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Takashima Y, Kawamura H, Okadome K, Ugai S, Haruki K, Arima K, Mima K, Akimoto N, Nowak JA, Giannakis M, Garrett WS, Sears CL, Song M, Ugai T, Ogino S. Enrichment of Bacteroides fragilis and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in CpG island methylator phenotype-high colorectal carcinoma. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:630-636. [PMID: 38266708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data support that enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) harbouring the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (bft) gene may promote colorectal tumourigenesis through the serrated neoplasia pathway. We hypothesized that ETBF may be enriched in colorectal carcinoma subtypes with high-level CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP-high), BRAF mutation, and high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-high). METHODS Quantitative PCR assays were designed to quantify DNA amounts of Bacteroides fragilis, ETBF, and each bft gene isotype (bft-1, bft-2, or bft-3) in colorectal carcinomas in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses' Health Study. We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models with the inverse probability weighting method. RESULTS We documented 4476 colorectal cancer cases, including 1232 cases with available bacterial data. High DNA amounts of Bacteroides fragilis and ETBF were positively associated with BRAF mutation (p ≤ 0.0003), CIMP-high (p ≤ 0.0002), and MSI-high (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence interval) for high Bacteroides fragilis were 1.40 (1.06-1.85) for CIMP-high and 2.14 (1.65-2.77) for MSI-high, but 1.02 (0.78-1.35) for BRAF mutation. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for high ETBF were 2.00 (1.16-3.45) for CIMP-high and 2.86 (1.64-5.00) for BRAF mutation, but 1.09 (0.67-1.76) for MSI-high. Neither Bacteroides fragilis nor ETBF was associated with colorectal cancer-specific or overall survival. DISCUSSION The tissue abundance of Bacteroides fragilis is associated with CIMP-high and MSI-high, whereas ETBF abundance is associated with CIMP-high and BRAF mutation in colorectal carcinoma. Our findings support the aetiological relevance of Bacteroides fragilis and ETBF in the serrated neoplasia pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Takashima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidetaka Kawamura
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoko Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Centre, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mahmood B, Sárvári KP, Orosz L, Nagy E, Sóki J. Novel and rare β-lactamase genes of Bacteroides fragilis group species: Detection of the genes and characterization of their genetic backgrounds. Anaerobe 2024; 86:102832. [PMID: 38360202 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study screened the prevalence of rare β-lactamase genes in Bacteroides fragilis group strains from clinical specimens and normal microbiota and examined the genetic properties of the strains carrying these genes. METHODS blaHGD1, blaOXA347, cblA, crxA, and pbbA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in collections of Bacteroides strains from clinical (n = 406) and fecal (n = 184) samples. To examine the genetic backgrounds of the samples, end-point PCR, FT-IR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used. RESULTS All B. uniformis isolates were positive for cblA in both collections. Although crxA was B. xylanisolvens-specific and associated with carbapenem resistance, it was only found in six fecal and three clinical B. xylanisolvens strains. Moreover, the crxA-positive strains were not clonal among B. xylanisolvens (contrary to cfiA in B. fragilis), implicating a rate of mobility or emergence by independent evolutionary events. The Phocaeicola (B.) vulgatus/P. dorei-specific gene blaHGD1 was detected among all P. vulgatus/P. dorei isolates from fecal (n = 36) and clinical (n = 26) samples. No blaOXA347-carrying isolate was found from European collections, but all US samples (n = 6) were positive. For three clinical isolates belonging to B. thetaiotaomicron (n = 2) and B. ovatus (n = 1), pbbA was detected on mobile genetic elements, and pbbA-positive strains displayed non-susceptibility to piperacillin or piperacillin/tazobactam phenotypically. CONCLUSIONS Based on these observations, β-lactamases produced by rare β-lactamase genes in B. fragilis group strains should not be overlooked because they could encode important resistance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Mahmood
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Károly Péter Sárvári
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszló Orosz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Sóki
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Rye MS, Garrett KL, Holt RA, Platell CF, McCoy MJ. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis detection in colorectal tumours: Optimal target site and correlation with total bacterial load. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262416. [PMID: 34995318 PMCID: PMC8740967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal infiltration by certain bacterial species may contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). There is considerable variation in reported detection rates in human CRC samples and the extent to which bacterial infiltration varies across regions of the primary tumour is unknown. This study aimed to determine if there is an optimal site for bacterial detection within CRC tumours. Methods Presence of target bacterial species was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in 42 human CRC tumours. Abundance in primary tumour regions, normal epithelium and at metastatic sites was investigated in an expanded cohort of 51 patients. Species presence/absence was confirmed by diversity profiling in five patients. Correlation with total bacterial load and clinicopathological features was assessed. Results Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis were detected in tumours from 43% and 24% of patients, respectively (17% positive for both species). The optimal detection site was the tumour luminal surface (TLS). Patients testing positive at the TLS frequently tested negative at other sites, including central tumour and invasive margin. F. nucleatum was detected at a higher frequency in tumour versus normal epithelium (p < 0.01) and was associated with more advanced disease (p = 0.01). Detection of both species correlated with total bacterial load. However, corroboration of qPCR results via diversity profiling suggests detection of these species may indicate a specific microbial signature. Conclusions This study supports a role for F. nucleatum in CRC development. Presence of F. nucleatum and B. fragilis varies across primary tumour regions, with the TLS representing the optimal site for bacterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S. Rye
- Molecular Oncology, St John of God Pathology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kerryn L. Garrett
- Molecular Oncology, St John of God Pathology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A. Holt
- British Columbia Cancer Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron F. Platell
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie J. McCoy
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Niestępski S, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E, Osińska A. Markers Specific to Bacteroides fragilis Group Bacteria as Indicators of Anthropogenic Pollution of Surface Waters. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17197137. [PMID: 33003501 PMCID: PMC7579016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of markers specific to Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) bacteria as indicators of anthropogenic pollution of surface waters. In addition, the impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the spread of genes specific to fecal indicator bacteria and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in water bodies was also determined. Samples of hospital wastewater (HWW), untreated wastewater (UWW), and treated wastewater (TWW) evacuated from a WWTP were collected, and samples of river water were taken upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the wastewater discharge point to determine, by qPCR, the presence of genes specific to BFG, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, and the abundance of 11 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and two integrase genes. The total number of bacterial cells (TCN) in the examined samples was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genes specific to BFG predominated among the analyzed indicator microorganisms in HWW, and their copy numbers were similar to those of genes specific to E. coli and E. faecalis in the remaining samples. The abundance of genes specific to BFG was highly correlated with the abundance of genes characteristic of E. coli and E. faecalis, all analyzed ARGs and intI genes. The results of this study indicate that genes specific to BFG can be used in analyses of human fecal pollution, and as indicators of environmental contamination with ARGs. A significant increase in the copy numbers of genes specific to BFG, E. coli, and seven out of the 11 analyzed ARGs was noted in samples of river water collected downstream from the wastewater discharge point, which suggests that WWTPs are an important source of these genes in riparian environments.
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Ishak N, Abdul Wahab Z, Amin Nordin S, Ibrahim R. Susceptibility patterns of anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens in tertiary Hospital, Malaysia. Malays J Pathol 2020; 42:245-252. [PMID: 32860377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The susceptibility patterns of anaerobes are becoming less predictable due to the emergence of anaerobic resistance trends to antibiotics; hence increasing the importance of the isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the isolation of anaerobes from the clinical specimens of Hospital Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, from January 2015 to December 2015. All isolates were identified using the API 20A system (bioMérieux, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the E-test (bioMérieux, France). RESULTS The proportion of obligate anaerobes isolated from the clinical specimens was 0.83%. The Gram-positive anaerobes were most susceptible to vancomycin and imipenem, showing 100% sensitivity to these antimicrobials, followed by clindamycin (86.3%), penicillin (76.7%), and metronidazole (48.9%). Meanwhile, Gram-negative anaerobes were most susceptible to metronidazole (96%) followed by imipenem (89%), clindamycin (79%), and ampicillin (32%). The present study also showed that 3 out of 12 Bacteroides fragilis isolates were resistant to imipenem. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the differences in the susceptibility patterns of anaerobes towards commonly used antimicrobials for the treatment of anaerobic infections. In summary, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends among anaerobes is needed to ensure the appropriateness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ishak
- Hospital Sungai Buloh, Department of Pathology, Microbiology Unit, Selangor, Malaysia;.
