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Wang QQ, Miao L, Zhang H, Wang SQ, Li Q, Sun W. A novel amphiphilic oligopeptide induced the intrafibrillar mineralisation via interacting with collagen and minerals. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2350-2362. [PMID: 32104824 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mineralised collagen fibrils constitute the basic building blocks of bone, dentin and cementum. Noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) that are indispensable for collagen biomineralisation are not commercially available, and the mechanism of intrafibrillar mineralisation remains debatable. Herein, synthetic biomimetic molecules are regarded as alternative candidates for NCPs, and more convenient in revealing the mechanism of intrafibrillar mineralisation in vitro. Here, we fabricated a novel amphiphilic oligopeptide imitating a natural NCP. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the oligopeptide in intrafibrillar mineralisation and partially reveal the corresponding mechanism in vitro. The effectiveness of the oligopeptide in intrafibrillar mineralisation was characterised from the following aspects: (1) mineral interaction, (2) collagen binding and (3) induction of intrafibrillar mineralisation. Results indicated that the self-assembled oligopeptide could attract calcium ions inducing the formation of amorphous precursors; and bind onto the surface of collagen fibrils. These processes were mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds. The self-assembled oligopeptide induced the intrafibrillar mineralisation of reconstituted collagen fibrils, in which the c-axis of apatite crystallites was roughly parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. The collagen mineralisation was achieved by binding with the self-assembled oligopeptide to increase the pool of mineralization precursors available for intrafibrillar mineralisation. In addition, the self-assembled oligopeptide induced dentin collagen remineralisation and formed a 30 μm-thick remineralised layer within 96 h. Our work sheds light on the fabrication of a novel biomimetic molecule for collagen mineralisation. The results should serve as a reference for understanding the mechanism of intrafibrillar mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 30, Central Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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2
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Nuñez J, Vignoletti F, Caffesse RG, Sanz M. Cellular therapy in periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2019; 79:107-116. [PMID: 30892768 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition leading to destruction of the tooth supporting tissues, which if left untreated may cause tooth loss. The treatment of periodontitis mainly aims to arrest the inflammatory process by infection control measures, although in some specific lesions a limited periodontal regeneration can also be attained. Current regenerative approaches are aimed to guide the cells with regenerative capacity to repopulate the lesion and promote new cementum and new connective tissue attachment. The first phase in periodontal tissue regeneration involves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into cementoblasts to promote new cementum, thus facilitating the attachment of new periodontal ligament fibers to the root and the alveolar bone. Current regenerative approaches limit themselves to the confines of the lesion by promoting the self-regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. With the advent of bioengineered therapies, several studies have investigated the potential use of cell therapies, mainly the use of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells combined with different scaffolds. The understanding of the origin and differentiation patterns of these cells is, therefore, important to elucidate their potential therapeutic use and their comparative efficacy with current technologies. This paper aims to review the in vitro and experimental studies using cell therapies based on application of cementoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oral tissues when combined with different scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Nuñez
- Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Vignoletti
- Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul G Caffesse
- Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zhao Z, Li J, Ding XN, Zhou L, Sun DG. ADAM28 dramatically regulates the biological features of human gingival fibroblasts. Odontology 2018; 107:333-341. [PMID: 30552542 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was to explore the effects of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28 (ADAM28) on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and probable mechanism. After ADAM28 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) and sense oligodeoxynucleotide (S-ODN) were transfected into HGFs by Lipofectamine 2000, respectively, the expression discrepancies of ADAM28 among various groups were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting. Methabenzthiazuron (MTT) and cell-cycle assays were used to test the HGFs proliferation activity. Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) analysis were performed separately to measure apoptosis and the cytodifferentiation standard. Immunocytochemistry and Western-blotting were carried out to determine the influence of ADAM28 AS-ODN on HGFs expressing core binding factor α1 (Cbfα1), cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), osteopontin (OPN) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1). The AS-ODN group displayed the lowest expression level in HGFs, meanwhile the ADAM28 S-ODN group showed the highest. Furthermore, blocking of ADAM28 could inhibit the proliferation of HGFs, enhance HGFs differentiation and induce apoptosis of HGFs. Whereas, overexpression of ADAM28 generated the opposite effects and inhibited apoptosis. ADAM28 AS-ODN was able to notably suppress the expressions of Cbfα1 and CEMP1, and ADAM28 had positive correlations with cbfα1 and CEMP1. These provided conspicuous evidence that ADAM28 may play a crucial role in root development as a potential regulator of growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, No.17 De-xian Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, No.17 De-xian Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Na Ding
