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Zelicha H, Yang J, Henning SM, Huang J, Lee RP, Thames G, Livingston EH, Heber D, Li Z. Effect of cinnamon spice on continuously monitored glycemic response in adults with prediabetes: a 4-week randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:649-657. [PMID: 38290699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies showing that cinnamon spice lowers blood glucose concentrations had inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of daily cinnamon spice supplementation in an amount commonly used for seasoning on glucose concentrations in adults with obesity and prediabetes. METHODS Following a 2-wk run-in period of maintaining a low polyphenol/fiber diet, 18 participants with obesity and prediabetes underwent a 10-wk randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (mean age 51.1 y; mean fasting plasma glucose 102.9 mg/dL). The participants were randomly assigned to take cinnamon (4 g/d) or placebo for 4-wk, followed by a 2-wk washout period, and then crossed over to the other intervention for an additional 4-wk. Glucose changes were measured with continuous glucose monitoring. Oral glucose tolerance testing immediately following ingestion of cinnamon or placebo was performed at 4-time points to assess their acute effects both at the baseline and end of each intervention phase. Digestive symptom logs were obtained daily. RESULTS There were 694 follow-up days with 66,624 glucose observations. When compared with placebo, 24-h glucose concentrations were significantly lower when cinnamon was administered [mixed-models; effect size (ES) = 0.96; 95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.9, -1.5; P < 0.001]. Similarly, the mean net-area-under-the-curve (netAUC) for glucose was significantly lower than for placebo when cinnamon was given (over 24 h; ES = -0.66; 95 % CI: 2501.7, 5412.1, P = 0.01). Cinnamon supplementation resulted in lower glucose peaks compared with placebo (Δpeak 9.56 ± 9.1 mg/dL compared with 11.73 ± 8.0 mg/dL; ES = -0.57; 95 % CI: 0.8, 3.7, P = 0.027). Glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide concentrations increased during oral glucose tolerance testing + cinnamon testing (mixed-models; ES = 0.51; 95 % CI: 1.56, 100.1, P = 0.04), whereas triglyceride concentrations decreased (mixed-models; ES = 0.55; 95 % CI: -16.0, -1.6, P = 0.02). Treatment adherence was excellent in both groups (cinnamon: 97.6 ± 3.4 % compared with placebo: 97.9 ± 3.7 %; ES = -0.15; 95 % CI: -1.8, 0.2, P = 0.5). No differences were found in digestive symptoms (abdominal pain, borborygmi, bloating, excess flatus, and stools/day) between cinnamon and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Cinnamon, a widely available and low-cost supplement, may contribute to better glucose control when added to the diet in people who have obesity-related prediabetes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04342624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Zelicha
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Gail Thames
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Edward H Livingston
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Heber
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
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Mahgoub MO, Ali II, Adeghate JO, Tekes K, Kalász H, Adeghate EA. An Update on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119328. [PMID: 37298274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic illness with an increasing global prevalence. More than 537 million cases of diabetes were reported worldwide in 2021, and the number is steadily increasing. The worldwide number of people suffering from DM is projected to reach 783 million in 2045. In 2021 alone, more than USD 966 billion was spent on the management of DM. Reduced physical activity due to urbanization is believed to be the major cause of the increase in the incidence of the disease, as it is associated with higher rates of obesity. Diabetes poses a risk for chronic complications such as nephropathy, angiopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Hence, the successful management of blood glucose is the cornerstone of DM therapy. The effective management of the hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes includes physical exercise, diet and therapeutic interventions (insulin, biguanides, second generation sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, amylin mimetics, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and bile acid sequestrants). The optimal and timely treatment of DM improves the quality of life and reduces the severe burden of the disease for patients. Genetic testing, examining the roles of different genes involved in the pathogenesis of DM, may also help to achieve optimal DM management in the future by reducing the incidence of DM and by enhancing the use of individualized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omer Mahgoub
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25669, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ifrah Ismail Ali
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer O Adeghate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 W. 165th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Cao X, Liao W, Wang S. Food protein-derived bioactive peptides for the management of nutrition related chronic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 101:277-307. [PMID: 35940708 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intervention via modifications of dietary pattern or supplementations of naturally derived bioactive compounds has been considered as an efficient approach in management of nutrition related chronic diseases. Food protein-derived bioactive peptide is representative of natural compounds which show the potential to prevent or mitigate nutrition related chronic diseases. In the past decades, substantial research has been conducted concentrating on the characterization, bioavailability, and activity assessment of bioactive peptides. Although various activities of bioactive peptides have been reported, the activity testes of most peptides were only conducted in cells and animal models. Some clinical trials of bioactive peptides were also reported but only limited to antihypertensive peptides, antidiabetic peptides and peptides modulating blood lipid profile. Hereby, clinical evidence of bioactive peptides in management of nutrition-related chronic diseases is summarized in this chapter, which aims at providing implications for the clinical studies of bioactive peptides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenoids: An Update. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010182. [PMID: 35011414 PMCID: PMC8746715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin levels or insulin resistance. Despite the availability of several oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents, their use is associated with a wide range of side effects. Monoterpenes are compounds extracted from different plants including herbs, vegetables, and fruits and they contribute to their aroma and flavor. Based on their chemical structure, monoterpenes are classified into acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. They have been found to exhibit numerous biological and medicinal effects such as antipruritic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Therefore, monoterpenes emerged as promising molecules that can be used therapeutically to treat a vast range of diseases. Additionally, monoterpenes were found to modulate enzymes and proteins that contribute to insulin resistance and other pathological events caused by DM. In this review, we highlight the different mechanisms by which monoterpenes can be used in the pharmacological intervention of DM via the alteration of certain enzymes, proteins, and pathways involved in the pathophysiology of DM. Based on the fact that monoterpenes have multiple mechanisms of action on different targets in in vitro and in vivo studies, they can be considered as lead compounds for developing effective hypoglycemic agents. Incorporating these compounds in clinical trials is needed to investigate their actions in diabetic patients in order to confirm their ability in controlling hyperglycemia.