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Niestępski S, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Contreras-Rodríguez A, Filipkowska Z, Osińska A. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in environmental strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Environ Int 2019; 124:408-419. [PMID: 30682596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria of the genus Bacteroides are a large group of commensal microorganisms that colonize the human and animal digestive tract. The genus Bacteroides and the closely related genus Parabacteroides include the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) of potentially pathogenic bacteria which are frequently isolated from patients with anaerobic infections. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance of environmental strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Strains were isolated from human feces, hospital wastewater, influent (UWW) and effluent (TWW) wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and from the feces of lab rats as a negative control to monitor the entire route of transmission of BFG strains from humans to the environment. The resistance of 123 environmental BFG strains to six antibiotic groups was analyzed with the use of culture-dependent methods. Additionally, the presence of 25 genes encoding antibiotic resistance was determined by PCR. The analyzed environmental BFG strains were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. The percentage of resistant strains differed between the analyzed antibiotics and was determined at 97.56% for ciprofloxacin, 49.59% for erythromycin, 44.71% for ampicillin, 35.77% for tetracycline, 32.52% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 26.83% for chloramphenicol, 26.01% for clindamycin, 11.38% for moxifloxacin, and 8.94% for metronidazole. The highest drug-resistance levels were observed in the strains isolated from UWW and TWW samples. The mechanisms of antibiotic-resistance were determined in phenotypically resistant strains of BFG. Research has demonstrated the widespread presence of genes encoding resistance to chloramphenicol (100% of all chloramphenicol-resistant strains), tetracyclines (97.78% of all tetracycline-resistant strains), macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (81.97% of all erythromycin-resistant strains). Genes encoding resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were less prevalent. None of the metronidazole-resistant strains harbored the gene encoding resistance to nitroimidazoles. BFG strains isolated from UWW and TWW samples were characterized by the highest diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes and were most often drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant. The present study examines the potential negative consequences of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant BFG strains that are evacuated with treated wastewater into the environment. The transmission of these bacteria to surface water bodies can pose potential health threats for humans and animals; therefore, the quality of treated wastewater should be strictly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Niestępski
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zofia Filipkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adriana Osińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Wang Y, Chen XF, Xie XL, Xiao M, Yang Y, Zhang G, Zhang JJ, Duan SM, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Tsui C, Xu YC. Evaluation of VITEK MS, Clin-ToF-II MS, Autof MS 1000 and VITEK 2 ANC card for identification of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates and antimicrobial susceptibilities of these isolates in a Chinese university hospital. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2019; 52:456-464. [PMID: 30772212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bacteroides fragilis group isolates are most frequently isolated anaerobic pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VITEK MS, Clin-ToF-II MS, Autof MS 1000 and VITEK 2 ANC card on the identification of clinical B. fragilis group isolates, as well as to determine their antimicrobial susceptibilities. METHODS A total of 138 isolates of B. fragilis group isolates were identified with the three MALDI-TOF MS systems and VITEK 2 ANC cards. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used as the reference identification method for comparison. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution method to 19 antimicrobial agents recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS Hundred thirty three isolates of Bacteroides spp. and 5 isolates of Parabacteroides spp. were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The rates of accurate identification at species level of VITEK MS, Clin-ToF-II MS, Autof MS 1000 and VITEK 2 ANC card were 94.2%, 94.2%, 98.6% and 94.9%, respectively, while that at genus level were 99.3%, 100%, 100% and 97.8%, respectively. Metronidazole and chloramphenicol were the most susceptible agents (99.3% and 92.8%, respectively), followed by meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam to which the susceptible rates ranged from 76.8% to 79.0%. The susceptible rates to carbapenems decreased 12.4-15.3% from 2010-2013 to 2014-2017. CONCLUSION All the four systems provided high accurate rate on the identification of B. fragilis group isolates. Metronidazole showed highest activity against these isolates. Attention should be paid to the higher resistant rates to carbapenems, clindamycin, moxifloxacin and tigecycline than the other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Meng Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Third People's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Clement Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Bakuradze N, Makalatia K, Merabishvili M, Togoshvili L, Chanishvili N. SELECTION OF THE ACTIVE PHAGES AGAINST B.FRAGILIS FOR FURTHER STUDY OF THRAPEUTIC PERPECTIVES. Georgian Med News 2018:111-116. [PMID: 30702082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
B.fragilis is an obligate anaerobic commensal colonizing human intestines and carries number of physiological functions. At the same time B.fragilis is commonly isolated from the septic clinical samples and due to its capsule represents one of the provoking agents for abscess development. Enterotoxigenic B.fragilis (ETBF) strains also increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer. Increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens led to the high demand to alternative antimicrobials. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy already practiced for a century in some of the Post-Soviet countries including Georgia has been suggested as a substitute of antibiotics. It should be noted that this study is the first attempt to isolate virulent B.fragilis phages for further therapeutic application as all phages known up until now were used for detection of fecal water contamination only. The aim of the study was to isolate B.fragilis specific phages for their further use against infections caused by this bacteria Eighteen B.fragilis strains were isolated from human feces using conventional microbiological methods and precise identification was done via MULDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Three ETBF strains were provided by the University of Ghent (Belgium). Three lytic phages (ФVA7, ФMTK and ФUZ-1) of Siphoviridae family were isolated from the waste water samples collected in Tbilisi and in Ghent using conventional phage isolation and enumeration techniques. Electron microscopy was used for the visualization of the phage particles. To determine lytic activity of the isolated phages and estimate their antimicrobial efficacy the spot test assay and efficiency of plating (EOP) were studied using 18 clinical strains of B.fragilis and 12 intestinal commensal strains related to Bacterioides spp. and Parabacterioides spp.. Although according to the spot test results two of the isolated phages expressed high specificity to B.fragilis demonstrating broad host range within this species, however EOP results showed that only ФVA7 can be selected as the best candidate for the model in vitro tissue culture experiments aiming demonstration of the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of phages against ETBF and/or NETBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bakuradze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Ghent University, Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Eliava Diagnostic Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kh Makalatia
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Ghent University, Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Eliava Diagnostic Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Merabishvili
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Ghent University, Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Eliava Diagnostic Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Togoshvili
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Ghent University, Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Eliava Diagnostic Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Chanishvili
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Ghent University, Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Eliava Diagnostic Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Kwong TNY, Wang X, Nakatsu G, Chow TC, Tipoe T, Dai RZW, Tsoi KKK, Wong MCS, Tse G, Chan MTV, Chan FKL, Ng SC, Wu JCY, Wu WKK, Yu J, Sung JJY, Wong SH. Association Between Bacteremia From Specific Microbes and Subsequent Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:383-390.e8. [PMID: 29729257 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) development has been associated with increased proportions of Bacteroides fragilis and certain Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus species in the intestinal microbiota. We investigated associations between bacteremia from specific intestinal microbes and occurrence of CRC. METHODS We performed a retrospective study after collecting data on 13,096 adult patients (exposed group) in Hong Kong hospitalized with bacteremia (identified by blood culture test) without a previous diagnosis of cancer from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2015. We collected data on intestinal microbes previously associated with CRC (genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Filifactor, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Solobacterium, and Streptococcus). Clinical information, including patient demographics, comorbid medical conditions, date of bacteremia, and bacterial species identified, were collected. The incidence of biopsy-proved CRC was compared between the exposed and unexposed (patients without bacteremia matched for age, sex, and comorbidities) groups. RESULTS The risk of CRC was increased in patients with bacteremia from B fragilis (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.62-5.64, P = 5.5 × 10-12) or Streptococcus gallolyticus (HR = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.18-15.1, P = 4.1 × 10-4) compared with the unexposed group. In addition, the risk of CRC was increased in patients with bacteremia from Fusobacterium nucleatum (HR = 6.89, 95% CI = 1.70-27.9, P = .007), Peptostreptococcus species (HR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.47-6.35, P = .003), Clostridium septicum (HR = 17.1, 95% CI = 1.82-160, P = .013), Clostridium perfringens (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.16-4.52, P = .017), or Gemella morbillorum (HR = 15.2, 95% CI = 1.54-150, P = .020). We observed no increased risk in patients with bacteremia caused by microbes not previously associated with colorectal neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized for bacteremia, we associated later diagnosis of CRC with B fragilis and S gallolyticus and other intestinal microbes. These bacteria might have entered the bloodstream from intestinal dysbiosis and perturbed barrier function. These findings support a model in which specific members of the intestinal microbiota promote colorectal carcinogenesis. Clinicians should evaluate patients with bacteremia from these species for neoplastic lesions in the colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Y Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiansong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Cheong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Tipoe
