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Dubreuil LJ. Fifty years devoted to anaerobes: historical, lessons, and highlights. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1-15. [PMID: 37973693 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Renew interest and enthusiasm for anaerobes stem from both technological improvements (culture media, production of an adequate anaerobic atmosphere, identification methods) and greater awareness on the part of clinicians. Anaerobic infections were historically treated empirically, targeting the species known to be involved in each type of infection. Prevotella, fusobacteria, and Gram-positive cocci (GPAC) were considered responsible for infections above the diaphragm whereas for intra-abdominal infections, Bacteroides of the fragilis group (BFG), GPAC and clostridia were predominantly implicated. The antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes was only taken into consideration by the clinician in the event of treatment failure or when faced with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). The evolution of antibiotic resistance together with clinical failures due to the absence of detection of hetero-resistant clones has resulted in a greater need for accessible antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and disc diffusion method. Improved isolation and identification of anaerobes, along with the availability of accessible and robust methods for performing AST, will ensure that treatment, whether empirical or guided by an antibiogram, will lead to better outcomes for anaerobic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Dubreuil
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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2
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Prevotella melaninogenica, a Sentinel Species of Antibiotic Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Niche? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061275. [PMID: 34208093 PMCID: PMC8230849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance and abundance of strict anaerobic bacteria in the respiratory microbiota of people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF) is now established through studies based on high-throughput sequencing or extended-culture methods. In CF respiratory niche, one of the most prevalent anaerobic genera is Prevotella, and particularly the species Prevotella melaninogenica. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of this anaerobic species. Fifty isolates of P. melaninogenica cultured from sputum of 50 PWCF have been included. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the agar diffusion method. All isolates were susceptible to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and metronidazole. A total of 96% of the isolates (48/50) were resistant to amoxicillin (indicating beta-lactamase production), 34% to clindamycin (17/50) and 24% to moxifloxacin (12/50). Moreover, 10% (5/50) were multidrug-resistant. A significant and positive correlation was found between clindamycin resistance and chronic azithromycin administration. This preliminary study on a predominant species of the lung “anaerobiome” shows high percentages of resistance, potentially exacerbated by the initiation of long-term antibiotic therapy in PWCF. The anaerobic resistome characterization, focusing on species rather than genera, is needed in the future to better prevent the emergence of resistance within lung microbiota.
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Kondo Y. Construction of a Mutant in Prevotella melaninogenica Using the Conjugation Transfer Method with Escherichia coli. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2210:33-41. [PMID: 32815125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0939-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prevotella melaninogenica is a bacterium that is resident in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract and is associated with periodontal disease and aspiration pneumonia. Prevotella mutants are difficult to produce and only few reports have been reported. We examined several methods and many strains and succeeded in producing mutants in Prevotella melaninogenica GAI 07411. In this chapter, we will describe how to create a mutation of a target gene by carrying out conjugation transfer using Escherichia coli S17-1 as a donor and introducing a plasmid into P. melaninogenica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Kondo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Kierzkowska M, Majewska A, Szymanek-Majchrzak K, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Mlynarczyk A, Mlynarczyk G. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes and bft genes as well as antibiotic susceptibility testing of Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from inpatients of the Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Warsaw during 2007-2012. Anaerobe 2019; 56:109-115. [PMID: 30844502 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess drug susceptibility of clinical B. fragilis strains and to determine any correlation between drug resistance and the presence of specific genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using E-tests. All isolates were analyzed with the PCR technique for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (cepA, cfxA, cfiA, ermF, ermB, ermG, nim), insertion sequences elements (IS1186, IS1187, IS1188, IS942), and enterotoxin-encoding genes (bft). Susceptibility tests yielded the following rates of resistance to the evaluated antibiotics: penicillin G (100%), clindamycin (22.5%), cefoxitin (6.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1.8%). All strain were susceptible to imipenem, and metronidazole. The following antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the evaluated isolates: cepA (in 96.4% of isolates), cfxA (in 12.6%), cfiA (in 1.8%), and ermF (in 25.2%). Genes ermB, ermG, and nim were not found. The presence of the cepA gene showed no correlation with the penicillin G MIC. However, we observed a high correlation between cefoxitin MIC values and the presence of gene cfxA as well as a nearly complete correlation between clindamycin MIC values and the presence of gene ermF. The presence of a bft gene was detected in 14.4% of the analyzed B. fragilis isolates; with the bft-1 allele found in 75%, bft-2 in 25%, and bft-3 in none of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of enterotoxin gene-positive isolates in our study did not differ from those of enterotoxin gene-negative isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kierzkowska