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Stentz FB, Mikhael A, Kineish O, Christman J, Sands C. High protein diet leads to prediabetes remission and positive changes in incretins and cardiovascular risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1227-1237. [PMID: 33549435 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High Protein diets may be associated with endocrine responses that favor improved metabolic outcomes. We studied the response to High Protein (HP) versus High Carbohydrate (HC) Diets in terms of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, the hunger hormone ghrelin and BNP, which is associated with cardiac function. We hypothesized that HP diets induce more pronounced release of glucose lowering hormones, suppress hunger and improve cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS 24 obese women and men with prediabetes were recruited and randomized to either a High Protein (HP) (n = 12) or High Carbohydrate (HC) (n = 12) diet for 6 months with all food provided. OGTT and MTT were performed and GLP-1, GIP, Ghrelin, BNP, insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and 6 months on the respective diets. Our studies showed that subjects on the HP diet had 100% remission of prediabetes compared to only 33% on the HC diet with similar weight loss. HP diet subjects had a greater increase in (1) OGTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001) and MTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001), (2) OGTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005), and a greater decrease in OGTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.001) and BNP(p = 0.001) compared to the HC diet at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the HP diet increases GLP-1 and GIP which may be responsible in part for improved insulin sensitivity and β cell function compared to the HC diet. HP ghrelin results demonstrate the HP diet can reduce hunger more effectively than the HC diet. BNP and other CVRF, metabolic parameters and oxidative stress are significantly improved compared to the HC diet. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01642849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie B Stentz
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew Mikhael
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Omer Kineish
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Christman
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; FiTelligence, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Sands
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Alsamghan AS, Alwabli AS, Abadi M, Alsaleem SA, Anbari DM, Alomari AS, Alzahrani O, Alam Q, Tarique M. From sequence analysis of DPP-4 to molecular docking based searching of its inhibitors. Bioinformation 2020; 16:444-451. [PMID: 32884207 PMCID: PMC7452749 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature data suggests that Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a potential target for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, it is of interest to identify new DPP-4 inhibitors using molecular docking analysis. We document compounds such as STOCK1N-98884, STOCK1N-98881, and STOCK1N-98866 with optimal binding features with DPP-4 from the ligand database at https://www.ibscreen.com/ for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad Saeed Alsamghan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA-61421
| | - Afaf S Alwabli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA-61421
| | - Safar A Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA-61421
| | - Dalia Mohammed Anbari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Saleh Alomari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
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7
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Can dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors treat cognitive disorders? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107559. [PMID: 32380197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The linkage of neurodegenerative diseases with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive inflammatory responses and abnormal protein processing, and the correlation between cerebrovascular diseases and hyperglycemia has opened a new window for novel therapeutics for these cognitive disorders. Various antidiabetic agents have been studied for their potential treatment of cognitive disorders, among which the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been investigated more recently. So far, DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotection and cognitive improvements in animal models, and cognitive benefits in diabetic patients with or without cognitive impairments. This review aims to summarize the potential mechanisms, advantages and limitations, and currently available evidence for developing DPP-4 inhibitors as a treatment of cognitive disorders.
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8
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Dahiya L, Kaur R, Kumar R, Kumar M, Palta K. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:279-292. [PMID: 31057118 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190502114924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rising epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus & associated complications is a serious cause of concern for humanity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists commonly abbreviated as GLP-1 RAs, emerged as a promising therapeutic class based on incretin therapy that regulates glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms. In the present study, various investigational & clinically used GLP-1 RAs have been reviewed with emphasis on their efficacy, structural modifications, adverse effects and toxicities. Various clinical trials justifying their efficacy have also been included, which highlighted the potential of GLP-1 RAs over conventional anti hyperglycaemic agents through a study of pooled effect on glycemic efficacy and weight-loss. The significant potency and appreciable safety of GLP-1 RAs manifested their potential as a logical approach for the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Dahiya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kezia Palta
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Alemdar S, Yilmaz N, Ozdem S, Sari R. Incretin levels in patients with hypothyroidism and the evaluation of incretin levels alterations with treatment. ASIAN BIOMED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Incretin hormones may influence the effects of thyroid hormones on insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. Thyroid hormones regulate insulin secretion, and the risk of diabetes was found to be associated with thyroid hormones.
Objectives
To determine whether incretin hormones influence the effects of thyroid hormones on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism.
Methods
A total of 26 patients were included in 2 groups consisting of 13 patients with hypothyroidism and 13 healthy controls. Levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were measured in 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120th min during the oral glucose tolerance test in the control group and before and after thyroxine treatment in the hypothyroid group.