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Z W Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin K K Tsoi
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin C S Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny H Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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10
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Palermo A, Forsberg EM, Warth B, Aisporna AE, Billings E, Kuang E, Benton HP, Berry D, Siuzdak G. Fluorinated Gold Nanoparticles for Nanostructure Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6938-6948. [PMID: 29966083 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructure imaging mass spectrometry (NIMS) with fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) is a nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization approach that requires low laser energy and has demonstrated high sensitivity. Here we describe NIMS with f-AuNPs for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in biological tissues. F-AuNPs assist in desorption/ionization by laser-induced release of the fluorocarbon chains with minimal background noise. Since the energy barrier required to release the fluorocarbons from the AuNPs is minimal, the energy of the laser is maintained in the low μJ/pulse range, thus limiting metabolite in-source fragmentation. Electron microscopy analysis of tissue samples after f-AuNP NIMS shows a distinct "raising" of the surface as compared to matrix assisted laser desorption ionization ablation, indicative of a gentle desorption mechanism aiding in the generation of intact molecular ions. Moreover, the use of perfluorohexane to distribute the f-AuNPs on the tissue creates a hydrophobic environment minimizing metabolite solubilization and spatial dislocation. The transfer of the energy from the incident laser to the analytes through the release of the fluorocarbon chains similarly enhances the desorption/ionization of metabolites of different chemical nature, resulting in heterogeneous metabolome coverage. We performed the approach in a comparative study of the colon of mice exposed to three different diets. F-AuNP NIMS allows the direct detection of carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids, sulfur metabolites, amino acids, nucleotide precursors as well as other small molecules of varied biological origins. Ultimately, the diversified molecular coverage obtained provides a broad picture of a tissue's metabolic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Erica M Forsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME) , University of Vienna , Währingerstraße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Aries E Aisporna
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Billings
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Ellen Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - H Paul Benton
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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11
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Dejea CM, Fathi P, Craig JM, Boleij A, Taddese R, Geis AL, Wu X, DeStefano Shields CE, Hechenbleikner EM, Huso DL, Anders RA, Giardiello FM, Wick EC, Wang H, Wu S, Pardoll DM, Housseau F, Sears CL. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis harbor colonic biofilms containing tumorigenic bacteria. Science 2018; 359:592-597. [PMID: 29420293 PMCID: PMC5881113 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently harbor abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiome; however, the microbiota associated with precancerous lesions in hereditary CRC remains largely unknown. We studied colonic mucosa of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who develop benign precursor lesions (polyps) early in life. We identified patchy bacterial biofilms composed predominately of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis Genes for colibactin (clbB) and Bacteroides fragilis toxin (bft), encoding secreted oncotoxins, were highly enriched in FAP patients' colonic mucosa compared to healthy individuals. Tumor-prone mice cocolonized with E. coli (expressing colibactin), and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis showed increased interleukin-17 in the colon and DNA damage in colonic epithelium with faster tumor onset and greater mortality, compared to mice with either bacterial strain alone. These data suggest an unexpected link between early neoplasia of the colon and tumorigenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Dejea
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Payam Fathi
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Abby L Geis
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinqun Wu
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina E DeStefano Shields
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David L Huso
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis M Giardiello
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Wick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franck Housseau
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Minato T, Maeda T, Fujisawa Y, Tsuji H, Nomoto K, Ohno K, Hirayama M. Progression of Parkinson's disease is associated with gut dysbiosis: Two-year follow-up study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187307. [PMID: 29091972 PMCID: PMC5665539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported gut dysbiosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether gut dysbiosis correlates with the progression of PD. METHODS We examined changes in gut microbiota and demographic features in 2 years in 36 PD patients. RESULTS A change of total UPDRS scores in 2 years was predicted by the counts of Bifidobacterium and Atopobium cluster at year 0 with a correlation coefficient of 0.52. Correlation analysis additionally revealed that low counts of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis at year 0 were associated with worsening of UPDRS I scores in 2 years. In addition, low counts of Bifidobacterium at year 0 were associated with worsening of hallucinations/delusions in 2 years. Similarly, low counts of B. fragilis at year 0 were associated with worsening of motivation/initiative in 2 years. The patients were evenly divided into the deteriorated and stable groups based on the degree of worsening of total UPDRS scores. The deteriorated group had lower counts of Bifidobacterium, B. fragilis, and Clostridium leptium than the stable group at year 0 but not at year 2, suggesting that the deteriorated group may demonstrate accelerated lowering of these bacteria at year 0. CONCLUSIONS The total counts of intestinal bacterial decrease in the course of PD progression. Temporal profiles of lowering of bacterial counts are likely to be different from bacteria to bacteria, and also between the deteriorating and stable groups, which may be able to be exploited to differentiate patients with rapidly and slowly progressive PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Minato
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fujisawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MH); (KO)
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MH); (KO)
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13
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Coughlin J, Fredericks C, Keen R, Farlow E, Sheng N. Anaerobic Infections of Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistulae. Am Surg 2017; 83:e409-e410. [PMID: 30454371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Coughlin
- Department of General Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Kierzkowska M, Pedzisz P, Babiak I, Janowicz J, Kulig M, Majewska A, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Mlynarczyk G. Orthopedic infections caused by obligatory anaerobic Gram-negative rods: report of two cases. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:363-366. [PMID: 28730548 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic bone and joint infections are uncommon, although the number of anaerobic infections is presumably underestimated because of difficulties with isolation and identification of obligate anaerobes. This study describes two cases of complicated Bacteroides fragilis peri-implant infection of the lumbar spine, infection of the hip and osteomyelitis. Bacteria were identified with the use of a mass spectrometer, VITEK MS system. Drug susceptibility was performed with the use of E-test. The EUCAST breakpoints were used for interpretation with B. fragilis ATCC 25285 as a control. In the two described cases clinical samples were collected for microbiological examination intraoperatively and simultaneously empirical treatment was applied. B. fragilis was isolated in monoculture or in a combination with other bacteria. The treatment was continued according to the susceptibility tests. In a case one clindamycin failure was observed and clindamycin resistance of the isolate was likely due to inadequate time of therapy. Difficulties in collecting an adequate samples and culturing anaerobic bacteria cause that not all infections are properly recognized. In a successful therapy, identification and determination of the susceptibility of the pathogen are essential as well as an appropriate surgical debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kierzkowska
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pedzisz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Babiak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Janowicz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kulig
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str., 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Sawicka-Grzelak
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Mootien S, Kaplan PM. Monoclonal antibodies specific for Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxins BFT1 and BFT2 and their use in immunoassays. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173128. [PMID: 28257448 PMCID: PMC5336258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed 22 mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Bacteroides fragilis zinc metalloprotease toxins 1 and 2 (BFT1 and BFT2). Mice were immunized with recombinant BFT1 or BFT2 proteins with metalloprotease activity. Eight of the mAbs bind specifically to BFT1. One mAb, 2H6, binds specifically to BFT2. The remaining 13 mAbs bind to both BFT1 and BFT2. The eight BFT1-specific mAbs recognize at least five different epitopes on the toxin. Four of the BFT1-specific mAbs neutralized rBFT1 metalloprotease activity. Only one of these four mAbs, 1D9, neutralizes the cytotoxic effect of BFT1. Here, we describe the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect BFT1 or BFT2 toxin in an isotype-specific manner. The sandwich ELISAs have a detection limit of 20 to 40 ng/ml when purified recombinant BFT protein is diluted into PBS. The sandwich ELISA can be used to distinguish and quantify levels of rBFT1 and rBFT2 in stool. This ELISA can be an important tool to investigate the association between BFT expression by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and diseases such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraspadee Mootien
