1
|
Kim SY, Choi YY, Kwon EJ, Seo S, Kim WY, Park SH, Park S, Chin HJ, Na KY, Kim S. Characterizing Glomerular Barrier Dysfunction with Patient-Derived Serum in Glomerulus-on-a-Chip Models: Unveiling New Insights into Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5121. [PMID: 38791159 PMCID: PMC11121116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is characterized by podocyte injury or glomerular filtration dysfunction, which results in proteinuria and eventual loss of kidney function. Progress in studying the mechanism of GN, and developing an effective therapy, has been limited by the absence of suitable in vitro models that can closely recapitulate human physiological responses. We developed a microfluidic glomerulus-on-a-chip device that can recapitulate the physiological environment to construct a functional filtration barrier, with which we investigated biological changes in podocytes and dynamic alterations in the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) on a chip. We also evaluated the potential of GN-mimicking devices as a model for predicting responses to human GN. Glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes successfully formed intact monolayers on opposite sides of the membrane in our chip device. Permselectivity analysis confirmed that the chip was constituted by a functional GFB that could accurately perform differential clearance of albumin and dextran. Reduction in cell viability resulting from damage was observed in all serum-induced GN models. The expression of podocyte-specific marker WT1 was also decreased. Albumin permeability was increased in most models of serum-induced IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN). However, sera from patients with minimal change disease (MCD) or lupus nephritis (LN) did not induce a loss of permeability. This glomerulus-on-a-chip system may provide a platform of glomerular cell culture for in vitro GFB in formation of a functional three-dimensional glomerular structure. Establishing a disease model of GN on a chip could accelerate our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of glomerulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (W.Y.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Yun Yeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (W.Y.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Eun Jeong Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (S.P.); (K.Y.N.)
| | - Seungwan Seo
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si 28161, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Wan Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (W.Y.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Sung Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (W.Y.K.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (S.P.); (K.Y.N.)
| | - Ho Jun Chin
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si 28161, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ki Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (S.P.); (K.Y.N.)
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (W.Y.K.); (S.H.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (S.P.); (K.Y.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wineberg Y, Bar-Lev TH, Futorian A, Ben-Haim N, Armon L, Ickowicz D, Oriel S, Bucris E, Yehuda Y, Pode-Shakked N, Gilad S, Benjamin S, Hohenstein P, Dekel B, Urbach A, Kalisky T. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals mRNA Splice Isoform Switching during Kidney Development. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2278-2291. [PMID: 32651222 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During mammalian kidney development, nephron progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and eventually differentiate into the various tubular segments of the nephron. Recently, Drop-seq single-cell RNA sequencing technology for measuring gene expression from thousands of individual cells identified the different cell types in the developing kidney. However, that analysis did not include the additional layer of heterogeneity that alternative mRNA splicing creates. METHODS Full transcript length single-cell RNA sequencing characterized the transcriptomes of 544 individual cells from mouse embryonic kidneys. RESULTS Gene expression levels measured with full transcript length single-cell RNA sequencing identified each cell type. Further analysis comprehensively characterized splice isoform switching during the transition between mesenchymal and epithelial cellular states, which is a key transitional process in kidney development. The study also identified several putative splicing regulators, including the genes Esrp1/2 and Rbfox1/2. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of the sets of genes that are alternatively spliced as the fetal kidney mesenchyme differentiates into tubular epithelium will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Wineberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Hana Bar-Lev
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anna Futorian
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nissim Ben-Haim
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Debby Ickowicz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sarit Oriel
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yishai Yehuda