Results
In the hypothyroid group, waist circumference decreased after the euthyroid state was achieved (P = 0.026). No statistically significant differences were detected in the GLP-1 and GIP levels at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min between the hypothyroidism and control groups or after ensuring the euthyroid state in patients with hypothyroidism. Peak GLP-1 levels were observed at 30 min in the control group, whereas peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were detected at 90 min in the hypothyroidism group. After achieving the euthyroid state, peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were detected at 30 min as well.
Conclusion
In patients with hypothyroidism, the incretin hormones, especially the peak response of the incretin system, are significantly affected. Significant changes were observed in the incretin system by correcting hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Alemdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University , Antalya 07070 , Turkey
| | - Nusret Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University , Antalya 07070 , Turkey
| | - Sebahat Ozdem
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine , Antalya 07070 , Turkey
| | - Ramazan Sari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University , Antalya 07070 , Turkey
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10
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Fang Y, Zhang S, Wu W, Liu Y, Yang J, Li Y, Li M, Dong H, Jin Y, Liu R, Yang Z. Design and synthesis of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine derivatives as dual GPR119 and DPP-4 modulators. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103390. [PMID: 31662212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on the approach of merged pharmacophores of GPR119 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, a series of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine compounds were designed as dual GPR119 and DPP-4 modulators with hypoglycemic activity. Seven fragments extracted from DPP-4 inhibitors were hybridized with the scaffold of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine. Among them, compound 51 displayed most potent GPR119 agonistic activity (EC50 = 8.7 nM) and good inhibition rate of 74.5% against DPP-4 at 10 μM. Furthermore, the blood glucose AUC0-2h of 51 was reduced to 19.5% in the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the dose of 30 mg/kg in C57BL/6N mice, which was more potent than that of vildagliptin (16.4%) at the same dose. The docking study of compound 51 with DPP-4 indicated GPR119 agonists could inhibit DPP-4 to serve as dual GPR119 and DPP-4 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Juan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ronghua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Khodeer DM, Bilasy SE, Farag NE, Mehana AE, Elbaz AA. Sitagliptin protects diabetic rats with acute myocardial infarction through induction of angiogenesis: role of IGF-1 and VEGF. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1053-1063. [PMID: 31116952 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated in a tissue-specific manner in all patients, especially those with diabetes. In this study, we describe a novel molecular pathway of angiogenesis regulation in diabetic rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and examine the cardioprotective effects of different doses of sitagliptin. Male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal vehicle group, diabetic group, diabetic + MI, diabetic + MI + 5 mg/kg sitagliptin, and diabetic + MI + 10 mg/kg sitagliptin. Isoproterenol in diabetic rats resulted in significant (p < 0.05) disturbance to the electrocardiogram, cardiac histopathological manifestations, and an increase in inflammatory markers compared with the vehicle and diabetic groups. Treatment with sitagliptin improved the electrocardiogram and histopathological sections, upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein (CD34) in cardiac tissues, and increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and decreased cardiac tissue homogenate for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). A relationship was found between serum IGF-1 and cardiac VEGF and CD34 accompanied by an improvement in cardiac function of diabetic rats with MI. Therefore, the observed effects of sitagliptin occurred at least partly through an improvement in angiogenesis and the mitigation of inflammation. Consequently, these data suggest that sitagliptin may contribute, in a dose-dependent manner, to protection against acute MI in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shymaa E Bilasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noha E Farag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amir E Mehana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amani A Elbaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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12
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Kong F, Pang X, Zhao J, Deng P, Zheng M, Zhong D, Chen X. Hydrolytic Metabolism of Cyanopyrrolidine DPP-4 Inhibitors Mediated by Dipeptidyl Peptidases. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:238-248. [PMID: 30530814 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrile group biotransformation is an unusual or minor metabolic pathway for most nitrile-containing drugs. However, for some cyanopyrrolidine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (vildagliptin, anagliptin, and besigliptin, but not saxagliptin), the conversion of nitrile group into carboxylic acid is their major metabolic pathway in vivo. DPP-4 was reported to be partly involved in the metabolism. In our pilot study, it was also observed that saxagliptin, a DPP-4 specific inhibitor, decreased the plasma exposures of besigliptin carboxylic acid in rats by only 20%. Therefore, it is speculated that some other enzymes may participate in nitrile group hydrolysis. After incubating gliptins with the cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria of liver and kidney, carboxylic acid metabolites could all be formed. In recombinant DPP family such as DPP-4, DPP-2, DPP-8, DPP-9, and fibroblast activation protein-α, more hydrolytic metabolites were found. Among them, DPP-2 had the highest hydrolytic capacity besides DPP-4, and the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin and DPP-2 inhibitor AX8819 can both inhibit the hydrolysis of gliptins. Western blot results showed that DPP-2 and DPP-4 existed in the aforementioned subcellular organelles at varying amounts. In rats, AX8819 decreased the plasma exposures of besigliptin carboxylic acid by 40%. The amide intermediates of gliptins were detected in vivo and in vitro. When the amide derivatives of gliptins were incubated with DPP-4, they were completely hydrolyzed at a rate far more than that from the parent drug, including saxagliptin-amide. Therefore, it was proposed that gliptins, except saxagliptin, were initially hydrolyzed to their amides by DPPs, which was the rate-limiting step in generating the carboxylic end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Kong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Pan Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (F.K., X.P., P.D., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (F.K., M.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P.R. China (J.Z.)