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sawicka-Grzelak
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mlynarczyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Microbiology, The Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
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Metronidazole resistance and nim genes in anaerobes: A review. Anaerobe 2019; 55:40-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kondo Y, Sato K, Nagano K, Nishiguchi M, Hoshino T, Fujiwara T, Nakayama K. Involvement of PorK, a component of the type IX secretion system, in Prevotella melaninogenica pathogenicity. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:554-566. [PMID: 30028034 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella melaninogenica is a gram-negative anaerobic commensal bacterium that resides in the human oral cavity and is isolated as a pathogen of suppurative diseases both inside and outside the mouth. However, little is known about the pathogenic factors of P. melaninogenica. The periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tanerella forsythia secrete virulence factors such as protease and bacterial cell surface proteins via a type IX secretion system (T9SS) that are involved in pathogenicity. P. melaninogenica also possesses all known orthologs of T9SS. In this study, a P. melaninogenica GAI 07411 mutant deficient in the orthologue of the T9SS-encoding gene, porK, was constructed. Hemagglutination and biofilm formation were decreased in the porK mutant. Furthermore, following growth on skim milk-containing medium, the diameters of the halos surrounding the porK mutant were smaller than those of the wild-type strain, suggesting a decrease in secretion of proteases outside the bacterium. To investigate this in detail, culture supernatants of wild-type and porK mutant strains were purified and compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis. In the mutant strain, fewer spots were detected, indicating fewer secreted proteins. In infection experiments, the mortality rate of mice inoculated with the porK mutant strain was significantly lower than in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that P. melaninogenica secretes potent virulence factors via the T9SS that contribute to its pathogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Kondo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishiguchi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hoshino
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Taku Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Nakayama
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Veloo A, van Winkelhoff A. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of anaerobic pathogens in The Netherlands. Anaerobe 2015; 31:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Urbán E, Horváth Z, Sóki J, Lázár G. First Hungarian case of an infection caused by multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis strain. Anaerobe 2015; 31:55-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagy E, Justesen US, Eitel Z, Urbán E. Development of EUCAST disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. Anaerobe 2014; 31:65-71. [PMID: 25464140 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Bacteroides fragilis group isolates the need of susceptibility testing in routine laboratories is increasing. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing in case of different clinical isolates of Bacteroides spp by comparing zone diameter results with MICs obtained earlier during an Europe-wide antibiotic susceptibility surveillance, and to propose zone diameter breakpoints, which correlate for the EUCAST MIC breakpoints. We tested 381 clinical isolates of the B. fragilis group to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline by agar dilution method previously. The inhibition zones of the same antibiotics including meropenem disc were determined by the disc diffusion on Brucella blood agar supplemented with haemin and vitamin K1. Plates were incubated at 37 °C in an anaerobic atmosphere for 24 h. The zone diameters were read at 100% inhibition. In case of discrepant results MICs were determined by gradient test and compared with the inhibition zones on the same plate. We found a good agreement between the inhibition zone diameters and the MICs for imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and tigecyclin. The inhibition zone diameters of meropenem also separated clearly the isolates, which can be considered wild-type isolates. In case of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam intermediate and susceptible isolates according to the MIC determination, overlap during the zone diameter determination. Isolates with an inhibition zone <23 mm for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and <25 mm for piperacillin/tazobactam should be retested by a MIC determination method. The 10 μg clindamycin disc clearly separated the resistant and the susceptible population of B. fragilis group strains. In the case of cefoxitin only resistant population could be separated with an inhibition zone <17 mm, intermediate and susceptible isolates overlap. In conclusion, we suggest that disk diffusion can be an option for susceptibility testing of B. fragilis group isolates for most relevant antibiotics in routine laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ulrik Stenz Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsuzsa Eitel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Hochart-Behra AC, Drobecq H, Tourret M, Dubreuil L, Behra-Miellet J. Anti-stress proteins produced by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron after nutrient starvation. Anaerobe 2014; 28:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Hochart-Behra
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; UDSL, EA 4481, UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France; CHArmentières, F-59280, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Peptide CSB Platform, IBL, 59000, Lille, France; Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Mélissa Tourret
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; UDSL, EA 4481, UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Luc Dubreuil
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; UDSL, U995, 59000 Lille, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Josette Behra-Miellet
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; UDSL, EA 4481, UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France.