- L2 Diagnostics LLC, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul M. Kaplan
- L2 Diagnostics LLC, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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16
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Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS, Lipatova AV, Sadritdinova AF, Kardymon OL, Fedorova MS, Melnikova NV, Stepanov OA, Zaretsky AR, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. The Dysregulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Overexpression of c-Myc and C/EBPβ rather than Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Infection. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016:2353560. [PMID: 27433286 PMCID: PMC4940579 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2353560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is well known that the chronic inflammation can promote the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, a number of studies revealed a potential association between colorectal inflammation, cancer progression, and infection caused by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Bacterial enterotoxin activates spermine oxidase (SMO), which produces spermidine and H2O2 as byproducts of polyamine catabolism, which, in turn, enhances inflammation and tissue injury. Using qPCR analysis, we estimated the expression of SMOX gene and ETBF colonization in CRC patients. We found no statistically significant associations between them. Then we selected genes involved in polyamine metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation regulation and estimated their expression in CRC. We observed overexpression of SMOX, ODC1, SRM, SMS, MTAP, c-Myc, C/EBPβ (CREBP), and other genes. We found that two mediators of metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and cell proliferation c-Myc and C/EBPβ may serve as regulators of polyamine metabolism genes (SMOX, AZIN1, MTAP, SRM, ODC1, AMD1, and AGMAT) as they are overexpressed in tumors, have binding site according to ENCODE ChIP-Seq data, and demonstrate strong coexpression with their targets. Thus, increased polyamine metabolism in CRC could be driven by c-Myc and C/EBPβ rather than ETBF infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V. Snezhkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Asiya F. Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Olga L. Kardymon
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Stepanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
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17
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Nolla JM, Murillo O, Narvaez J, Vaquero CG, Lora-Tamayo J, Pedrero S, Cabo J, Ariza J. Pyogenic arthritis of native joints due to Bacteroides fragilis: Case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3962. [PMID: 27336895 PMCID: PMC4998333 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic arthritis of native joints due to Bacteroides fragilis seems to be an infrequent disease. We analyzed the cases diagnosed in a tertiary hospital during a 22-year period and reviewed the literature to summarize the experience with this infectious entity.In our institution, of 308 patients with pyogenic arthritis of native joints, B fragilis was the causative organism in 2 (0.6%) cases. A MEDLINE search (1981-2015) identified 19 additional cases.Of the 21 patients available for review (13 men and 8 women, with a mean age, of 54.4 ± 17 years), 19 (90%) presented a systemic predisposing factor for infection; the most common associated illness was rheumatoid arthritis (8 patients). Bacteremia was documented in 65% (13/20) of cases. In 5 patients (24%), 1 or more concomitant infectious process was found. Metronidazole was the most frequently used antibiotic. Surgical drainage was performed in 11 cases (52%). The overall mortality rate was 5%.Pyogenic arthritis of native joints due to B fragilis is an infrequent disease that mainly affects elderly patients with underlying medical illnesses and in whom bacteremia and the presence of a concomitant infectious process are frequent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Nolla
- Rheumatology Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Infectious Diseases Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Narvaez
- Rheumatology Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez Vaquero
- Rheumatology Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Lora-Tamayo
- Infectious Diseases Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pedrero
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cabo
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ariza
- Infectious Diseases Department, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Kondo T, Hirota M, Kondo S, Hoshino J, Yoshida M, Isomura T. Post-Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Complicated with Mycotic Aneurysm Rupture, Repaired by Redo Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 33:228.e1-4. [PMID: 26965815 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycotic aneurysms although rare can be devastating. We encountered a dialysis patient with rapidly expanding distal aortic arch aneurysm who underwent axilloaxillary bypass and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Three months later, he suffered mycotic aneurysm rupture for which redo TEVAR was performed. Antibiotic therapy was discontinued 16 weeks after the second operation, and renal transplantation was performed 6 months later. Dialysis was discontinued in the patient without infection recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kondo
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Masanori Hirota
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kondo
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Joji Hoshino
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isomura
- Hayama Heart Center, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
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Narimani T, Douraghi M, Owlia P, Rastegar A, Esghaei M, Nasr B, Talebi M. Heterogeneity in resistant fecal Bacteroides fragilis group collected from healthy people. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:1-6. [PMID: 26945562 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal nonpathogenic flora would represent a constant lake of resistance genes potentially transferable to human pathogens. To assess the prevalence of resistance genes and genetic variability of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) from normal flora, 177 Bacteroides isolates obtained from the fecal samples of healthy individuals. These isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were further tested for the presence of ermF, tetQ and bft genes by PCR. Our results indicated the presence of different clonal strains (1 common type and 57 single types) among the resistant isolates. The resistance rate for the six antibiotics in this study was between 1% and 95%. Most of the isolates (99%) were susceptible to metronidazole. ermF and tetQ were detected in all erythromycin and tetracycline resistant isolates. None of the isolates were carried bft gene. These data suggest dissemination of heterogenic clonal groups in healthy persons and resistance to 5 high commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Douraghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center(MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Nasr
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
An 82-year-old Japanese man, who presented with a fever and abdominal pain, was admitted to our hospital. According to enhanced computed tomography images, the probable diagnosis was abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm. Eight sets of blood cultures obtained from the patient were negative. Despite administering treatment with vancomycin and ceftriaxone, the aneurysm progressively enlarged. He underwent open debridement surgery and in situ replacement because of an aneurysmal rupture. Bacteroides fragilis was isolated from the tissue culture of the aortic wall. Metronidazole was administered and discontinued without any infection relapse. When faced with similar cases, rare pathogens should thus be considered as possible causes of mycotic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Fukuchi
- Division of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Minami-Wakayama Medical Center, Japan
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21
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Chmelař D, Hájek M, Janečková J, Vobejdová J, Martineková P, Kašíková A. [The effect of oxygen on endotoxin production in bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from patients with colorectal carcinoma]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2016; 65:129-135. [PMID: 27467330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to draw attention to the risk posed by anaerobic bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis (BAFR) group, isolated particularly from abdominal lesions, and to assess the possible role of these species in colorectal cancer. A correlation has previously been suggested between the detection of the bacteria of the genus Bacteroides in patients on a meat-based diet and intestinal and, in particular, colorectal cancer. Given that the species of the BAFR group are major producers of endotoxins, measurements and statistical analysis of endotoxin production were used to compare the Bacteroides strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with colon cancer, rectal cancer, and other abdominal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endotoxin production was detected in bacterial strains of the BAFR group (B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, and B. vulgatus) isolated from clinical specimens of patients with rectal cancer, colon cancer, and intestinal cancer and was compared with that in strains from samples of patients with inflammatory conditions (anal abscess, appendicitis, skin abscess, etc.) under anaerobic and microaerophilic (with 5% of oxygen) culture conditions. The production of endotoxins was detected quantitatively using the Pyrosate LAL assay kit (Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Test, BIOGENIX, CR) in four species of the BAFR group after anaerobic and microaerophilic culture. Five strains of each isolated Bacteroides species from each type of specimens were tested (in total 140 BAFR strains). The amount of endotoxin was given in endotoxin units per ml (EU/ml). RESULTS Endotoxin production by bacteria under microaerophilic culture conditions was several times higher in comparison with strictly anaerobic culture.The difference was statistically significant (F1.269 = 160, p <0.0001). As regards the effect of oxygen on endotoxin production, the amount of endotoxins produced under microaerophilic culture conditions (average 889.1 EU/ml) was 2.5 times as high as that observed under anaerobic culture conditions (358.2 EU/ml), regardless of the bacteroides species and diagnosis. These results suggest that the amount of free oxygen in the environment affects the amount of endotoxin generated by the Bacteroides strains. CONCLUSION The results show that endotoxin production by the Bacteroides strains under microaerophilic culture conditions is several times as high as that under strictly anaerobic culture conditions.
