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Benedetti B, Ceccardi E, MacKeown H, Di Carro M, Magi E. Exploring the potentialities of a biodegradable polymeric film in sample preparation: An optimized "white" protocol to extract and quantify emerging contaminants in water. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342725. [PMID: 38816162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of white analytical chemistry encourages the development of methods characterized by a balance among greenness, productivity/feasibility and analytical performances. In the environmental analysis of emerging contaminants (ECs), for which high sensitivity and specificity are mandatory, the use of green and sustainable sample preparation needs to be coupled to a reliable analytical determination. Herein, an extraction method based on the use of a biodegradable polymeric film (Mater-Bi) and coupled to LC-MS/MS analysis was developed for the sensitive determination of ECs in wastewater. RESULTS The interaction among a range of ECs and the Mater-Bi film (a commercially available patented blend of polybutylene-terephthalate, starch and fatty acids) was investigated by two sequential experimental designs, to simultaneously study several factors and optimize extraction efficiency. The final method, resembling a fabric phase sorptive extraction, involved pH and ionic strength modification of the sample, 1h extraction and desorption in ethanol. Satisfactory recoveries from real wastewater were obtained for sixteen analytes (56-116 %), as well as excellent precision (inter-day relative standard deviations below 10 % for most compounds). Matrix effect was in the range 88-116 % at the lower pre-concentration factor, but also acceptable in most cases at the higher pre-concentration factor. LODs in matrix, from 0.004 to 0.159 μg L-1, were lower than or comparable to those from recent studies employing green extraction procedures. The method demonstrated its applicability to samples from wastewater treatment plants, allowing quantification of pharmaceuticals and UV filters at the μg L-1 and ng L-1 levels, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, the synthetic biopolymer Mater-Bi, so far unexplored for the use in analytical chemistry, was exploited for a green, simple and extremely cheap extraction protocol. The optimized method is suitable for several ECs, guaranteeing very good accuracy, precision and specificity, also thanks to the LC-MS/MS analysis. The evaluation by green and white analytical chemistry metrics highlighted its superiority to conventional extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy.
| | - Erica Ceccardi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Henry MacKeown
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
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Torkamannejad S, Chang G, Aroge FA, Sun B. Single Isotopologue for In-Sample Calibration and Absolute Quantitation by LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1351-1359. [PMID: 38445850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based absolute quantitative analysis has been increasingly used in biomarker discovery. The ability to accurately measure the masses by MS enabled the use of isotope-incorporated surrogates having virtually identical physiochemical properties with the target analytes as calibrators. Such a unique capacity allowed for accurate in-sample calibration. Current in-sample calibration uses multiple isotopologues or structural analogues for both the surrogate and the internal standard. Here, we simplified this common practice by using endogenous light peptides as the internal standards and used a mathematical deduction of "heavy matching light, HML" to directly quantify an endogenous analyte. This method provides all necessary assay performance parameters in the authentic matrix, including the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) and intercept of the calibration curve, by using only a single isotopologue of the analyte. This method can be applied to the quantitation of proteins, peptides, and small molecules. Using this method, we quantified the efficiency of heart tissue digestion and recovery using sodium deoxycholate as a detergent and two spiked exogenous proteins as mimics of heart proteins. The results demonstrated the robustness of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Torkamannejad
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Ge Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Fabusuyi A Aroge
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia V3T0A3, Canada
| | - Bingyun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
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Zhu P, Dubbelman AC, Hunter C, Genangeli M, Karu N, Harms A, Hankemeier T. Development of an Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics Method with Postcolumn Infusion for Matrix Effect Monitoring in Plasma and Feces. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:590-602. [PMID: 38379502 PMCID: PMC10921459 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics based on reverse phase LC-MS (RPLC-MS) plays a crucial role in biomarker discovery across physiological and disease states. Standardizing the development process of untargeted methods requires paying attention to critical factors that are under discussed or easily overlooked, such as injection parameters, performance assessment, and matrix effect evaluation. In this study, we developed an untargeted metabolomics method for plasma and fecal samples with the optimization and evaluation of these factors. Our results showed that optimizing the reconstitution solvent and sample injection amount was critical for achieving the balance between metabolites coverage and signal linearity. Method validation with representative stable isotopically labeled standards (SILs) provided insights into the analytical performance evaluation of our method. To tackle the issue of the matrix effect, we implemented a postcolumn infusion (PCI) approach to monitor the overall absolute matrix effect (AME) and relative matrix effect (RME). The monitoring revealed distinct AME and RME profiles in plasma and feces. Comparing RME data obtained for SILs through postextraction spiking with those monitored using PCI compounds demonstrated the comparability of these two methods for RME assessment. Therefore, we applied the PCI approach to predict the RME of 305 target compounds covered in our in-house library and found that targets detected in the negative polarity were more vulnerable to the RME, regardless of the sample matrix. Given the value of this PCI approach in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of our method in terms of the matrix effect, we recommend implementing a PCI approach during method development and applying it routinely in untargeted metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhu
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michele Genangeli
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Naama Karu
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
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Hao J, Feng R, Li J, Gao W, Yu J, Tang K. A high-performance standalone planar FAIMS system for effective detection of chemical warfare agents via TSPSO algorithm. Talanta 2024; 269:125516. [PMID: 38070286 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance standalone planar field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (p-FAIMS) system with a deconvolution algorithm (two-step particle swarm optimization algorithm, TSPSO) for overlapping peaks was developed to effectively detect chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Four CWA simulants were applied in this study to systemically evaluate the performance of the standalone p-FAIMS system. The experimental results showed that each CWA simulant in the mixture can be positively identified by carefully comparing the compensation voltage (CV) value of each peak in the FAIMS spectra for the mixture to the ones in the spectra acquired by using the same FAIMS system for the pure CWA simulant standards. The FAIMS spectrum of the CWA simulant mixture might consist of multiple overlapping peaks, which would be difficult to accurately determine the CV value for each CWA simulant peak. This problem has been effectively resolved in this study by deconvoluting the overlapping peaks via the TSPSO algorithm. As the effective peak deconvolution via TSPSO requires the degree of overlap between each FAIMS peak to be lower than a specific value, the flow rate of FAIMS carrier gas was decreased to further improve the resolution of the p-FAIMS system. After the accurate deconvolution, the resolution of original FAIMS spectrum can also be enhanced to achieve baseline separation by using TSPSO algorithm to narrow the peak width of each peak. The experimental results in this study demonstrated the possibility of using TSPSO algorithm to achieve high-resolution on a typically low-resolution standalone FAIMS. The concept in this study can potentially be applied to any low-resolution instruments to achieve high-resolution results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Rong Feng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Weintraut T, Heiles S, Gerbig D, Henss A, Junck J, Düring RA, Rohnke M. Lipid-related ion suppression on the herbicide atrazine in earthworm samples in ToF-SIMS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging and the role of gas-phase basicity. Biointerphases 2024; 19:021003. [PMID: 38602440 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), ion suppression can lead to a misinterpretation of results. Particularly phospholipids, most of which exhibit high gas-phase basicity (GB), are known to suppress the detection of metabolites and drugs. This study was initiated by the observation that the signal of an herbicide, i.e., atrazine, was suppressed in MSI investigations of earthworm tissue sections. Herbicide accumulation in earthworms was investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Additionally, earthworm tissue sections without accumulation of atrazine but with a homogeneous spray deposition of the herbicide were analyzed to highlight region-specific ion suppression. Furthermore, the relationship of signal intensity and GB in binary mixtures of lipids, amino acids, and atrazine was investigated in both MSI techniques. The GB of atrazine was determined experimentally through a linear plot of the obtained intensity ratios of the binary amino acid mixtures, as well as theoretically. The GBs values for atrazine of 896 and 906 kJ/mol in ToF-SIMS and 933 and 987 kJ/mol in MALDI-MSI were determined experimentally and that of 913 kJ/mol by quantum mechanical calculations. Compared with the GB of a major lipid component, phosphatidylcholine (GBPC = 1044.7 kJ/mol), atrazine's experimentally and computationally determined GBs in this work are significantly lower, making it prone to ion suppression in biological samples containing polar lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Weintraut
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, Dortmund 44139, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45141, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Johannes Junck
