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Nakamura Y, Haraguchi A, Shigeno R, Ito A, Horie I, Kawakami A, Abiru N. A single-arm, open-label, intervention study to investigate the improvement of glucose tolerance after administration of the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the patients with mitochondrial diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25100. [PMID: 33725905 PMCID: PMC7969291 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diabetes mellitus (MDM) is characterized by maternal inheritance, progressive neurosensory deafness, insulin secretory disorder, and progressive microvascular complications. Mitochondria are critical organelles that provide energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An impairment of ATP production in pancreatic β cells is regarded as the main cause of the insulin secretory disorder in patients with MDM, and these patients require insulin replacement therapy early after the diagnosis. The amino acid 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor of heme metabolites, is a non-proteinogenic δ amino acid synthesized in mitochondria. An addition of ferrous iron to 5-ALA enhances heme biosynthesis and increases ATP production through an upregulation of the respiratory complex. Several studies have reported that the administration of 5-ALA and ferrous iron to existing treatment improved the glycemic control in both patients with prediabetes and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The additional administration of 5-ALA and ferrous iron to MDM patients on insulin therapy may improve their insulin secretory capacity and glycemic control by improving their mitochondrial function. The findings of this study are expected to provide new treatment options for MDM and improve the patients' glycemic control and prognosis. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a single-arm, open-label pilot intervention study using clinical endpoints to investigate the effects of treatment with 5-ALA plus sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) to patients with MDM on their glucose tolerance. A total of 5 patients with MDM will be administered 5-ALA/SFC (200 mg/d) for 24 weeks. We will perform a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test before and at 24 weeks after the start of this 5-ALA/SFC treatment to evaluate glucose-dependent insulin responses. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this study will be the first assessment of the effects of 5-ALA/SFC in patients with MDM. This study will obtain an evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of 5-ALA/SFC for patients with MDM. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000040581) on July 1, 2020 and with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs071200025) on August 3, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ai Haraguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Riyoko Shigeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Ito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Horie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mitochondrial DNA Integrity: Role in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020100. [PMID: 30700008 PMCID: PMC6406942 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary cellular location for respiration and energy production, mitochondria serve in a critical capacity to the cell. Yet, by virtue of this very function of respiration, mitochondria are subject to constant oxidative stress that can damage one of the unique features of this organelle, its distinct genome. Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and loss of mitochondrial genome integrity is increasingly understood to play a role in the development of both severe early-onset maladies and chronic age-related diseases. In this article, we review the processes by which mtDNA integrity is maintained, with an emphasis on the repair of oxidative DNA lesions, and the cellular consequences of diminished mitochondrial genome stability.
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Barrett EJ, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, King GL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hughes TM, Craft S, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Vinik AI, Casellini CM. Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4343-4410. [PMID: 29126250 PMCID: PMC5718697 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - George L. King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
| | - Carolina M. Casellini
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
