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Tsivgoulis G, Safouris A, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Elnaggar MA, Subbiah R, Han DK, Joung YK. Lipid-based carriers for controlled delivery of nitric oxide. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1341-1353. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1285904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Elnaggar
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Haršány M, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yeh JSM, Sennoga CA, McConnell E, Eckersley R, Tang MX, Nourshargh S, Seddon JM, Haskard DO, Nihoyannopoulos P. A Targeting Microbubble for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129681. [PMID: 26161541 PMCID: PMC4498921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Microbubbles conjugated with targeting ligands are used as contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. However, they often contain immunogenic (strept)avidin, which impedes application in humans. Although targeting bubbles not employing the biotin-(strept)avidin conjugation chemistry have been explored, only a few reached the stage of ultrasound imaging in vivo, none were reported/evaluated to show all three of the following properties desired for clinical applications: (i) low degree of non-specific bubble retention in more than one non-reticuloendothelial tissue; (ii) effective for real-time imaging; and (iii) effective for acoustic quantification of molecular targets to a high degree of quantification. Furthermore, disclosures of the compositions and methodologies enabling reproduction of the bubbles are often withheld. Objective To develop and evaluate a targeting microbubble based on maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry for ultrasound molecular imaging. Methods and Results Microbubbles with a previously unreported generic (non-targeting components) composition were grafted with anti-E-selectin F(ab’)2 using maleimide-thiol conjugation, to produce E-selectin targeting microbubbles. The resulting targeting bubbles showed high specificity to E-selectin in vitro and in vivo. Non-specific bubble retention was minimal in at least three non-reticuloendothelial tissues with inflammation (mouse heart, kidneys, cremaster). The bubbles were effective for real-time ultrasound imaging of E-selectin expression in the inflamed mouse heart and kidneys, using a clinical ultrasound scanner. The acoustic signal intensity of the targeted bubbles retained in the heart correlated strongly with the level of E-selectin expression (|r|≥0.8), demonstrating a high degree of non-invasive molecular quantification. Conclusions Targeting microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging, based on maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry and the generic composition described, may possess properties (i)–(iii) desired for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shue-Min Yeh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Sennoga
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen McConnell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Eckersley
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorian O. Haskard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fix SM, Borden MA, Dayton PA. Therapeutic gas delivery via microbubbles and liposomes. J Control Release 2015; 209:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meairs S, Hennerici M, Mohr J. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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BR55: a lipopeptide-based VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound contrast agent for molecular imaging of angiogenesis. Invest Radiol 2010; 45:89-95. [PMID: 20027118 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181c5927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES BR55, an ultrasound contrast agent functionalized with a heterodimer peptide targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential for specific tumor detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The targeted contrast agent was prepared by incorporation of a biospecific lipopeptide into the microbubble membrane. Experiments were performed in vitro to demonstrate the binding capacities of BR55 microbubbles on immobilized receptor proteins and on various endothelial or transfected cells expressing VEGFR2. The performance of BR55 microbubbles was compared with that of streptavidin-conjugated microbubbles targeted to the same receptor by coupling them to a biotinylated antibody. The specificity of BR55 binding to human and mouse endothelial cells was determined in competition experiments with the free lipopeptide, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or a VEGFR2-specific antibody. Molecular ultrasound imaging of VEGFR2 was performed in an orthotopic breast tumor model in rats using a nondestructive, contrast-specific imaging mode. RESULTS BR55 was shown to bind specifically to the immobilized recombinant VEGFR2 under flow (dynamic conditions). BR55 accumulation on the target over time was similar to that of microbubbles bearing a specific antibody. BR55 avidly bound to cells expressing VEGFR2, and the pattern of microbubble distribution was correlated with the pattern of receptor expression determined by immunocytochemistry. The binding of targeted microbubbles on cells was competed off by an excess of free lipopeptide, the natural ligand (VEGF) and by a VEGFR2-specific antibody (P < 0.001). Although selected for the human receptor, the VEGFR2-binding lipopeptide was also shown to recognize the rodent receptor. Tumor perfusion was assessed during the vascular phase of BR55, and then the malignant lesion was highlighted by specific accumulation of the targeted microbubbles on tumoral endothelium. The presence of VEGFR2 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of tumor cryosections. CONCLUSIONS VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound contrast agents such as BR55 will likely prove useful in human for the early detection of tumors as well as for the assessment of response to specific treatments.
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Martin MJ, Chung EML, Goodall AH, Della Martina A, Ramnarine KV, Fan L, Hainsworth SV, Naylor AR, Evans DH. Enhanced Detection of Thromboemboli With the Use of Targeted Microbubbles. Stroke 2007; 38:2726-32. [PMID: 17823379 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.489435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Targeted ultrasound contrast agents have recently been developed to adhere selectively to specific pathogenic materials such as plaque or thrombus. Administration of such microbubbles has potential to aid transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) detection of emboli and to act as markers for distinguishing one embolic material from another. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TCD detection of circulating thrombus emboli would be enhanced by the addition of targeted microbubbles.