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Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Correa Signoretti FG, Scheffer de Mattos V, Grecca FS, Gomes BPFDA. Beta-lactamic resistance profiles in Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Parvimonas species isolated from acute endodontic infections. J Endod 2013; 40:339-44. [PMID: 24565649 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Susceptibility to beta-lactamic agents has changed among anaerobic isolates from acute endodontic infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene in Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Parviomonas micra strains and show its phenotypic expression. METHODS Root canal samples from teeth with acute endodontic infections were collected and Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Parvimonas micra strains were isolated and microbiologically identified with conventional culture techniques. The susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration of benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate using the E-test method (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden). The presence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene was determined through primer-specific polymerase chain reaction. The nitrocefin test was used to determine the expression of the lactamase enzyme. RESULTS Prevotella disiens, Prevotella oralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and P. micra strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was detected in 2 of 29 isolates (6.9%). Simultaneous detection of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene and lactamase production was observed for 1 Prevotella buccalis strain. The gene was in 1 P. micra strain but was not expressed. Three strains were positive for lactamase production, but the cfxA/cfxA2 gene was not detected through polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS There is a low prevalence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene and its expression in Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., and P. micra strains isolated from acute endodontic infections. Genetic and phenotypic screening must be performed simultaneously to best describe additional mechanisms involved in lactamic resistance for strict anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Montagner
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Castilho Jacinto
- Endodontic Division, Department of Semiology and Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Scheffer de Mattos
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Quesada-Gómez C, Rodríguez-Cavallini E, Rodríguez C. Scarce detection of mobile erm genes associated with tetQ in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides from Costa Rica. Anaerobe 2013; 21:18-21. [PMID: 23528984 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of finding of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic bacteria in clinical samples has doubled from 2008 to 2010 in Costa Rica. To determine whether this increase is due to dissemination of erm genes aided by tetQ elements, we analyzed 100 isolates of Bacteroides or Parabacteroides from a regional hospital, a national hospital, and the community. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were recorded with a broth micro-dilution method and erm genes were detected by PCR and Southern blotting. In addition, plasmid isolation and mating experiments were performed to clarify the location and mobility of the detected erm genes. Resistance to clindamycin was by far more frequent in the regional hospital (72%) than in the national hospital (29%) and the community (26%). Resistance to tetracycline was even more common, with the community (85%) outweighing the hospitals (71-72%). While MIC of clindamycin were higher in the hospitals than in the community (P < 0.05), the opposite was seen for tetracycline (P < 0.0001). Of the sought-after genes, only ermG (n = 2), ermA (n = 1), and ermF (n = 1) were detected in the hospitals and ermF in the community (n = 2). In opposition to the low frequency of finding of erm genes, 71% of the isolates were positive for tetQ. None of the detected genes were encoded on plasmids. Only three isolates from the hospitals transferred their erm genes laterally. By contrast, 13 hospital isolates and two community isolates transferred tetQ. Despite the widespread finding of tetracycline-resistant tetQ-positive bacteria, mobile erm genes were rare in our bacterial collection. We conclude that the detected erm genes are likely not included in typical conjugative transposons of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Quesada-Gómez
- Facultad de Microbiología, and Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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He J, Chang Q, Hu F, Feng X, Zhu D, Yu L. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobes from patients with periodontal abscess in China. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 66:97-8. [PMID: 23168405 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin He
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dubreuil L, Mahieux S, Neut C, Miossec C, Pace J. Anti-anaerobic activity of a new β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104 in combination with β-lactams and metronidazole. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:500-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gomes BPFA, Jacinto RC, Montagner F, Sousa ELR, Ferraz CCR. Analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from endodontic infections in Brazil during a period of nine years. J Endod 2011; 37:1058-62. [PMID: 21763894 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of some anaerobic species isolated from a Brazilian population at different periods of time by determining a pattern of development of resistance to frequently prescribed antibiotics in endodontics. METHODS Root canal samples were collected from infected teeth at different periods of time (2000-2002, 2003-2005, and 2007-2008) and microbiologically identified with conventional culture techniques. The susceptibility of Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, P. oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and P. micra isolated strains was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole by using the E-test method. RESULTS Amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanate were effective against the majority of species at the different periods of study. Overall, there