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Villacob RA, Feizi N, Beno SC, Solouki T. Collision-Induced Unfolding, Tandem MS, Bottom-up Proteomics, and Interactomics for Identification of Protein Complexes in Native Surface Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:13-30. [PMID: 38095581 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Endogenously occurring salts and nonvolatile matrix components in untreated biological surfaces can suppress protein ionization and promote adduct formation, challenging protein identification. Characterization of labile proteins within biological specimens is particularly demanding because additional purification or sample treatment steps can be time-intensive and can disrupt noncovalent interactions. It is demonstrated that the combined use of collision-induced unfolding, tandem mass spectrometry, and bottom-up proteomics improves protein characterization in native surface mass spectrometry (NSMS). This multiprong analysis is achieved by acquiring NSMS, MS/MS, ion mobility (IM), and bottom-up proteomics data from a single surface extracted sample. The validity of this multiprong approach was confirmed by the successful characterization of nine surface-deposited proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 147 kDa, in two separate mixtures. Bottom-up proteomics provided a list of proteins to match against observed proteins in NSMS and their detected subunits in tandem MS. The method was applied to characterize endogenous proteins from untreated chicken liver samples. The subcapsular liver sampling for NSMS analysis allowed for the detection of endogenous proteins with molecular weights of up to ∼220 kDa. Moreover, using IM-MS, collision cross sections and collision-induced unfolding pathways of enzymatic proteins and protein complexes of up to 145 kDa were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Villacob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Neda Feizi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sarah C Beno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Touradj Solouki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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Nicolas S, Bois B, Billet K, Romanet R, Bahut F, Uhl J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gougeon RD. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Increased Grape Juice Metabolite Coverage. Foods 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38201082 PMCID: PMC10778666 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of the juice from grape berries is at the basis of the definition of technological ripeness before harvest, historically evaluated from global sugar and acid contents. If many studies have contributed to the identification of other primary and secondary metabolites in whole berries, deepening knowledge about the chemical composition of the sole flesh of grape berries (i.e., without considering skins and seeds) at harvest is of primary interest when studying the enological potential of widespread grape varieties producing high-added-value wines. Here, we used non-targeted DI-FT-ICR-MS and RP-UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS analyses to explore the extent of metabolite coverage of up to 290 grape juices from four Vitis vinifera grape varieties, namely Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Meunier, and Aligoté, sampled at harvest from 91 vineyards in Europe and Argentina, over three successive vintages. SPE pretreatment of samples led to the identification of more than 4500 detected C,H,O,N,S-containing elemental compositions, likely associated with tens of thousands of distinct metabolites. We further revealed that a major part of this chemical diversity appears to be common to the different juices, as exemplified by Pinot noir and Chardonnay samples. However, it was possible to build significant models for the discrimination of Chardonnay from Pinot noir grape juices, and of Chardonnay from Aligoté grape juices, regardless of the geographical origin or the vintage. Therefore, this metabolomic approach opens access to a remarkable holistic molecular description of the instantaneous composition of such a biological matrix, which is the result of complex interplays among environmental, biochemical, and vine growing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Nicolas
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Benjamin Bois
- Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Kevin Billet
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Rémy Romanet
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
- DIVVA Platform, PAM UMR A 02.102, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Florian Bahut
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (P.S.-K.)
- Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Régis D. Gougeon
- Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne-Institut Agro, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin-Jules Guyot, F-21000 Dijon, France; (S.N.); (K.B.); (R.R.); (F.B.)
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Goudarzi S, Eskandari S, Daraei B, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Amirahmadi M. Analyzing antibiotic residues in honey samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37979200 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2283046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to present a sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical method for the determination of 32 antibiotics from 5 groups (sulfonamides, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and quinolones) and some individual antibiotics (lincomycin, griseofulvin, and 5-hydroxy-flunixin) in 63 honey samples collected from Tehran market. In the presented method, the samples were hydrolyzed by 1% HFBA (hepta fluoro butyric acid) in water, purified on Strata XL polymeric reversed-phase cartridges, and finally analyzed by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-IP-LC-ESI-MS/MS). Good performance characteristics were gained for recovery, precision, range, and linearity, the limit of detections (LODs), and the limit of quantifications (LOQs). According to the presented results and considering the absence of permissible limits for antibiotics in honey, 74.6% of the tested samples had antibiotic residues more than the LOQ of the method. The results show that the validated method is suitable for simultaneously detecting antibiotic residues in honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Goudarzi
- Food and Drug Control Reference Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Eskandari
- Food and Drug Control Reference Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Amirahmadi
- Food and Drug Control Reference Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&MOE, Tehran, Iran
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K. Dietary Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Source, Fate, and Chromatographic Determinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16304. [PMID: 38003492 PMCID: PMC10671297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, their origins, fates, and roles are of widespread interest. Except for being produced endogenously, these metabolites can originate from exogenous sources (e.g., food) and undergo absorption in the digestive tract. Recently, a special focus on exogenous sources of tryptophan metabolites was observed. This overview summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence of the kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in food and the analytical method utilized for their determination in different food matrices. Special attention was paid to sample preparation and chromatographic analysis, which has proven to be a core technique for the detection and quantification of kynurenines. A discussion of the fate and role of dietary kynurenines has also been addressed. This review will, hopefully, guide further studies on the impact of dietary kynurenines on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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10
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Fabijanczuk KC, Foreman DJ, McLuckey SA. Charge Inversion of Mono- and Dianions to Cations via Triply Charged Metal Complexes: Application to Lipid Mixtures. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16289-16297. [PMID: 37871251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) of mixtures can give rise to ions with different masses and charges with overlapping mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. Such a scenario can be particularly problematic for the detection of low-abundance species in the presence of more highly abundant mixture components. For example, negative mode ESI of polar lipid extracts can result in highly abundant singly charged glyerophospholipids (GPLs), such as phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG), that can obscure much less abundant cardiolipins (CLs), which are complex phospholipids with masses roughly double those of GPLs that mostly form doubly charged anions. Despite their low relative abundance, CLs are lipidome components that perform vital biological functions. To facilitate the study of CLs in lipid mixtures without resorting to offline or online separations, we have developed a gas-phase approach employing ion/ion reactions to charge invert anionic lipid species using a trivalent metal-complex. Specifically, ytterbium(III) is shown to readily complex with three neutral ligands, N,N,N',N'-tetra-2-ethylhexyl diglycolamide (TEHDGA), to form [Yb(TEHDGA3)]3+ using ESI. Herein, we describe pilot studies to evaluate [Yb(TEHDGA)3]3+ as an ion/ion reagent to allow for chemical separation of doubly and singly charged anions, using lipid mixtures as examples, without neutralizing ions of either charge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Fabijanczuk
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - David J Foreman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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11
