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Xu N, Jiang S, Persson PB, Persson EAG, Lai EY, Patzak A. Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13477. [PMID: 32311827 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated with cell damage and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is the major ROS source in the vasculature and modulates renal perfusion. Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Oxidative stress in the kidney prompts renal vascular remodelling and increases preglomerular resistance. These are key elements in hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, as well as diabetic nephropathy. Renal afferent arterioles (Af), the primary resistance vessel in the kidney, fine tune renal hemodynamics and impact on blood pressure. Vice versa, ROS increase hypertension and diabetes, resulting in upregulation of Af vasoconstriction, enhancement of myogenic responses and change of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which further promotes hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In the following, we highlight oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics. The renal microcirculatory alterations brought about by ROS importantly contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | | | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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Liu J, Nie Y, Chaudhry M, Bai F, Chuang J, Sodhi K, Shapiro JI. The Redox-Sensitive Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Uremic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041256. [PMID: 32069992 PMCID: PMC7072896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Na/K-ATPase signaling has been implicated in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy and uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), specific ligands of Na/K-ATPase, regulate its enzymatic activity (at higher concentrations) and signaling function (at lower concentrations without significantly affecting its enzymatic activity) and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. On the other hand, an increase in ROS alone also regulates the Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity and signaling function. We termed this phenomenon the Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant-amplification loop, in which oxidative stress regulates both the Na/K-ATPase activity and signaling. Most recently, we also demonstrated that this amplification loop is involved in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy. This review aims to evaluate the redox-sensitive Na/K-ATPase-mediated oxidant amplification loop and uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Y.N.); (M.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Justin Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (J.C.); (K.S.); (J.I.S.)
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Aires RS, Vieira LD, Freitas ACN, de Lima ME, Lima NKS, Farias JS, Paixão AD. NO mediates the effect of the synthetic natriuretic peptide NPCdc on kidney and aorta in nephrectomised rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 866:172780. [PMID: 31734277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NPCdc is a synthetic natriuretic peptide that was originally derived from another peptide, the NP2_Casca, isolated from Crotalus durissus cascavella venom. These molecules share 70% structural homology with natriuretic peptides obtained from different species, including humans. NP2_Casca induces vasorelaxation and increases nitric oxide levels independently of natriuretic peptide receptors A and B. This study aimed to investigate whether NPCdc-induced hypotension in control rats and rats with a reduced kidney mass is associated with effects on the glomerular filtration rate, NADPH oxidase activity and components downstream of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C). Anaesthetized Wistar rats that were subjected to a sham operation and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) were infused with saline (vehicle) or NPCdc (7.5 μg/kg/min) for 70 min. The NPCdc treatment decreased the mean arterial pressure and NADPH oxidase activity while simultaneously increasing the glomerular filtration rate, fractional Na+ excretion and nitric oxide level. After 70 min, the levels of p-AKT Ser-473, p-eNOS Ser-1177, p-nNOS Ser-1417 and p-iNOSTyr-151 were not affected. However, p-ERK1/2 Thr-202/Tyr-204 levels were altered. Thus, nitric oxide and components of NPR-C signalling mediate the effects of NPCdc. The results suggest a potential therapeutic application of this peptide for cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina S Aires
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana C N Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria E de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia K S Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Juliane S Farias
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana D Paixão
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Garvin JL. Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Tubular Transport along the Nephron. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020023. [PMID: 28333068 PMCID: PMC5488003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules naturally occurring in both inorganic and biological chemical systems. Due to their high reactivity and potentially damaging effects to biomolecules, cells express a battery of enzymes to rapidly metabolize them to innocuous intermediaries. Initially, ROS were considered by biologists as dangerous byproducts of respiration capable of causing oxidative stress, a condition in which overproduction of ROS leads to a reduction in protective molecules and enzymes and consequent damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. In fact, ROS are used by immune systems to kill virus and bacteria, causing inflammation and local tissue damage. Today, we know that the functions of ROS are not so limited, and that they also act as signaling molecules mediating processes as diverse as gene