were low statistical differences regarding the microbial susceptibility between the experimental periods. However, an increase in the anaerobic resistance to penicillin G and clindamycin was observed. Resistance to erythromycin was observed in all species, and there were statistically significant differences between 2000-2002 and 2003-2005 periods for F. nucleatum (P < .05) and between 2003-2005 and 2007-2008 periods for P. intermedia/nigrescens and P. oralis (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes isolated from primary endodontic infections showed an increase throughout a period of time regarding a specific Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Papaparaskevas J, Katsandri A, Pantazatou A, Stefanou I, Avlamis A, Legakis NJ, Tsakris A. Epidemiological characteristics of infections caused by Bacteroides, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species: a prospective observational study. Anaerobe 2011; 17:113-7. [PMID: 21664284 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate differences among infections due to Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides, Prevotella and Fusobacterium spp.), clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological data were collected and evaluated from 206 anaerobic infections. The most frequently isolated species was Bacteroides fragilis. The majority of the cases were intra-abdominal infections (49%) followed by skin and soft tissue infections (24.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that Bacteroides spp. strains were more often isolated from intra-abdominal infections (p = 0.002), whereas Prevotella spp. were isolated more frequently from cases with shorter duration of hospitalization (p = 0.026), and less frequently from bloodstream infections (p = 0.049). In addition, Bacteroides spp. were associated with coinfection due to Enterobacteriaceae species (p = 0.007), whereas Prevotella spp. were associated with coinfection due to Staphylococcus spp. (p = 0.002). Patients with an infection due to B. fragilis, were more frequently admitted in a general surgical ward (p = 0.017), or have been treated with a 2nd generation cephalosporin before anaerobic infection onset (p = 0.05). Total mortality was 10.9% and was associated with bacteremia (p = 0.026), and hematological (p = 0.028), or solid organ malignancy (p = 0.007). Metronidazole resistance was detected only among Prevotella spp. (16.2%) and B. fragilis group (0.8%) isolates. In conclusion, this study indicated differences between infections due to the most frequently isolated Gram-negative anaerobic species, differences that may affect the design and implementation of empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Papaparaskevas
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Nagy E, Urbán E, Nord CE. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates in Europe: 20 years of experience. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:371-9. [PMID: 20456453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibilities of 824 Bacteroides fragilis group isolates against nine antibiotics were evaluated in a Europe-wide study involving 13 countries. Species determination, by different methods, was carried out on all but one isolate. Resistance rates were evaluated according to species and geographical areas via CLSI and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. The present data were compared with those obtained 10 and 20 years ago at a European level. High-level resistance (MIC ≥ 64 mg/L) to ampicillin was observed in 44.5% of the strains, which is a significant increase relative to 20 years ago (16%). Piperacillin/tazobactam was more active than amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3.1% and 10.4% resistance, respectively), again with a resistance increase relative to earlier studies. Dramatic increases in resistance were observed for cefoxitin, clindamycin and moxifloxacin, with rates of 17.2%, 32.4% and 13.6%, respectively. The lowest resistances were found for imipenem, metronidazole and tigecycline (1.2%, <1% and 1.7%). Nonsusceptible strains to imipenem and metronidazole were more resistant to other anti-anaerobic drugs. Differences were detected between geographical areas, with higher resistance rates for moxifloxacin in Scandinavian countries (21.4%) than in Mediterranean countries (5.4%), whereas, for clindamycin, the resistance rates were higher in Mediterranean (41.8%) and lower in Scandinavian countries (22.5%). Piperacillin/tazobactam resistance was also higher in Scandinavian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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Dubreuil L, Neut C, Mahieux S, Muller-Serieys C, Jean-Pierre H, Marchandin H, Soussy CJ, Miara A. [Activity of doripenem against anaerobic bacteria]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2011; 59:102-107. [PMID: 20537808 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY This study examines the activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem compound compared with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin+tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole against 316 anaerobes. METHODS Inoculum preparation and agar dilution method were performed according to the CLSI method for anaerobes (M11A7). RESULTS At a concentration of 4μg/ml doripenem and imipenem (IMP) inhibited 122 (96 %) and 126 (99 %) strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, respectively. In contrast, doripenem appeared more potent than IMP against Gram-positive anaerobes inhibiting at the same concentration of 4μg/ml 145/145 strains (100 %) versus 115/145 for IMP (79.3 %). Against 316 anaerobic strains, the carbapenem doripenem had an MIC(50) of 0.25μg/ml and an MIC(90) of 2μg/ml. Results were similar to those for imipenem (MIC(50) of 0.125μg/ml and MIC(90) of 4μg/ml). If we consider the resistant breakpoints of the two carbapenems as defined by EUCAST, the resistance rate for doripenem (MIC>4μg/ml) 1.6 % is similar to that of imipenem (MIC>8μg/ml) 1.3 %. CONCLUSION Thus independently of the PK/PD parameters the two carbapenems demonstrated very close activity; doripenem was more potent on Gram-positive anaerobes and slightly less potent against Gram-negative anaerobes mainly the B. fragilis group. Further clinical studies are needed to assess its usefulness in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubreuil
- Hôpital de Tourcoing, faculté de pharmacie, université de Lille 2, BP 83 rue du Professeur-Laguesse, 59006 Lille cedex, France.