Methods—
Binding of microbubbles to the surface of the thrombus was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Targeted and control bubbles were then introduced to thrombus and tissue-mimicking material circulated under pulsatile-flow conditions in an in vitro flow rig. Embolic signal intensities before and after introduction of the bubbles were measured by TCD.
Results—
Targeted microbubbles enhanced TCD signal intensities from thrombus emboli by up to 13 dB. The bubbles were capable of binding to moving thrombus when injected into the flow circuit in low concentrations (≈36 bubbles per 100 mL) and were retained on the thrombus under pulsatile-flow conditions. Signal intensities from similarly sized pieces of tissue-mimicking material were not enhanced by injection of targeted bubbles.
Conclusions—
Injection of appropriately targeted microbubbles significantly enhances TCD detection of circulating thrombus emboli in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Martin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Abstract
Interest in microbubbles as vehicles for drug delivery has grown in recent years, due in part to characteristics that make them well suited for this role and in part to the need the for localized delivery of drugs in a number of applications. Microbubbles are inherently small, allowing transvascular passage, they can be functionalized for targeted adhesion, and can be acoustically driven, which facilitates ultrasound detection, production of bioeffects and controlled release of the cargo. This article provides an overview of related microbubble biofluid mechanics and reviews recent developments in the application of microbubbles for targeted drug delivery. Additionally, related advances in non-bubble microparticles for drug delivery are briefly described in the context of targeted adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Bull
- The University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2142 Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1107 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Martina AD, Meyer-Wiethe K, Allémann E, Seidel G. Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Brain Perfusion Imaging and Ischemic Stroke Therapy. J Neuroimaging 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2005.tb00314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Thomasson DM, Gharib A, Li KCP. A primer on molecular biology for imagers: VIII. Equipment for imaging molecular processes. Acad Radiol 2004; 11:1159-70. [PMID: 15530810 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Thomasson
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182, USA
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Hauff P, Reinhardt M, Briel A, Debus N, Schirner M. Molecular Targeting of Lymph Nodes with L-Selectin Ligand-specific US Contrast Agent: A Feasibility Study in Mice and Dogs. Radiology 2004; 231:667-73. [PMID: 15118116 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2313030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of using intravenously administered L-selectin ligand-specific polymer-stabilized air-filled microparticles (MPs) for active targeting of peripheral lymph nodes under normal conditions in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS L-selectin ligand-specific MPs and two control substances (immunoglobulin M-isotype MPs and native MPs) were each administered in three conscious mice as a single intravenous bolus injection (1.4 x 10(7) MPs/kg). All mice were sacrificed 30 minutes after administration. Lymph nodes (cervical, inguinal, axillary, popliteal, mesenteric), spleen (positive control), and kidney (blood pool control) were removed and examined for MP-related stimulated acoustic emission (SAE) signals by using harmonic color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in a tank containing degassed water. A second experiment was performed in six anesthetized beagle dogs by using the same MP formulation. Each of the MP formulations was administered in two anesthetized dogs as a single intravenous bolus injection (1 x 10(7) MPs/kg). The popliteal lymph nodes, spleen (positive control), and kidney (blood pool control) were examined in vivo with US for MP-related SAE signals 30 minutes after administration. Fisher exact test for the one-side alternative was used for mouse data analysis. RESULTS The lymph nodes of all mice (P =.05) and the popliteal lymph nodes of both dogs treated with L-selectin ligand-specific MPs showed clear MP-related SAE signals, whereas the lymph nodes of all mice and the popliteal lymph nodes of four dogs that received the control substances did not show any SAE signals. CONCLUSION Use of an intravenously administered L-selectin ligand-specific US contrast agent is feasible for active lymph node targeting in mice and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hauff
- Research Laboratories, Schering, Müllerstrasse 178, D-13342 Berlin, Germany.
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Meairs S, Hennerici M, Mohr J. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/b0-44-306600-0/50026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
This review summarizes the rapidly growing field of molecular imaging, the spatially localized and/or temporally resolved sensing of molecular and cellular processes in vivo. Molecular imaging is used to map the anatomic locations of specific molecules of interest within living tissue and has enormous potential as a powerful means to diagnose and monitor disease. Molecular imaging agents comprise a targeting component that confers localization and a component that enables external detectability with an imaging modality, such as PET, SPECT, MRI, optical, and ultrasound. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these modalities are discussed in regard to spatial resolution, temporal resolution, sensitivity, and cost. Molecular imaging agents can be divided into three categories, Type A, which bind directly to a target molecule, Type B, which are accumulated by molecular or cellular activity by the target, and Type C, which are undetectable when injected but can be imaged after they are activated by the target. The current status of clinical molecular imaging agents is presented as well as examples of some preclinical applications. The value of molecular imaging is illustrated by some examples for diseases such as cancer, neurological and psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, infection and inflammation, and the monitoring of gene therapy and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Miller
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Mattrey
- Dept of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 410 Dickinson St., San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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