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13
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Zhu MR, Zhou J, Jin Y, Gao LH, Li L, Yang JR, Lu CM, Zhao QH, Xie MJ. A manganese-salen complex as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1232-1239. [PMID: 30171949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A manganese Schiff base complex with N,N'-1,2-phenylenediamine-bis(salicyladimine) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. This complex was administered intragastrically to alloxan-diabetic mice 3 weeks. In vivo tests showed that the complex significantly lowered serum glucose levels in alloxan-diabetic mice at doses of 77 mg V kg-1. Meanwhile, this complex was investigated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The compound exhibit moderate inhibition against DPP-IV and possessed an IC50 value of 30 μM. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the inhibition kinetics data demonstrated that it was a noncompetitive inhibitor of DPP-IV and Ki value was 136.3 μM. Moreover, molecular modeling studies suggested that the complex could fit well within the active-site cleft of DPP-IV. An acute toxicity study showed that animals treated intragastically with complex 1 at a dose of 5.0 g/kg did not show any significantly abnormal signs. These preliminary results suggest that the manganese Schiff base complex can induce a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Jin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
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Ahmad S, Alam O, Naim MJ, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM, Iqbal M. Pyrrole: An insight into recent pharmacological advances with structure activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:527-561. [PMID: 30119011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic ring template with multiple pharmacophores that provides a way for the generation of library of enormous lead molecules. Owing to its vast pharmacological profile, pyrrole and its analogues have drawn much attention of the researchers/chemists round the globe to be explored exhaustively for the benefit of mankind. This review focusses on recent advancements; pertaining to pyrrole scaffold, discussing various aspects of structure activity relationship and its bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujauddin Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India.
| | - Mohd Javed Naim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Rupasinghe HV, Arumuggam N, Amararathna M, De Silva A. The potential health benefits of haskap ( Lonicera caerulea L.): Role of cyanidin-3- O -glucoside. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Wang X, Liu J, Li C, Zhao M, Liu L, Guan Q, Zhang H, Zhang X, Gao L, Zhao J, Song Y. Impaired secretion of active GLP-1 in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia: A novel lipotoxicity paradigm? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 29135069 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipotoxicity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that exerts beneficial effects on the number and function of islet β cells. However, the effect of lipotoxicity on GLP-1 secretion is still unknown. METHODS Twenty-five patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes were recruited from 400 subjects based on 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Patients were divided into diabetes (DM) and DM combined with hypertriglyceridaemia (DM + HTG) groups according to their serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Seventy-one normal controls and 17 patients with isolated hypertriglyceridaemia were matched by age and gender. RESULTS Total and active fasting GLP-1 and 2-hour GLP-1 levels were not significantly altered among the 4 groups. However, total and active ΔGLP-1 levels (the difference between 2-hour GLP-1 and fasting GLP-1 levels) were significantly reduced in the isolated HTG, DM, and DM + HTG groups, particularly the DM + HTG group. The ratio of serum active GLP-1 (AGLP-1) to total GLP-1 (TGLP-1) levels was also decreased in patients with isolated HTG, suggesting that active GLP-1 secretion may be more seriously impaired. Both ΔTGLP-1 and ΔAGLP-1 levels were negatively correlated with serum TG levels, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and positively correlated with HDL-C levels. According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, only TG and FPG levels were independently associated with ΔTGLP-1 and ΔAGLP-1 levels. CONCLUSION Impaired GLP-1 secretion was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes, and a more obvious association was noted in hypertriglyceridaemic patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chaolin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) administered by weekly injection and approved for use in type 2 diabetes. It has less gastrointestinal side effects than other GLP-1 RAs in current use but does not improve HbA1c or promote weight loss to the same extent as some competitor agents. Area covered: The current use of albiglutide is discussed. The review encompassed a search of PubMed and a thorough analysis of the European Union and US Food and Drug Administration approval documents. Expert opinion: Unlike competitor agents, the gastrointestinal side effects of albiglutide are not much greater than placebo. It has been studied and appears safe at all stages of renal failure. There exists concern about an imbalance of pancreatitis cases in the approval program as well as injection site reactions which led to discontinuance of therapy in up to 2% of participants. A large long-term study is now underway to determine if albiglutide, with its relatively favorable GI tolerance, has a place in the treatment of patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events. At present, albiglutide is a safe agent to introduce GLP-1 RA treatment into the regimen for type 2 diabetes patients and may be the GLP-1 agent of choice in patients with renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Rendell
- a The Association of Diabetes Investigators , Newport Coast , CA , USA
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18
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Ado Moumouni AN, Robin P, Hillaire-Buys D, Faillie JL. SGLT-2 inhibitors and ketoacidosis: a disproportionality analysis in the World Health Organization's adverse drug reactions database. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 32:216-226. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser Ado Moumouni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology; CHU Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier 34295 France
| | - Perrine Robin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology; CHU Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier 34295 France
| | - Dominique Hillaire-Buys
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology; CHU Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier 34295 France
- INSERM U1058; Faculty of Medicine; University of Montpellier; Montpellier 34394 France
| | - Jean-Luc Faillie
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology; CHU Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier 34295 France
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health (EA 2415); Faculty of Medicine; University of Montpellier; Montpellier 34093 France