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Chen LA, Van Meerbeke S, Albesiano E, Goodwin A, Wu S, Yu H, Carroll K, Sears C. Fecal detection of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1871-7. [PMID: 26173688 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is a common colonic symbiote of which one subtype, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), causes inflammatory diarrhea. However, asymptomatic ETBF colonization is common. Through its primary virulence factor, B. fragilis toxin (BFT), ETBF causes asymptomatic, chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice and increased colon tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice. Human studies suggest an association between ETBF infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Additional studies on ETBF epidemiology are, therefore, crucial. The goal of this study is to develop a reliable fecal diagnostic for ETBF. To develop a sensitive assay for ETBF, we tested multiple protocols on mouse stools spiked with serially diluted ETBF. Each assay was based on either touchdown or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and used primers targeted to bft to detect ETBF. Using touchdown PCR or qPCR, the mean ETBF detection limit was 1.55 × 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/g stool and 1.33 × 10(4) CFU/g stool, respectively. Augmentation of Bacteroides spp. growth in fecal samples using PYGB (Peptone Yeast Glucose with Bile) broth enhanced ETBF detection to 2.93 × 10(2) CFU/g stool using the touchdown PCR method and 2.63 × 10(2) CFU/g stool using the qPCR method. Fecal testing using combined culture-based amplification and bft touchdown PCR is a sensitive assay for the detection of ETBF colonization and should be useful in studying the role of ETBF colonization in intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. We conclude that touchdown PCR with culture-based amplification may be the optimal ETBF detection strategy, as it performs as well as qPCR with culture-based amplification, but is a less expensive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Chen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, CRB2 Bldg, Suite 1M.05, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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Lavie G, Feldhaim M, Weber G, Cohen S. [VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS CAUSED BY RARE PATHOGENS--THE NEED FOR HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION]. Harefuah 2015; 154:362-405. [PMID: 26281078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral OsteomyeLitis (V.O.) is a rare event that usually presents insidiously and follows an indolent clinical course, making early diagnosis difficult. The most important infecting organism in V.O. is Staphylococcus aureus, followed by gram-negative bacilli. We describe herein two cases of V.O. hospitalized in our department during the same week, caused by rare pathogens--Streptococcus sanguis (viridans) and Bacteroides fragilis. V.O. must be recognized rapidly because delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in neurologic compromise and high mortality. Its prompt and accurate diagnosis depends on detailed knowledge of the disease along with a high index of suspicion, even in face of rare pathogens on bacteriology results.
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Serracant-Barrera A, Llaquet-Bayo H, Sánchez-Delgado J, Romaguera-Monzonis A, Dalmau-Obrador B, Bejarano-González N, Navas-Pérez AM, Llopart-Valdor E, García-Borobia FJ, Navarro-Soto S. Pylephlebitis and liver abscesses secondary to acute advanced appendicitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2015; 107:397-398. [PMID: 26031880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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25
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Tomoyose T, Nakachi S, Nishi Y, Morichika K, Tedokon I, Tamaki K, Shimabukuro N, Hanashiro T, Samura H, Fukushima T, Masuzaki H. Giant Septic Lymphadenitis with Marked Gas Formation Caused by Bacteroides fragilis in a Patient with Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma. Intern Med 2015; 54:2919-22. [PMID: 26568010 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) sometimes causes opportunistic infections. A 53-year-old woman with systemic lymphadenopathies was diagnosed with ATL by inguinal lymph node biopsies and underwent oral chemotherapy. Two months later, high grade fever, lower abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy recurred. Computed tomography revealed the presence of lymphadenopathy with marked gas formation in the pelvic lesion. Blood cultures were suggestive of septic lymphadenitis by Bacteroides fragilis (BF). This represents the first demonstration of giant lymphadenitis with gas formation caused by BF in a patient with ATL. Notably, septic lymphadenitis is pivotal in the differential diagnosis of systemic lymphadenopathy in ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Tomoyose
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology and Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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26
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Nagy E, Justesen US, Eitel Z, Urbán E. Development of EUCAST disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. Anaerobe 2014; 31:65-71. [PMID: 25464140 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Bacteroides fragilis group isolates the need of susceptibility testing in routine laboratories is increasing. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing in case of different clinical isolates of Bacteroides spp by comparing zone diameter results with MICs obtained earlier during an Europe-wide antibiotic susceptibility surveillance, and to propose zone diameter breakpoints, which correlate for the EUCAST MIC breakpoints. We tested 381 clinical isolates of the B. fragilis group to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline by agar dilution method previously. The inhibition zones of the same antibiotics including meropenem disc were determined by the disc diffusion on Brucella blood agar supplemented with haemin and vitamin K1. Plates were incubated at 37 °C in an anaerobic atmosphere for 24 h. The zone diameters were read at 100% inhibition. In case of discrepant results MICs were determined by gradient test and compared with the inhibition zones on the same plate. We found a good agreement between the inhibition zone diameters and the MICs for imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and tigecyclin. The inhibition zone diameters of meropenem also separated clearly the isolates, which can be considered wild-type isolates. In case of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam intermediate and susceptible isolates according to the MIC determination, overlap during the zone diameter determination. Isolates with an inhibition zone <23 mm for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and <25 mm for piperacillin/tazobactam should be retested by a MIC determination method. The 10 μg clindamycin disc clearly separated the resistant and the susceptible population of B. fragilis group strains. In the case of cefoxitin only resistant population could be separated with an inhibition zone <17 mm, intermediate and susceptible isolates overlap. In conclusion, we suggest that disk diffusion can be an option for susceptibility testing of B. fragilis group isolates for most relevant antibiotics in routine laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ulrik Stenz Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsuzsa Eitel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Zhang Z, Peng X, Li S, Zhang N, wang Y, Wei H. Isolation and identification of quercetin degrading bacteria from human fecal microbes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90531. [PMID: 24594786 PMCID: PMC3942438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has a wide range of biological properties. The gut microflora can often modulate its biological activity and their potential health effects. There still is a lack of information about gut bacteria involving in this process. The strains of gut microbes from human feces that can transform quercetin were isolated and identified by in vitro fermentation. The results showed that Escherichia coli, Stretococcus lutetiensis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Weissella confusa, Enterococcus gilvus, Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis have the various ability of degrading quercetin. Among them, C. perfringens and B. fragilis were discovered to have the strongest ability of degrading quercetin. Additionally, quercetin can't inhibit the growth of C. perfringens. In conclusion, many species of gut microbiota can degrade quercetin, but their ability are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XP); (HW)
| | - Shaoting Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail: (XP); (HW)
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Vedula RS, Britt G, Kopelman RI, Rencic J. Complementary medicine. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29:412-6. [PMID: 24197631 PMCID: PMC3912295 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Vedula
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 180 Washington St. Apt. 1, Brighton, Boston, MA, 02135, USA,
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29
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Boulay E, Philippe AC, Marraoui W, Wladimirov W, Dauplat J, Pomel C. [Spontaneous renal forniceal rupture with suspicious ovarian mass]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 43:66-9. [PMID: 24144693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extravasation of urine following rupture of the renal fornix is a rare complication mostly caused by obstruction secondary to distal ureteric stones. This 35-year-old woman was referred with back pain. Her CT scan revealed rupture of the renal fornix secondary to a pelvic mass. Laparoscopy subsequently confirmed this to be an ovarian abscess. We report the first case of spontaneous renal forniceal rupture secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boulay
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58, rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - A-C Philippe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58, rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - W Marraoui
- Department of Radiology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58, rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France
| | - W Wladimirov
- Department of Gynecology, centre hospitalier de Saint-Flour, 15100 Saint-Flour, France
| | - J Dauplat
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58, rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - C Pomel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58, rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France.