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Dubreuil L, Odou MF. Anaerobic bacteria and antibiotics: What kind of unexpected resistance could I find in my laboratory tomorrow? Anaerobe 2010; 16:555-9. [PMID: 20971200 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to set out some important considerations on the main emerging antibiotic resistance patterns among anaerobic bacteria. The first point concerns the Bacteroides fragilis group and its resistance to the combination of β-lactam+β-lactamase inhibitor. When there is overproduction of cephalosporinase, it results in increased resistance to the β-lactams while maintaining susceptibility to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. However, if another resistance mechanism is added, such as a loss of porin, resistances to β-lactam+β-lactamase inhibitor combinations may occur. The second point is resistance to metronidazole occurring due to nim genes. PCR detection of nim genes alone is not sufficient for predicting resistance to metronidazole; actual MIC determinations are required. Therefore, it can be assumed that other resistance mechanisms can also be involved. Although metronidazole resistance remains rare for the B. fragilis group, it has nevertheless been detected worldwide and also been observed spreading to other species. In some cases where there is only a decreased susceptibility, clinical failures may occur. The last point concerns resistance of Clostridium species to glycopeptides and lipopeptides. Low levels of resistance have been detected with these antibiotics. Van genes have been detected not only in clostridia but also in other species. In conclusion, antibiotic resistance involves different mechanisms and affects many anaerobic species and is spreading worldwide. This demonstrates the need to continue with antibiotic resistance testing and surveys in anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubreuil
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutques et Biologiques, Lille, France.
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Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant indigenous flora of humans and, as a result, play an important role in infections, some of which are serious with a high mortality rate. These opportunistic pathogens are frequently missed in cultures of clinical samples because of shortcomings in collection and transport procedures as well as lack of isolation and susceptibility testing of anaerobes in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Correlation of clinical failures with known antibacterial resistance of anaerobic bacteria is seldom possible. Changes in resistance over time, and the discovery and characterization of resistance determinants in anaerobic bacteria, has increased recognition of problems in empirical treatment and has even resulted in changes in treatment guidelines. This review discusses the role of anaerobic bacteria in the normal flora of humans, their involvement in different mixed infections, developments in antibacterial resistance of the most frequent anaerobic pathogens and possible new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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22
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Surveillance and trends of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of anaerobes in Kuwait hospitals from 2002 to 2007. Anaerobe 2010; 16:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roh KH, Kim S, Kim CK, Yum JH, Kim MS, Yong D, Lee K, Kim JM, Chong Y. Resistance Trends of Bacteroides fragilis Group Over an 8-Year Period, 1997-2004, in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2009; 29:293-8. [DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jong Hwa Yum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Myung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunsop Chong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Alou L, Giménez M, Manso F, Sevillano D, Torrico M, González N, Granizo J, Bascones A, Prieto J, Maestre J, Aguilar L. Tinidazole inhibitory and cidal activity against anaerobic periodontal pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:449-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Singer E, Calvet L, Mory F, Muller C, Chomarat M, Bézian MC, Bland S, Juvenin ME, Drugeon H, Fosse T, Goldstein F, Jaulhac B, Monteil H, Marchandin H, Jean-Pierre H, Dubreuil L. Surveillance de la résistance aux antibiotiques des anaérobies stricts à Gram négatif. Med Mal Infect 2008; 38:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Antioxidative effect of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron extracts: superoxide dismutase identification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:415-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robert R, Deraignac A, Le Moal G, Ragot S, Grollier G. Prognostic factors and impact of antibiotherapy in 117 cases of anaerobic bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:671-8. [PMID: 18357478 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteraemia due to anaerobic bacteria occurs infrequently, making the systematic use of an anaerobic blood sample bottle in patients with sepsis controversial. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and microbiological data from all cases of anaerobic bacteraemia in a teaching hospital over 2 years and determined the prognostic factors and antibiotic management. With the goal of evaluating the morbidity and mortality of bacteraemia due to anaerobic bacteria, a case-control study was also performed. One hundred eighty-four blood cultures from 125 patients grew at least one anaerobic bacterium, representing 0.5% of all and 7.0% of the positive blood cultures. One hundred seventeen patients were studied. In 24 cases, anaerobic blood cultures were associated with concomitant aerobic bacteria isolation. The most frequently isolated anaerobic species were Bacteroides sp. (n = 62), Clostridium sp. (n = 25), and Fusobacterium sp. (n = 12). The most frequent site of origin was the digestive tract (n = 61). In 51 cases, patients did not receive adequate empirical antianaerobic therapy. The mortality rate was 27%. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.059; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.021-1.100], cancer history (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.126-9.156), and ineffective definitive antibiotherapy (OR 19.292, 95% CI 5.330-69.832) were independently associated with increased hospital mortality. The 72 patients that could be matched with patients without anaerobic bacteria according to their primary diagnosis had a longer hospitalisation and a trend toward increased mortality (P = 0.08). Anaerobic bacteraemia contributed significantly to the morbidity of the patients, and adequate empirical antibiotherapy may play an important role in the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Robert
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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Abstract
SUMMARY Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).
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Mosca A, Miragliotta L, Iodice MA, Abbinante A, Miragliotta G. Antimicrobial profiles of Prevotella spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from periodontal infections in a selected area of southern Italy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30:521-4. [PMID: 17954025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In view of the increasing antibiotic resistance of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, we determined the antimicrobial profile of 55 periodontal anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria correlated with human infections, comprising 16 strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and 39 strains of Prevotella spp. isolated from periodontal pockets of 26 adults suffering from chronic periodontitis. All the strains of F. nucleatum were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, whilst 2/16 strains were both resistant to amoxicillin and beta-lactamase-positive and 11/16 were resistant to clarithromycin. All of the Prevotella strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline and metronidazole, whereas 7/39 strains were beta-lactamase-positive and resistant to amoxicillin, 5/39 were resistant to clarithromycin and 3/39 were resistant to both moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. Our findings confirm that there is an increasing need to encourage practitioners to use laboratory investigations to limit the risk of an incorrect therapeutic approach and to avoid the overuse of antimicrobial agents.
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30
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Jacinto RC, Gomes BPFA, Shah HN, Ferraz CC, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ. Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from mixed endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2006; 39:62-70. [PMID: 16409330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in root canals of infected teeth with periapical abscesses and to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of this species to some frequently prescribed antibiotics. METHODOLOGY Samples were obtained from 70 root canals of abscessed teeth. Microbial sampling, isolation and bacterial identification were accomplished using appropriate culture methods for anaerobic species. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the 20 strains of P. gingivalis isolated was determined by using the E-test. The antimicrobial agents tested were amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, azythromycin, benzylpenicillin, cephaclor, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline. RESULTS A total of 352 individual strains, belonging to 69 different species, were isolated. Eighty three percent of the strains were strict anaerobes and 47.5% of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in 20 root canals and was most frequently found in symptomatic cases. Statistically, the presence of P. gingivalis was related to purulent exudates and pain on palpation (both P < 0.05). All P. gingivalis strains were sensitive to amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, cephaclor, clindamycin, benzylpenicyllin, metronidazole and tetracycline. The lowest range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.026-0.125 microg mL(-1)) was observed against amoxicillin + clavulanate and clindamycin. The lowest MIC 90 was observed against clindamycin (0.064 microg mL(-1)). One strain was resistant to erythromycin and eight strains were resistant to azythromycin. CONCLUSION Porphyromonas gingivalis pathogen is isolated with frequency from root canals of infected teeth with periapical abscesses. Amoxicillin, as well as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and benzylpenicillin were effective against P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jacinto
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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31