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Wüthrich C, Giannoukos S, Zenobi R. Elucidating the Role of Ion Suppression in Secondary Electrospray Ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2498-2507. [PMID: 37843816 PMCID: PMC10623576 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ion suppression is a known matrix effect in electrospray ionization (ESI), ambient pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), but its characterization in secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) is lacking. A thorough understanding of this effect is crucial for quantitative applications of SESI, such as breath analysis. In this study, gas standards were generated by using an evaporation-based system to assess the susceptibility and suppression potential of acetone, deuterated acetone, deuterated acetic acid, and pyridine. Gas-phase effects were found to dominate ion suppression, with pyridine exhibiting the most significant suppressive effect, which is potentially linked to its gas-phase basicity. The impact of increased acetone levels on the volatiles from exhaled breath condensate was also examined. In humid conditions, a noticeable decrease in intensity of approximately 30% was observed for several features at an acetone concentration of 1 ppm. Considering that this concentration is expected for breath analysis, it becomes crucial to account for this effect when SESI is utilized to quantitatively determine specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wüthrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Li W, Li Y, Cai J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Hu H, Liu L. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Antifungal Agents in Human Serum Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1537. [PMID: 38004403 PMCID: PMC10675106 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic antifungal agents are essential for high-risk patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or cancer chemotherapy because of the rapid increase in opportunistic fungal infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial to ensuring the efficacy and safety of antifungal agents owing to their pharmacokinetic variability. In the present study, we developed and validated a quantitative method for the simultaneous detection of seven commonly used antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, isavuconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid) was used for protein precipitation and only 50 μL of serum was required for the analysis. Chromatographic separation was conducted using a Waters Acquity UPLC C8 column, and one stable isotope-labeled agent and two analogs were used as internal standards. The calibration curves ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/mL for all agents, and the correlation coefficient (R2) for all calibration curves was above 0.9835. The intra-day precision (1.2-11.2%), inter-day precision (2.4-13.2%), and mean bias values (-10.9 to 13.6%) were within an acceptable range of ±15%. Successful implementation of the developed method in clinical practice would facilitate the effective monitoring of these antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Junlong Cai
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hankun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
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13
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Bao M, Bai J, Wang Y, Zhu S, Liu Y, Wen T, Zhang J, Ma SC, Guo Y. Plasma-Excited Nebulizer Gas-Assisted Electrospray Ionization: Enhancing the Sensitivity of Pesticide in Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14842-14852. [PMID: 37779463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely used in the detection of pesticide residues. However, the detection sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides by commonly used electrospray ionization may be severely suppressed, which greatly affects the limit of detection and repeatability. Herein, a plasma-excited nebulizer gas-assisted electrospray ionization (PENG-ESI) device has been developed. By introducing the discharge plasma formed by Tesla coil into the electrospray nebulizer gas channel, the sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides was significantly increased while maintaining sensitivity to polar pesticides. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection for S-bioallethrin was achieved at the level of 100 pg/g with good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and precision (RSD ≤ 4.61%). The matrix effect of a series of spiked matrix samples is less than 13.1%. Finally, different pyrethroid pesticide residues were successfully analyzed without separation, highlighting that the technology has potential application prospects in food quality control, environmental monitoring, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Suzhen Zhu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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14
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Beloborodov SS, Schneider BB, Oleschuk RD, Yves Le Blanc JC. Open Port Interface for Coupling Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry: Performance Evaluation for Capillary Isoelectric Focusing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2107-2116. [PMID: 37650584 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique that utilizes the resolving power of CE and the mass-detection capabilities of MS. In many cases, CE is coupled to MS via a sheath-flow interface (SFI). This interface has a simple design and can be easily constructed; however, it often suffers from issues such as MS signal suppression, interference of MS and CE electrical circuits, and the inability to set an optical point of detection close to the capillary end due to the specific design of the coupling union. In this paper, we describe a novel coupling of CE and MS based upon the open port interface (OPI). The OPI differs from classical sheath flow interfaces by operating at flow rates at least 1 order of magnitude higher. In addition to the flow rate difference, the OPI provides more efficient mixing of the capillary eluates with the transport fluid and thus minimizes MS signal suppression. In this work, we compared the performance of OPI and SFI in a series of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) experiments with 5 pI markers, carbonic anhydrase II and NIST antibody. The evaluation criteria for the comparison of the OPI and SFI were analytical sensitivity, reproducibility, and pI marker linearity. Given the extent of sample dilution in the OPI, we also compared the peak resolution determined using an upstream UV detector to those determined by the downstream mass spectrometer. The results suggested that the OPI configuration reduced signal suppression, with no adverse effect on peak resolution. In addition, the OPI provided better decoupling of the CE and MS potentials as well as reduced signal dependence upon the sheath liquid composition. While these results are preliminary, they suggest that the OPI is a viable approach for CE-MS coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard D Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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15
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Jiang S, Zhao J, Yan H, Xiang P, Shen M. Analysis of 15 anti-obesity drugs in urine using thermal-assisted paper spray mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4434-4441. [PMID: 37606058 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Anti-obesity drugs, used to suppress appetite and reduce fat absorption, have been circulated and traded illegally worldwide. The traditional methods of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for analyzing these drugs in in vivo samples require complex sample pretreatment and time-consuming procedures. To address this issue, a thermal-assisted paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method was developed in this study to analyze anti-obesity drugs in raw urine. By incorporating a heat source and optimizing the spray solvent and paper substrate, this technique demonstrates reduced matrix effect and higher sensitivity compared to traditional PS-MS methodology for direct analysis of anti-obesity drugs in urine samples. A temperature range of 100-200 °C can be set for screening anti-obesity drugs in urine samples, with the flexibility to adjust the temperature according to the specific drug being analyzed. The limits of detection (LODs) for these 15 anti-obesity drugs in urine ranged between 1 and 500 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the thermal-assisted PS-MS method exhibited good linearities (R2, 0.9903-0.9997) within the range from 10-100 to 1000 ng mL-1 for the direct quantitation of anti-obesity drugs in urine samples with an internal standard. Therefore, the thermal-assisted PS-MS technique may provide a novel approach for the direct analysis of drugs in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Jiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
- Criminal Justice College, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 200042, China
| | - Junbo Zhao
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
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16
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Lattouf E, Anttalainen O, Hecht O, Ungethüm B, Kotiaho T, Hakulinen H, Vanninen P, Eiceman G. Quantitative Distributions of Product Ions and Reaction Times with a Binary Mixture of VOCs in Ambient Pressure Chemical Ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37452772 PMCID: PMC10401699 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A model to quantitatively predict ion abundances from atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) between hydrated protons and a volatile organic compound (VOC) was extended to binary mixtures of VOCs. The model includes differences in vapor concentrations, rate coefficients, and reaction times and is enhanced with cross reactions between neutral vapors and protonated monomers. In this model, two specific VOCs were considered, a ketone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (M, and an amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-pyridine (N), with measured "conditional rate coefficients" (in cm3·s-1) of kM = 1.11 × 10-9 and kN = 9.17 × 10-10, respectively. The cross reaction of MH+(H2O)x to NH+(H2O)y was measured as kcr = 1.31 × 10-12 at 60 °C. Cross reactions showed an impact on ion abundances at t > 30 ms for equal vapor concentrations of 100 ppb for M and N. In contrast, this impact was negligible for vapor concentrations of 1 ppb and did not exceed 5% change in product ion abundance up to 1000 ms reaction times. The model was validated with laboratory measurements to within ∼10% using an ion mobility spectrometer and effective reaction time obtained from computational fitting of experimental findings. This was necessitated by complex flow patterns in the ion source volume and was determined as ∼10.5 ms. The model has interpretative and predictive value for quantitative analysis of responses with ambient pressure ion sources for mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Lattouf
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Anttalainen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oliver Hecht
- AIRSENSE Analytics Gmbh, Hagenower Straße 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Bert Ungethüm
- AIRSENSE Analytics Gmbh, Hagenower Straße 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Tapio Kotiaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology and Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Hakulinen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gary Eiceman
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- New Mexico State University, 1175 N Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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17