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sima Benjamin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Department of Bioengineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao YJ, Huang RS, Lai WJ, Liu F, Ma L, Xie YS, Salerno S, Li Y, Fu P. Effects of Cyclosporine A on the Development of Metanephros in the Pregnant BALB/c Mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2156-2162. [PMID: 28875951 PMCID: PMC5598326 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.213971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a commonly used clinical immunosuppressant. However, CsA exposure in rabbits during the gestation period was shown to cause a postnatal decrease in the number of nephrons, with the effects remaining unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of CsA on metanephros development in the pregnant BALB/c mice. Methods: Pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups, and CsA (10 mg·kg−1·d−1) was subcutaneously injected from gestation day 10.5 to day 16.5 in the CsA group, whereas a comparable volume of normal saline was given to the control group. All of the mice were sacrificed on gestation day 17.5 and serum CsA concentration was measured. The fetuses were removed and weighed, and their kidneys were prepared for histological assessment and polymerase chain reaction assay. In an in vitro experiment, embryo kidneys of fetal mice on gestation day 12.5 were used, and CsA (10 μmol/L) was added in the culture of the CsA group. The growth pattern of the ureteric bud and nephrons was assessed by lectin staining. Results: No significant differences in the weight of embryo (4.54 ± 1.22 vs. 3.26 ± 1.09 mg) were observed between the CsA and control groups, the thickness of the cortical (510.0 ± 30.3 vs. 350.0 ± 29.7 μm, P < 0.05) and nephrogenic zone (272.5 ± 17.2 vs. 173.3 ± 24.0 μm, P < 0.05), and the number of glomeruli (36.5 ± 0.7 vs. 27.5 ± 2.1, P < 0.05) were reduced in the CsA group when compared to the control group. The cell proliferation of Ki-67 positive index between control and CsA group (307.0 ± 20.0 vs. 219.0 ± 25.0, P < 0.05) in the nephrogenic zone was decreased with the increase of apoptotic cells (17.0 ± 2.0 vs. 159.0 ± 33.0, P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of WT-1, Pax2, and Pax8 was downregulated by CsA treatment. As for the in vitro CsA group, the branch number of the ureteric bud was decreased in the CsA-treated group with the nephrons missing in contrast to control after the incubation for 24 h and 72 h (all P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Treatment of CsA suppressed metanephros development in the pregnant mice; however, the potential action of mechanism needs to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liao
- Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong-Shuang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Jing Lai
- Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Stephen Salerno
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazzei L, Manucha W. Growing evidence suggests WT1 effects in the kidney development are modulated by Hsp70/NO interaction. J Nephrol 2016; 30:11-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
5
|
Mazzei L, García M, Calvo JP, Casarotto M, Fornés M, Abud MA, Cuello-Carrión D, Ferder L, Manucha W. Changes in renal WT-1 expression preceding hypertension development. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:34. [PMID: 27009470 PMCID: PMC4806522 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a public health problem with mostly unknown causes, and where strong hereditary genetic alterations have not been fully elucidated. However, the use of experimental models has provided valuable information. Recent evidences suggest that alterations in key nephrogenic factors, such as Wilms’ tumor 1 transcription factor (WT-1), could contribute to the development of hypertension. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the expression of WT-1 and related genes in the nephrogenic process in connection with the development of hypertension as well as the corresponding anatomical and functional correlation. Methods Male spontaneously hypertensive and control rats were evaluated weekly from birth until week 8 of life. Their blood pressure was taken weekly using the tail-cuff blood pressure system. Weekly, 5 rats per group were sacrificed with a lethal injection of pentobarbital, and their kidneys were removed, decapsulated and weighed. The serum was collected for measuring biochemical parameters. The results were assessed using one-way analysis of variance for comparisons between groups. Results The relationship between renal weight/total body weights was established, without significantly different values. These data were compared with apoptosis, fibrosis, number and size of the glomeruli. The elevation of systolic blood pressure was significant since week 6. Biochemical values differed slightly. Histology showed a slight increase in deposits of collagen fibers since week 4. Additionally, in kidney cortices, the expression of WT-1, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) decreased since week 4. Finally, we demonstrated ultrastructural damage to mitochondria since week 4. Conclusions Our results would suggest an unprecedented link, possibly a regulatory mechanism, between WT-1 on nephrogenic alteration processes and their relationship with hypertension. Moreover, and previous to the increase in blood pressure, we demonstrated low expressions of WT-1, VDR and Hsp70 in kidneys from neonatal SHRs. If so, this may suggest that deregulation in the expression of WT-1 and its impact on nephrogenesis induction could be crucial in understanding the development and maintenance of hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0250-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mazzei
