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He P, Li Z, Zhou J, Yang J, Wei X, Wu P, Chen W, Cheng J, Yang L, Tang J, Li Q, Zhang Q, Jiang J. Sq-2, a biotinylated annonaceous acetogenin, induces apoptosis, autophagy and S-phase arrest by activating the MAPK pathway in breast cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 36762500 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamocin, an annonaceous acetogenin isolated from plants in the Annonaceae family, has antitumour activity. In this study, we report that Sq-2, a biotinylated squamocin monomer, has a favorable antitumour effect on MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells in vitro. MTT assays show that Sq-2 has a better antitumour effect on MDA-MB-231 cells than Sq-5 and Sq-6. Furthermore, RNA-Seq and KEGG enrichment analyses reveal that Sq-2 activates the MAPK signaling pathway, and results of western blot analysis demonstrate that Sq-2 activates the JNK and p38 pathways in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis reveal that Sq-2 induces cell apoptosis by increasing the expressions of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Inhibition of the Caspase family by Z-VAD-FMK attenuates the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that Sq-2 induces apoptosis in a Caspase-dependent manner. Additionally, pretreatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 partially reverses the increase in the apoptosis rate and decrease in cell viability prompted by Sq-2. Furthermore, Sq-2 treatment decreases the expression level of CyclinD1 and increases the expression levels of p21, p27, CyclinA1, and CDK2, causing S-phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells. Further study indicates that Sq-2 stimulates autophagy in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells, and inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 increases cell viability and promotes cell survival. Sq-2, a novel biotin-squamocin compound, shows a significant inhibitory effect on the propagation of SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Sq-2 treatment not only induces S-phase arrest and activates the JNK and p38 pathways to trigger apoptosis but also causes autophagy to promote apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan He
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junzhen Zhou
- of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wendan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinxia Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang 213300, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Hosomi H, Akatsuka A, Dan S, Iwasaki H, Nambu H, Kojima N. Synthesis of Acetogenin Analogs Comprising Pyrimidine Moieties Linked by Amine Bonds and Their Inhibitory Activity against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:823-826. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akinobu Akatsuka
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Shingo Dan
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
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3
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Ohta K, Fushimi T, Okamura M, Akatsuka A, Dan S, Iwasaki H, Yamashita M, Kojima N. Structure-antitumor activity relationship of hybrid acetogenins focusing on connecting groups between heterocycles and the linker moiety. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15728-15739. [PMID: 35685710 PMCID: PMC9131733 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02399g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied hybrid molecules of annonaceous acetogenins and mitochondrial complex I-inhibiting insecticides to develop a novel anticancer agent. A structure–antitumor activity relationship study focusing on the connecting groups between the heterocycles and the linker moiety bearing the tetrahydrofuran moiety was conducted. Eleven hybrid acetogenins with 1-methylpyrazole instead of γ-lactone were synthesized and their growth inhibitory activities against 39 human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The nitrogen atom at the 2′-position of the linker moiety was essential for inhibiting cancer growth. The 1-methylpyrazole-5-sulfonamide analog showed potent growth inhibition of NCI-H23, a human lung cancer cell line, in a xenograft mouse assay without critical toxicity. Hence, the results of this study may pave the way for the development of novel anticancer agents, with both selective and broad anticancer activities. The in vivo active 1-methylpyrazole-5-sulfonamide analog of acetogenins was obtained by the structure–antitumor activity relationship, focusing on the connecting groups between the heterocycle and the linker.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Ohta
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 1 Misasagi-Shichono-cho, Yamashina-ku Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fushimi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okamura
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research 3-8-1 Ariake-ku Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Akinobu Akatsuka
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research 3-8-1 Ariake-ku Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research 3-8-1 Ariake-ku Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwasaki
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 1 Misasagi-Shichono-cho, Yamashina-ku Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 1 Misasagi-Shichono-cho, Yamashina-ku Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Naoto Kojima
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University 1 Misasagi-Shichono-cho, Yamashina-ku Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
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4