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Justesen US, Hansen F, Østergaard C, Schønheyder HC, Hansen DS, Lemming LE, Schumacher H, Heltberg O, Knudsen JD, Dzajic E, Arpi M, Hammerum AM. High rates of reduced susceptibility in the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from blood cultures--the first national survey in Denmark. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:188-90. [PMID: 23773329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Lee C, Marion JW, Lee J. Development and application of a quantitative PCR assay targeting Catellicoccus marimammalium for assessing gull-associated fecal contamination at Lake Erie beaches. Sci Total Environ 2013; 454-455:1-8. [PMID: 23542477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gulls represent one of the major fecal contamination sources responsible for the degradation of water quality at Lake Erie beaches. For assessing gull-associated fecal contamination, a real-time quantitative PCR assay (qPCR) targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences from Catellicoccus marimammalium, which are abundant in gull feces, was developed and evaluated by comparing assay results with beach survey data that included gull counting, and quantifying densities of Escherichia coli and human-associated fecal markers at two Lake Erie beaches. In evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of the qPCR assay with animal and wastewater samples, C. marimammalium was detected in most gull fecal samples (80.7%), some chicken fecal samples (24.1%), but was not readily detected from other fecal samples of animals and humans, and wastewater. Among 66 Lake Erie water samples collected in 2010, C. marimammalium was frequently detected from Villa Angela (36.4%) and Headlands beaches (57.6%). C. marimammalium densities were not associated with E. coli densities or sanitary survey data. E. coli counts were likely driven by other sources, such as human, rather than gulls at the study sites. The presumption that human contamination influenced E. coli counts was supported by more frequent detection of the human-specific Bacteroides gyrB marker (gyrB) at Villa Angela (33.3%) than Headlands (6.1%). Since E. coli may not be an effective indicator for assessing gull-related fecal contamination at these beaches, where contamination sources are mixed, our novel qPCR assay can be useful for understanding fecal source contributions from gulls not explained by gull abundance or E. coli densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheonghoon Lee
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, The Ohio State University, United States
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Ramamurthy D, Pazhani GP, Sarkar A, Nandy RK, Rajendran K, Sur D, Manna B, Ramamurthy T. Case-control study on the role of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis as a cause of diarrhea among children in Kolkata, India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60622. [PMID: 23577134 PMCID: PMC3618056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 874 fecal specimens (446 diarrheal cases and 428 controls) from diarrheal children admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and age and sex matched asymptomatic subjects from an urban community were assessed for the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Isolates of B. fragilis were tested for the presence of enterotoxin gene (bft) by PCR. The detection rate of ETBF was 7.2% (63 of 874 specimens) that prevailed equally in diarrheal cases and controls (7.2% each; 32 of 446 cases and 31 of 428 controls). Male children up to one year age group was significantly (p<0.05) associated with ETBF infection as compared to children > 2 years of age in cases and controls. In 25 ETBF isolates, the bft gene was genotyped using PCR-RFLP and only two alleles were identified with prevalence rate of 40% and 60% for bft-1 and bft-3, respectively. All the ETBF isolates were susceptible for chloramphenicol and imipenem but resistant to clindamycin (48%), moxifloxacin (44%) and metronidazole (32%). Resistance of ETBF to moxifloxacin (44%) and metronidazole is an emerging trend. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that majority of the ETBF isolates are genetically diverse. In the dendrogram analysis, two clusters were identified, one with ETBF resistant to 5–8 antimicrobials and the other cluster with metronidazole and moxifloxacin susceptible isolates from diarrheal cases. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on ETBF from India indicating its clinical importance and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anirban Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjan K. Nandy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Dipika Sur
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Bamkesh Manna
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Polanco N, Manzi L, Carmona O. [Possible role of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in the etiology of infectious vaginitis]. Invest Clin 2012; 53:28-37. [PMID: 22524106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaginitis is a common gynecologic disorder. It is due to several causes, some even unknown. Bacteroides fragilis is the most important anaerobe in clinical bacteriology, some strains of this group are notable for being enterotoxigenic and they have been associated with intestinal and extraintestinal syndromes. They have recently been isolated from patients with vaginitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible association of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis with infectious vaginitis. 265 samples of vaginal exudate were processed, 202 from symptomatic patients and 63 healthy women. The identification of the microorganisms was carried out by conventional methods. In 31.2% of symptomatic patients were identified: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Streptococcus agalactiae. B. fragilis was identified in 27 symptomatic patients and 5 healthy women. These strains were cultivated in liquid medium and incubated during 48 h at 36 degrees C in anaerobe chambers. Supernatant activity was assayed in HT-29 cells. Eighteen B. fragilis strains isolated from symptomatic patients were enterotoxigenic, because induced alterations in target cell morphology. It was not identified in healthy women (P < 0.05). 77.7% of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis strains were not associated with other specific pathogens. This fact suggests that enterotoxigenic B. fragilis could be a cause for vaginitis. The effect of enterotoxin on E-cadherin of vaginal epithelium could facilitate invasion and its possible pathogenic role in the vagina. This is the first report that associates enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis as a possible cause of infectious vaginitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Polanco
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Cátedra de Microbiología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Venezuela.
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Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is a rare causative agent of spondylodiscitis. The pathophysiology of B. fragilis in spondylodiscitis remains largely unclear because of its rare occurrence. We herein report a case of spondylodiscitis complicated by an epidural abscess and meningitis; B. fragilis was detected in the blood of the patient. Moreover, the patient had a splenic abscess that was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient completely recovered with antimicrobial therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawakami
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Japan
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35
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Rodrigues C, Siciliano RF, Zeigler R, Strabelli TMV. Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis: a case report and review of literature. Braz J Infect Dis 2012; 16:100-104. [PMID: 22358367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocarditis due to Bacteroides fragilis is a rare disorder. This article describes a case of Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis associated with portal and superior mesenteric venous thrombosis in a patient without preexisting valvular heart disease and review the cases of endocarditis due to this anaerobic bacterium in medical literature since 1980.
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Vaĭnshenker II, Ivchenko IM, Tsinzerling VA, Nuralova IV, Khlopunova OV, Berezina LA, Kuliashova LB, Viazovaia AA, Kalinina OV, Korotkov AD, Kataeva GV, Medvedev SV. [Low-manifest infections with CNS damage in patients in prolonged unconscious state of non-inflammatory etiology]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2011:85-89. [PMID: 22308737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study of specter of low-manifest infections (LMI) with central nervous system (CNS) damage and their role in patients in prolonged unconscious state (PUS) of noninflammatory etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 patients (23 male, 9 female; age 14-58) in PUS of various etiology were examined. The main group (18 patients) received therapy against all infectious diseases including LMI; control group (14 patients)--only against common and nosocomial microflora. Patients were immunologically, infectologically and neurologically examined in dynamic. The data obtained were treated by using STATISTICA for Windows (version 5.5). RESULTS Significant differences in immune and infectologic status depending on the nature of primary CNS damage were not detected. Immunodeficiency was detected in all patients; 94% of patients had increased non-specific IgM and IgE. Among LMI agents Chlamydia spp. were predominant. Cultural and/or PCR methods detected this microorganism during the primary examination in cerebrospinal fluid samples in 56% patients and in blood samples in 56%; during the second diagnostics or autopsy--only in 13 and 25%, respectively. Detection of Bacteroides fragilis, Human Herpes Virus (HHV-6), Virus Epstein Barr (VEB), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and on mucous membranes of nasopharynx and conjunctiva was grouped more frequently with the presence of Chlamydia spp. in the CNS (p < 0.05) than with other LMI agents. Sanation of CNS from LMI was significantly accompanied by regeneration of communicative activity in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION In patients with PUS high frequency of CNS infection by various LMI agents and primarily Chlamydia spp. should be considered. Sanation from LMI can become a "window" for effective neuro-regenerative treatment.