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Dubreuil L, Calvet L, Behra J. Le secnidazole : activité antibactérienne sur les anaérobies stricts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1294-5501(05)80457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Austin MN, Beigi RH, Meyn LA, Hillier SL. Microbiologic response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis with topical clindamycin or metronidazole. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4492-7. [PMID: 16145097 PMCID: PMC1234077 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.9.4492-4497.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the frequencies, concentrations, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microbes isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) before and after therapy, 119 nonpregnant women aged 18 to 45 with clinical and Gram stain evidence of BV were randomized to receive intravaginal clindamycin or metronidazole. Vaginal swabs were collected at baseline and 7 to 12 days, 35 to 45 days, and 70 to 90 days following therapy for quantitative vaginal culture. For the 99 women completing all four visits, statistical analyses were performed comparing differences in vaginal microflora between the two treatment arms and between visits in the same treatment group. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method was performed for anaerobic gram-negative rods. Although both therapies resulted in decreased colonization by Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis, only metronidazole treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency and concentration of Prevotella bivia and black-pigmented Prevotella species. Of the 865 anaerobic gram-negative rods evaluated for susceptibility, only 3 (0.3%) were resistant to metronidazole, whereas clindamycin resistance increased significantly for P. bivia and black-pigmented anaerobic gram-negative rods persisting following clindamycin therapy. Clindamycin-resistant subpopulations of P. bivia and black-pigmented Prevotella species emerged 7 to 12 days after therapy even among women colonized initially by clindamycin-susceptible strains. These resistant subpopulations persisted at high frequencies (42 to 50%) 70 to 90 days following therapy. The two topical agents for treatment of BV have differing microbiologic effects on the vaginal microflora. The emergence of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative rods following therapy is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Austin
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3180, USA
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Bahar H, Torun MM, Demirci M, Kocazeybek B. Antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase production of clinical isolates of prevotella and porphyromonas species. Chemotherapy 2005; 51:9-14. [PMID: 15722627 DOI: 10.1159/000084017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the beta-lactamase production and the antimicrobial resistance of 72 Prevotella species and 48 Porphyromonas species isolated from different clinical specimens. METHODS All strains were identified using API 32 ID. The beta-lactamase production was determined by nitrocefin disks. E test strips of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole and imipenem were tested for each strain. RESULTS Nineteen Prevotella melaninogenica, 18 Prevotella intermedia, 16 Prevotella denticola, 11 Prevotella loescheii and 8 Prevotella bivia strains were identified. Four were clindamycin resistant. The highest beta-lactamase production was found at a rate of 68.4% in P. melaninogenica species. Additionally, 33 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and 15 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains were identified. None of them produced beta-lactamase. CONCLUSION In view of the emerging antibiotic resistance among anaerobes, the current local susceptibility profile of our Prevotella and Porphyromonas species will establish the basis for additional surveys tracing significant changes in the antimicrobial resistance of our clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrisi Bahar
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Behra-Miellet J, Calvet L, Dubreuil L. A Bacteroides thetaiotamicron porin that could take part in resistance to beta-lactams. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24:135-43. [PMID: 15288312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate porin absence or deficiency in two Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains resistant to amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid. Their outer membrane protein (OMP) extracts and those of two susceptible strains were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and compared to detect differences between the strains. A protein band of interest at around 70 kDa electro-eluted for each strain, was tested in a liposome swelling assay. A decrease in initial absorbency was noted for the two susceptible strains but not for the two resistant strains. The liposome swelling of the two susceptible strains was directly visualized by photon microscopy and then photographed. This suggested a B. thetaiotaomicron porin of around 70 kDa could take part in resistance to beta-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Behra-Miellet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP83, 59006 Lille cedex, France
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35
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Stefanopoulos PK, Kolokotronis AE. The clinical significance of anaerobic bacteria in acute orofacial odontogenic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 98:398-408. [PMID: 15472653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A review of the literature on orofacial odontogenic infections indicates that the underlying microflora is typically polymicrobial, predominantly involving strictly anaerobic gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods, along with facultative and microaerophilic streptococci. Although no single species has been consistently implicated in all of these infections, the pathogenic potential of some of these organisms has been documented by many studies. This potential can be explained by a number of virulence factors demonstrated in anaerobic bacteria, as well as by synergistic interrelationships with other members of the infectious flora. Awareness of the anaerobic component of orofacial odontogenic infections dictates to a large extent the selection of antimicrobial therapy, mainly because of the frequency of beta-lactamase production by anaerobic gram-negative rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis K Stefanopoulos
- Dental Corps, Hellenic Army, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, 401 Army Hospital of Athens, Greece.
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