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Zhang DX, Wang MY, Lin WB, Qu S, Ji L, Xu C, Kan H, Dong K. Recent advances in emerging application of functional materials in sample pretreatment methods for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant growth regulators: A mini-review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464130. [PMID: 37302252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are a class of small molecular compounds, which can remarkably affect the physiological process of plants. The complex plant matrix along with a wide polarity range and unstable chemical properties of PGRs hinder their trace analysis. In order to obtain a reliable and accurate result, a sample pretreatment process must be carried out, including eliminating the interference of the matrix effect and pre-concentrating the analytes. In recent years, the research of functional materials in sample pretreatment has experienced rapid growth. This review comprehensively overviews recent development in functional materials covering one-dimensional materials, two-dimensional materials, and three-dimensional materials applied in the pretreatment of PGRs before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Besides, the advantages and limitations of the above functionalized enrichment materials are discussed, and their future trends have been prospected. The work could be helpful to bring new insights for researchers engaged in functional materials in sample pretreatment of PGRs based on LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Lin
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Qu
- Biology Institute of Jilin province, 1244 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ji
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Kan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
| | - Kai Dong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
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18
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Guo X, Wang X, Tian C, Dai J, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Development of mass spectrometry imaging techniques and its latest applications. Talanta 2023; 264:124721. [PMID: 37271004 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a novel molecular imaging technology that collects molecular information from the surface of samples in situ. The spatial distribution and relative content of various compounds can be visualized simultaneously with high spatial resolution. The prominent advantages of MSI promote the active development of ionization technology and its broader applications in diverse fields. This article first gives a brief introduction to the vital parts of the processes during MSI. On this basis, provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant MS-based imaging techniques from their mechanisms, pros and cons, and applications. In addition, a critical issue in MSI, matrix effects is also discussed. Then, the representative applications of MSI in biological, forensic, and environmental fields in the past 5 years have been summarized, with a focus on various types of analytes (e.g., proteins, lipids, polymers, etc.) Finally, the challenges and further perspectives of MSI are proposed and concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Caiyan Tian
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Aliben Science and Technology Company Limited, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | | | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China; Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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19
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Zhai W, Qiao Z, Xiang P, Dang Y, Shi Y. A UPLC-MS/MS methodological approach for the analysis of 75 phenethylamines and their derivatives in hair. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115367. [PMID: 37018959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the targeted analysis of 75 phenethylamines and their derivatives from the hair matrix. The monitored classes of phenethylamines included the 2C series, D series, N-benzyl derivatives, mescaline-derived compounds, MDMA analogs, and benzodifurans. Approximately 20 mg of hair was weighed and pulverized with 0.1% formic acid in methanol by cryogenic grinding. After ultrasonication, centrifugation, and filtration, the supernatant was analyzed by LC-MS/MS operating in the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode. Phenethylamines and their derivatives were separated in 13 min on a biphenyl column (2.6 µm, 100 Å, 100 × 3.0 mm) using a gradient eluting mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The developed and validated method showed good selectivity, sensitivity (LOD: 0.5-10 pg/mg and LOQ: 1-20 pg/mg), linearity (R2 > 0.997), accuracy and precision (< 20%), and stability. The method also showed good recovery and acceptable matrix effects for most of the targeted compounds. This analytical approach was successfully applied for the identification and quantification of phenethylamines in hair from authentic forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhai
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Palayer M, Chaussenery-Lorentz O, Boubekeur L, Urbina T, Maury E, Maubert MA, Pilon A, Bourgogne E. Quantitation of 10 antibiotics in plasma: sulfosalicylic acid combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS is a robust assay for beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123685. [PMID: 37023569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics is particularly important in populations with high pharmacokinetic variabilities, such as critically ill patients, leading to unpredictable plasma concentrations and clinical outcomes. Here, we i) describe an original method for the simultaneous quantification of ten antibiotics (cefepime, ceftazidime, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, linezolid) using 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SSA) solution for protein precipitation together with 2D-LC-MS/MS, and ii) evaluate its impact in a one-year retrospective study. The method involved simple dilution with an aqueous mix of deuterated internal standards and plasma protein precipitation with SSA. Twenty microliters of the supernatant was injected into a C8 SPE online cartridge (30 × 2.1 mm) without any evaporation step and back-flushed onto a C18 UHPLC (100 × 2.1 mm) analytical column. Mass spectrometry detection (Xevo TQD) was performed in positive electrospray, in scheduled MRM mode. Overall analytical runtime was 7 min. Due to analytical constraints and the physicochemical properties of the antibiotics, protein precipitation using organic solvents could not be applied. As an alternative, SSA used with 2D-LC offered various advantages: i) lack of dilution resulting in better assay sensitivity, and ii) good chromatography of hydrophilic compounds. Ten microliters of 30% SSA in water eliminated>90% of plasma proteins, including the most abundant high molecular weight proteins at 55 and 72 kDa. The assay was successfully validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines for all the antibiotics, and the coefficients of variation of the quality control (QC) run during sample analysis over one year were below 10%, whatever the QC levels or the antibiotics. The use of 2D-LC combined with SSA precipitation allowed development of a robust, sensitive and rapid quantification assay. Feedback to clinicians was reduced to 24 h, thus allowing rapid dosage adjustment. During one year, 3,304 determinations were performed in our laboratory: 41% were not in the therapeutic range, 58% of which were sub-therapeutic, underlining the importance of early TDM of antibiotics to limit therapeutic failures and the emergence of bacterial resistance.
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21
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Development and application of a rapid screening and quantification method for multi-class herbicide residues in fishery products using UPLC-Q-Tof-MS/MS: Evidence for prometryn residues in shellfish. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Structure identification of the oligosaccharides by UPLC-MS/MS. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Lee DH, Kim YH, Baek M, Heo IK, Shin Y. Simultaneous determination of L-tryptophan impurities in meat products. Amino Acids 2023; 55:173-182. [PMID: 36588144 PMCID: PMC9950155 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
L-tryptophan has been used as a feed additive for swine and poultry and as a nutrient supplement for humans. However, some impurities in L-tryptophan have been reported as causative components of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Therefore, from a safety perspective, it is important to analyze meat samples for these impurities. This study aims to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous detection of L-tryptophan impurities in meat products using LC-MS/MS. Among the various impurities, detection methods for (S)-2-amino-3-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (5-hydroxytryptophan) (HTP), 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA), 3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]-indole-2-carboxylic acid (PIC), and 1,1'-ethylidenebistryptophan (EBT) and 2-(3-indoylmethyl)-L-tryptophan (IMT) were developed. The developed method allowed simultaneous determination of these four impurities in 5 min. No interferences from the matrix were observed, and the method showed good sensitivity to each analyte. The method detection limit and limit of quantification in meat matrices were below 11.2 and 35.7 μg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hee Lee
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16495, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mina Baek
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495 Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Heo
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonguk Shin
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495 Republic of Korea
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Weber R, Kaeslin J, Moeller S, Perkins N, Micic S, Moeller A. Effects of a Volatile Organic Compound Filter on Breath Profiles Measured by Secondary Electrospray High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010045. [PMID: 36615240 PMCID: PMC9822030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the ambient air potentially influence on-line breath analysis measurements by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). The aim of this study was to investigate how inhaling through a VOC filter affects the detected breath profiles and whether it is feasible to integrate such filters into routine measurements. A total of 24 adult participants performed paired breath analysis measurements with and without the use of an activated carbon filter for inspiration. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) and the Bland−Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the two methods. Additionally, the effect on a selection of known metabolites and contaminants was analyzed. Out of all the detected features, 78.3% showed at least a moderate agreement before and after filter usage (CCC > 0.9). The decrease in agreement of the remaining m/z features was mostly associated with reduced signal intensities after filter usage. Although a moderate-to-substantial concordance was found for almost 80% of the m/z features, the filter still had an effect by decreasing signal intensities, not only for contaminants, but also for some of the studied metabolites. Operationally, the use of the filter complicated and slowed down the conductance of measurements, limiting its applicability in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Weber
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Kaeslin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srdjan Micic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.)