expression, mechanosensation, and epithelial transport. In the kidney, ROS such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O₂-), and their derivative molecules hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and peroxynitrite (ONO₂-) regulate solute and water reabsorption, which is vital to maintain electrolyte homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume. This article reviews the effects of NO, O₂-, ONO₂-, and H₂O₂ on water and electrolyte reabsorption in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and collecting ducts, and the effects of NO and O₂- in the macula densa on tubuloglomerular feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Liu J, Yan Y, Nie Y, Shapiro JI. Na/K-ATPase Signaling and Salt Sensitivity: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E18. [PMID: 28257114 PMCID: PMC5384181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Other than genetic regulation of salt sensitivity of blood pressure, many factors have been shown to regulate renal sodium handling which contributes to long-term blood pressure regulation and have been extensively reviewed. Here we present our progress on the Na/K-ATPase signaling mediated sodium reabsorption in renal proximal tubules, from cardiotonic steroids-mediated to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated Na/K-ATPase signaling that contributes to experimental salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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Yan Y, Shapiro AP, Mopidevi BR, Chaudhry MA, Maxwell K, Haller ST, Drummond CA, Kennedy DJ, Tian J, Malhotra D, Xie ZJ, Shapiro JI, Liu J. Protein Carbonylation of an Amino Acid Residue of the Na/K-ATPase α1 Subunit Determines Na/K-ATPase Signaling and Sodium Transport in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003675. [PMID: 27613772 PMCID: PMC5079028 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain, signaling through the Na/K-ATPase, regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. By direct carbonylation modification of the Pro222 residue in the actuator (A) domain of pig Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit, reactive oxygen species are required for ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase/c-Src signaling and subsequent regulation of active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. In the present study we sought to determine the functional role of Pro222 carbonylation in Na/K-ATPase signaling and sodium handling. METHODS AND RESULTS Stable pig α1 knockdown LLC-PK1-originated PY-17 cells were rescued by expressing wild-type rat α1 and rat α1 with a single mutation of Pro224 (corresponding to pig Pro222) to Ala. This mutation does not affect ouabain-induced inhibition of Na/K-ATPase activity, but abolishes the effects of ouabain on Na/K-ATPase/c-Src signaling, protein carbonylation, Na/K-ATPase endocytosis, and active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. CONCLUSIONS Direct carbonylation modification of Pro224 in the rat α1 subunit determines ouabain-mediated Na/K-ATPase signal transduction and subsequent regulation of renal proximal tubule sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Anna P Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Brahma R Mopidevi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Muhammad A Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | | | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
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Shah PT, Martin R, Yan Y, Shapiro JI, Liu J. Carbonylation Modification Regulates Na/K-ATPase Signaling and Salt Sensitivity: A Review and a Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2016; 7:256. [PMID: 27445847 PMCID: PMC4923243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Na/K-ATPase signaling has been implicated in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress not only regulates the Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity, but also regulates its signaling and other functions. While cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is an intermediate step in CTS-mediated Na/K-ATPase signaling, increase in ROS alone also stimulates Na/K-ATPase signaling. Based on literature and our observations, we hypothesize that ROS have biphasic effects on Na/K-ATPase signaling, transcellular sodium transport, and urinary sodium excretion. Oxidative modulation, in particular site specific carbonylation of the Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit, is a critical step in proximal tubular Na/K-ATPase signaling and decreased transcellular sodium transport leading to increases in urinary sodium excretion. However, once this system is overstimulated, the signaling, and associated changes in sodium excretion are blunted. This review aims to evaluate ROS-mediated carbonylation of the Na/K-ATPase, and its potential role in the regulation of pump signaling and sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule (RPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeya T Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
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Maiti AK, Islam MT, Satou R, Majid DSA. Enhancement in cellular Na+K+ATPase activity by low doses of peroxynitrite in mouse renal tissue and in cultured HK2 cells. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/7/e12766. [PMID: 27081160 PMCID: PMC4831332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the normal condition, endogenous formation of peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ) from the interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide has been suggested to play a renoprotective role. However, the exact mechanism associated with renoprotection by this radical compound is not yet clearly defined. Although ONOOˉ usually inhibits renal tubular Na+K+ATPase (NKA) activity at high concentrations (micromolar to millimolar range [μM–mM], achieved in pathophysiological conditions), the effects at lower concentrations (nanomolar range [nM], relevant in normal condition) remain unknown. To examine the direct effect of ONOOˉ on NKA activity, preparations of cellular membrane fraction from mouse renal tissue and from cultured HK2 cells (human proximal tubular epithelial cell lines) were incubated for 10 and 30 min each with different concentrations of ONOOˉ (10 nmol/L–200 μmol/L). NKA activity in these samples (n = 5 in each case) was measured via a colorimetric assay capable of detecting inorganic phosphate. At high concentrations (1–200 μmol/L), ONOOˉ caused dose‐dependent inhibition of NKA activity (−3.0 ± 0.6% and −36.4 ± 1.4%). However, NKA activity remained unchanged at 100 and 500 nmol/L ONOOˉ concentration, but interestingly, at lower concentrations (10 and 50 nmol/L), ONOOˉ caused small but significant increases in the NKA activity (3.3 ± 1.1% and 3.1 ± 0.6%). Pretreatment with a ONOOˉ scavenger, mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG; 200 μmol/L), prevented these biphasic responses to ONOOˉ. This dose‐dependent biphasic action of ONOO− on NKA activity may implicate that this radical compound helps to maintain sodium homeostasis either by enhancing tubular sodium reabsorption under normal conditions or by inhibiting it during oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan K Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mohammed T Islam
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dewan S A Majid
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Renoprotective effect of sitagliptin against hypertensive nephropathy induced by chronic administration of L-NAME in rats: Role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Yan Y, Shapiro AP, Haller S, Katragadda V, Liu L, Tian J, Basrur V, Malhotra D, Xie ZJ, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI, Liu J. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in a feed-forward mechanism of Na/K-ATPase-mediated signaling transduction. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34249-34258. [PMID: 24121502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.461020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (such as ouabain) signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. We report here that reactive oxygen species are required to initiate ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling, protein carbonylation, redistribution of Na/K-ATPase and sodium/proton exchanger isoform 3, and inhibition of active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. Disruption of the Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling complex attenuated ouabain-stimulated protein carbonylation. Ouabain-stimulated protein carbonylation is reversed after removal of ouabain, and this reversibility is largely independent of de novo protein synthesis and degradation by either the lysosome or the proteasome pathways. Furthermore, ouabain stimulated direct carbonylation of two amino acid residues in the actuator domain of the Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit. Taken together, the data indicate that carbonylation modification of the Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit is involved in a feed-forward mechanism of regulation of ouabain-mediated renal proximal tubule Na/K-ATPase signal transduction and subsequent sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Anna P Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Steven Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Vinai Katragadda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755.
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Renal Development and Blood Pressure in Offspring from Dams Submitted to High-Sodium Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:919128. [PMID: 22830019 PMCID: PMC3398627 DOI: 10.1155/2012/919128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to an adverse environment in utero appears to programme physiology and metabolism permanently, with long-term consequences for health of the fetus or offspring. It was observed that the offspring from dams submitted to high-sodium intake during pregnancy present disturbances in renal development and in blood pressure. These alterations were associated with lower plasma levels of angiotensin II (AII) and changes in renal AII receptor I (AT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expressions during post natal kidney development. Clinical and experimental evidence show that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in renal development. Many effects of AII are mediated through MAPK pathways. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, high-sodium intake during pregnancy and lactation can provoke disturbances in renal development in offspring leading to functional and structural alterations that persist in adult life. These changes can be related at least in part with the decrease in RAS activity considering that this system has an important role in renal development.
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12
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Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation of Na/K-ATPase Regulates Fibrosis and Renal Proximal Tubular Sodium Handling. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:381320. [PMID: 22518311 PMCID: PMC3299271 DOI: 10.1155/2012/381320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na/K-ATPase is the primary force regulating renal sodium handling and plays a key role in both ion homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Recently, cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-mediated Na/K-ATPase signaling has been shown to regulate fibrosis, renal proximal tubule (RPT) sodium reabsorption, and experimental Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension in response to a high-salt diet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important modulator of nephron ion transport. As there is limited knowledge regarding the role of ROS-mediated fibrosis and RPT sodium reabsorption through the Na/K-ATPase, the focus of this review is to examine the possible role of ROS in the regulation of Na/K-ATPase activity, its signaling, fibrosis, and RPT sodium reabsorption.
