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Smith MH, Moynihan J. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the oral cavity: a report of 5 new cases with comprehensive review of the literature and clinicohistopathologic features. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 135:410-426. [PMID: 36739213 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor with an enigmatic histogenesis and striking predilection for the tongue. We present 5 new cases and review the literature. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective search for ECTs within the University of Kentucky Oral Pathology Biopsy Service and the published literature. RESULTS Five new cases from the biopsy archives and 103 well-documented ECT cases from the literature were compiled and reviewed. Whereas 89.8% of ECT are found on the anterior/dorsal/lateral/unspecified tongue, 4.6% are on the posterior/base of tongue. Six extralingual cases are reported. The age ranges from 2.3 to 78 years with an average of 40. Most ECT react with GFAP (92.8%) and S-100 protein (91.3%). Whereas 21/23 cases demonstrated a RREB1-MKL2 fusion, EWSR1 gene mutations are identified in 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS Most ECT are readily diagnosed on routine histopathology in combination with tumor site, immunohistochemical findings, and molecular findings; however, a subset share overlapping features with myoepithelioma of soft parts. As further molecular analysis is performed on this tumor, we may find that a subset of previously diagnosed ECT relate to or represent myoepithelioma or conversely fall under the spectrum of the pluripotent ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Housley Smith
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jack Moynihan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA
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2
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Naidoo S, Roode GJ, Bütow KW, Meer S. Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor: A Rare Association With an Asymmetrical Soft Palate Cleft. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:932-937. [PMID: 34459667 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211035029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare oral lesion first described by Smith et al. in 1995. These tumors are typically painless, slow growing and benign masses occurring predominantly on the anterior tongue dorsum. Prior to this seminal report, many ECTs may have been misdiagnosed due to the histological similarities with other lesions. Immunohistochemical stains aid in definitive diagnosis of an ECT. A total of 39 papers since published have reported 96 patients with ECT. Most lesions involve the anterior aspect of the tongue, with only 6 occurring in the posterior tongue and 2 involving the hard palate. ECTs are considered to develop from ectomesenchymal cells of neural crest cells that have migrated to the tongue during embryological development. This paper is of a rare case of ECT of the posterolateral tongue occurring in association with an unusual asymmetrical soft palate cleft. It is postulated that since the tongue develops before the formation of the soft palate, an ECT lesion occurring on the posterior aspect may have a causal contribution to the development of the soft palate cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Naidoo
- Mediclinic Midstream Hospital, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,Facial Cleft Deformity Clinic, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gieljam J Roode
- Department of Anatomy, 72042Faculty of Basic Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Kurt W Bütow
- Life Wilgers Hospital, Wilgers, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Shabnum Meer
- Department of Oral Pathology, 37708Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Riju J, Ahamed S, Thomas R, Telugu RB. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour: an uncommon characteristic tumour of the anterior tongue. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/10/e231278. [PMID: 31653634 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour (ECMT) is a rare benign tumour which classically presents in the anterior tongue. This tumour is grossly under-reported due to lack of immunohistochemical staining in many centres. We report a 46-year-old man who presented with mass in the anterior tongue and was diagnosed with ECMT. Further management of this lesion is explained with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyashanth Riju
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Shameer Ahamed
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Regi Thomas
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ramesh Babu Telugu
- Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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4
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Truschnegg A, Acham S, Kqiku L, Jakse N, Beham A. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: a comprehensive updated review of the literature and case report. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:4. [PMID: 29491357 PMCID: PMC5944469 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-017-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompted by a unique case of an ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) of the palate in a 54-year-old female, we reviewed the English and German literature on this entity until the end of 2016 using PubMed. The search produced 74 lingual cases with a nearly equal sex distribution and a mean age of 39.3 years, and two extra-lingual cases sharing histological and immunohistological features including nodular growth, round, fusiform or spindle-shaped cellular architecture, and chondromyxoid stroma. Immunophenotyping showed the majority of cases to be positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, glycoprotein CD57, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA); in isolated cases there was molecular-genetic rearrangement or gain of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) but no rearrangement of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). At present, ectomesenchymal cells that migrate from the neural crest are considered to play a pivotal role in tumor origin. All cases had a benign course, although there were three recurrences. Because of the rarity of this tumor and the need for differential diagnostic differentiation from myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma, both oral surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Truschnegg
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Stephan Acham
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lumnije Kqiku
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Preventive an Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology, Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Implantology, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Jakse
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Beham
- IMAH, Institute of Morphological Analytics and Human Genetics, Grabenstraße 23, 8010, Graz, Austria
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5
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AlZamel HA, AlBader A, Nawaz Bhat I. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid neoplasm. An unusual presentation. A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 41:162-164. [PMID: 29080442 PMCID: PMC5686041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare benign intraoral tumor. Till date not more than 45 cases have been reported in literature. Histopathologically the tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, lobular proliferation of round, polygonal, ovoid or fusiform cells in a net-like pattern in a myxoid to chondromyxoid background. Here, we present a rare case of ECMT occurring in a 17 years old male who presented to us with chief complaint of slow growing painless mass arising from anterior Dorsum of the tongue measuring about 1.5 cms × 1.5 cms. Mass was completely resected as excisional biopsy, it was found un encapsulated with muscle entrapment.