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Albiglutide is a marketed long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) administered by weekly injection. It has significantly less gastrointestinal side effects than other GLP-1 RAs in current use but does not improve HbA1c or promote weight loss to the same extent as competitor agents such as liraglutide. Area Covered: The safety of albiglutide is discussed. The review encompassed a search of PubMed and a thorough analysis of the European Union and US Food and Drug Administration approval documents. Expert Opinion: Unlike competitor agents, the gastrointestinal side effects of albiglutide are not much greater than placebo. It has been studied and appears safe at all stages of renal failure. There exists concern about an imbalance of pancreatitis cases in the approval program as well as injection site reactions which led to discontinuance of therapy in up to 2% of participants. A large long term study now underway will determine if albiglutide, with its relatively favorable GI tolerance, has a place in the treatment of patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Rendell
- a The Association of Diabetes Investigators , Newport Coast , CA , USA
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20
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Xie MJ, Zhu MR, Lu CM, Jin Y, Gao LH, Li L, Zhou J, Li FF, Zhao QH, Liu HK, Sadler PJ, Sanchez-Cano C. Synthesis and characterization of oxidovanadium complexes as enzyme inhibitors targeting dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:29-35. [PMID: 28692886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two oxidovanadium(IV) complexes carrying Schiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives were synthesised and characterised, including their X-ray crystallographic structures. They were evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These compounds were moderate inhibitors of DPP-IV, with IC50 values of ca. 40μM. In vivo tests showed that complexes 1 and 2 could lower significantly the level of glucose in the blood of alloxan-diabetic mice at doses of 22.5mgV·kg-1 and 29.6mgV·kg-1, respectively. Moreover, molecular modeling studies suggested that the oxidovanadium complexes 1 and 2 could fit well into the active-site cleft of the kinase domain of DPP-IV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of vanadium complexes capable of inhibiting DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ming-Rong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan-Fang Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Rendell M. United States experience of insulin degludec alone or in combination for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:1209-1220. [PMID: 28458515 PMCID: PMC5402881 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s132581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin degludec has been the product of a sophisticated and systematic biochemical engineering program which began with the release of insulin detemir. The goal was to produce a long-lasting basal insulin with low individual variability. Certainly, this goal has been achieved. Degludec has a duration of action approaching twice that of glargine. Another advantage of degludec is in its lack of unpredictable copolymerization of added aspart. In several studies, degludec has shown lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia than glargine. Degludec can be administered flexibly with a very flat insulin concentration curve at any time of day. Initial US Food and Drug Administration concerns about a possible increase in cardiac events in degludec-treated patients have been allayed by the results of a study targeting individuals with high cardiac risk. Degludec is now marketed in the US competing with glargine. Despite the long duration of action of degludec, attempted administration three times weekly resulted in less effective lowering of glycated hemoglobin and an increased incidence of hypoglycemia compared to daily glargine. Conversely the coformulation of degludec and liraglutide has proven very successful in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels with less hypoglycemia and less weight gain than with degludec alone and with less gastrointestinal symptoms than with liraglutide alone. A large study comparing glargine insulin and degludec in patients with increased cardiac risk is now ongoing. This study may or may not prove superiority of one or the other insulin, but, with the coming of biosimilar glargine insulin, cost factors may be dominant in determining which basal insulin is to be used. Nonetheless, the coformulation with liraglutide will likely insure the future of degludec insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rendell
- The Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation
- The Association of Diabetes Investigators, Newport Coast, CA, USA
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22
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Anjibabu R, Boggu JMR, Shekhar P, Reddy BVS. Stereoselective Synthesis of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor, ( R
)-Sitagliptin. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramisetti Anjibabu
- Centre for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Department of Chemistry; Adikavi Nannaya University; Rajahmundry 533296 India
| | | | - Putta Shekhar
- Centre for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Basi V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) administered by weekly injection. Area covered: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of albiglutide and its clinical effects are discussed. The review encompassed a search of PubMed and a thorough analysis of the European Union and US Food and Drug Administration approval documents. Expert opinion: Albiglutide has a chemical structure quite distinct from that of other marketed GLP-1 RAs. The agent has less gastrointestinal side effects than other comparable GLP-1 RAs and is safe in patients with renal failure. As a sole treatment for diabetes and used with other hypoglycemic agents, it achieves a lowering of HbA1c of up to 1%, less than several competitor GLP-1 RAs. The benefit on weight reduction is minimal compared to other GLP-1 RAs. There exists concern about an imbalance of pancreatitis cases in the approval program as well as injection site reactions which led to discontinuance of therapy in up to 2% of participants. A large long term study now underway will determine if albiglutide, with its lower level of GI intolerance, has a place in the treatment of patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Rendell
- a The Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation , Omaha , NE , USA.,b The Association of Diabetes Investigators , Omaha , NE , USA
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Lovre D, Htun W, Carrion C, Fonseca VA. What Are We Learning from the FDA-Mandated Cardiovascular Outcome Studies for New Pharmacological Antidiabetic Agents? Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:94. [PMID: 27541296 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in patients with diabetes. For these patients, clinicians should seek diabetes treatment that is beneficial rather than harmful in relation to CVD. Until recently, there have been many treatments for hyperglycemia, whose impact on CVD has been controversial. The aims of this review are to evaluate the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic medications on risk factors for CVD and to examine the impact of these drugs on CVD in cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials. In this article, we summarize current knowledge about the impacts of these drugs on various risk factors as well as CV outcomes. We identify the recent emergence of trials with antihyperglycemic agents showing newly discovered CV benefits as well as past trials with antihyperglycemic agents not showing much benefit on CV events. Rather than focusing on treatment strategies, we review the effects of individual drug classes on CV outcomes. We also briefly review goal-driven glycemia reduction and its impact on CVD. We conclude that antihyperglycemic agents are associated with improvement in CV risk factors in patients with diabetes and insulin resistance; in fact, a few drugs reduced CV events in randomized CV outcome trials. Therefore, the use of these drugs is appropriate for reducing glucose and decreasing CV event risk in a select subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Lovre