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Kalita SJ, Cheng F, Huang Y. Recent Advances of Applying Boron‐Reagents in Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Natural Products and Bio‐Active Molecules. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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5
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Liaw CC, Liou JR, Wu TY, Chang FR, Wu YC. Acetogenins from Annonaceae. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 101:113-230. [PMID: 26659109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22692-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, annonaceous acetogenins have become highly studied plant secondary metabolites in terms of their isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biological evaluation, mechanism of action, and toxicity. The aim of the present contribution is to summarize chemical and biological reports published since 1997 on annonaceous acetogenins and synthetic acetogenin mimics. The compounds are considered biologically in terms of their cytotoxicity for cancer cell lines, neurotoxicity, pesticidal effects, and miscellaneous activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ru Liou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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6
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New cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenin mimetics having a nitrogen-heterocyclic terminal and their application to cell imaging. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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Shi JF, Wu P, Jiang ZH, Wei XY. Synthesis and tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of biotinylated annonaceous acetogenins. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 71:219-28. [PMID: 24308999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen biotinylated squamocin/bullatacin derivatives have been synthesized for targeted delivery to biotin receptor overexpressed tumor cells. Most biotinylated squamocin and bullatacin derivatives show similar in vitro cytotoxicity against the biotin receptor non-overexpressed L1210 cells as squamocin and bullatacin, respectively, while against biotin receptor overexpressed 4T1 and P815 tumor cells, several derivatives show significantly higher potency and better selectivity. Among all the synthesized compounds, 15,28-di-O-(6-biotinylamidohexanoyl)squamocin (16) is the most potent, which is 10 and 26 times more active than squamocin against 4T1 and P815 cells, respectively. Compound 16 also appears to be six and fifteen times more selective than squamocin towards 4T1 and P815 cells, respectively, against L1210 cells. The structure activity relationship analysis has revealed that the preferred site for biotinylation is different for squamocin and bullatacin, and it also depends on whether a linking spacer is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Xiao-Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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8
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Fletcher CJ, Wheelhouse KMP, Aggarwal VK. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Giganin and Its C10 Epimer by Using Late-Stage Lithiation-Borylation Methodology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2503-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Fletcher CJ, Wheelhouse KMP, Aggarwal VK. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Giganin and Its C10 Epimer by Using Late-Stage Lithiation-Borylation Methodology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Persich P, Kerschbaumer J, Helling S, Hildmann B, Wibbeling B, Haufe G. Transannular O-heterocyclization: a useful tool for the total synthesis of Murisolin and 16,19-cis-Murisolin. Org Lett 2012; 14:5628-31. [PMID: 23137072 DOI: 10.1021/ol302820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transannular O-heterocyclization is applied as a key step in a total synthesis. This highly stereoselective and metal-free transformation introduces four stereocenters in one step. It was chosen to be the pivotal step in the synthesis of Murisolin and 16,19-cis-Murisolin, two annonaceous acetogenins. The efficiency of this synthesis is further illustrated by a stereodivergent late-stage separation of both synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Persich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Kojima N, Tanaka T. Medicinal chemistry of Annonaceous acetogenins: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel analogues. Molecules 2009; 14:3621-61. [PMID: 19783948 PMCID: PMC6254973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Annonaceous acetogenins are characterized by between one and three THF ring(s) with one or two flanking hydroxyl group(s) in the center of a C32/34 fatty acid, and the terminal carboxylic acid is combined with a 2-propanol unit to form an alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactone. While many studies have addressed the properties and synthesis of natural acetogenins due to their attractive biological activities and unique structural features, a number of analogues have also been described. This review covers the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of acetogenin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kojima
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-8210; Fax: +81-6-6879-8214
| | - Tetsuaki Tanaka
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-8210; Fax: +81-6-6879-8214
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12