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare benign intraoral tumor. Clinically, it presents as a slow growing, painless, firm, submucosal swelling exclusively occurring on the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Till date not more than 45 cases have been reported in literature. Histopathologically the tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, lobular proliferation of round, polygonal, ovoid or fusiform cells in a net-like pattern in a myxoid to chondromyxoid background. Here, we present a rare case of ECMT occurring in a 17 years old male who presented to us with chief complaint of slow growing painless mass arising from anterior Dorsum of the tongue measuring about 1.5 cms × 1.5 cms. Mass was completely resected as excisional biopsy, it was found un encapsulated with muscle entrapment.
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6
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Clinical features of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumors: A systematic review of the literature. Oral Oncol 2017; 67:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Laco J, Mottl R, Höbling W, Ihrler S, Grossmann P, Skalova A, Ryska A. Cyclin D1 Expression in Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor of the Anterior Tongue. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:586-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896916652221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare benign tumor of uncertain lineage, which almost exclusively affects the anterior tongue. Herein, we report 2 cases of ECT occurring in 58- and 56-year-old males on the right and on the left side of the dorsum of the anterior tongue, measuring 18 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Despite positive resection margin in one case, none of the tumors recurred during follow-up of 6 and 5 years. Microscopically, both tumors had lobular architecture with a mixture of solid, microcystic, and chondromyxoid areas. The tumor cells were polygonal or elongated and showed mild atypia in one case. Immunohistochemically, both tumors showed diffuse expression of vimentin and focal positivity of CD10 and of smooth muscle actin. Regarding neural tissue-related markers, there was nearly diffuse expression of CD56 and neuron-specific enolase and focal positivity of PGP 9.5 in both cases and variable expression of CD57, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein. Interestingly, we observed diffuse expression of SOX10 in one case. In both tumors, diffuse strong nuclear expression of cyclin D1 was present, without CCND1/IGH translocation or CCND1 amplification. The EWSR1 gene rearrangement was not detected. To the best of our knowledge, expression of SOX10, which may support neural crest origin of this peculiar lesion, has not been reported in ECT. The significance of strong cyclin D1 expression remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Mottl
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Höbling
- Institut für Pathologie und Zytodiagnostik, Klinikum Wels – Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Stephan Ihrler
- Labor für Dermatohistologie und Oralpathologie, München, Germany
| | | | - Alena Skalova
- Bioptic Laboratory, ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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8
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Stecco A, Quagliozzi M, Pino M, Spina P, Pia F, Boldorini R, Carriero A. An unusual case of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour of the left tonsillar bed: imaging and histopathologic features. BJR Case Rep 2016; 2:20150183. [PMID: 30459964 PMCID: PMC6243341 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a rare soft-palatal and parapharyngeal mass in an adult woman. A 71-year-old female presented with a huge mass protruding from the soft palate, complaining about difficulty in swallowing for the past 4 months. After inspection and ear nose and throat fibroscopy, in which the mass appeared regular-shaped and with a regular mucosa, the patient underwent a CT scan and MRI examination. The CT scan showed an oval, not-infiltrating, hypodense mass including a discrete irregular-shaped central calcification, while the MRI examination confirmed the non-infiltrating growth and showed that around the calcified core, the lesion was surrounded by fat. After surgical removal, the histopathologic diagnosis was that of an "ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour". Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour is a rare benign neoplasm arising from the tongue. Although only 45 cases have been reported in the literature, there are several unique features that define this lesion. Ours is the first case with a complete CT scan and MRI with diffusion imaging description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stecco
- Radiology Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Quagliozzi
- Radiology Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pino
- ENT Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Spina
- Pathology Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Franco Pia
- ENT Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Pathology Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Radiology Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
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9
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Aldojain A, Jaradat J, Summersgill K, Bilodeau EA. Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor: A Series of Seven Cases and Review of the Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 9:315-22. [PMID: 25404177 PMCID: PMC4542793 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumors (ECT) are rare, benign, intraoral mesenchymal soft tissue tumors that can be diagnostically challenging. In this study the demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of seven ECTs are examined. The differential diagnosis of this rare neoplasm is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Aldojain
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jumana Jaradat
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kurt Summersgill
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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10