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Mercedes García
- Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Calvo
- Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Mariana Casarotto
- Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Miguel Fornés
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Angélica Abud
- Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Darío Cuello-Carrión
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Puerto Rico University, Puerto Rico, EEUU, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. .,Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Semiautomated quantitative image analysis of glomerular immunohistochemistry markers desmin, vimentin, podocin, synaptopodin and WT-1 in acute and chronic rat kidney disease models. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:315-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
7
|
Menendez-Castro C, Hilgers KF, Amann K, Daniel C, Cordasic N, Wachtveitl R, Fahlbusch F, Plank C, Dötsch J, Rascher W, Hartner A. Intrauterine growth restriction leads to a dysregulation of Wilms' tumour supressor gene 1 (WT1) and to early podocyte alterations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1407-17. [PMID: 23229934 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to low nephron number and higher incidence of renal disease. We hypothesized that IUGR induces early podocyte alterations based on a dysregulation of Wilms' tumour suppressor gene 1 (WT1), a key player of nephrogenesis and mediator of podocyte integrity. METHODS IUGR was induced in rats by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. Kidneys were harvested from male offspring at Days 1 and 70 of life. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed in renal tissue. Albuminuria was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS At Day 70 of life, higher albuminuria and overt alterations of podocyte ultrastructure were detected in IUGR animals in spite of normal blood pressure. Moreover, we found increased glomerular immunoreactivity and expression of desmin, while synaptopodin and nephrin were decreased. Glomerular immunoreactivity and expression of WT1 were increased in IUGR animals at this time point with an altered expressional ratio of WT1 +KTS and -KTS isoforms. These changes of WT1 expression were already present at the time of birth. CONCLUSIONS IUGR results in early podocyte damage possibly due to a dysregulation of WT1. We suggest that an imbalance of WT1 isoforms to the disadvantage of -KTS affects nephrogenesis in IUGR rats and that persistent dysregulation of WT1 results in a reduced ability to maintain podocyte integrity, rendering IUGR rats more susceptible for renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
The podocyte as a target: cyclosporin A in the management of the nephrotic syndrome caused by WT1 mutations. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:1377-83. [PMID: 21298518 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-011-1397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome secondary to WT1-associated glomerulopathies (WT1-GP) were considered unresponsive to cyclosporin A (CsA). This assumption is challenged by the findings of recent studies. The patients of these studies had different types of WT1 mutations and varying clinical presentations. However, all of them were of young age and the favourable response to CsA might be the result of treatment at an early stage of the disease. The additional administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may have contributed to the positive outcome. We review recent data on the role of WT1 in the development of WT1-GP and discuss putative therapeutic targets explaining the therapeutic effect of CsA.
Collapse
|
9
|
Polák J, Hájková H, Maalaufová-Soukupová J, Marková J, Sálek C, Schwarz J, Haškovec C. Estimation of molecular upper remission limit for monitoring minimal residual disease in peripheral blood of acute myeloid leukemia patients by WT1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:129-133. [PMID: 22969857 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, approximately one half of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients do not have a suitable specific molecular marker for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD). The Wilm's tumour gene (WT1) has been suggested as a possible molecular marker of MRD in AML. The expression of WT1 in peripheral blood (PB) was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in peripheral leukocytes from 151 patients with AML at diagnosis. WT1 expression was significantly elevated, i.e. up to 3 orders of magnitude in the majority (80%) of AML patients at diagnosis compared to the PB of healthy donors. Sequence samples of the long-term followed-up AML patients treated with chemotherapy and/or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were analysed for WT1 expression. The results revealed that the hematological relapses were preceded (median, 1.8 months) by an increase in WT1 gene expression. For the practical utility of this gene as a molecular marker of relapse, it was necessary to determine an upper remission limit, crossing which would signal hematological relapse. The upper remission limit was determined in our set of patients to be 0.02 WT1/ABL. The AML patients who consequently relapsed crossed this upper remission limit; however, those in permanent remission did not. Therefore, this upper remission limit could be taken as the border of molecular relapse of AML patients. Moreover, insufficient decline of WT1 expression under the upper remission limit following induction and/or consolidation therapy was associated with markedly high risk of relapse. The results show that our upper remission limit can be taken as the border of molecular relapse of AML patients and WT1 levels following initial therapy as a beneficial prognostic marker.