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25
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Zhou HM, Bao YF, Huang WP, Yin DQ, Hu XL. Simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish plasma by solid phase extraction coupled with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4128-4140. [PMID: 36099359 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase extraction combined with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish plasma. The strong anion exchange/primary-secondary amine cartridge and the mixed cation exchange cartridge were used in tandem instead of using a single mixed cation exchange cartridge for sample purification. Suitable eluents were selected for each of the two cartridges: 4.5% ammonia/acetonitrile solution for cartridges in tandem and acetone:n-hexane (V:V = 3:7) for the strong anion exchange/primary-secondary amine cartridge alone. With this optimized Solid phase extraction method, the recoveries of 31 endocrine disrupting chemicals were between 43.0% and 131.3%, the method detection limits were 0.45 to 1.35 ng/mL, and the limits of quantitation were 1.50 to 4.50 ng/mL. The innovative pretreatment method that connects two cartridges in tandem is well positioned to mitigate the matrix effects of fish plasma, thereby improving the accuracy of multiclass endocrine disrupting chemicals determination. The significance of this method is to facilitate the application of the fish plasma model for the environmental risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da-Qiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xia-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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26
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Na TW, Seo HJ, Jang SN, Kim H, Yun H, Kim H, Ahn J, Cho H, Hong SH, Kim HJ, Lee SH. Multi-residue analytical method for detecting pesticides, veterinary drugs, and mycotoxins in feed using liquid- and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Huang SY, Pierre VC. Achieving Selectivity for Phosphate over Pyrophosphate in Ethanol with Iron(III)-Based Fluorescent Probes. JACS AU 2022; 2:1604-1609. [PMID: 35911450 PMCID: PMC9326827 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two iron(III)-based molecular receptors employing 1,2-hydroxypyridinone ligands were developed for phosphate recognition and fluorescence sensing via indicator displacement assay (IDA). The tetra- and pentadentate ligands enable anion recognition by the iron(III) center via its remaining one or two open coordination sites. Weak protective coordination of fluorescein at those sites prevents the formation of μ-oxo dimers in aerated solutions. Its rapid and selective displacement by inorganic phosphate results in a 20-fold increase in the fluorescence of the indicator. Both receptors exhibit high affinity for inorganic phosphate and high selectivity over common competing anions, including halides, acetate, carbonate, and, remarkably, pyrophosphate as well as arsenate. Coordination of phosphate to the iron(III) center was confirmed by ATR-IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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28
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Zhao W, Zhang J, Feng A, Yin H, Liu C, Pan Y. Rapid Quantification of Endogenous Steroids in Human Serum Using Leidenfrost Effect-Assisted Thermal Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1250-1259. [PMID: 35748155 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unconjugated sex steroids in human serum play a crucial role in physiological and pathological studies and are frequently considered as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Because of their low polarity, poor volatility, and low concentration, the rapid and highly sensitive analysis of sex steroids in real serum matrix by ambient mass spectrometry is still challenging. Here, Leidenfrost effect-assisted thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization orbitrap mass spectrometry (LETD-APPI-MS) was developed and applied to quantify free sex steroids in human serum without derivatization and chromatography separation within a few minutes. The concentration of target analyte could be increased by approximately two orders during the LETD process. The limit of quantifications and detections of endogenous sex steroids in human serum were measured at the ppt level. In contrast with commonly used immunoassays in clinical laboratories, LETD-APPI-MS enables the accurate measurements of multiple free sex steroids without the interference of cross-reactions. The endogenous sex steroids of 38 female serums at four physiological stages during pregnancy were rapidly tested by LETD-APPI-MS, whose results were highly consistent with that using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS), indicating LETD-APPI-MS has a strong clinical application potential in steroid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Airong Feng
- Instruments center for physical science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments center for physical science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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29
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Biochemical diagnosis of aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) by assay of AADC activity in plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 32:100888. [PMID: 35769135 PMCID: PMC9234702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC, EC 4.1.1.28) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, oculogyric crises, autonomic dysfunction and other problems, caused by biallelic mutations in the DDC gene leading to deficient activity of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the formation of important neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. A clinical development program of gene therapy for AADC deficiency is ongoing. An important step for the success of this therapy is the early and precise identification of the affected individuals, but it has been estimated that around 90% of the cases remain undiagnosed. The availability measurement of the AADC activity is mandatory for an accurate biochemical diagnosis. Based on these statements, our objectives were to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method suitable for the determination of the AADC activity, and to evaluate its capacity to confirm the deficiency of AADC in potential patients in Brazil. The AADC activities were measured in plasma samples of seven AADC deficient patients and 35 healthy controls, after enzymatic reaction and LC-MS/MS analysis of dopamine, the main reaction product. The results obtained showed clear discrimination between confirmed AADC deficient patients and healthy controls. The method presented here could be incorporated in the IEM laboratories for confirmation of the diagnosis of when a suspicion of AADC deficiency is present due to clinical signs and/or abnormal biomarkers, including when an increased level of 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) is found in dried blood spots (DBS) samples from high-risk patients or from newborn screening programs.