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Kale H, Mistry DM, Vasant RK, Jadeja NR, Baranwal M. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: A rare case report. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:558-60. [PMID: 25395780 PMCID: PMC4229773 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.142832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis, which exclusively involves the oral cavity, particularly the tongue. Clinically, it presents as slow growing, painless, firm, submucosal swelling exclusively occurring on the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Histopathologically, it comprised well circumscribed, unencapsulated lobular proliferation of fusiform and polygonal cells, with varying degree of cellularity, with neoplastic cells often seen in a myxoid, chondroid or hyalinized background. Until date, only 40 cases have been reported in the literature. Most documented lesions involve anterior tongue, however 2 cases in posterior tongue and one palatal tumor has been described. Here, we present a rare case diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as (ECMT) in a 7-year-old girl with the size of the lesion 5.0 cm making this case even rarer and throwing some light on this distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kale
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Santej, Gujarat, India
| | - Devang M Mistry
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Santej, Gujarat, India
| | - Richa K Vasant
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Santej, Gujarat, India
| | - Nileshwari R Jadeja
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Santej, Gujarat, India
| | - Malaykumar Baranwal
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Santej, Gujarat, India
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11
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Closmann JJ, Eliot CA, Foss RD. Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor: Report of a Case With Description of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Findings. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:545-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the tongue: insights on histogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Palma Guzmán JM, de Andrade BAB, Rizo VHT, Romañach MJ, León JE, de Almeida OP. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of two cases without a chondroid component. J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39:781-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2012.01910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pak MG, Kim KB, Shin N, Kim WK, Shin DH, Choi KU, Sol MY. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor in the anterior tongue: case report of a unique tumor. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 46:192-6. [PMID: 23110000 PMCID: PMC3479778 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2012.46.2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare tumor, exclusively arising in the anterior tongue. Thirty-eight cases have been reported in the English literature. It usually presents as a sessile protrusion and shows round to spindle cells embedded in myxoid to chondroid stroma. Tumor cells are almost always positive for polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We report our experience in the recent treatment of a case of ECMT, the third case in 3 years. The mass in the anterior tongue revealed characteristic morphologic features of ECMT and the expression of polyclonal GFAP. Although ECMT should be differentiated from other mesenchymal tumors including myoepithelioma, its clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features enable its diagnosis, especially when pathologists are aware of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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15
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Gouvêa AF, Díaz KP, Léon JE, Vargas PA, de Almeida OP, Lopes MA. Nodular lesion in the anterior hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:154-9. [PMID: 22769404 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Ferreira Gouvêa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Semiology and Oral Pathology Sections, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Woo SB. Diseases of the oral mucosa. MCKEE'S PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN 2012:362-436. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5649-2.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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17
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Leeky M, Narayan T, Shenoy S, Jamadar S. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: Review of literature and a report of a rare case. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2011; 15:74-9. [PMID: 21731283 PMCID: PMC3125662 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.80021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare benign intraoral tumor. Clinically, it presents as a slow growing, painless, firm, submucosal sweling exclusively occurring on the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Till date only 40 cases have been reported in literature. Histopathologically the tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, lobular proliferation of round, polygonal, ovoid or fusiform cells in a net-like pattern in a myxoid to chondromyxoid background. Here, we present a rare case of ECMT occurring in a 7-year-old boy and throw some light on this distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanty Leeky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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18
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Sengul D, Sengul I, Ozdol MU, Astarci MH, Ustun H. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the anterior tongue: A rare case. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:203-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Reticulated myxoid tumor of the tongue: 2 cases supporting an expanded clinical and immunophenotypic spectrum of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the tongue. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 32:660-4. [PMID: 20661118 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3181d7d3bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare neoplasm that exclusively occurs in the anterior dorsum of the tongue. The tumor consists of small round to fusiform or spindle cells with myxoid or chondroid stroma. The tumor consistently shows a positive reaction with glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies, especially polyclonal antibodies. We report 2 cases of reticulated myxoid tumors arising in the tongue. One tumor occurred in the posterior dorsum of the tongue and another in the anterior. Both tumors showed characteristic morphology of ECMT; however, both were negative for reactions with monoclonal and polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. On the basis of morphology, they are thought to be belonging to ECMT. Hence, we suggest that ECMT can show broader spectrum of clinical and immunophenotypic feature.