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13
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Yang J, Tan Y, Zhao F, Ma Z, Wang Y, Zheng S, Epstein PN, Yu J, Yin X, Zheng Y, Li X, Miao L, Cai L. Angiotensin II plays a critical role in diabetic pulmonary fibrosis most likely via activation of NADPH oxidase-mediated nitrosative damage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E132-44. [PMID: 21487074 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have a high risk of pulmonary disorders that are usually associated with restrictive impairment of lung function, suggesting a fibrotic process (van den Borst B, Gosker HR, Zeegers MP, Schols AM. Chest 138: 393-406, 2010; Ehrlich SF, Quesenberry CP Jr, Van Den Eeden SK, Shan J, Ferrara A. Diabetes Care 33: 55-60, 2010). The present study was undertaken to define whether and how diabetes causes lung fibrosis. Lung samples from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice, spontaneously developed type 1 diabetic OVE26 mice, and their age-matched controls were investigated with histopathological and biochemical analysis. Signaling mechanism was investigated with cultured normal human lung fibroblasts in vitro. In both diabetes models, histological examination with Sirius red and hemotoxylin and eosin stains showed fibrosis along with massive inflammatory cell infiltration. The fibrotic and inflammatory processes were confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blotting assays for the increased fibronectin, CTGF, PAI-1, and TNFα mRNA and protein expressions. Diabetes also significantly increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and protein nitration along with upregulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor expression. In cell culture, exposure of lung fibroblasts to Ang II increased CTGF expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which could be abolished by inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite accumulation. Furthermore, chronic infusion of Ang II to normal mice at a subpressor dose induced diabetes-like lung fibrosis, and Ang II receptor AT1 blocker (losartan) abolished the lung fibrotic and inflammatory responses in diabetic mice. These results suggest that Ang II plays a critical role in diabetic lung fibrosis, which is most likely caused by NOX activation-mediated nitrosative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Oktem F, Kirbas A, Armagan A, Kuybulu AE, Yilmaz HR, Ozguner F, Uz E. Lisinopril attenuates renal oxidative injury in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 352:247-53. [PMID: 21479940 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and related oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of any renal diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have multi-directional renoprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether lisinopril treatment has any biochemical alterations on renal tissue in L-NAME (Nε-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) induced hypertension model. Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study and divided into four equal groups (n = 7): control group, L-NAME treated group (75 mg/kg/day), L-NAME plus lisinopril treated group and only lisinopril treated group (10 mg/kg/day). L-NAME and lisinopril were continued for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressures were measured by using tail cuff method. In biochemical analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) levels, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in renal tissues were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment. Microalbumin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine were determined as markers of renal tubular damage related to hypertension. Chronic L-NAME administration resulted in a significant depletion of serum nitric oxide (NO). When compared with control group, serum creatinine, microalbumin, urine NAG, renal tissue MDA level, and CAT activities were significantly high, while renal tissue SOD and GSH-Px activities low in L-NAME group. In the L-NAME plus lisinopril treated group, serum creatinine, microalbumin and urine NAG, renal MDA level and CAT activity decreased, whereas SOD, GSH-Px activities in renal tissue and serum NO levels were increased. Thus, lisinopril treatment reversed these effects. There were not any significant difference between L-NAME plus lisinopril treated group and control group concerning serum creatinine, renal tissue MDA level and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activities. These results suggest that lisinopril could diminish biochemical alterations in L: -NAME induced hypertensive renal damage that occurs by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Oktem
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Schreck C, O'Connor PM. NAD(P)H oxidase and renal epithelial ion transport. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1023-9. [PMID: 21270341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00618.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental requirement for cellular vitality is the maintenance of plasma ion concentration within strict ranges. It is the function of the kidney to match urinary excretion of ions with daily ion intake and nonrenal losses to maintain a stable ionic milieu. NADPH oxidase is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within many cell types, including the transporting renal epithelia. The focus of this review is to describe the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS toward local renal tubular ion transport in each nephron segment and to discuss how NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signaling within the nephron may mediate ion homeostasis. In each case, we will attempt to identify the various subunits of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species involved and the ion transporters, which these affect. We will first review the role of NADPH oxidase on renal Na(+) and K(+) transport. Finally, we will review the relationship between tubular H(+) efflux and NADPH oxidase activity.