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lange J, Peterson SM, Takashima JR, Grigoriev Y, Ritchey ML, Shamberger RC, Beckwith JB, Perlman E, Green DM, Breslow NE. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in non-WT1-syndromic Wilms tumor. J Urol 2011; 186:378-86. [PMID: 21683387 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed risk factors for end stage renal disease in patients with Wilms tumor without known WT1 related syndromes. We hypothesized that patients with characteristics suggestive of a WT1 etiology (early onset, stromal predominant histology, intralobar nephrogenic rests) would have a higher risk of end stage renal disease due to chronic renal failure. We predicted a high risk of end stage renal disease due to progressive bilateral Wilms tumor in patients with metachronous bilateral disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS End stage renal disease was ascertained in 100 of 7,950 nonsyndromic patients enrolled in a National Wilms Tumor Study during 1969 to 2002. Risk factors were evaluated with cumulative incidence curves and proportional hazard regressions. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of end stage renal disease due to chronic renal failure 20 years after Wilms tumor diagnosis was 0.7%. For end stage renal disease due to progressive bilateral Wilms tumor the incidence was 4.0% at 3 years after diagnosis in patients with synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor and 19.3% in those with metachronous bilateral Wilms tumor. For end stage renal disease due to chronic renal failure stromal predominant histology had a HR of 6.4 relative to mixed (95% CI 3.4, 11.9; p<0.001), intralobar rests had a HR of 5.9 relative to no rests (95% CI 2.0, 17.3; p=0.001), and Wilms tumor diagnosis at less than 24 months had a HR of 1.7 relative to 24 to 48 months and 2.8 relative to greater than 48 months (p=0.003 for trend). CONCLUSIONS Metachronous bilateral Wilms tumor is associated with high rates of end stage renal disease due to surgery for progressive Wilms tumor. Characteristics associated with a WT1 etiology markedly increased the risk of end stage renal disease due to chronic renal failure despite the low risk in non-WT1 syndromic cases overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ratelade J, Arrondel C, Hamard G, Garbay S, Harvey S, Biebuyck N, Schulz H, Hastie N, Pontoglio M, Gubler MC, Antignac C, Heidet L. A murine model of Denys-Drash syndrome reveals novel transcriptional targets of WT1 in podocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1-15. [PMID: 19797313 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor-suppressor gene WT1, a key player in renal development, also has a crucial role in maintenance of the glomerulus in the mature kidney. However, molecular pathways orchestrated by WT1 in podocytes, where it is highly expressed, remain unknown. Their defects are thought to modify the cross-talk between podocytes and other glomerular cells and ultimately lead to glomerular sclerosis, as observed in diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) a nephropathy associated with WT1 mutations. To identify podocyte WT1 targets, we generated a novel DMS mouse line, performed gene expression profiling in isolated glomeruli and identified excellent candidates that may modify podocyte differentiation and growth factor signaling in glomeruli. Scel, encoding sciellin, a protein of the cornified envelope in the skin, and Sulf1, encoding a 6-O endosulfatase, are shown to be expressed in wild-type podocytes and to be strongly down-regulated in mutants. Co-expression of Wt1, Scel and Sulf1 was also found in a mesonephric cell line, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of WT1 decreased Scel and Sulf1 mRNAs and proteins. By ChIP we show that Scel and Sulf1 are direct WT1 targets. Cyp26a1, encoding an enzyme involved in the degradation of retinoic acid, is shown to be up-regulated in mutant podocytes. Cyp26a1 may play a role in the development of glomerular lesions but does not seem to be regulated by WT1. These results provide novel clues in our understanding of normal glomerular function and early events involved in glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Watanabe N, Kato M, Suzuki N, Inoue C, Fedorova S, Hashimoto H, Maruyama S, Matsuo S, Wakamatsu Y. Kidney regeneration through nephron neogenesis in medaka. Dev Growth Differ 2009; 51:135-43. [PMID: 19207184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although renal regeneration is limited to repair of the proximal tubule in mammals, some bony fish are capable of renal regeneration through nephron neogenesis in the event of renal injury. We previously reported that nephron development in the medaka mesonephros is characterized by four histologically distinct stages, generally referred to as condensed mesenchyme, nephrogenic body, relatively small nephron, and the mature nephron. Developing nephrons are positive for wt1 expression during the first three of these stages. In the present study, we examined the regenerative response to renal injury, artificially induced by the administration of sublethal amounts of gentamicin in adult medaka. Similar to previous reports in other animals, the renal tubular epithelium and the glomerulus of the medaka kidney exhibited severe damage after exposure to this agent. However, kidneys showed substantial recovery after gentamicin administration, and a significant number of developing nephrons appeared 14 days after gentamicin administration (P < 0.01). Similarly, the expression of wt1 in developing nephrons also indicated the early stages of nephrogenesis. These findings show that medaka has the ability to regenerate kidney through nephron neogenesis during adulthood and that wt1 is a suitable marker for detecting nephrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Watanabe