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Irie Y, Koga Y, Matsumoto T, Matsubara K. o-Amine-Assisted Cannizzaro Reaction of Glyoxal with New 2,6-Diaminoanilines. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Derbré S, Duval R, Roué G, Garofano A, Poupon E, Brandt U, Susin SA, Hocquemiller R. Semisynthesis and screening of a small library of pro-apoptotic squamocin analogues: selection and study of a benzoquinone hybrid with an improved biological profile. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:118-29. [PMID: 16892343 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acetogenins of Annonaceae, including squamocin (1), exert spectacular cytotoxicity and the most potent inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase known so far. Cell death induced by these natural products was identified as apoptosis and was thought to be linked to alterations in mitochondrial function. Quinone-squamocin hybrid compounds were semisynthesized and evaluated for their pro-apoptotic properties with a screening method based on dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim). Herein, we report a short one-step synthesis of a squamocin carboxylic acid analogue. For the first time on a natural product, the radical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction has enabled preparation of a library of squamocin-quinone hybrids and four other analogues. Squamoquinone, tenfold more potent than squamocin as an inducer of apoptosis, emerged as a promising compound, as it induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Derbré
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie associé au CNRS (BioCIS, UMR 8076), Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France
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14
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Duval RA, Poupon E, Romero V, Peris E, Lewin G, Cortes D, Brandt U, Hocquemiller R. Analogues of cytotoxic squamocin using reliable reactions: new insights into the reactivity and role of the α,β-unsaturated lactone of the annonaceous acetogenins. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Duval RA, Poupon E, Brandt U, Hocquemiller R. Remarkable substituent effect: beta-aminosquamocin, a potent dual inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes I and III. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1709:191-4. [PMID: 16139789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a primary amine function on the terminal alpha,beta-unsaturated lactone of squamocin 1, a common structural hallmark of annonaceous acetogenins, shifted this specific inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I into a potent dual inhibitor of complexes I and III. The mechanism of action of beta-aminosquamocin 2, against these two respiratory targets, is studied and discussed in view of current structure-activity relationship knowledge in the acetogenin series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Duval
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie associé au CNRS (UMR 8076, BioCIS), Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, Université Paris-Sud 11, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France
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16
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Wang M, Chen Y, Lou L, Tang W, Wang X, Shen J. Synthesis of pyrrolidine analogues of solamin. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Duval RA, Duret P, Lewin G, Peris E, Hocquemiller R. Semisynthesis and biological activity of aminoacyl triesters of squamocin, an annonaceous acetogenin. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3773-81. [PMID: 15863004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A number of aminoacyl triesters of squamocin 1, a cytotoxic acetogenin isolated from the seeds of Annona reticulata, have been synthesized in two to three steps from protected (l)-aminoacids and squamocin 1 using standard coupling/deprotection procedures. These semisynthetic analogs were tested on submitochondrial particles (SMP) for their complex I inhibitory activities, and against KB 3-1 cells in vitro. All triesters derivatives exhibited a complete extinction of activity at the enzymatic level, correlated to a reduced though modulated cytotoxicity in comparison with squamocin 1. This activity can apparently be considered as a function of the amphipathy of the analogs, the more amphiphilic ones being the more cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Duval
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie (BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS), Faculté de Pharmacie, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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18
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Derbré S, Roué G, Poupon E, Susin SA, Hocquemiller R. Annonaceous Acetogenins: The Hydroxyl Groups and THF Rings Are Crucial Structural Elements for Targeting the Mitochondria, Demonstration with the Synthesis of Fluorescent Squamocin Analogues. Chembiochem 2005; 6:979-82. [PMID: 15861433 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Derbré
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie associé au CNRS, UMR 8076, Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, Université Paris-Sud 11, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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19
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Konno H, Hiura N, Makabe H, Abe M, Miyoshi H. Synthesis and mitochondrial complex I inhibition of dihydroxy-cohibin A, non-THF annonaceous acetogenin analogue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:629-32. [PMID: 14741257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the inhibitory action of acetogenins, we synthesized an acetogenin derivative which possesses tetraol in place of the tetrahydrofuran ring and examined its inhibitory activity against bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. Our results indicate that these hydroxy groups are an essential structural factor though it is not effective as bis-THF hydroxy groups combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, 2-1Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
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