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, No.17 De-xian Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, No.17 De-xian Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Gang Sun
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, No.17 De-xian Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Villegas-Mercado CE, Agredano-Moreno LT, Bermúdez M, Segura-Valdez ML, Arzate H, Del Toro-Rangel EF, Jiménez-García LF. Cementum protein 1 transfection does not lead to ultrastructural changes in nucleolar organization of human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:636-642. [PMID: 29704248 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transfection of cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) into human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) notably increases cell metabolism and results in overexpression of molecules related to biomineralization at transcriptional and protein levels. Therefore, HGF-CEMP1 cells are considered as putative cementoblasts. This represents a significant advance in periodontal research because cementum neoformation is a key event in periodontal regeneration. In addition, it is well known that important changes in cell metabolism and protein expression are related to nucleolar structure and the function of this organelle, which is implicated in ribosome biogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transfecting CEMP1 gene in human HGF on the ultrastructure of the nucleolus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were processed using the conventional technique for transmission electron microscopy, fixed with glutaraldehyde, postfixed with osmium tetraoxide, and embedded in epoxy resin. Semi-thin sections were stained with Toluidine blue and observed by light microscopy. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. For ribonucleoprotein detection, the staining method based on the regressive effect of EDTA was used. In addition, the osmium ammine technique was used for specific staining of DNA. RESULTS The results obtained in this study suggest that transfection of CEMP1 into HGFs does not produce changes in the general nucleolar ultrastructure because the different components of the organelle are present as fibrillary centers, and dense fibrillar and granular components compared with the control. CONCLUSION The transfection of CEMP1 into HGFs allows these cells to perform cementoblast-like functions without alteration of the ultrastructure of the nucleolus, evaluated by the presence of the different compartments of this organelle involved in ribosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Villegas-Mercado
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - L T Agredano-Moreno
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Bermúdez
- School of Higher Education of Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M L Segura-Valdez
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H Arzate
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, DEPeI, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - E F Del Toro-Rangel
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - L F Jiménez-García
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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5
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Yu M, Wang L, Ba P, Li L, Sun L, Duan X, Yang P, Yang C, Sun Q. Osteoblast Progenitors Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e159-e168. [PMID: 28517970 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblasts and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in maintaining physiologic function of periodontal tissues and participating in periodontal regeneration. Elucidation of interactions between osteoblasts and PDLSCs will aid understanding of periodontal regeneration mechanisms. This study aims to determine whether preosteoblasts can promote osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs. METHODS PDLSCs were cultured alone (control group), or cocultured indirectly with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) (HGFs group) or MC3T3-E1 cells (OB groups). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene/protein expressions levels of ALP, runt-related transcription factor-2, and osteopontin (OPN) were assessed. Cementum attachment protein and cementum protein 23 messenger RNA expressions were also evaluated. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 secreted by HGFs/MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Extracellular matrix calcification was measured by staining to quantify calcium content. RESULTS ALP activity and gene/protein expression levels of osteogenic markers were significantly higher in the OB groups compared with the HGFs and control groups. Optimal enhancement of these parameters occurred at cell ratios of 2:1 to 1:1 (MC3T3-E1:PDLSCs). Mineralized nodule formation and calcium content were significantly increased in the OB groups compared with the HGF and control groups. The greatest improvement took place at the 2:1 (MC3T3-E1:PDLSCs) seeding ratio. BMP-2 from MC3T3-E1-conditioned medium was significantly and time-dependently increased compared with that from HGF-conditioned medium. CONCLUSION Preosteoblasts can indirectly enhance the osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs with an optimal preosteoblasts:PDLSCs ratio in the range of 2:1 to 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Pengfei Ba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Linxia Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Prosthodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Long Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Xiaoqi Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University.,Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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6