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hashiba T, Izumoto S, Kagawa N, Suzuki T, Hashimoto N, Maruno M, Yoshimine T. Expression of WT1 protein and correlation with cellular proliferation in glial tumors. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2007; 47:165-70; discussion 170. [PMID: 17457020 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.47.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Wilms' tumor gene WT1 protein was investigated immunohistochemically in 73 glial tumors, including 60 astrocytic tumors, eight oligodendroglial tumors, and five ependymal tumors. WT1 protein was detected in 70 of the 73 glial tumors (95.9%) examined. Almost all glioblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, anaplastic ependymomas, and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas expressed high levels of WT1 protein. A significant (p < 0.001) correlation was found between WT1 protein expression and MIB-1 staining index. Histological examination found that WT1 protein was strongly expressed in the anaplastic portions and areas with perivascular proliferation and high cellularity, implying that WT1 gene might be important in glial tumor cell proliferation. WT1 gene is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors and WT1 protein is a target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. This study indicates that many malignant glial tumors are good candidates for cancer immunotherapy targeting WT1 protein and that WT1 protein expression could be used as a proliferation marker in glial tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Hashiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vigneau C, Polgar K, Striker G, Elliott J, Hyink D, Weber O, Fehling HJ, Keller G, Burrow C, Wilson P. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies generate progenitors that integrate long term into renal proximal tubules in vivo. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1709-20. [PMID: 17475814 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The metanephric kidney is a mesodermal organ that develops as a result of reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the blastema. The generation of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived progenitors offers potential for regenerative therapies but is often limited by development of tumor formation. Because brachyury (T) denotes mesoderm specification, a mouse ES cell line with green fluorescence protein (GFP) knocked into the functional T locus as well as lacZ in the ROSA26 locus (LacZ/T/GFP) was used in cell selection and lineage tracing. In the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, mouse ES cells give rise to embryoid bodies that can differentiate into mesoderm. Culture conditions were optimized (4 d, 10 ng/ml Activin-A) to generate maximal numbers of renal progenitor populations identified by expression of the specific combination of renal markers cadherin-11, WT-1, Pax-2, and Wnt-4. LacZ/T/GFP+ cells were further enriched by FACS selection. Five days after injection of LacZ/T/GFP+ cells into embryonic kidney explants in organ culture, beta-galactosidase immunohistochemistry showed incorporation into blastemal cells of the nephrogenic zone. After a single injection into developing live newborn mouse kidneys, co-localization studies showed that the LacZ/T/GFP+ cells were stably integrated into proximal tubules with normal morphology and normal polarization of alkaline phosphatase and aquaporin-1 for 7 mo, without teratoma formation. It is concluded that defined differentiation of ES cells into embryoid bodies with Activin-A and selection for T expression provides a means to isolate and purify renal proximal tubular progenitor cells with the potential for safe use in regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vigneau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lahiri D, Dutton JR, Duarte A, Moorwood K, Graham CF, Ward A. Nephropathy and defective spermatogenesis in mice transgenic for a single isoform of the Wilms' tumour suppressor protein, WT1−KTS, together with one disruptedWt1 Allele. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 74:300-11. [PMID: 16967512 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumour suppressor protein, WT1, is a zinc finger protein essential for the development of several organs, including the kidney and gonads. In each of these tissues WT1 is required at multiple stages of development and its persistent expression in podocytes and Sertoli cells suggests WT1 may also have a role in the maintenance of kidney and testis function throughout adult life. Naturally occurring isoforms of WT1 are generated by alternative mRNA splicing. An altered ratio of the splice isoforms WT1-KTS and WT1 + KTS appears to be sufficient to account for the developmental abnormalities (pseudohermaphroditism and nephropathy) characteristic of Frasier syndrome. We show that mice with a transgene encoding WT1-KTS do not differ from their wild-type littermates unless they are also heterozygous for a null mutation at the endogenous Wt1 locus. Animals with both genetic modifications develop proteinuria, together with multiple glomerular cysts, and male infertility. These pathologic changes may be explained as a consequence of altering the WT1 isoform ratio in tissues that express WT1 during adulthood. The results suggest WT1 misexpression could contribute to human glomerulocystic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diya Lahiri