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Lee CS, Marion JW, Lee J. A novel genetic marker for the rapid detection of Bacteroides fragilis in recreational water as a human-specific faecal indicator. J Water Health 2011; 9:253-264. [PMID: 21942191 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides spp. has gained substantial interest among the suggested potential candidates for alternative faecal indicators for untreated recreational waters by the US EPA. Interest in Bacteroides as a faecal indicator is based upon the relative abundance of selected members of the Bacteroides genus in the human colon and human faeces. In this study, we developed a real-time PCR detection system based on gyrase B subunit genes (gyrB) specific to Bacteroides fragilis. The gryB-based method was compared with previously described 16S rRNA-based real-time qPCR methods and evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and robustness in detecting B. fragilis from untreated recreational water impacted by human and non-human faecal sources. The new gyrB-based system only detected B. fragilis, whereas the 16S rRNA-based methods generated cross-amplifications with other Bacteroides and Prevotella species. We used a procedure of prefiltration, filtration, sonication and DNA concentration in order to improve the DNA extraction efficiency and the sensitivity of the real-time PCR while removing interference. The amplification and sequencing of PCR products generated by the gyrB-based method confirmed that gyrB-amplified sequences only contained B. fragilis. This rapid method is useful for quantifying faecal contamination and may assist beach and watershed managers in elucidating possible contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Soo Lee
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Patrick S, Blakely GW, Houston S, Moore J, Abratt VR, Bertalan M, Cerdeño-Tárraga AM, Quail MA, Corton N, Corton C, Bignell A, Barron A, Clark L, Bentley SD, Parkhill J. Twenty-eight divergent polysaccharide loci specifying within- and amongst-strain capsule diversity in three strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3255-3269. [PMID: 20829291 PMCID: PMC3090145 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.042978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of the complete genome sequence of Bacteroides fragilis 638R, originally isolated in the USA, was made with two previously sequenced strains isolated in the UK (NCTC 9343) and Japan (YCH46). The presence of 10 loci containing genes associated with polysaccharide (PS) biosynthesis, each including a putative Wzx flippase and Wzy polymerase, was confirmed in all three strains, despite a lack of cross-reactivity between NCTC 9343 and 638R surface PS-specific antibodies by immunolabelling and microscopy. Genomic comparisons revealed an exceptional level of PS biosynthesis locus diversity. Of the 10 divergent PS-associated loci apparent in each strain, none is similar between NCTC 9343 and 638R. YCH46 shares one locus with NCTC 9343, confirmed by mAb labelling, and a second different locus with 638R, making a total of 28 divergent PS biosynthesis loci amongst the three strains. The lack of expression of the phase-variable large capsule (LC) in strain 638R, observed in NCTC 9343, is likely to be due to a point mutation that generates a stop codon within a putative initiating glycosyltransferase, necessary for the expression of the LC in NCTC 9343. Other major sequence differences were observed to arise from different numbers and variety of inserted extra-chromosomal elements, in particular prophages. Extensive horizontal gene transfer has occurred within these strains, despite the presence of a significant number of divergent DNA restriction and modification systems that act to prevent acquisition of foreign DNA. The level of amongst-strain diversity in PS biosynthesis loci is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Patrick
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Garry W Blakely
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Simon Houston
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jane Moore
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Valerie R Abratt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcelo Bertalan
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ana M Cerdeño-Tárraga
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Michael A Quail
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicola Corton
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Craig Corton
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexandra Bignell
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew Barron
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Louise Clark
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stephen D Bentley
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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Cheng CW, Lin HS, Ye JJ, Yang CC, Chiang PC, Wu TS, Lee MH. Clinical significance of and outcomes for Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2009; 42:243-250. [PMID: 19812858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bacteroides fragilis is a virulent anaerobic pathogen, resulting in considerable mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics, significance of polymicrobial bacteremia, and treatment outcomes of B. fragilis bacteremia. METHODS This retrospective analysis enrolled 199 adult patients with B. fragilis bacteremia, who were admitted to hospital between January 2004 and May 2007. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 142 patients with B. fragilis bacteremia (71.4%) had at least 1 underlying disease. Malignancy was the commonest comorbidity (n = 62; 31.2%). Intra-abdominal infection accounted for 49.3% of the infection sources. Seventy seven patients (38.7%) had polymicrobial bacteremia and Escherichia coli was the most common concurrent isolate (n = 24). There was no significant difference in septic shock incidence and clinical outcome between the monomicrobial and polymicrobial groups. The overall 30-day crude mortality rate was 30.7%. Inappropriate early antimicrobial therapy did not affect outcome, but a higher mortality rate was noted for patients who never received appropriate antimicrobial therapy (55.2% vs 26.5%; p = 0.002). Independent risk factors for mortality were age 65 years and older (p = 0.010), malignancy (p = 0.001), shock (p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.026), and lack of surgical intervention (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS B. fragilis bacteremia causes a high mortality rate, especially for elderly people and patients with cancer. Clinicians should be alert to the infectious focus, and appropriate surgical intervention may be necessary to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Simha Srinivasan
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street at Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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41
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Martin T, Aziz H. Bacteroides fragilis: a case study of bacteremia and septic arthritis. Clin Lab Sci 2009; 22:131-135. [PMID: 19827405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A 67-year-old African-American male presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and knee pain. Four sets of blood cultures were collected and resulted in the growth of Bacteroides fragilis in all anaerobic bottles. Later, a fluid and tissue sample from the patient's knee grew the same species of bacteria. The patient was placed on intravenous antibiotics to fight the infection.
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42
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Costán-Longares A, Montemayor M, Payán A, Méndez J, Jofre J, Mujeriego R, Lucena F. Microbial indicators and pathogens: removal, relationships and predictive capabilities in water reclamation facilities. Water Res 2008; 42:4439-48. [PMID: 18762313 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Four water reclamation facilities in north-eastern Spain were monitored over 2 years to determine the occurrence and concentrations of a set of microbial indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, spores of sulphite reducing clostridia, somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA phages, phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis strain RYC2056 and phages infecting Bacteroides tethaiotaomicron strain GA-17), and two selected pathogens (cytopathogenic enteroviruses and viable Cryptosporidium oocysts). The indicator (survival) and index (presence) functions of the various indicators tested were evaluated through the wastewater treatments. The inactivation pattern of all groups of bacteriophages tested was closer to the inactivation of enteroviruses than to the inactivation of the conventional bacterial indicators tested. The inactivation of sulfite reducing clostridia spores and bacteriophages more closely approximates the reduction of viable Cryptosporidium than do the conventional bacterial indicators. We observed neither index functions nor a predictive relationship between any of microbial indicators and viable Cryptosporidium oocysts. In contrast, several regression models (r>0.6) and discriminant functions (67-88% well classified samples) based mostly on numbers of bacteriophages were able to predict both the presence and concentrations of enteroviruses. A combination of both bacterial and bacteriophage indicators seem to be the best choice for ensuring the microbial quality of reclaimed water.