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-53, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Wynn Htun
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-53, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Carly Carrion
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-53, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-53, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care Systems, New Orleans, USA
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Pantaleão SQ, Maltarollo VG, Araujo SC, Gertrudes JC, Honorio KM. Molecular docking studies and 2D analyses of DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates in the treatment of diabetes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3188-93. [PMID: 26399297 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an important biological target related to the treatment of diabetes as DPP-4 inhibitors can lead to an increase in the insulin levels and a prolonged activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), being effective in glycemic control. Thus, this study analyses the main molecular interactions between DPP-4 and a series of bioactive ligands. The methodology used here employed molecular modeling methods, such as HQSAR (Hologram Quantitative Structure-Activity) analyses and molecular docking, with the aim of understanding the main structural features of the compound series that are essential for the biological activity. Analyses of the main interactions in the active site of DPP-4, in particular, the contribution of the hydroxyl coordination between Tyr547 and Ser630 by the water molecule, which is described in the literature as important for the coordinated interactions in the active site, were performed. Significant correlation coefficients of the best 2D model (r(2) = 0.942 and q(2) = 0.836) were obtained, indicating the predictive power of this model for untested compounds. Therefore, the final model constructed in this study, along with the information from the contribution maps, could be useful in the design of novel DPP-4 ligands with improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Sekar R, Singh K, Arokiaraj AWR, Chow BKC. Pharmacological Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, and Glucagon. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:279-341. [PMID: 27572131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon family of peptide hormones is a group of structurally related brain-gut peptides that exert their pleiotropic actions through interactions with unique members of class B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are key regulators of hormonal homeostasis and are important drug targets for metabolic disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and dysregulations of the nervous systems such as migraine, anxiety, depression, neurodegeneration, psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The current review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the pharmacological actions and therapeutic advances of three members within this family including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A W R Arokiaraj
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jamaluddin JL, Huri HZ, Vethakkan SR. Clinical and genetic predictors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:867-81. [PMID: 27249660 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the clinical and genetic predictors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. PATIENTS & METHODS DPP4, WFS1 and KCNJ11 gene polymorphisms were genotyped in a cohort study of 662 T2DM patients treated with DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin or linagliptin. Genotyping was performed by Applied Biosystems TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS Patients with triglyceride levels less than 1.7 mmol/l (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2.; 95% CI: 1.031-4.723), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.009-2.892) and KCNJ11 rs2285676 (genotype CC) (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.025-3.767) were more likely to response to DPP-4 inhibitor treatment compared with other patients, as measured by HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION Triglycerides, DBP and KCNJ11 rs2285676 are predictors of the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment response in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlina Liza Jamaluddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shireene Ratna Vethakkan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Latorre R, Huynh J, Mazzoni M, Gupta A, Bonora E, Clavenzani P, Chang L, Mayer EA, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor, T2R38, in Enteroendocrine Cells of the Colonic Mucosa of Overweight/Obese vs. Lean Subjects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147468. [PMID: 26866366 PMCID: PMC4750998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in the mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa. In the mouse colon, T2R138 is localized to enteroendocrine cells and is upregulated by long-term high fat diet that induces obesity. The aims of this study were to test whether T2R38 expression is altered in overweight/obese (OW/OB) compared to normal weight (NW) subjects and characterize the cell types expressing T2R38, the human counterpart of mouse T2R138, in human colon. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained during colonoscopy from 35 healthy subjects (20 OW/OB and 15 NW) and processed for quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry using antibodies to T2R38, chromogranin A (CgA), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), or peptide YY (PYY). T2R38 mRNA levels in the colonic mucosa of OW/OB were increased (> 2 fold) compared to NW subjects but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). However, the number of T2R38 immunoreactive (IR) cells was significantly increased in OW/OB vs. NW subjects (P = 0.01) and was significantly correlated with BMI values (r = 0.7557; P = 0.001). In both OW/OB and NW individuals, all T2R38-IR cells contained CgA-IR supporting they are enteroendocrine. In both groups, T2R38-IR colocalized with CCK-, GLP1- or PYY-IR. The overall CgA-IR cell population was comparable in OW/OB and NW individuals. This study shows that T2R38 is expressed in distinct populations of enteroendocrine cells in the human colonic mucosa and supports T2R38 upregulation in OW/OB subjects. T2R38 might mediate host functional responses to increased energy balance and intraluminal changes occurring in obesity, which could involve peptide release from enteroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Latorre
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lin Chang
