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Fan Y, Niu X, Zhang D. Analysis of the process and factors influencing microbial phosphine production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27293-7. [PMID: 37243771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The process of phosphine production by phosphate-reducing bacteria Pseudescherichia sp. SFM4 has been well studied. Phosphine originates from the biochemical stage of functional bacteria that synthesize pyruvate. Stirring the aggregated bacterial mass and supplying pure hydrogen could lead to an increase of 40 and 44% phosphine production, respectively. Phosphine was produced when bacterial cells agglomerated in the reactor. Extracellular polymeric substances secreted on microbial aggregates promoted the formation of phosphine due to the presence of groups containing phosphorus element. Phosphorus metabolism gene and phosphorus source analysis implied that functional bacteria used anabolic organic phosphorus, especially containing carbon-phosphorus bonds, as a source with [H] as electron donor to produce phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Fan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, People's Republic of China
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Ran X, Uppuluri NST, Deng Y, Zheng Y, Dong R, Müller J, Oechsner H, Li B, Guo J. Comparison of phosphorus species in livestock manure and digestate by different detection techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162547. [PMID: 36871712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) species characterize the effectiveness of the P fertilizer. In this study, the P species and distribution in different manures (pig manure, dairy manure and chicken manure) and their digestate were systematically investigated through combined characterization methods of Hedley fractionation (H2OP, NaHCO3-P, NaOH-P, HCl-P, and Residual), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The results from Hedley fractionation showed that >80 % of P in the digestate was inorganic and the HCl-P content in manure increased significantly during anaerobic digestion (AD). XRD manifested that insoluble hydroxyapatite and struvite belonging to HCl-P were presented during AD, which was in agreement with the result of Hedley fractionation. 31P NMR spectral analysis revealed that some orthophosphate monoesters were hydrolyzed during AD, meanwhile the orthophosphate diester organic phosphorus like DNA and phospholipids content has increased. After characterizing P species by combining these methods, it was found that chemical sequential extraction could be an effective way to fully understand the P in livestock manure and digestate, with other methods used as auxiliary tool depending on the purpose of studies. Meanwhile, this study provided a basic knowledge of utilizing digestate as P fertilizer and minimizing the risk of P loss from livestock manure. Overall, applying digestates can minimize the risk of P loss from directly applied livestock manure while satisfying plant demands, and is an environmentally friendly P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ran
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Naga Sai Tejaswi Uppuluri
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Yun Deng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Hans Oechsner
- The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Fan Y, Niu X, Zhang D, Lin Z, Fu M, Zhou S. Analysis of the characteristics of phosphine production by anaerobic digestion based on microbial community dynamics, metabolic pathways, and isolation of the phosphate-reducing strain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128213. [PMID: 33182078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphine is ubiquitously present in anaerobic environments, little is known regarding the microbial community dynamics and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation in an anaerobic digestion system. This study investigated the production of phosphine in anaerobic digestion, with results indicating that phosphine production mainly occurred during logarithmic microbial growth. Dehydrogenase and hydrogen promoted the production of phosphine, with a maximum phosphine concentration of 300 mg/m3. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Escherichia was observed to promote phosphine generation. The analysis of metabolic pathways based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the MetaCyc pathway database revealed the highest relative abundance of replication and repair in genetic information processing; further, the cofactor, prosthetic group, electron carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis were observed to be closely related to phosphine formation. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the neighbor-joining method. The results indicated the clear evolutionary position of the isolated Pseudescherichia sp. SFM4 strain, adjacent to Escherichia, with a stable phosphate-reducing ability for a maximum phosphine concentration of 26 mg/m3. The response surface experiment indicated that the initial optimal conditions for phosphine production by SFM4 could be achieved with nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus loads of 6.17, 300, and 10 mg/L, respectively, at pH 7.47. These results provide comprehensive insights into the dynamic changes in the microbial structure, isolated single bacterial strain, and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation. They also provide information on the molecular biology associated with phosphorus recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Sousa-Silva C, Seager S, Ranjan S, Petkowski JJ, Zhan Z, Hu R, Bains W. Phosphine as a Biosignature Gas in Exoplanet Atmospheres. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:235-268. [PMID: 31755740 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A long-term goal of exoplanet studies is the identification and detection of biosignature gases. Beyond the most discussed biosignature gas O2, only a handful of gases have been considered in detail. In this study, we evaluate phosphine (PH3). On Earth, PH3 is associated with anaerobic ecosystems, and as such, it is a potential biosignature gas in anoxic exoplanets. We simulate the atmospheres of habitable terrestrial planets with CO2- and H2-dominated atmospheres and find that PH3 can accumulate to detectable concentrations on planets with surface production fluxes of 1010 to 1014 cm-2 s-1 (corresponding to surface concentrations of 10s of ppb to 100s of ppm), depending on atmospheric composition and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. While high, the surface flux values are comparable to the global terrestrial production rate of methane or CH4 (1011 cm-2 s-1) and below the maximum local terrestrial PH3 production rate (1014 cm-2 s-1). As with other gases, PH3 can more readily accumulate on low-UV planets, for example, planets orbiting quiet M dwarfs or with a photochemically generated UV shield. PH3 has three strong spectral features such that in any atmosphere scenario one of the three will be unique compared with other dominant spectroscopic molecules. Phosphine's weakness as a biosignature gas is its high reactivity, requiring high outgassing rates for detectability. We calculate that tens of hours of JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) time are required for a potential detection of PH3. Yet, because PH3 is spectrally active in the same wavelength regions as other atmospherically important molecules (such as H2O and CH4), searches for PH3 can be carried out at no additional observational cost to searches for other molecular species relevant to characterizing exoplanet habitability. Phosphine is a promising biosignature gas, as it has no known abiotic false positives on terrestrial planets from any source that could generate the high fluxes required for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sousa-Silva
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Physics, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Physics, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sukrit Ranjan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- SCOL Postdoctoral Fellow
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuchang Zhan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Renyu Hu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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Penguins significantly increased phosphine formation and phosphorus contribution in maritime Antarctic soils. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7055. [PMID: 25394572 PMCID: PMC4231338 DOI: 10.1038/srep07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on phosphorus cycle in the natural environment focused on phosphates, with limited data available for the reduced phosphine (PH3). In this paper, matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), gaseous phosphine fluxes and phosphorus fractions in the soils were investigated from a penguin colony, a seal colony and the adjacent animal-lacking tundra and background sites. The MBP levels (mean 200.3 ng kg−1) in penguin colony soils were much higher than those in seal colony soils, animal-lacking tundra soils and the background soils. Field PH3 flux observation and laboratory incubation experiments confirmed that penguin colony soils produced much higher PH3 emissions than seal colony soils and animal-lacking tundra soils. Overall high MBP levels and PH3 emissions were modulated by soil biogeochemical processes associated with penguin activities: sufficient supply of the nutrients phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic carbon from penguin guano, high soil bacterial abundance and phosphatase activity. It was proposed that organic or inorganic phosphorus compounds from penguin guano or seal excreta could be reduced to PH3 in the Antarctic soils through the bacterial activity. Our results indicated that penguin activity significantly increased soil phosphine formation and phosphorus contribution, thus played an important role in phosphorus cycle in terrestrial ecosystems of maritime Antarctica.
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Ding W, Zhu R, Hou L, Wang Q. Matrix-bound phosphine, phosphorus fractions and phosphatase activity through sediment profiles in Lake Chaohu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1135-1144. [PMID: 24706054 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution patterns of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), phosphorus (P) fractions and neutral phosphatase activity (NPA) were investigated through five sediment profiles in Lake Chaohu, China. MBP was discovered in all sediment profiles within the concentration range of 1.58-50.34 ng kg(-1). These concentrations exhibited a consistent vertical distribution pattern in all profiles, and higher concentrations generally occurred in surface sediments. MBP concentrations showed a significant positive correlation with P fractions, total nitrogen (TN), Cu and Zn under lower levels of inorganic phosphorus (<0.6 g kg(-1)), organic phosphorus (<0.2 g kg(-1)), TN (<0.13%), Cu (<25 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (<150 mg kg(-1)), but no statistically significant correlations were obtained under higher levels. A multiple stepwise regression model ([MBP]=1.36[NPA]-6.21[pH]-0.06[Zn]+0.75[Cu]+49.86) was obtained between MBP concentrations and environmental variables, and MBP concentrations showed a strong positive correlation with NPA (P<0.0001). This indicates that the production of sediment MBP was controlled by microbially mediated processes in Lake Chaohu. This model could be used to predict MBP levels in the sediments. Our results indicate that MBP levels could not be used as indicators for the degree of lake eutrophication. The study of sediment MBP, P factions and NPA will improve our understanding of P cycling and their environmental significance in the eutrophic Lake Chaohu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230026, P. R China.