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Chen X, Liu Y, Miao L, Wang Y, Ren S, Yang X, Hu Y, Sun W. Controlled release of recombinant human cementum protein 1 from electrospun multiphasic scaffold for cementum regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3145-58. [PMID: 27471382 PMCID: PMC4948698 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a major cause for tooth loss, which affects about 15% of the adult population. Cementum regeneration has been the crux of constructing the periodontal complex. Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) is a cementum-specific protein that can induce cementogenic differentiation. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles were prepared by wet-chemical method and then loaded with recombinant human CEMP1 (rhCEMP1) for controlled release. An electrospun multiphasic scaffold constituted of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), type I collagen (COL), and rhCEMP1/ACP was fabricated. The effects of rhCEMP1/ACP/PCL/COL scaffold on the attachment proliferation, osteogenic, and cementogenic differentiations of human periodontal ligament cells, (PDLCs) were systematically investigated. A critical size defect rat model was introduced to evaluate the effect of tissue regeneration of the scaffolds in vivo. The results showed that PEG-stabilized ACP nanoparticles formed a core-shell structure with sustained release of rhCEMP1 for up to 4 weeks. rhCEMP1/ACP/PCL/COL scaffold could suppress PDLCs proliferation behavior and upregulate the expression of cementoblastic markers including CEMP1 and cementum attachment protein while downregulating osteoblastic markers including osteocalcin and osteopontin when it was cocultured with PDLCs in vitro for 7 days. Histology analysis of cementum after being implanted with the scaffold in rats for 8 weeks showed that there was cementum-like tissue formation but little bone formation. These results indicated the potential of using electrospun multiphasic scaffolds for controlled release of rhCEMP1 for promoting cementum regeneration in reconstruction of the periodontal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro Structure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen X, Liu Y, Yang J, Wu W, Miao L, Yu Y, Yang X, Sun W. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite with different crystallinities by controlling the concentration of recombinant CEMP1 for biological application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:384-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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High-level expression and characterization of a glycosylated human cementum protein 1 with lectin activity. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:129-38. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Arzate H, Zeichner-David M, Mercado-Celis G. Cementum proteins: role in cementogenesis, biomineralization, periodontium formation and regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:211-33. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Choi H, Jin H, Kim JY, Lim KT, Choung HW, Park JY, Chung JH, Choung PH. Hypoxia promotes CEMP1 expression and induces cementoblastic differentiation of human dental stem cells in an HIF-1-dependent manner. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:410-23. [PMID: 24117017 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cementum covering the tooth root provides attachment for the tooth proper to the surrounding alveolar bone via non-mineralized periodontal ligament (PDL). Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) has been shown to induce a cementoblastic phenotype in cementoblast precursors cells of PDL. Oxygen availability is a critical signal for correct development of many tissues; however, its role in tooth root and periodontium development remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that reduced oxygen tension increased CEMP1 expression, mineral deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity in human dental stem cells such as PDL stem cells and periapical follicular stem cells. Since an oxemic state is transduced by the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), we performed experiments to determine whether this protein was responsible for the observed changes. We noted that when HIF-1 was activated by gene introduction or chemically, CEMP1 expression and mineralization increased. In contrast, when HIF-1α was silenced, CEMP1 expression and mineralization did not increase in vitro. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that mouse tooth root and periodontium development occurs partly under hypoxic conditions, particularly at the apical part and latently at the PDL space in vivo. Desferrioxamine, an HIF-1 stimulator, enhances CEMP1 expression in the mouse PDL space, suggesting that hypoxia affects cementogenesis of PDL cells lining the surface of the developing tooth root in an HIF-1-dependent manner. These results suggest that HIF-1 activators may have the ability to stimulate regeneration of the tooth root and cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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11
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Maldonado S, Romo E, Serrano J, Pérez A, Guerra C, Zeichner-David M, Mercado G, Arzate H. Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) activates p38 and JNK during the mineralisation process by cementoblast-like cells in vitro. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cbi3.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Enrique Romo
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Janeth Serrano
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades; Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Mercado
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Higinio Arzate
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico D.F. Mexico
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12
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Bone regeneration in rat cranium critical-size defects induced by Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1). PLoS One 2013; 8:e78807. [PMID: 24265720 PMCID: PMC3827101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches to bone and periodontal tissue engineering are being widely explored. While localized delivery of osteogenic factors like BMPs is attractive for promotion of bone regeneration; method of delivery, dosage and side effects could limit this approach. A novel protein, Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1), has recently been shown to promote regeneration of periodontal tissues. In order to address the possibility that CEMP1 can be used to regenerate other types of bone, experiments were designed to test the effect of hrCEMP1 in the repair/regeneration of a rat calvaria critical-size defect. Histological and microcomputed tomography (µCT) analyses of the calvaria defect sites treated with CEMP1 showed that after 16 weeks, hrCEMP1 is able to induce 97% regeneration of the defect. Furthermore, the density and characteristics of the new mineralized tissues were normal for bone. This study demonstrates that hrCEMP1 stimulates bone formation and regeneration and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of bone defects and regeneration of mineralized tissues.