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30
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K, Staniszewska M. Quantification of nicotinic acid, kynurenine, and kynurenine acid in poultry meat by validated liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Nelson AR, Toyoda J, Chu RK, Tolić N, Garayburu-Caruso VA, Saup CM, Renteria L, Wells JR, Stegen JC, Wilkins MJ, Danczak RE. Implications of sample treatment on characterization of riverine dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:773-782. [PMID: 35416230 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry techniques are widely used in the environmental sciences to characterize natural organic matter and, when utilizing these instruments, researchers must make multiple decisions regarding sample pre-treatment and the instrument ionization mode. To identify how these choices alter organic matter characterization and resulting conclusions, we analyzed a collection of 17 riverine samples from East River, CO (USA) under four PPL-based Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) treatment and electrospray ionization polarity (e.g., positive and negative) combinations: SPE (+), SPE (-), non-SPE (-), and non-SPE (+). The greatest number of formula assignments were achieved with SPE-treated samples due to the removal of compounds that could interfere with ionization. Furthermore, the SPE (-) treatment captured the most formulas across the widest chemical compound diversity. In addition to a reduced number of assigned formulas, the non-SPE datasets resulted in altered thermodynamic interpretations that could cascade into incomplete assumptions about the availability of organic matter pools for heterotrophic microbial respiration. Thus, we infer that the SPE (-) treatment is the best single method for characterizing environmental organic matter pools unless the focus is on lipid-like compounds, in which case we recommend a combination of SPE (-) and SPE (+) to adequately characterize these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Toyoda
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Nikola Tolić
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | | | - Lupita Renteria
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Wells
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
| | - James C Stegen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
| | | | - Robert E Danczak
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
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32
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Degreef M, Berry EM, Covaci A, Maudens KE, van Nuijs AL. Qualitative and semi-quantitative screening of selected psychoactive substances in blood: Usefulness of liquid chromatography – triple quadrupole and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in routine toxicological analyses. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Matsushima M, Tanihata S, Kusakabe J, Okahira M, Ito H, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto R, Kawabe T. Correlation of theophylline levels in rat exhaled breath and lung tissue after its intravenous injection. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35483336 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac6b4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is important to know the drug level in the target tissue to determine its dose. Some methods rely on blood levels of a drug to estimate its concentration in the tissues, which can be inaccurate. We thought that drug levels in exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) to give a more accurate value of the level of a test drug in the lung. Rats were intravenously injected with the bronchodilator theophylline and exhaled breath was collected up to 10-20 min after administration. Immediately after breath collection, lung, liver, kidney, and blood were collected and the pharmacokinetics were examined using these samples. Awake free-moving rats were used to efficiently collect exhaled breath from rats with low tidal volume. The amount of exhaled breath of rats was estimated by the amount of exhaled water vapor, and the drug concentration in exhaled breath sample was expressed by the amount of water vapor as the denominator. By using the active sampling method in which the adsorbent is sucked by a pump, theophylline in rat exhaled breath could be measured accurately. When the correlation of theophylline concentration in each sample was examined, a high correlation (r2= 0.74) was found only in exhaled breath and lung tissue. EBA was considered better than blood in pharmacokinetic analysis of lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Matsushima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya Univerisity, 1-20 Daikou-minami 1-chome, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, JAPAN
| | - Souma Tanihata
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Junpei Kusakabe
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Momoha Okahira
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Kasugai, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Chubu University School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, JAPAN
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya Univerisity, 1-20 Daikou-minami 1-chome, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, JAPAN
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34
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Thomas MJ, Chan HYH, Palacio Lozano DC, Barrow MP. Solvent and Flow Rate Effects on the Observed Compositional Profiles and the Relative Intensities of Radical and Protonated Species in Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4954-4960. [PMID: 35286808 PMCID: PMC8969439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation and instrument parameters have regularly been demonstrated to impact upon the observed results in atmospheric pressure photoionization, mass spectrometry (MS), and analytical techniques in general but may be overlooked when such methods are applied to the characterization of real-world samples. An initial investigation into different solvent systems demonstrated that the inclusion of ethyl acetate inverted the ratio of relative intensities of radical and protonated species (R/P). Design of experiments was performed and indicated that the injection flow rate is also a significant factor. The impact of the solvent system and flow rate on signal intensity, the observed compositional profile, and R/P of selected molecular groups is demonstrated further. An inversion of R/P is observed at higher flow rates in solvent systems commonly used in petroleomics studies, effecting a loss of molecular speciation. The findings presented reiterate the critical importance in considering experimental parameters when interpreting the results of analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Thomas
- Molecular Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England
| | - Ho Yi Holly Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England
| | | | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England
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35
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Yu J, Liu F, Deng Z, Shi Z, Zhang J, Wang Q, Yang J, Hu H, Qin Z, Tang Z. Insights into a Low-Rank Naomaohu Coal Structural Information by Multistage Fractions Coupled with LIAD-VUVPI-TOFMS. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6935-6943. [PMID: 35252685 PMCID: PMC8892474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In-depth insights into the chemical composition and structural information of coal are an effective way to improve the efficiency of coal utilization. Laser-induced acoustic desorption coupling with vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LIAD-VUVPI-TOFMS) was applied to structural characterization of cyclohexane extracts of low-rank Naomaohu coal. The characterization of four types (12 model compounds) of mixed coal model compounds (three compounds per category)-saturated hydrocarbons, substitute aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic heteroatom rings-demonstrated that the approach can provide intact molecular weight information. The cyclohexanone extract (E CYC) was obtained by microwave-assisted extraction and separated into four group components (F1-4) by column chromatography to achieve component classification and simplify analysis. The molecular weight and structure were obtained by LIAD-VUVPI-TOFMS and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, combined with microwave-assisted extraction and column chromatography to separate product characteristics. Chemical components of a total of 248 species were observed, of which 46 are derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons embedded in the coal skeleton structure, 132 species are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons embedded in the coal skeleton structure, 61 are derived from possible coal skeleton units (compounds have obvious stacking and bonding effects), and 9 could not be determined (aromatic hydrocarbons or a possible coal skeleton structure unit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fanggang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zefeng Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zaifa Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiangle Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology,
School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Haoquan Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology,
School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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36
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Shen Y, Gao M, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhong J, Lu L, Zhang Z. Role of Isotope Internal Standards and Matrix-matched Curves in the Analysis of Metribuzin and Its Metabolite Residues in Potato Tuber. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Muehlwald S, Meyburg N, Rohn S, Buchner N. A Comparison between a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography System and a Traditional QuEChERS-LC Method with Regard to Matrix Removal and Matrix Effects in Pesticide Analysis Using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15005-15019. [PMID: 34855392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fully automated two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system was used for the investigation of the clean-up effect and was compared with a traditional Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) liquid chromatography (LC) method. The focus of those investigations was on negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. For that purpose, matrix fingerprinting profiles were created. The results allowed a comparison of both methods regarding the estimation of the number and the polarity of detected compounds. Moreover, the results of the present study were compared with the results generated in positive ESI mode (presented in a previous study). Furthermore, the two methods were compared with regard to matrix effects (ME) of 321 analytes in positive ESI mode and 96 analytes in negative ESI mode. In general, fewer compounds could be detected when 2D-LC and/or the negative ESI mode was used. Especially, very polar compounds with m/z values >1000 could be separated and could not be detected anymore when 2D-LC was applied. Furthermore, the best results were obtained for most analytes when 2D-LC was used, although the extent of ME seemed to be higher with 2D-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muehlwald
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Meyburg
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Buchner
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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38
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A Combination of Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Systems (UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS), Modified QuEChERS Extraction and Mixed-Mode SPE Clean-Up Method for the Analysis of 656 Pesticide Residues in Rice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102455. [PMID: 34681502 PMCID: PMC8536010 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging ungovernable application of pesticides in rice farming has attracted public concerns as these hazardous chemicals leave long-lasting environmental impacts and cause severe health effects. Here, an optimized analytical method was proposed for the measurement of 656 pesticide residues in rice samples collected in Vietnam. We utilized chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry systems (UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS) combined with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method and adopted a mixed-mode SPE clean-up method for the analysis. The results showed that a total of 341 and 315 compounds were determined by UPLC- and GC-MS/MS, respectively. Usage of 10 mL MeCN, 5 mL H2O and 1% glacial acetic acid as extraction solvent outperformed other mixtures in purifying the analytes from the sample matrix. Besides, pressure swing adsorption connected to a C18 cartridge with C18 placed on top exhibited remarkably more extracted compounds of high recovery which resulted in 299 and 318 compounds with recovery ranging from 70 to 120% in GC- and UPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Our optimized protocols also resulted in maximal limits of quantification of 10 μg Kg−1 in both MS methods with repeatability and reproducibility less than 20%. Application of validated method on 20 rice samples collected in Hanoi, Vietnam showed that 14 samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide, and insecticide was the most detected group. Overall, the compliance of all method validation parameters to SANTE/12682/2019 Guideline demonstrates that this protocol can be employed for the effective management of Vietnam’s rice in accordance with international requirements.