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Zhu R, Ding W, Hou L, Wang Q. Matrix-bound phosphine and phosphorus fractions in surface sediments of Arctic Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: effects of glacial activity and environmental variables. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:240-249. [PMID: 24380439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The surface sediments were collected from the glacial bay (GLAC), the central basin (CENTR) and their transition area (TRANS) along the fjord Kongsfjorden axis on Svalbard, Arctic, and matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were analyzed. MBP was found in all the sediments with the concentration range of 8.93-59.45 ng kg(-1) dw. The MBP levels in the CENTR sediments were two times higher than those in the GLAC and TRANS sediments, and the yield of phosphine (PH3) as a fraction of total phosphorus ranged from 1.78×10(-8) to 3.53×10(-8) mg PH3 mg(-1)P. The CENTR and TRANS sediments showed higher concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP) and APA than the GLAC sediments, indicating that glacial activity had an important effect on the spatial variability in the concentrations of MBP and phosphorus fractions. There existed a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between MBP and seawater depths, OP, TP, APA, total organic matter, total nitrogen and total sulfur. The multiple stepwise regression model ([MBP]=16.1[OP]+18.6[APA]-26.1pH+221.3) was obtained between MBP concentrations and environmental variables. This model could be used to predict MBP levels in the sediments. Our results indicated that the production of MBP was associated with OP decomposition and microbially mediated factors in the sediments of Kongsfjorden in Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230026, PR China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230026, PR China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230026, PR China
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Niu X, Wei A, Li Y, Mi L, Yang Z, Song X. Phosphine in paddy fields and the effects of environmental factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1942-1947. [PMID: 23876504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ambient levels of phosphine (PH3) in the air, phosphine emission fluxes from paddy fields and rice plants, and the distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) in paddy soils were investigated throughout the growing stages of rice. The relationships between MBP and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the principal factors determining the distribution of MBP. The phosphine ambient levels ranged from 2.368±0.6060 ng m(-3) to 24.83±6.529 ng m(-3) and averaged 14.25±4.547 ng m(-3). The highest phosphine emission flux was 22.54±3.897 ng (m(2)h)(-1), the lowest flux was 7.64±4.83 ng (m(2)h)(-1), and the average flux was 14.17±4.977 ng (m(2)h)(-1). Rice plants transport a significant portion of the phosphine emitted from the paddy fields. The highest contribution rate of rice plants to the phosphine emission fluxes reached 73.73% and the average contribution was 43.00%. The average MBP content of 111.6 ng kg(-1)fluctuated significantly in different stages of rice growth and initially increased then decreased with increasing depth. The peak MBP content in each growth stage occurred approximately 10 cm under the surface of paddy soils. Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that soil temperature (Ts), acid phosphatase (ACP) and total phosphorus (TP) were the principal environmental factors, with correlative rankings of Ts>ACP>TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Niu
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhu R, Ma D, Ding W, Bai B, Liu Y, Sun J. Occurrence of matrix-bound phosphine in polar ornithogenic tundra ecosystems: effects of alkaline phosphatase activity and environmental variables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3789-3800. [PMID: 21762959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH(3)), a reduced phosphorus compound, is a highly toxic and reactive atmospheric trace gas. In this study, a total of ten ornithogenic soil/sediment profiles were collected from tundra ecosystems of east Antarctica and Arctic, and matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), the phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were analyzed. High MBP concentrations were found in these profiles with the range from 39.59 ng kg(-1) dw to 11.77 μg kg(-1) dw. MBP showed a consistent vertical distribution pattern in almost all the soil profiles, and its concentrations increased at soil surface layers and then decreased with depths. MBP levels in the ornithogenic soils were two to three orders of magnitude lower than those in ornithogenic sediments. The yield of PH(3) as a fraction of total P in all the profiles ranged from 10(-5) to 10(-9) mgPH(3) mg(-1)P with higher mean PH(3) yield in the ornithogenic sediments. The ornithogenic soils showed high concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and metal elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al and Ca) but low MBP levels, vice versa for the ornithogenic sediments. No correlation had been obtained between MBP concentrations and IP, OP and TP. There existed an exponential correlation (r=0.67, p<0.01) between MBP and soil/sediment moisture. MBP concentrations showed a significant positive correlation with APA (r=0.668, p<0.0001), total organic carbon (r=0.501, p<0.0001), total hydrogen (r=0.483, p<0.0001) and total sulfur (r=0.398, p<0.001), indicating that the production of MBP is associated with microbially mediated factors rather than the contents of TP, IP and OP in the P-enriched ornithogenic soils/sediments. Our results indicated that MBP is an important gaseous link in the phosphorus biogeochemical cycles of ornithogenic tundra ecosystems in Antarctica and Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei city, Anhui Province 230026, PR China.
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