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13
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González Alva P, Gómez Plata E, Arzate H. Localización de las proteínas específicas del cemento radicular CEMP1 y CAP en células neoplásicas. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2013.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Valdés De Hoyos A, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Arzate H, Narayanan AS. Isolation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like member-a variant from cementum. J Dent Res 2011; 91:203-9. [PMID: 22067203 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511428155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum has been shown to contain unique polypeptides that participate in cell recruitment and differentiation during cementum formation. We report the isolation of a cDNA variant for protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine) member-a (PTPLA) from cementum. A cementifying fibroma-derived λ-ZAP expression library was screened by panning with a monoclonal antibody to cementum attachment protein (CAP), and 1435 bp cDNA (gb AC093525.3) was isolated. This cDNA encodes a 140-amino-acid polypeptide, and its N-terminal 125 amino acids are identical to those of PTPLA. This isoform, designated as PTPLA-CAP, results from a read-through of the PTPLA exon 2 splice donor site, truncating after the second putative transmembrane domain. It contains 15 amino acids encoded within the intron between PTPLA exons 2 and 3, which replace the active site for PTPLA phosphatase activity. The recombinant protein, rhPTPLA-CAP, has Mr 19 kDa and cross-reacts with anti-CAP antibody. Anti-rhPTPLA-CAP antibody immunostained cementum cells, cementum, heart, and liver. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that PTPLA was expressed in all periodontal cells; however, PTPLA-CAP expression was limited to cementum cells. The rhPTPLA-CAP promoted gingival fibroblast attachment. We conclude that PTPLA-CAP is a splice variant of PTPLA, and that, in the periodontium, cementum and cementum cells express this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valdés De Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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15
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Carvalho SM, Oliveira AA, Jardim CA, Melo CB, Gomes DA, de Fátima Leite M, Pereira MM. Characterization and induction of cementoblast cell proliferation by bioactive glass nanoparticles. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:813-21. [DOI: 10.1002/term.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhra M. Carvalho
- Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
| | - Agda A.R. Oliveira
- Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
| | - Camila A. Jardim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
| | - Carolina B.S. Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
| | - Dawidson A. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
| | | | - Marivalda M. Pereira
- Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627; Belo Horizonte; CEP: 31270-901; Brazil
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Nuñez J, Sanz M, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Zeichner-David M, Arzate H. Human cementoblasts express enamel-associated molecules in vitro and in vivo. J Periodontal Res 2011; 45:809-14. [PMID: 20572915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cementum is a mineralized tissue that facilitates the attachment of periodontal ligament to the root and surrounding alveolar bone and plays a key role in the regeneration of periodontal tissues. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblasts, however, have not been elucidated to date. Enamel molecules are believed to regulate cementoblast differentiation and to initiate the formation of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum. The purpose of this study was therefore to isolate and culture human root-derived cells (HRDC) in order to determine whether they are able to express both cementum and specific enamel proteins and subsequently to confirm these findings in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human root-derived cells were isolated and expanded in vitro. Cells were characterized using RT-PCR, immunostaining, western blotting and by examination of total mRNA to determine the expression of cementum and enamel markers. Human periodontal tissues were also examined for the expression of enamel-related proteins by immunostaining. RESULTS We showed that HRDC express mRNA corresponding to ameloblastin (AMBN), amelogenin (AMEL), enamelin (ENAM), tuftelin (TUFT) and cementum-associated molecules such as cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) and cementum attachment protein (CAP). Western blotting revealed that HRDC express both AMEL and AMBN gene products, as well as the cementum markers CEMP1 and CAP. In vivo, we have showed that AMBN and AMEL are expressed by cementoblasts lining cementum, paravascular cells and periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that enamel-associated and cementum-associated proteins could act synergistically in regulating cementoblast differentiation and cementum deposition and offer new approaches on how the cementogenesis process is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nuñez
- Facultad de Odontologa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