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Zhu J, Yang P, Liu X, Yan L, Rampersad S, Li F, Li H, Sheng C, Cheng X, Zhang M, Qu S. The clinical characteristics of patients with mitochondrial tRNA Leu(UUR)m.3243A > G mutation: Compared with type 1 diabetes and early onset type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1354-1359. [PMID: 28599824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents nine patients with mitochondrial tRNA Leu (UUR) m.3243A>G mutation and compares the clinical characteristics and diabetes complications with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or early onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS The study covers 9 patients with MIDD, 33 patients with T1DM and 86 patients (age of onset ≤35years) with early onset T2DM, matched for sex, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes. All patients with MIDD were confirmed as carrying the m.3243A>G mitochondrial DNA mutation. Serum HbA1c, beta-cell function, retinal and renal complications of diabetes, bone metabolic markers, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD bone mineral density were compared to characterize the clinical features of all patients. RESULTS Nine patients were from five unrelated families, and the mean (SD) onset age of those patients was 31.2±7.2year. Two patients required insulin at presentation, and six patients progressed to insulin requirement after a mean of 7.2years. β-Cell function in the MIDD group was intermediate between T1DM and early-onset T2DM. In MIDD, four patients were diagnosed as diabetic retinopathy (4/9) and five patients (5/9) had macroalbuminuria. The number of patients with diabetic retinopathy and macroalbuminuria in the MIDD group was comparable to T1DM or early-onset T2DM. The rate of osteoporosis (BMD T-score<-2.5 SD) in the patient with MIDD was higher than the T1DM or early-onset T2DM group. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that of the nine subjects with MIDD, three patients (1-II-1, 1-II-3, 1-II-4) who came from the same family had a history of acute pancreatitis. Compared with T1DM or early-onset T2DM matched for sex, age, duration of diabetes, MIDD patients had the highest rate of osteoporosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/urine
- Bone Density
- China/epidemiology
- Deafness/complications
- Deafness/genetics
- Deafness/metabolism
- Deafness/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine
- Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology
- Female
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Humans
- Male
- Mitochondrial Diseases/complications
- Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Diseases/physiopathology
- Osteoporosis/complications
- Osteoporosis/epidemiology
- Pancreatitis/complications
- Pancreatitis/epidemiology
- Point Mutation
- Prevalence
- RNA, Transfer, Leu
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sharvan Rampersad
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Manna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Tani N, Michiue T, Chen JH, Oritani S, Ishikawa T. Usefulness of postmortem biochemistry in identification of ketosis: Diagnosis of ketoacidosis at the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in an autopsy case with cold exposure and malnutrition. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 22:23-9. [PMID: 27591535 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A severely malnourished, Japanese female in her twenties was found dead in her apartment. On autopsy, most of the findings from the internal examination were suggestive of hypothermia. Postmortem biochemistry, however, showed severely increased levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood and urine glucose levels. Levels of acetone, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetate in various body fluids were also highly increased, indicating ketosis. The serum insulin and c-peptide levels were severely low, and subsequent testing was positive for anti-GAD antibodies. Immunohistochemical examination of the pancreatic islet cells revealed few insulin-positive cells but many glucagon-positive cells on staining. Furthermore, slight invasion of CD8-positive lymphocytes in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans was observed. Results of immunostaining of the pancreatic and bronchial epithelial tissues were partly positive for the Influenza A virus. We concluded that severe ketoacidosis associated with rapid-onset hyperglycemia due to autoimmune type 1 diabetes (AT1D) had occurred shortly before death. However, the ketosis was accompanied by hypothermia and malnutrition as well as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Therefore, we retrospectively collected biochemical data on cases of hypothermia and malnutrition and compared them with the present case. Serum glucose, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid can be used for screening and diagnosis to distinguish DKA from ketosis due to hypothermia and malnutrition. Therefore, in the present case, we diagnosed that the natural cause of death was due to AT1D. In conclusion, screening investigations for relevant biochemical markers can provide essential information for the diagnosis of metabolic disturbances, which fail to demonstrate characteristic autopsy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan.