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Nikitakis NG, Argyris P, Sklavounou A, Papadimitriou JC. Oral myoepithelioma of soft tissue origin: report of a new case and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:e48-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Pires FR, Abrahão AC, Cabral MG, Azevedo RS, Horta MCR, Martins CR, de Almeida OP, Chen SY. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:914-9. [PMID: 19800267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor is a rare oral soft tissue neoplasm that should be differentiated from other neural and chondromyxoid entities. The aim of this study was to report the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of 3 additional cases of this condition. METHODS Clinical data were obtained from the clinical records and all cases were evaluated through light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to cytokeratins, vimentin, S100 protein, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and glial fibrilary acidic protein. RESULTS All 3 cases affected the tongue as a long-lasting submucosal swelling and were managed through conservative surgery. They all showed myxoid and chondroid histological patterns, and vimentin, S100, and glial fibrilary acidic protein immunoexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the typical features of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor previously described, helping to confirm and establish the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical profile of this uncommon lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ramôa Pires
- School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Portnof JE, Friedman JM, Reich R, Freedman PD, Behrman DA. Oral ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e20-4. [PMID: 19716722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) of the oral cavity is a rare lesion. We describe the 33rd reported case in the current English-language literature. This patient had originally presented 5 years earlier with a tongue neoplasm with biopsy results consistent with nerve sheath myxoma. A general surgical pathologist gave the patient's current lesion a preliminary diagnosis of low-grade sarcoma. After further evaluation by an oral and maxillofacial pathologist, the diagnosis of ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor was established. It is important for clinicians to have a better understanding of ECMT, so as to avoid future misdiagnosis of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Portnof
- Division of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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Handa U, Dhingra N, Chopra R, Mohan H. Pleomorphic adenoma: Cytologic variations and potential diagnostic pitfalls. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:11-5. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor is a relatively recently described neoplasm that appears to involve uniquely the oral cavity, particularly the tongue. Thirty well-accepted cases have been reported since the initial description of this lesion in 1995. While a wide age range (9-78 years) has been documented, most of these tumors are diagnosed from the third to sixth decades of life. No sex predilection is seen. The size of the neoplasm is typically <2 cm, and most affect the anterior dorsal tongue. The duration of the lesion was difficult to gauge, probably due to the asymptomatic nature of the process. Some tumors, however, were well documented to have been present for as long as 10-20 years. Histopathologically, the ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, but unencapsulated, lobular growth pattern. Varying degrees of cellularity are noted, with the lesional cells often set in a myxoid, chondroid or hyalinized background. Immunohistochemical studies reveal positivity of the lesional cells for antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein, cytokeratins, S-100 protein and CD-57 in the majority of tumors. Treatment consists of conservative surgical excision, and while recurrence is possible, it has been noted in <10% of reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Allen
- College of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43218-2357, USA.
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25
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Seckin D, Demirkesen C, Gurbuz O. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the anterior aspect of the tongue. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:S23-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Goveas N, Ethunandan M, Cowlishaw D, Flood TR. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour of the tongue: Unlikely to originate from myoepithelial cells. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:1026-8. [PMID: 17011812 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour is a recently described rare entity found almost exclusively in the anterior dorsum of the tongue. We report an additional case, review the pertinent literature and explore the histogenesis of the lesion. The lesion has no discriminating clinical features and diagnosis is only established following histopathological examination including immunohistochemical assessment. The histogenesis of the lesion remains speculative and our study seems to discount myoepithelial cells as a potential source.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Goveas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, United Kingdom
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27
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Abstract
Soft tissue myoepitheliomas, in contrast to salivary gland myoepitheliomas, are benign neoplasms that typically occur in the soft tissues of the extremities. Both are characterized by a multilobular proliferation of polygonal to fusiform cells embedded in a variably myxoid to chondromyxoid matrix. A histologically similar lesion that has a marked predilection for the anterior dorsum of the tongue has been referred to as ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor. The morphological and immunohistochemical resemblance of soft tissue myoepitheliomas to ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumors has led to the use of these designations interchangeably. We present a case of myoepithelioma of the tongue and review the literature, with emphasis on the differential diagnosis and histogenesis of this lesion and pertinent nosologic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Luo Kei Woo
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dental Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
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28
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Nigam S, Dhingra KK, Gulati A. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the hard palate - a case report. J Oral Pathol Med 2006; 35:126-8. [PMID: 16430745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare tumor. Only 26 cases of ECMT have been reported, all occurred in the anterior tongue. We present a case of a 30-year-old male with a nodule in the hard palate, which was reported as ECMT on histopathology. The differential diagnosis considered included are extraskeletal myxoid chondroma, ECMT, pleomorphic adenoma, oral focal mucinosis, chondroid choristoma, and ossifying fibromyxoid tumor. After serial sections no other component was observed and a diagnosis of ECMT was made by exclusion. The patient is asymptomatic on follow up. A review of existing literature is also presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Nigam
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India.