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Paula-Silva FWG, Ghosh A, Arzate H, Kapila S, da Silva LAB, Kapila YL. Calcium hydroxide promotes cementogenesis and induces cementoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal periodontal ligament cells in a CEMP1- and ERK-dependent manner. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:144-57. [PMID: 20440482 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal tissue engineering is a complex process requiring the regeneration of bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL). Since cementum regeneration is poorly understood, we used a dog model of dental pulpal necrosis and in vitro cellular wounding and mineralization assays to determine the mechanism of action of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2), in cementogenesis. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by qRT-PCR were used to assay responses of periapical tissues to Ca(OH)(2) treatment. Additionally, viability, proliferation, migration, and mineralization responses of human mesenchymal PDL cells to Ca(OH)(2) were assayed. Finally, biochemical inhibitors and siRNA were used to investigate Ca(OH)(2)-mediated signaling in PDL cell differentiation. In vivo, Ca(OH)(2)-treated teeth formed a neocementum in a STRO-1- and cementum protein-1 (CEMP1)-positive cellular environment. LCM-harvested tissues adjacent to the neocementum exhibited higher mRNA levels for CEMP1, integrin-binding sialoprotein, and Runx2 than central PDL cells. In vitro, Ca(OH)(2) and CEMP1 promoted STRO-1-positive cell proliferation, migration, and wound closure. Ca(OH)(2) stimulated expression of the cementum-specific proteins CEMP1 and PTPLA/CAP in an ERK-dependent manner. Lastly, Ca(OH)(2) stimulated mineralization by CEMP1-positive cells. Blocking CEMP1 and ERK function abolished Ca(OH)(2)-induced mineralization, confirming a role for CEMP1 and ERK in the process. Ca(OH)(2) promotes cementogenesis and recruits STRO-1-positive mesenchymal PDL cells to undergo cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization via a CEMP1- and ERK-dependent pathway.
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Pan K, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ge S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang P. Multilineage differentiation of dental follicle cells and the roles of Runx2 over-expression in enhancing osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression in dental follicle cells. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:219-28. [PMID: 20546240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental follicle cells (DFCs) provide the origin of periodontal tissues, and Runx2 is essential for bone formation and tooth development. In this study, pluripotency of DFCs was evaluated and effects of Runx2 on them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DFCs were induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes, and alizarin red staining, oil red O staining or alcian blue staining was performed to reveal the differentiated states. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and primary mouse fibroblasts served as controls. DFCs were also infected with recombinant retroviruses encoding either full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 without the VWRPY motif. Western blot analysis, real-time real time RT-PCR and in vitro mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the effects of full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 on osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of the cells. RESULTS The above-mentioned staining methods demonstrated that DFCs were successfully induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes respectively, confirming the existence of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells in dental follicle tissues. However, staining intensity in DFC cultures was weaker than in BMSC cultures. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that mutant Runx2 induced a more pronounced increase in expression levels of OC, OPN, Col I and CP23 than full-length Runx2. Mineralization assay also showed that mutant Runx2 increased mineralization nodule formation more prominently than full-length Runx2. CONCLUSIONS Multipotent DFCs can be induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes in vitro. Runx2 over-expression up-regulated expression levels of osteoblast/cementoblast-related genes and in vitro enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In addition, mutant Runx2-induced changes in DFCs were more prominent than those induced by full-length Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pan
- Department of Periodontology and Institute of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kumamoto H. Molecular alterations in the development and progression of odontogenic tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.14.