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Klein R, Klein BE. The Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Chistiakov DA, Sobenin IA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA mutations in atherosclerotic complications in diabetes. World J Cardiol 2012; 4:148-56. [PMID: 22655163 PMCID: PMC3364501 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i5.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is particularly prone to oxidation due to the lack of histones and a deficient mismatch repair system. This explains an increased mutation rate of mtDNA that results in heteroplasmy, e.g., the coexistence of the mutant and wild-type mtDNA molecules within the same mitochondrion. In diabetes mellitus, glycotoxicity, advanced oxidative stress, collagen cross-linking, and accumulation of lipid peroxides in foam macrophage cells and arterial wall cells may significantly decrease the mutation threshold required for mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn further contributes to the oxidative damage of the diabetic vascular wall, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Dimitry A Chistiakov, Igor A Sobenin, Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Montazer Zohour M, Tabatabaiefar MA, Dehkordi FA, Farrokhi E, Akbari MT, Chaleshtori MH. Large-scale screening of mitochondrial DNA mutations among Iranian patients with prelingual nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 16:271-8. [PMID: 22077646 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hearing impairment (HI) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations either in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The nDNA mutations account for the majority of prelingual nonsyndromic HI (NSHI). The present survey was conducted to screen for known pathogenic mtDNA mutations including A1555G, A3243G, C1494T, and A7445G to provide an accurate estimate of their prevalence in prelingual NSHI for the first time in the Iranian subpopulations. One thousand unrelated probands with NSHI (including both GJB2-negative and GJB2 heterozygote cases) and 1000 healthy matched controls were investigated using the PCR/RFLP method followed by DNA sequencing to confirm the observed mtDNA mutations. Two of the studied mutations, namely A3243G and A7445G, were each found in a single family (a frequency of 0.1% for each). Mutation screening for A3243G followed by DNA sequencing led to the identification of G3316A substitution, with no prior link to HI. Surprisingly, screening for A3243G in the studied population identified 6 cases (0.6%) in probands and 10 (1%) in normal subjects. A1555G, the most common mtDNA mutation associated with deafness in other populations, was not found in the studied samples. To conclude, our findings indicate G3316A as a nonpathogenic variant in the prelingual NSHI subpopulations of Iran and suggest that mtDNA mutations do not play a major role in the etiology of NSHI in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Montazer Zohour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Crispim D, Estivalet AAF, Roisenberg I, Gross JL, Canani LH. Prevalence of 15 mitochondrial DNA mutations among type 2 diabetic patients with or without clinical characteristics of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:1228-35. [PMID: 19169474 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of ten described mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with type 2 diabetes, and search for new mutations in four mtDNA genes in a subgroup of patients with characteristics of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). These mutations were investigated in 407 type 2 diabetic patients without characteristics of mitochondrial diabetes ('classical' type 2 diabetes group) and in 38 type 2 diabetic patients with characteristics suggestive of MIDD. Through sequencing of four mtDNA genes in MIDD patients, we selected five others potentially pathogenic mutations that were also screened in the remaining patients. Overall, the frequency of the fifteen analyzed mutations was 36.84% in the MIDD group and 2.45% in the 'classical' type 2 diabetes group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our study reinforces the importance of mtDNA mutations in the pathogenesis of MIDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Crispim
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Liu SM, Zhou X, Zheng F, Li X, Liu F, Zhang HM, Xie Y. Novel mutations found in mitochondrial diabetes in Chinese Han population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:425-35. [PMID: 17125872 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide cells with most of the energy in the form of ATP. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because ATP plays a critical role in the production and the release of insulin. To systematically determine mutant loci and to investigate their association with T2DM in Chinese Han population, 17 commonly reported mutant loci were screened in 236 cases of T2DM and 240 normal controls by PCR-RFLP, allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. Biological softwares were used to analyze the secondary structure of DNA, RNA and the corresponding proteins for missense mutations. Sixteen mutant loci were detected in total, of which five were novel, GenBank accession nos. were DQ092356, DQ473644 and DQ473645; they were mainly in16S rRNA, ND1 and ND4 gene. There was significant difference between the two groups for ND1 and ND4 genes mutation frequencies (ND1: P=0.001, OR=3.944, 95% CI 1.671-9.306; ND4: P=0.010, OR=5.818, 95% CI 1.275-26.537). No significant association was observed between the two groups for 5178A/C polymorphisms (P=0.418). Our study suggested that T3394C and A12026G might be associated with T2DM in Chinese Han population, and T2DM with mtDNA variant should be considered mitochondrial diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Mei Liu