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29
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Kaplan I, Anavi Y, Calderon S. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour of the anterior tongue. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:404-7. [PMID: 15145046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour (ECT) of the anterior tongue was first described in 1995. To date, only 23 cases have been reported in the literature. Two new cases of ECT have been described, with immunohistochemical analysis including cytokeratin (CK) profile, GFAP, S-100 protein, SMA, CD-57, EMA, desmin and Ki67. Tumour cells showed intense and diffuse staining for GFAP and diffuse staining for S-100 protein. Pan-keratin, high- and low-molecular-weight CK, CK 7, 8, 18, 19 and 20 were negative. Tumour cells were also negative for desmin, SMA, CD-57 and EMA. Ki67 was positive in only scattered cells. The findings of the present study support the suggested ectomesenchymal origin for ECT, rather than myoepithelial salivary gland origin. The low Ki67 expression is in agreement with the low growth rate, small size and lack of mitotic activity in the present cases, as well as in those previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kaplan
- Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
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30
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Ide F, Mishima K, Saito I. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of the anterior tongue with myxoglobulosislike change. Virchows Arch 2003; 442:302-3. [PMID: 12647223 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-003-0781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2002] [Accepted: 01/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Lee FP. Whitish lobulated tumor of the tongue. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 92:367-9. [PMID: 11598568 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.117807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F P Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
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32
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Peñarrocha M, Bonet J, Minguez JM, Vera F. Nerve sheath myxoma (neurothekeoma) in the tongue of a newborn. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2000; 90:74-7. [PMID: 10884639 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nerve sheath myxoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that rarely occurs in the oral cavity; experience with these lesions is therefore limited. The lesion described in this report appeared clinically as a gradually enlarging, painless growth arising on the tongue of a newborn girl. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by nodules of spindle-shaped cells with abundant myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical studies were consistent with a nerve sheath neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peñarrocha
- Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Michal M, Skálová A, Simpson RH, Raslan WF, Curík R, Leivo I, Mukensnábl P. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue: a hitherto unrecognized type of adenocarcinoma characteristically occurring in the tongue. Histopathology 1999; 35:495-501. [PMID: 10583573 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We report a review of our institutional and consultation files in order to select cases of hitherto unrecognized type of adenocarcinoma occurring in the tongue. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Eight cases of a characteristic adenocarcinoma of the tongue resembled solid and follicular variants of the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. All the tumours were unencapsulated and were divided by fibrous septa into lobules. Major parts of the lesions were composed of areas with solid and microcystic growth patterns. The most striking cytological feature was that the tumour nuclei were pale-staining with a 'ground glass' quality, and they often appeared to overlap. Immunohistochemically, the tumours expressed cytokeratin and S100 protein and, focally, actin; thyroglobulin was negative. Ultrastructurally the cells had clefted nuclei, and the cytoplasm contained a few mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. Many tumour cells had combined features of both myoepithelial and secretory differentiation-well formed microvilli on their apical borders and bundles of microfilaments. At first presentation, all eight patients had metastases in the regional neck lymph nodes, but all are alive 2-6 years after the initial excision and irradiation. CONCLUSION We describe a distinctive type of adenocarcinoma of the tongue, for which we propose the name cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue (CAT). CAT usually presents with metastases in the neck lymph nodes at the time of presentation. We hypothesize that the tumour might arise from the thyroglossal duct anlage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Charles University in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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