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Luttikhold J, van Norren K, Rijna H, Buijs N, Ankersmit M, Heijboer AC, Gootjes J, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, van Loon LJ, van Leeuwen PA. Jejunal feeding is followed by a greater rise in plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon-like peptide 2 concentrations compared with gastric feeding in vivo in humans: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:435-43. [PMID: 26762368 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jejunal feeding is preferred instead of gastric feeding in patients who are intolerant to gastric feeding or at risk of aspiration. However, the impact of gastric feeding compared with that of jejunal feeding on postprandial circulating plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations and the associated endocrine response in vivo in humans remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We compared the impact of administering enteral nutrition as either gastric feeding or jejunal feeding on endocrine responses in vivo in humans. DESIGN In a randomized, crossover study design, 12 healthy young men (mean ± SD age: 21 ± 2 y) received continuous enteral nutrition that contained noncoagulating proteins for 12 h via a nasogastric tube or a nasojejunal tube placed 30-40 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Blood samples were collected during the 12-h postprandial period to assess the rise in plasma glucose, amino acid, and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations. RESULTS No differences were observed in the postprandial rise in circulating plasma amino acid and glucose concentrations between regimens. Jejunal feeding resulted in higher peak plasma insulin concentrations than did gastric feeding (392 ± 53 compared with 326 ± 54 pmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentrations was greater after jejunal feeding than after gastric feeding, with higher peak concentrations and a greater postprandial incremental AUC for GLP-1 and cholecystokinin (all P < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin concentrations did not differ between regimens. CONCLUSIONS Enteral nutrition with gastric or jejunal feeding in healthy young men results in similar postprandial plasma amino acid and glucose concentrations. However, the endocrine response differs substantially, with higher peak plasma cholecystokinin, PYY, GLP-1, and GLP-2 concentrations being attained after jejunal feeding. This effect may result in an improved anabolic response, greater insulin sensitivity, and an improved intestinotropic effect. Nevertheless, it may also lead to delayed gastric emptying. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR2801.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutrition and Pharmacology Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Herman Rijna
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Bolette Hartmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jens J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Luc Jc van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Rohden F, Costa CS, Hammes TO, Margis R, Padoin AV, Mottin CC, Guaragna RM. Obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus is linked to decreased PC1/3 mRNA expression in the Jejunum. Obes Surg 2015; 24:2075-81. [PMID: 24831459 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapeutic option for obesity and its complications, especially in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression of proglucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) in jejunum cells of the morbidly obese (OB) non type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM2) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to determine the molecular basis of incretin secretion after bariatric surgery. METHODS Samples of jejunal mucosa were obtained from 20 NDM2 patients: removal of a section of the jejunum about 60 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and 18 T2DM patients: removal of a section of the jejunum about 100 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out. Samples were sequenced to PC1/3 by ACTGene Análises Moleculares Ltd. Immuno content was quantified with a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS T2DM showed decreased PC1/3 mRNA expression in the primers tested (primer a, p=0.014; primer b, p=0.048). Many patients (36.5 %) did not express PC1/3 mRNA. NDM2 and T2DM subjects showed nonsignificantly different proglucagon, GIP, and DPP-IV mRNA expression. The immuno contents of glucagon-like peptide-1 and GIP decreased in T2DM jejunum, but incubation with high glucose stimulated the immuno contents. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that bioactivation of pro-GIP and proglucagon could be impaired by the lower expression of PC1/3 mRNA in jejunum cells of obese patients with T2DM. However, after surgery, food could activate this system and improve glucose levels in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli Rohden
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - anexo, CEP 90.035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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31
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Abstract
Plasma hormone peptides, including GLP-1, GIP, Glucagon, and OXM, possess multiple physiological roles and potential therapeutic and diagnostic utility as biomarkers in the research of metabolic disorders. These peptides are subject to proteolytic degradation causing preanalytical variations. Stabilization for accurate quantitation of these active peptides in ex vivo blood specimens is essential for drug and biomarker development. We investigated the protease-driven instability of these peptides in conventional serum, plasma, anticoagulated whole blood, as well as whole blood and plasma stabilized with protease inhibitors. The peptide was monitored by both time-course Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-to-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI –TOF MS) and Ab-based assay (ELISA or RIA). MS enabled the identification of proteolytic fragments. In non-stabilized blood samples, the results clearly indicated that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) removed the N-terminal two amino acid residues from GLP-1, GIP and OXM(1-37) and not-yet identified peptidase(s) cleave(s) the full-length OXM(1-37) and its fragments. DPP-IV also continued to remove two additional N-terminal residues of processed OXM(3–37) to yield OXM(5–37). Importantly, both DPP-IV and other peptidase(s) activities were inhibited efficiently by the protease inhibitors included in the BD P800* tube. There was preservation of GLP-1, GIP, OXM and glucagon in the P800 plasma samples with half-lives > 96, 96, 72, and 45 hours at room temperature (RT), respectively. In the BD P700* plasma samples, the stabilization of GLP-1 was also achieved with half-life > 96 hours at RT. The stabilization of these variable peptides increased their utility in drug and/or biomarker development. While stability results of GLP-1 obtained with Ab-based assay were consistent with those obtained by MS analysis, the Ab-based results of GIP, Glucagon, and OXM did not reflect the time-dependent degradations revealed by MS analysis. Therefore, we recommended characterizing the degradation of the peptide using the MS-based method when investigating the stability of a specific peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizu Yi
- BD Diagnostics, One Becton Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JY); (DC)
| | - David Warunek
- BD Diagnostics, One Becton Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America
| | - David Craft
- BD Diagnostics, One Becton Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JY); (DC)
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Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, which is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of a variety of cells. This exopeptidase selectively cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from a variety of substrates, including cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and the incretin hormones. Expression of DPP4 is substantially dysregulated in a variety of disease states including inflammation, cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Since the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are major regulators of post-prandial insulin secretion, inhibition of DPP4 by the gliptin family of drugs has gained considerable interest for the therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the DPP4–incretin axis and evaluate most recent findings on DPP4 inhibitors. Furthermore, DPP4 as a type II transmembrane protein is also known to be cleaved from the cell membrane involving different metalloproteases in a cell-type-specific manner. Circulating, soluble DPP4 has been identified as a new adipokine, which exerts both para- and endocrine effects. Recently, a novel receptor for soluble DPP4 has been identified, and data are accumulating that the adipokine-related effects of DPP4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Importantly, circulating DPP4 is augmented in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects, and it may represent a molecular link between obesity and vascular dysfunction. A critical evaluation of the impact of circulating DPP4 is presented, and the potential role of DPP4 inhibition at this level is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Röhrborn