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Developmental Biology Program, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Desrosiers RR, Rivard ME, Grundy PE, Annabi B. Decrease in LDL receptor-related protein expression and function correlates with advanced stages of Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 46:40-9. [PMID: 16106426 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular processes responsible for the invasive phenotype of pediatric Wilms tumors (WT) are poorly understood. A candidate WT suppressor gene (WT1) has been found mutated in a number of these pediatric kidney tumors. However, the disruption of normal WT1 protein function cannot solely explain WT growth. The aim of the present study is to identify new molecular players that regulate the invasive character of WT. PROCEDURE Fresh frozen samples from 45 renal tumors of Wilms were obtained from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group's Biological Samples Bank. Gelatin zymography, Western blotting, and immunodetection were used to compare tissue biopsies originating from the infiltrating (stage III), metastatic (stage IV), and anaplastic phenotype of Wilms tumors (WT). RESULTS The expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) diminished in stage IV and anaplastic WT. Moreover, the expression of RAP, an LRP intracellular chaperone, was also decreased. The diminished expression of LRP and RAP correlated with increased levels of several known extracellular ligands that LRP usually recycles from the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, including PAI-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. The proteolytic processing of MT1-MMP, a functional regulator of LRP, also correlated with the WT invasive phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The low expression of LRP, whose function is regulated by MT1-MMP and whose activity in recycling ECM-associated proteolytic enzymes becomes drastically diminished in advanced stages of WT, may in part explain the acquired invasive potential of the developing WT pediatric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie-Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Keilholz U, Menssen HD, Gaiger A, Menke A, Oji Y, Oka Y, Scheibenbogen C, Stauss H, Thiel E, Sugiyama H. Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) in human neoplasia. Leukemia 2005; 19:1318-23. [PMID: 15920488 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) is important as a prognostic marker as well as in the detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease in leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Evidence has accumulated over the past decade to show that WT1 is a key molecule for tumour proliferation in a large number of human neoplasms most prominent in acute leukaemias, making it a suitable target for therapeutic strategies. Based on animal results, showing safety and efficacy of immunization with WT1 peptides and protein, early clinical trials in leukaemia have recently been initiated. The First International Conference on WT1 in Human Neoplasia was held in Berlin, March 11--12, 2004. This report reviews the current knowledge on the role of WT1 in tumour promotion and as a diagnostic and therapeutic target, and summarizes the data presented and discussed in this meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Keilholz
- Department of Medicine III, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakahara Y, Okamoto H, Mineta T, Tabuchi K. Expression of the Wilms' tumor gene product WT1 in glioblastomas and medulloblastomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2004; 21:113-6. [PMID: 15696971 DOI: 10.1007/bf02482185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 was first identified as the gene responsible for a childhood renal tumor, Wilms' tumor. This gene encodes for a zinc finger-containing transcription factor. Although originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene, WT1 is overexpressed in a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Recently, WT1 protein has been considered as a new molecular target of cancer immunotherapy for several solid tumors. In the present study, we investigated the expression of WT1 protein and WT1 mRNA in glioblastomas and medulloblastomas. Forty-eight of 51 glioblastoma samples (94%) showed immunohistochemically positive staining of WT1 protein, whereas all 10 medulloblastomas examined were negative. According to the immunohistochemical expression of WT1 protein, WT1 mRNA was also highly expressed in the same glioblastoma tissue. Our results suggest that the WT1 gene may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma, in contrast to medulloblastoma, and be integral in the development of the immunotherapy targeting WT1 protein in patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|