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Nasiri A, Jahani R, Mokhtari S, Yazdanpanah H, Daraei B, Faizi M, Kobarfard F. Overview, consequences, and strategies for overcoming matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: a critical review. Analyst 2021; 146:6049-6063. [PMID: 34546235 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique is widely applied to routine analysis in many matrices. Despite the enormous application of LC/MS, this technique is subjected to drawbacks called matrix effects (MEs) that could lead to ion suppression or ion enhancement. This phenomenon can exert a deleterious impact on the ionization efficacy of an analyte and subsequently on the important method performance parameters. LC-MS susceptibility to MEs is the main challenge of this technique in the analysis of complex matrices such as biological and food samples. Nowadays, the assessment, estimation, and overcoming of the MEs before developing a method is mandatory in any analysis. Two main approaches including the post-column infusion and post-extraction spike are proposed to determine the degree of MEs. Different strategies can be adopted to reduce or eliminate MEs depending on the complexity of the matrix. This could be done by improving extraction and clean-up methods, changing the type of ionization employed, optimization of liquid chromatography conditions, and using corrective calibration methods. This review article will provide an overview of the MEs as the Achilles heel of the LC-MS technique, the causes of ME occurrence, their consequences, and systemic approaches towards overcoming MEs during LC-MS-based multi-analyte procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nasiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jahani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaya Mokhtari
- Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Validation of enantioseparation and quantitation of an active metabolite of abrocitinib in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1477-1486. [PMID: 34601943 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: A chiral HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of an active metabolite (M2) of abrocitinib was validated in human plasma. Methods: Protein precipitation extraction and normal phase LC with baseline separation of five analytes (abrocitinib; isomeric metabolites M1, M2, M3 and M4) were achieved followed by mass spectrometric quantitation of M2 using positive-mode APCI. Results: With a 5-5000 ng/ml assay range using 100 μl K2EDTA aliquot, the assay provided short (17-min) runtime and robust separation up to approximately 330 injections on one column. Interday and intraday accuracy ranged from -6.80% to 13.4%; between-day and within-day precision was ≤10.4%. Conclusion: The method was used in multiple clinical studies, with excellent run passing rate and incurred sample reproducibility.
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Thakur A, Tan Z, Kameyama T, El-Khateeb E, Nagpal S, Malone S, Jamwal R, Nwabufo CK. Bioanalytical strategies in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:434-458. [PMID: 34310243 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1959606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, rapid, and effective bioanalytical method is essential for the determination of the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic parameters that inform the safety and efficacy profile of investigational drugs. The overall goal of bioanalytical method development is to elucidate the procedure and operating conditions under which a method can sufficiently extract, qualify, and/or quantify the analyte(s) of interest and/or their metabolites for the intended purpose. Given the difference in the physicochemical properties of small and large molecule drugs, different strategies need to be adopted for the development of an effective and efficient bioanalytical method. Herein, we provide an overview of different sample preparation strategies, analytical platforms, as well as procedures for achieving high throughput for bioanalysis of small and large molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Thakur
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- Department of Early Clinical Development, dMed-Clinipace, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsubasa Kameyama
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eman El-Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rohitash Jamwal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Guo J, Shen S, Xing S, Yu H, Huan T. ISFrag: De Novo Recognition of In-Source Fragments for Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10243-10250. [PMID: 34270210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In-source fragmentation (ISF) is a naturally occurring phenomenon during electrospray ionization (ESI) in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ISF leads to false metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics, prompting misinterpretation of the underlying biological mechanisms. Conventional metabolomic data cleaning mainly focuses on the annotation of adducts and isotopes, and the recognition of ISF features is mainly based on common neutral losses and the LC coelution pattern. In this work, we recognized three increasingly important patterns of ISF features, including (1) coeluting with their precursor ions, (2) being in the tandem MS (MS2) spectra of their precursor ions, and (3) sharing similar MS2 fragmentation patterns with their precursor ions. Based on these patterns, we developed an R package, ISFrag, to comprehensively recognize all possible ISF features from LC-MS data generated from full-scan, data-dependent acquisition, and data-independent acquisition modes without the assistance of common neutral loss information or MS2 spectral library. Tested using metabolite standards, we achieved a 100% correct recognition of level 1 ISF features and over 80% correct recognition for level 2 ISF features. Further application of ISFrag on untargeted metabolomics data allows us to identify ISF features that can potentially cause false metabolite annotation at an omics-scale. With the help of ISFrag, we performed a systematic investigation of how ISF features are influenced by different MS parameters, including capillary voltage, end plate offset, ion energy, and "collision energy". Our results show that while increasing energies can increase the number of real metabolic features and ISF features, the percentage of ISF features might not necessarily increase. Finally, using ISFrag, we created an ISF pathway to visualize the relationships between multiple ISF features that belong to the same precursor ion. ISFrag is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/HuanLab/ISFrag).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Sam Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
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Kloth R, Khanipour P, Mayrhofer KJJ, Katsounaros I. Implementation of an enclosed ionization interface for the analysis of liquid sample streams with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9091. [PMID: 33786897 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of an interface to analyze liquid sample streams with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is of great interest for coupling various analytical techniques, using non-volatile salts, with MS. Therefore, we devised an enclosed ionization interface and a sample introduction system for the versatile analysis of liquid samples with DART-MS. METHODS The sample introduction system consists of a nebulizer, a spray chamber and a transfer line, while the confined ionization interface is created by implementing a cross-shaped housing between ion source outlet and mass spectrometer inlet. Methodical studies of the effects of various setup parameters on signal intensity and peak shape were conducted, while its diverse applicability was demonstrated by coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of alcohols, organic acids and furanic compounds. RESULTS The confinement of the ionization interface results in a robust setup design with a well-defined ionization region for focusing of the sprayed sample mist. Thereby, an increase in analyte signal intensity by three orders of magnitude and improved signal stability and reproducibility were obtained in comparison with a similar open ionization interface configuration. Additionally, the successful quantification of alcohols could be demonstrated as well as the compatibility of the setup with HPLC gradient elution. CONCLUSIONS A versatile setup design for the analysis of liquid sample streams with DART-MS was devised for monitoring reactions or hyphenating analytics with MS. The design minimizes interferences from the laboratory surroundings as well as allows for safe handling of hazardous and toxic chemicals, which renders it suitable for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Kloth
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Peyman Khanipour
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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Otsuka Y. Direct Liquid Extraction and Ionization Techniques for Understanding Multimolecular Environments in Biological Systems (Secondary Publication). Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2021; 10:A0095. [PMID: 34249586 PMCID: PMC8246329 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of direct liquid extraction using a small volume of solvent and electrospray ionization allows the rapid measurement of complex chemical components in biological samples and visualization of their distribution in tissue sections. This review describes the development of such techniques and their application to biological research since the first reports in the early 2000s. An overview of electrospray ionization, ion suppression in samples, and the acceleration of specific chemical reactions in charged droplets is also presented. Potential future applications for visualizing multimolecular environments in biological systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Otsuka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4–1–8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0012, Japan
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Piendl SK, Schönfelder T, Polack M, Weigelt L, van der Zwaag T, Teutenberg T, Beckert E, Belder D. Integration of segmented microflow chemistry and online HPLC/MS analysis on a microfluidic chip system enabling enantioselective analyses at the nanoliter scale. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2614-2624. [PMID: 34008641 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce an approach to merge droplet microfluidics with an HPLC/MS functionality on a single chip to analyze the contents of individual droplets. This is achieved by a mechanical rotor-stator interface that precisely positions a microstructured PEEK rotor on a microfluidic chip in a pressure-tight manner. The developed full-body fused silica chip, manufactured by selective laser-induced etching, contained a segmented microflow compartment followed by a packed HPLC channel, which were interconnected by the microfluidic PEEK rotor on the fused silica lid with hair-thin through-holes. This enabled the targeted and leakage-free transfer of 10 nL fractions of droplets as small as 25 nL from the segmented microflow channel into the HPLC compartment that operated at pressures of up to 60 bar. In a proof of concept study, this approach was successfully applied to monitor reactions at the nanoliter scale and to distinguish the formed enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian K Piendl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schönfelder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Polack