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Ramseyer VD, Garvin JL. Angiotensin II decreases nitric oxide synthase 3 expression via nitric oxide and superoxide in the thick ascending limb. Hypertension 2008; 53:313-8. [PMID: 19075094 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NO produced by NO synthase type 3 (NOS3) in medullary thick ascending limbs (mTHALs) inhibits Cl(-) reabsorption. Acutely, angiotensin II stimulates thick ascending limb NO production. In endothelial cells, NO inhibits NOS3 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that angiotensin II decreases NOS3 expression via NO in mTHALs. After 24 hours, 10 and 100 nmol/L of angiotensin II decreased NOS3 expression by 23+/-9% (n=6; P<0.05) and 50+/-5% (n=7; P<0.001), respectively, in primary cultures of rat mTHALs. NO synthase inhibition by 4 mmol/L of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride prevented angiotensin II from decreasing NOS3 expression (Delta=-5+/-8%; n=5). In the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, the addition of exogenous NO (1 micromol/L spermine NONOate) restored the angiotensin II-induced decreases in NOS3 expression (-22+/-6%; n=7; P<0.013). In addition, NO scavenging with 10 micromol/L of carboxy-PTIO abolished the effect of angiotensin II in NOS3 expression (Delta=-1+/-8% versus carboxy-PTIO alone; n=6). Angiotensin II increases superoxide, and superoxide scavenges NO. Thus, we tested whether scavenging superoxide enhances the angiotensin II-induced reduction in NOS3 expression. Surprisingly, treatment with 100 micromol/L of Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, blocked the angiotensin II-induced decrease in NOS3 expression (Delta=-3+/-7%; n=6). This effect was not because of increased hydrogen peroxide. We concluded that angiotensin II-induced decreases in NOS3 expression in mTHALs require both NO and superoxide. Decreased NOS3 expression by angiotensin II in mTHALs could contribute to increased salt retention observed in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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Matavelli LC, Kadowitz PJ, Navar LG, Majid DSA. Renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to intra-arterial infusion of peroxynitrite in anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 296:F170-6. [PMID: 18987112 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90487.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is formed endogenously by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-)). To examine the hypothesis that OONO(-) cause renal vasodilation at low concentrations but cause vasoconstriction at higher concentrations, we examined renal responses to intra-arterial infusion of incremental doses of OONO(-) (10, 20, and 40 microg.kg(-1).min(-1); 45 min each) in anesthetized rats. Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined by PAH and inulin clearance. In control rats (n = 6), low dose (10 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)) of OONO(-) increased RBF by 10 +/- 3% and GFR by 15 +/- 5%. The higher doses (20 and 40 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)) mostly reversed these responses which were -7 +/- 4 and -27 +/- 7% (P < 0.05) in RBF and -0.1 +/- 4.8 and -14 +/- 12% in GFR, respectively. There were no appreciable changes in urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (U(Na)V) during OONO(-) infusion. However, in rats pretreated with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME (50 microg.kg(-1).min(-1); n = 5), these doses of ONOO(-) significantly reduced RBF (-26 +/- 7, -27 +/- 6, and -44 +/- 3%) and GFR (-21 +/- 6, -25 +/- 8, and -32 +/- 12%) with variable increases in V or U(Na)V. Long-term infusion of OONO(-) (10 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 75 min) in another set of control rats (n = 5) also showed similar vasodilator and hyperfiltration responses. These data indicate that ONOO(-) acts as an oxidant at high concentration but provides renoprotective function at low concentration that depends on intact NOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C Matavelli
- Dept. of Physiology, Tulane Univ. Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL 39, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Reifenberger MS, Arnett KL, Gatto C, Milanick MA. The reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite is a potent inhibitor of renal Na-K-ATPase activity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1191-8. [PMID: 18701626 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90296.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a reactive nitrogen species produced when nitric oxide and superoxide react. In vivo studies suggest that reactive oxygen species and, perhaps, peroxynitrite can influence Na-K-ATPase function. However, the direct effects of peroxynitrite on Na-K-ATPase function remain unknown. We show that a single bolus addition of peroxynitrite inhibited purified renal Na-K-ATPase activity, with IC50 of 107+/-9 microM. To mimic cellular/physiological production of peroxynitrite, a syringe pump was used to slowly release (approximately 0.85 microM/s) peroxynitrite. The inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity induced by this treatment was similar to that induced by a single bolus addition of equal cumulative concentration. Peroxynitrite produced 3-nitrotyrosine residues on the alpha, beta, and FXYD subunits of the Na pump. Interestingly, the flavonoid epicatechin, which prevented tyrosine nitration, was unable to blunt peroxynitrite-induced ATPase inhibition, suggesting that tyrosine nitration is not required for inhibition. Peroxynitrite led to a decrease in iodoacetamidofluorescein labeling, implying that cysteine modifications were induced. Glutathione was unable to reverse ATPase inhibition. The presence of Na+ and low MgATP during peroxynitrite treatment increased the IC50 to 145+/-10 microM, while the presence of K+ and low MgATP increased the IC50 to 255+/-13 microM. This result suggests that the EPNa conformation of the pump is slightly more sensitive to peroxynitrite than the E(K) conformation. Taken together, these results show that peroxynitrite is a potent inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase activity and that peroxynitrite can induce amino acid modifications to the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Reifenberger