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de Goeij S, Nisolle JF, Glupczynski Y, Delgrange E, Delaere B. Vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal epidural abscess in two patients with Bacteroides fragilis bacteraemia. Acta Clin Belg 2008; 63:193-6. [PMID: 18714851 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2008.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We report 2 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis and contiguous epidural abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis with no concomitant or past intra-abdominal infection. Decompressive surgery with laminectomy was required for both patients due to the occurrence of neurologic deficits. Clinical recovery was achieved after 8 weeks of antibiotic therapy. It included 3 weeks of intravenous therapy with clindamycin followed by an oral regimen of clindamycin for 1 patient and oral metronidazole for the other. In both cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proved to be essential for diagnostic. The primary source of infection remained unknown despite careful investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Goeij
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Université Catholique de Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium
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44
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Abstract
Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are serious complications of sickle cell disease which occur at rates of 18% and 7%, respectively. In two small studies of osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients, the most common causative organisms were Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Anaerobic infection is uncommon. Here, we report an 18-year-old girl with sickle cell disease and suspected spontaneous vertebral osteomyelitis due to Bacteroides fragilis. The diagnosis was based on multiple positive blood cultures. Despite extensive investigation, the port of entry could not be determined. The patient responded well to a four-week therapy with metronidazole, without the need for surgical debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Internal Medicine Services Division, Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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45
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of post-natally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) in preterm neonates can vary from mild diarrhoea to severe necrotising enterocolitis. However, the suspicion of CMV-related GI disease remains low. Mild CMV disease localised to the GI tract may go undiagnosed initially until a more obvious complication such as strictures manifest. A case of CMV-associated enteritis in an extremely preterm neonate is presented. The diagnosis was established after the histopathology of the surgical specimen showed the presence of CMV inclusion bodies. Testing the stool specimen for CMV to establish the diagnosis when the pathology is limited to the GI tract is also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bacteroides fragilis/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Enteritis/complications
- Enteritis/virology
- Feces/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Ileal Diseases/etiology
- Ileal Diseases/physiopathology
- Ileal Diseases/therapy
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/physiopathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
- Premature Birth
- Sepsis/virology
- Treatment Outcome
- Western Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is proposed to result from a dysregulated mucosal immune response to the colonic flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a molecular subclass of the common human commensal, B. fragilis, has been associated with IBD. This study investigated whether ETBF colonization of mice initiated colitis or modified the clinical course of a colitis agonist, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). METHODS Four- and 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with buffer, nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) strain 9343(pFD340), or ETBF strain 86-5443-2-2 via orogastric tube. A subset of mice received 2% DSS several days pre- or post-inoculation of bacteria. Clinical status was assessed throughout the experiment and severity of colonic inflammation was scored after sacrifice. RESULTS All mice, including those receiving DSS, were clinically well prior to bacterial inoculation. NTBF and ETBF colonization was similar. Regardless of mouse age or timing of DSS administration, mice who received ETBF+DSS experienced worse colitis reflected by less weight gain, enhanced gross disease, and greater inflammation in their colons (P < 0.05), especially in the cecum. In particular, younger mice had more extensive disease. Mice inoculated only with ETBF also exhibited colitis with more severe inflammation when compared to all other groups (P < 0.05) except the ETBF+DSS group. CONCLUSIONS ETBF, a colonic commensal, alone stimulates colitis and significantly enhances colonic inflammation in DSS-treated mice. This study suggests that acquisition of ETBF colonization may be a potential factor in initiation and/or exacerbation of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Rabizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Huso
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine M. Gan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan E. Golub
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - XinQun Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cynthia L. Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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47
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Ndoye N, Hossini A, Ba MC, Faye MB, Thiam AB, Tine I, Camara B, Sakho Y, Badiane SB. [Abscess of the posterior cranial fossa. Report of 4 cases]. Med Trop (Mars) 2007; 67:485-489. [PMID: 18225734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The posterior cerebral fossa is an uncommon location for cerebral abscess. In most cases diagnosis is made at the encapsulation stage with the risk of life-threatening tonsillar herniation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe our experience in the management of four cases of abscess located in the posterior cerebral fossa between January 2000 and December 2004. All patients benefited from clinical examination and radiological study (CT-scan). Surgical treatment performed in all cases consisted of trepano-puncture of the abscess. The minimum duration of post-operative follow-up was 6 months. Mean patient age was 38.75 years. All patients presented infectious syndrome and intracranial hypertension. The male:female sex ratio was 3:1. A history of chronic middle ear otitis was noted in two patients. Diagnosis of abscess in the posterior cerebral fossa was confirmed by CT-scan in 2 cases. Cholesteatoma and triventricular hydrocephaly were noted in 2 cases. All patients benefited from trepano-puncture of the abscess. Bacteriologic study of pus was positive for Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case, and Providencia Sp associated with Bactéroïdes fragilis in another. Second-stage radical mastoidectomy was performed in 2 cases. One patient died. The outcome was favorable in 3 cases. Because of the small size of the posterior cerebral fossa, abscess in that location requires emergency treatment. Delay can be life-threatening due to the risk of obstructive hydrocephaly and tonsillar herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ndoye
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Abstract
The embolization of arteries with the use of coils has been an advance in the management of patients such as those at risk for aneurysm rupture. However, this procedure is not without complications. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the available evidence regarding infectious complications directly related to endovascular coil embolization. Seven case reports of patients who experienced infection related to coils used for embolization of arteries were discovered. Arteries embolized with coils in these patients were intracranial, intraabdominal, and intrathoracic, respectively, in four, two, and one case. Abscess formation in the area of coil placement (n = 6; 85.7%) was the most common infectious complication directly related to endovascular coil embolization. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolated pathogen (n = 3; 42.9%). Other isolated pathogens included Salmonella species type D (n = 1; 14.3%), S. epidermidis (n = 1; 14.3%), Escherichia coli (n = 1; 14.3%), and Bacteroides fragilis (n = 1; 14.3%). Surgical procedures were performed in four of the seven patients described (57.1%), and three patients were treated with only the administration of antimicrobial agents. All reviewed patients were cured. Even though it may partially be a result of reporting bias, the scarcity of reports describing infections directly related to endovascular coils despite the increasing number of patients who received this treatment in various parts of the world suggests that infectious complications associated with this foreign endovascular material are very rare. However, the existence of the identified case reports suggests that clinicians should include coil-related infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever after this procedure.
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Crema MD, Pradel C, Marra MD, Arrivé L, Tubiana JM. Intramedullary spinal cord abscess complicating thoracic spondylodiscitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36:681-3. [PMID: 17225147 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-006-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord abscess associated with infectious spondylodiscitis is a rare entity. The case of a 66-year-old man with an intramedullary spinal cord abscess complicating thoracic spondylodiscitis is presented. The patient was unable to ambulate independently due to weakness of the legs. MR imaging showed findings suggestive of infectious spondylodiscitis at the T5-T6 level associated with epidural and intramedullary spinal cord abscesses. Biopsy of the intervertebral disc was performed and Bacteroides fragilis was isolated. Antibiotic therapy was instituted, and MR imaging of the thoracic spine was performed 6 weeks after the initiation of treatment, showing resolution of the epidural and intramedullary spinal cord abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel D Crema
- Service de Radiologie, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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Fernández Canigia L, Castello L, Di Martino A, Greco G, Legaria MC, Litterio M, Predari SC, Rollet R, Rossetti A, Carloni G, Sarchi MI, Bianchini H. Susceptibility trends of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2007; 39:156-160. [PMID: 17987852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the susceptibility trends to seven antibiotics of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates based on three survey studies performed by the Committee of Anaerobic Bacteria between 1989 and 2002. Fifty three, 82 and 65 B. fragilis group isolates were collected during each period. The antimicrobial agents included were: ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1), cefoxitin, piperacillin, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to the reference agar dilution method described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS). The most active antibiotics for B. fragilis and non-B. fragilis species throughout the three periods were: imipenem with 99.1 and 100% of activity, respectively, and metronidazole with 100% of activity. The susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactam showed a decrease, from 100% to 90.3% and to 82.4 % in the last period, for both B. fragilis and non-B. fragilis species, respectively. The overall susceptibility rates for cefoxitin, piperacillin, and clindamycin were significantly different between B. fragilis and non-B. fragilis species (84.2% vs. 56.5%; 85.9% vs. 66.7% and 88.8% vs. 64.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). Cefoxitin was the antibiotic that showed more variations as regards periods and species. The susceptibility rates for clindamycin were low, about 60%, for non-B. fragilis species during the last two periods. The variations observed in the susceptibility patterns of the B. fragilis group isolates emphasize the need to continue monitoring the emergence of resistance in order to guide the election of the most appropriate antibiotic therapy scheme for anaerobic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernández Canigia
- Subcomisión de Bacterias Anaerobias (SADEBAC), Asociación Argentina de Microbiología, Deán Funes 472/76 (C1214AAD) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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