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Villarreal-Ramírez E, Moreno A, Mas-Oliva J, Chávez-Pacheco JL, Narayanan AS, Gil-Chavarría I, Zeichner-David M, Arzate H. Characterization of recombinant human cementum protein 1 (hrCEMP1): Primary role in biomineralization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Analysis of the biomineralization process on SWNT-COOH and F-SWNT films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Carmona-Rodríguez B, Alvarez-Pérez MA, Narayanan AS, Zeichner-David M, Reyes-Gasga J, Molina-Guarneros J, García-Hernández AL, Suárez-Franco JL, Chavarría IG, Villarreal-Ramírez E, Arzate H. Human Cementum Protein 1 induces expression of bone and cementum proteins by human gingival fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:763-9. [PMID: 17509525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently presented evidence showing that a human cementoblastoma-derived protein, named Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1) may play a role as a local regulator of cementoblast differentiation and cementum-matrix mineralization. This protein was shown to be expressed by cementoblasts and progenitor cells localized in the periodontal ligament. In this study we demonstrate that transfection of CEMP1 into human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) induces mineralization and expression of bone and cementum-matrix proteins. The transfected HGF cells had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and proliferation rate and they expressed genes for alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, the transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, and cementum attachment protein (CAP). They also produced biological-type hydroxyapatite. These findings indicate that the CEMP1 might participate in differentiation and mineralization of nonosteogenic cells, and that it might have a potential function in cementum and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
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Alvarez-Pérez MA, Narayanan S, Zeichner-David M, Rodríguez Carmona B, Arzate H. Molecular cloning, expression and immunolocalization of a novel human cementum-derived protein (CP-23). Bone 2006; 38:409-19. [PMID: 16263347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cementum is a unique mineralized connective tissue that covers the root surfaces of the teeth. The cementum is critical for appropriate maturation of the periodontium, both during development as well as that associated with regeneration of periodontal tissues, IU; however, one major impediment to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate periodontal regeneration is the lack of cementum markers. Here we report on the identification and characterization of one such differentially human expressed gene, termed "cementum protein-23" (CP-23) that appears to be periodontal ligament and cementum-specific. We screened human cementum tumor-derived cDNA libraries by transient expression in COS-7 cells and "panning" with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against a cementoblastoma conditioned media-derived protein (CP). One isolated cDNA, CP-23, was expressed in E. coli and polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant human CP-23 were produced. Expression of CP-23 protein by cells of the periodontium was examined by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. Expression of CP-23 transcripts in human cementoblastoma-derived cells, periodontal ligament cells, human gingival fibroblasts and alveolar bone-derived cells was determined by RT-PCR. Our results show that we have isolated a 1374-bp human cDNA containing an open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide with 247 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 25.9 kDa that represents CP species. The recombinant human CP-23 protein cross-reacted with antibodies against CP and type X collagen. Immunoscreening of human periodontal tissues revealed that CP-23 gene product is localized to the cementoid matrix of cementum and cementoblasts throughout the entire surface of the root, cell subpopulations of the periodontal ligament as well as cells located paravascularly to the blood vessels into the periodontal ligament. Furthermore, 98% of putative cementoblasts and 15% of periodontal ligament cells cultured in vitro expressed CP-23 gene product. Cementoblastoma cells and periodontal ligament cells contained a 5.0 kb CP-23 mRNA. In situ hybridization showed strong expression of CP-23 mRNA on cementoblast, cell subpopulations of the periodontal ligament and cells located around blood vessels into the periodontal ligament. Our results demonstrate that CP-23 represents a novel, tissue-specific-gene product being expressed by periodontal ligament subpopulations and cementoblasts. These findings offer the possibility to determine the cellular and molecular events that regulate the cementogenesis process during root development. Furthermore, it might provide new venues for the design of translational studies aimed at achieving predictable new cementogenesis and regeneration of the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 DF, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Resource Centre, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from the elements of the tooth-forming apparatus and are found exclusively within the jawbones. This review represents a contemporary outline of our current understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations associated with the development and progression of odontogenic tumors, including oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, oncoviruses, growth factors, telomerase, cell cycle regulators, apoptosis-related factors, regulators of tooth development, hard tissue-related proteins, cell adhesion molecules, matrix-degrading proteinases, angiogenic factors, and osteolytic cytokines. It is hoped that better understanding of related molecular mechanisms will help to predict the course of odontogenic tumors and lead to the development of new therapeutic concepts for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumamoto
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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