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Rd., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Beauséjour A, Houde V, Bibeau K, Gaudet R, St-Louis J, Brochu M. Renal and cardiac oxidative/nitrosative stress in salt-loaded pregnant rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1657-65. [PMID: 17652367 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00090.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sodium supplementation given for 1 wk to nonpregnant rats induces changes that are adequate to maintain renal and circulatory homeostasis as well as arterial blood pressure. However, in pregnant rats, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, and placental oxidative stress are observed. Moreover, the decrease in blood pressure and expansion of circulatory volume, normally associated with pregnancy, are prevented by high-sodium intake. We hypothesized that, in these pregnant rats, a loss of the balance between prooxidation and antioxidation, particularly in kidneys and heart, disturbs the normal course of pregnancy and leads to manifestations such as gestational hypertension. We thus investigated the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress in heart and kidneys following high-sodium intake in pregnant rats. Markers of this stress [8-isoprostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) and nitrotyrosine], producer of nitric oxide [nitric oxide synthases (NOSs)], and antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] were measured. Then, molecules (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and aconitase) or process [apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, connective tissue growth factor, and TNF-alpha)] susceptible to free radicals was determined. In kidneys from pregnant rats on 1.8% NaCl-water, NOSs, apoptotic index, and nitrotyrosine expression were increased, whereas Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase mRNA and activity were decreased. In the left cardiac ventricle of these rats, heightened nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), and catalase activity together with reduced endothelial NOS protein expression and SOD and aconitase activities were observed. These findings suggest that oxidative/nitrosative stress in kidney and left cardiac ventricle destabilizes the normal course of pregnancy and could lead to gestational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Beauséjour
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
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20
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Shahidullah M, Delamere NA. NO donors inhibit Na,K-ATPase activity by a protein kinase G-dependent mechanism in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium of the porcine eye. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:871-80. [PMID: 16770322 PMCID: PMC1617073 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We developed a novel method to isolate nonpigmented epithelial (NPE) cells from porcine eyes in order to examine Na,K-ATPase responses to nitric oxide (NO) donors specifically in the epithelium. 2. Cells were treated with NO donors and other test compounds for 20 min prior to Na,K-ATPase activity measurement. 3. NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 microM-1 mM), sodium azide (100 nM-1 microM) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (1 microM-1 mM) caused significant concentration-dependent inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity. Detection of nitrite in the medium of L-arginine and SNP-treated NPE confirmed NO generation. 4. Concentration-dependent inhibition of Na,K-ATPase was also obtained by L-arginine (1-3 mM), a physiological precursor of NO and 8p-CPT-cGMP (1-100 microM), a cell permeable analog of cGMP. The L-arginine effect was abolished when the NO synthesizing enzyme, NO-synthase, was inhibited by L-NAME (100 microM). 5. The inhibitory effect of SNP or sodium azide on Na,K-ATPase activity was suppressed by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors, ODQ (10 microM) or methylene blue (10 microM). 6. The inhibitory effect of 8p-CPT-cGMP on Na,K-ATPase was abolished by protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitors, H-8 (1 microM) and H-9 (20 microM), but not by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 (100 nM). H-8 and H-9 partially suppressed the inhibitory effect of SNP on Na,K-ATPase. 7. Taken together the results indicate that Na,K-ATPase inhibition response to NO donors involves activation of sGC, generation of cGMP and activation of PKG. These findings suggest that Na,K-ATPase inhibition in NPE may contribute to the ability of NO donors to reduce aqueous humor secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidullah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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21