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura Weigelt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Till van der Zwaag
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Erik Beckert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Tisler S, Pattison DI, Christensen JH. Correction of Matrix Effects for Reliable Non-target Screening LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Wastewater. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8432-8441. [PMID: 34096716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix effects are well-known challenges for accurate and comparable measurements with liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This study describes a three-step method to evaluate and compensate for matrix effects in enriched wastewater extracts using LC ESI-high-resolution MS (HRMS). As a first step, the "dilute and shoot" approach was used to determine the optimal relative enrichment factor (REF) for a direct comparison between wastewater influent (REF 10) and effluent (REF 50) extracts. However, the rapid decrease in the number of non-target compounds detected with increasing dilution leads to the need for a correction of the matrix effect for analyzing samples with higher REFs. As a second step, the observed matrix effect at higher REFs was corrected by the retention time-dependent matrix effect. A new scaling (TiChri scale) of the matrix effect was introduced, which demonstrates that the total ion chromatogram (TIC) predicts the matrix effect as effectively as post-column infusion (PCI) approaches; thus, the average median matrix effect was improved from -65 to 1% for influent (REF 100) and from -46 to -2% for effluent extracts (REF 250). The TIC traces for concentrated (REF 250) influent and effluent samples were successfully used to correct the matrix effects and allowed the extent of micropollutant degradation in three WWTPs to be quantified. As a final step, the residual structure-specific matrix effect was predicted and corrected by quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), which led to a further correction of the matrix effect to 0 ± 7% for 65 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Tisler
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David I Pattison
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Fath V, Lau P, Greve C, Weller P, Kockmann N, Röder T. Simultaneous self-optimisation of yield and purity through successive combination of inline FT-IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry in flow reactions. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSelf-optimisation constitutes a very helpful tool for chemical process development, both in lab and in industrial applications. However, research on the application of model-free autonomous optimisation strategies (based on experimental investigation) for complex reactions of high industrial significance, which involve considerable intermediate and by-product formation, is still in an early stage. This article describes the development of an enhanced autonomous microfluidic reactor platform for organolithium and epoxide reactions that incorporates a successive combination of inline FT-IR spectrometer and online mass spectrometer. Experimental data is collected in real-time and used as feedback for the optimisation algorithms (modified Simplex algorithm and Design of Experiments) without time delay. An efficient approach to handle intricate optimisation problems is presented, where the inline FT-IR measurements are used to monitor the reaction’s main components, whereas the mass spectrometer’s high sensitivity permits insights into the formation of by-products. To demonstrate the platform’s flexibility, optimal reaction conditions of two organic syntheses are identified. Both pose several challenges, as complex reaction mechanisms are involved, leading to a large number of variable parameters, and a considerable amount of by-products is generated under non-ideal process conditions. Through multidimensional real-time optimisation, the platform supersedes labor- and cost-intensive work-up procedures, while diminishing waste generation, too. Thus, it renders production processes more efficient and contributes to their overall sustainability.
Graphical abstract
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Undre N, Hussain I, Meijer J, Stanta J, Swan G, Dawson I. Quantitation of Tacrolimus in Human Whole Blood Samples Using the MITRA Microsampling Device. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:364-370. [PMID: 33149056 PMCID: PMC8115739 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus is a narrow therapeutic index medication, which requires therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize dose on the basis of systemic exposure. MITRA microsampling offers a minimally invasive approach for the collection of capillary blood samples from a fingerprick as an alternative to conventional venous blood sampling for quantitation of tacrolimus concentrations. METHODS A bioanalytical method for the quantitation of tacrolimus in human whole blood samples collected on MITRA tips was developed, using liquid-liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Validation experiments were performed according to the current Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines on validation of bioanalytical methods. Validation criteria included assay specificity and sensitivity, interference, carryover, accuracy, precision, dilution integrity, matrix effect, extraction recovery, effect of hematocrit and hyperlipidemia, and stability. RESULTS All assay validation results were within the required acceptance criteria, indicating a precise and accurate tacrolimus quantitation method. The validated assay range was 1.00-50.0 ng/mL. No interference, carryover or matrix effect was observed. Extraction recovery was acceptable across the assay range. Samples were stable for up to 96 days at -20°C and 20°C, and 28 days at 40°C. Hematocrit, hyperlipidemia, and lot-to-lot differences in the nominal absorption volume of the 10-μL MITRA tips were shown not to influence tacrolimus quantitation by this assay method. CONCLUSIONS The bioanalytical method validated in this study is appropriate and practical for the quantitation of tacrolimus in human whole blood samples collected using the MITRA microsampling device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imran Hussain
- Astellas Pharma Europe, Ltd, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - John Meijer
- Astellas Pharma Europe, B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Gordon Swan
- Covance Laboratories, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Dawson
- Covance Laboratories, Harrogate, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Metabolites have essential roles in microbial communities, including as mediators of nutrient and energy exchange, cell-to-cell communication, and antibiosis. However, detecting and quantifying metabolites and other chemicals in samples having extremes in salt or mineral content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based methods remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a facile method based on in situ chemical derivatization followed by extraction for analysis of metabolites and other chemicals in hypersaline samples, enabling for the first time direct LC-MS-based exometabolomics analysis in sample matrices containing up to 2 M total dissolved salts. The method, MetFish, is applicable to molecules containing amine, carboxylic acid, carbonyl, or hydroxyl functional groups, and it can be integrated into either targeted or untargeted analysis pipelines. In targeted analyses, MetFish provided limits of quantification as low as 1 nM, broad linear dynamic ranges (up to 5 to 6 orders of magnitude) with excellent linearity, and low median interday reproducibility (e.g., 2.6%). MetFish was successfully applied in targeted and untargeted exometabolomics analyses of microbial consortia, quantifying amino acid dynamics in the exometabolome during community succession; in situ in a native prairie soil, whose exometabolome was isolated using a hypersaline extraction; and in input and produced fluids from a hydraulically fractured well, identifying dramatic changes in the exometabolome over time in the well. IMPORTANCE The identification and accurate quantification of metabolites using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in hypersaline samples is a challenge due to matrix effects. Clean-up and desalting strategies that typically work well for samples with lower salt concentrations are often ineffective in hypersaline samples. To address this gap, we developed and demonstrated a simple yet sensitive and accurate method—MetFish—using chemical derivatization to enable mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in a variety of hypersaline samples from varied ecosystems and containing up to 2 M dissolved salts.
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Evaluation of strategies for overcoming trifluoroacetic acid ionization suppression resulted in single-column intact level, middle-up, and bottom-up reversed-phase LC-MS analyses of antibody biopharmaceuticals. Talanta 2021; 233:122512. [PMID: 34215127 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of strategies for efficient chromatography and high MS sensitivity in reversed-phase LC-MS analysis of antibody biopharmaceuticals and their large derivates has been evaluated. They included replacing trifluoroacetic acid with alternative acidifiers, relevancy of elevated column temperature, use of dedicated stationary phases, and counteraction of the suppression effect of trifluoroacetic acid in electrospray ionization. At the column temperature of 60 °C, which significantly reduces in-column protein degradation, the BioResolve RP mAb Polyphenyl, BioShell IgG C4 columns performed best using mobile phases with full or partial replacement of trifluoroacetic acid with difluoroacetic acid in the analysis of intact antibodies. Similarly, 0.03% trifluoroacetic acid in combination with 0.07% formic acid is a good alternative in analyzing antibody chains at 60 °C. Collectively, the addition of 3% 1-butanol to the mobile phase acidified with 0.1% formic acid was the most efficient approach to simultaneously achieving good chromatographic separation and MS sensitivity for intact and reduced antibody biopharmaceuticals. Moreover, this mobile phase combined with the BioResolve RP mAb Polyphenyl column was subsequently demonstrated to provide excellent results for peptide mapping of antibody biopharmaceuticals fully comparable with those obtained using a state-of-the-art column for peptide separation, thus opening an avenue for a single-column multilevel analysis of these biotherapeutics.
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