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Chan PS, Kowluru RA. Role of retinal mitochondria in the development of diabetic retinopathy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Pilote L, Dasgupta K, Guru V, Humphries KH, McGrath J, Norris C, Rabi D, Tremblay J, Alamian A, Barnett T, Cox J, Ghali WA, Grace S, Hamet P, Ho T, Kirkland S, Lambert M, Libersan D, O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, Petrovich M, Tagalakis V. A comprehensive view of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease. CMAJ 2007; 176:S1-44. [PMID: 17353516 PMCID: PMC1817670 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women. In fact, CVD is responsible for a third of all deaths of women worldwide and half of all deaths of women over 50 years of age in developing countries. The prevalence of CVD risk factor precursors is increasing in children. Retrospective analyses suggest that there are some clinically relevant differences between women and men in terms of prevalence, presentation, management and outcomes of the disease, but little is known about why CVD affects women and men differently. For instance, women with diabetes have a significantly higher CVD mortality rate than men with diabetes. Similarly, women with atrial fibrillation are at greater risk of stroke than men with atrial fibrillation. Historically, women have been underrepresented in clinical trials. The lack of good trial evidence concerning sex-specific outcomes has led to assumptions about CVD treatment in women, which in turn may have resulted in inadequate diagnoses and suboptimal management, greatly affecting outcomes. This knowledge gap may also explain why cardiovascular health in women is not improving as fast as that of men. Over the last decades, mortality rates in men have steadily declined, while those in women remained stable. It is also becoming increasingly evident that gender differences in cultural, behavioural, psychosocial and socioeconomic status are responsible, to various degrees, for the observed differences between women and men. However, the interaction between sex-and gender-related factors and CVD outcomes in women remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pilote
- Division of Internal Medicine, The McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
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14
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Klein R, Klein BE. The Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. Retina 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02598-0.50091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Atumi Y, Matsuoka K, Taniyama M, Shigeo O. A case of mitochondrial diabetes associated with 3243 bp tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation with few complications, regardless of 16-year disease duration. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 69:309-10. [PMID: 15913828 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grazina M, Silva F, Santana I, Santiago B, Mendes C, Simões M, Oliveira M, Cunha L, Oliveira C. Frontotemporal dementia and mitochondrial DNA transitions. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 15:306-11. [PMID: 15006700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2003] [Revised: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common type of primary degenerative dementia. Some patients present an overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and FTD both in neuropathological and clinical aspects. This may suggest a similar overlap in physiopathology, namely an involvement of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in FTD, as it has been associated to AD. To determine if mtDNA is involved in FTD, we performed a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, specific to mtDNA NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) nucleotides 3337-3340, searching for mutations previously described in Parkinson's and AD patients. We could identify one FTD patient with two mtDNA transitions: one already known (3316 G-to-A) and another unreported (3337 G-to-A). Additionally, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity was reduced in leukocytes of this patient (36% of the control mean activity). To our knowledge, this is the first report of mtDNA variants in FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grazina
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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Suzuki S, Oka Y, Kadowaki T, Kanatsuka A, Kuzuya T, Kobayashi M, Sanke T, Seino Y, Nanjo K. Clinical features of diabetes mellitus with the mitochondrial DNA 3243 (A-G) mutation in Japanese: maternal inheritance and mitochondria-related complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003; 59:207-17. [PMID: 12590018 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with the mitochondrial DNA 3243(A-G) mutation is reported to represent 0.5-2.8% of the general diabetic population. Since the characterization of diabetes with the mutation is still incomplete, we undertook a nation-wide case-finding study of genetically defined patients using questionnaires in Japan. One hundred and thirteen Japanese diabetic patients with the mutation were registered and analyzed. The patients had a high prevalence of maternal inheritance of diabetes and deafness, short and thin stature, and showed an early middle-aged onset of diabetes and deafness. Eighty-six percent of the patients required insulin therapy due to the progressive insulin secretory defect. Glucose intolerance of the mothers was associated with an early middle-aged onset of diabetes, reduction in the insulin secretory capacity, early requirement of insulin therapy, and increases in the daily insulin dose. The heteroplasmic concentrations of the 3243 mutation in leukocytes were low and declined with aging. The patients had advanced microvascular complications, and mitochondria-related complications such as cardiomyopathy, cardiac conductance disorders, neuromuscular symptoms, neuropsychiatric disturbance, and macular pattern dystrophy. Thus, this study has revealed that: (1) diabetes mellitus with the 3243 mutation is a subtype of diabetes mellitus with mitochondria-related complications; and (2) insulin secretory ability is more severely impaired in the patients whose mothers were glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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