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Seven I, Türközkan N, Cimen B. The effects of nitric oxide synthesis on the Na+ ,K(+)-ATPase activity in guinea pig kidney exposed to lipopolysaccharides. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 271:107-12. [PMID: 15881661 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-5616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides; LPS) are known to cause multiple organ failure, including renal dysfunction. LPS triggers the synthesis and release of cytokines and the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO*). A major contributor to the increase in NO* production is LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). This occurs in vasculature and most organs including the kidney. During endotoxemia, NO* and superoxide react spontaneously to form the potent and versatile oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (nTyr)-protein adducts is a reliable biomarker of ONOO- generation. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the role of endogenous nitric oxide in regulating Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in the kidney, and at investigating the possible contribution of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by measuring of iNOS activity. In addition, the present study was aimed at investigating the relationship between nTyr formation with iNOS and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activities. Previously in our study, nTyr was not detectable in kidney of normal control animals but was detected markedly in LPS exposed animals. In this study, kidney Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity were maximally inhibited 6 h after LPS injection (P:0.000) and LPS treatment significantly increased iNOS activity of kidney (P:0.000). The regression analysis revealed a very close correlation between Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and nTyr levels of LPS treated animals (r = -0.868, P = 0.001). Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity were also negatively correlated with iNOS activity (r = -0.877, P = 0.001) in inflamed kidney. These data suggest that NO* and ONOO- contribute to the development of oxidant injury. Furthermore, the source of NO* may be iNOS. iNOS are expressed by the kidney, and their activity may increase following LPS administration. In addition, NO* and ONOO- formation inhibited Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. This results also have strongly suggested that bacterial LPS disturbs activity of membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase that may be an important component leading to the pathological consequences such as renal dysfunction in which the production of RNS are increased as in the case of LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgim Seven
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Renaudin K, Denis MG, Karam G, Vallette G, Buzelin F, Laboisse CL, Jarry A. Loss of NOS1 expression in high-grade renal cell carcinoma associated with a shift of NO signalling. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:2364-9. [PMID: 15150612 PMCID: PMC2409527 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal human kidney, NOS1 and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are expressed in tubular epithelial cells, suggesting a physiological autocrine NO signalling pathway. Therefore, we investigated both NOS1 and sGC expressions in benign and malignant renal tumours. In addition, we examined the pattern of protein tyrosine nitration in normal and tumour tissue. NOS1 expression and activity were found to be downregulated, correlating with the tumour grade, as shown by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and histochemical detection of the NADPH-diaphorase activity of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). These results show that the autocrine NO signalling pathway is maintained in benign tumours and lost in malignant tumours. In contrast, sGC expression was maintained in renal tumours whatever the tumour type, a finding showing that tumour cells remain sensitive to the bioregulatory role of exogeneous NO(*). Finally, the staining pattern of protein tyrosine nitration, assessed by immunohistochemistry, parallelled that of NOS1 expression in normal renal parenchyma and benign tumours, supporting the concept that protein nitration was accounted for by NOS1 activity. In contrast, in malignant tumours, protein tyrosine nitration was accounted for by the production of reactive nitrogen oxide species by the inflammatory infiltrate. Altogether, these findings argue for a pattern of NO signalling similar in normal kidney and benign renal tumours, whereas it is completely different in malignant renal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Renaudin
- Pathology Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France
| | - M G Denis
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France
| | - G Karam
- Urology Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - G Vallette
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France
| | - F Buzelin
- Pathology Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - C L Laboisse
- Pathology Department, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France
| | - A Jarry
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France
- INSERM U539, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex1, France. E-mail:
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Varela M, Herrera M, Garvin JL. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase in thick ascending limbs by NO depends on O2- and is diminished by a high-salt diet. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F224-30. [PMID: 15113751 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00427.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-salt diet enhances nitric oxide (NO)-induced inhibition of transport in the thick ascending limb (THAL). Long exposures to NO inhibit Na-K-ATPase in cultured cells. We hypothesized that NO inhibits THAL Na-K-ATPase after long exposures and a high-salt diet would augment this effect. Rats drank either tap water or 1% NaCl for 7-10 days. Na-K-ATPase activity was assessed by measuring ouabain-sensitive ATP hydrolysis by THAL suspensions. After 2 h, spermine NONOate (SPM; 5 microM) reduced Na-K-ATPase activity from 0.44 +/- 0.03 to 0.30 +/- 0.04 nmol P(i).microg protein(-1).min(-1) in THALs from rats on a normal diet (P < 0.03). Nitroglycerin also reduced Na-K-ATPase activity (P < 0.04). After 20 min, SPM had no effect (change -0.07 +/- 0.05 nmol P(i).microg protein(-1).min(-1)). When rats were fed high salt, SPM did not inhibit Na-K-ATPase after 120 min. To investigate whether ONOO(-) formed by NO reacting with O(2)(-) was involved, we measured O(2)(-) production. THALs from rats on normal and high salt produced 35.8 +/- 0.3 and 23.7 +/- 0.8 nmol O(2)(-).min(-1).mg protein(-1), respectively (P < 0.01). Because O(2)(-) production differed, we studied the effects of the O(2)(-) scavenger tempol. In the presence of 50 microM tempol, SPM did not inhibit Na-K-ATPase after 120 min (0.50 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.07 nmol P(i).microg protein(-1).min(-1)). Propyl gallate, another O(2)(-) scavenger, also prevented SPM-induced inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity. SPM inhibited pump activity in tubules from rats on high salt when O(2)(-) levels were increased with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine. We concluded that NO inhibits Na-K-ATPase after long exposures when rats are on a normal diet and this inhibition depends on O(2)(-). NO donors do not inhibit Na-K-ATPase in THALs from rats on high salt due to decreased O(2)(-) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Varela
- Division of Nephrology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Garvin JL, Ortiz PA. The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of tubular function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 179:225-32. [PMID: 14616238 DOI: 10.1046/j.0001-6772.2003.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phrase reactive oxygen species covers a number of molecules and atoms, including the quintessential member of the group, O2-; singlet oxygen; H2O2; organic peroxides; and OONO-. While nitric oxide (NO) is also technically a member of the reactive oxygen species family, it is generally considered with a different class of compounds and will not be considered here. To our knowledge, there are currently no published data reporting the effects of reactive oxygen species on net transepithelial flux in the proximal nephron. However, there is evidence that OONO- regulates Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity as well as paracellular permeability. While it is easy to speculate that such an effect on the pump would decrease net transepithelial solute and water reabsorption, one cannot do so without knowing how other transporters are affected. O2- stimulates NaCl absorption by the thick ascending limb by activating protein kinase C and blunting the effects of NO. The effects of O2- on thick ascending limb NaCl absorption may be important for the initiation of salt-sensitive hypertension. To our knowledge, there are no published data concerning the role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of solute absorption in either the distal convoluted tubule or the collecting duct. However, OONO- inhibits basolateral K+ channels in the cortical collecting duct, although the net effect of such inhibition is unknown. CONCLUSION While the regulation of tubular transport by reactive oxygen species is important to overall salt and water balance, we know very little about where and how these regulators act along the nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Garvin
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Vetter M, Chen ZJ, Chang GD, Che D, Liu S, Chang CH. Cyclosporin A disrupts bradykinin signaling through superoxide. Hypertension 2003; 41:1136-42. [PMID: 12695417 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000068201.48340.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is used to reduce transplant rejection rates. Chronic use, however, has a destructive toxic effect on the kidney, resulting in hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of CsA treatment on the bradykinin/soluble guanylate cyclase signaling cascade and the involvement of superoxide in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney proximal tubule cells. Treatment with 1 micromol/L CsA for 24 hours increased basal cGMP levels by 41%, whereas CsA inhibited bradykinin-stimulated cGMP production by 26%. Western blotting showed increased expression of eNOS, but no other protein in the bradykinin/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathway was affected. Using lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, we found that CsA treatment significantly increased superoxide production. Production of O2- was not significantly reduced by 10 micromol/L oxypurinol or 30 micromol/L ketoconazole. However, it was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (10 micromol/L) as well as the O2- scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100 U). On treatment with 50 micromol/L quercetin, 10 mmol/L N-acetyl-cysteine, both antioxidants, as well as the O2- scavenger Tiron (10 mmol/L), concomitant with 1 micromol/L CsA for 24 hours the activation of cGMP production, was restored in combination with a reduction in O2-. Incubation with 100 micromol/L menadione, a reactive oxygen generator, and 10 nmol/L bradykinin showed similar effects on the level of cGMP as with CsA. CsA treatment was found to increase nitrotyrosine levels. These findings suggest that CsA activates a NADPH oxidase that releases O2- and disrupts the bradykinin/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway, probably by binding with NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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