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Nina Wronkowitz
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Juergen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center , Düsseldorf , Germany
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Umezawa S, Kubota A, Maeda H, Kanamori A, Matoba K, Jin Y, Minagawa F, Obana M, Iemitsu K, Ito S, Amamiya H, Kaneshiro M, Takai M, Kaneshige H, Hoshino K, Ishikawa M, Minami N, Takuma T, Sasai N, Aoyagi S, Kawata T, Mokubo A, Miyairi Y, Takeda H, Honda S, Machimura H, Motomiya T, Waseda M, Naka Y, Tanaka Y, Terauchi Y, Matsuba I. Two-year assessment of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: Post hoc analysis of the ASSET-K study. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 26137940 PMCID: PMC4490678 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have only been a few reports about use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting that the safety of these agents has not been sufficiently demonstrated. We performed a comparative review of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin for Japanese patients with T2DM managed in the real-world clinical setting. METHODS An age-stratified analysis was performed of 831 patients who were treated with sitagliptin for 2 years. Parameters assessed included the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, serum creatinine, and adverse events. HbA1c and the incidence of hypoglycemia were also evaluated in patients treated with sitagliptin and a sulfonylurea (SU), who were divided into three age groups (<65 years, 65-74 years, and ≥75 years). RESULTS Comparison of glycemic control parameters, laboratory values, and adverse events revealed significant improvement of HbA1c, casual postprandial plasma glucose, and fasting plasma glucose in each age group with no change in body weight. Serum creatinine increased significantly in all age groups. Hypoglycemia only occurred in patients who received combined treatment with an SU and sitagliptin, and there was no age-related difference in its incidence. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c was improved by 2 years of sitagliptin therapy in all three age groups, and age did not seem to influence the incidence of hypoglycemic events. These results confirm the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in patients ≥ 75 years old, suggesting that it is also useful for treating elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Umezawa
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Akira Kubota
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Akira Kanamori
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kiyokazu Matoba
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Jin
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Fuyuki Minagawa
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Obana
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Iemitsu
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ito
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Amamiya
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Kaneshiro
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Takai
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kaneshige
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Hoshino
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Masashi Ishikawa
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Minami
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Takuma
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Sasai
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Sachio Aoyagi
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Kawata
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Mokubo
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Miyairi
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Shin Honda
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hideo Machimura
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Motomiya
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Manabu Waseda
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Naka
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Matsuba
- Study Group of the Diabetes Committee, Kanagawa Physicians Association, Yokohama, Japan.
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Tella SH, Rendell MS. Glucagon-like polypeptide agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus: efficacy and tolerability, a balance. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6:109-34. [PMID: 26137215 PMCID: PMC4480552 DOI: 10.1177/2042018815580257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatment has multiple effects on glucose metabolism, supports the β cell, and promotes weight loss. There are now five GLP-1 agonists in clinical use with more in development. GLP-1 treatment typically can induce a lowering of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 0.5-1.5% over time with weight loss of 2-5%. In some individuals, a progressive loss of weight occurs. There is evidence that GLP-1 therapy opposes the loss of β cells which is a feature of type 2 diabetes. The chief downside of GLP-1 treatment is the gastrointestinal motility disturbance which is one of the modes of action of the hormone; significant nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may lead to discontinuation of treatment. Although daily injection of GLP-1 agents is successful, the development of extended release preparations allows for injection once weekly, and perhaps much longer in the future. The indication for GLP-1 use is diabetes, but now, liraglutide has been approved for primary treatment of obesity. When oral agents fail to control glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, there is a choice between long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists as additional treatments. The lowering of HbA1c by either modality is equivalent in most studies. Patients lose weight with GLP-1 treatment and gain weight on insulin. There is a lower incidence of hypoglycemia with GLP-1 therapy but a much higher incidence of gastrointestinal complaints. Insulin dosing is flexible while GLP-1 agents have historically been administered at fixed dosages. Now, the use of combined long-acting insulin and GLP-1 agonists is promising a major therapeutic change. Combined therapy takes advantage of the benefits of both insulin and GLP-1 agents. Furthermore, direct admixture of both in the same syringe will permit flexible dosing, improvement of glucose levels, and reduction of both hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Tella
- Resident Physician (PGY 3), Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Marc S Rendell
- Professor of Medicine and Director of the Creighton Diabetes Center and Executive Director of the Association of Diabetes Investigators
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35
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Godinho R, Mega C, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Carvalho E, Teixeira F, Fernandes R, Reis F. The Place of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Therapeutics: A "Me Too" or "the Special One" Antidiabetic Class? J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:806979. [PMID: 26075286 PMCID: PMC4449938 DOI: 10.1155/2015/806979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretin-based therapies, the most recent therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, can modify various elements of the disease, including hypersecretion of glucagon, abnormal gastric emptying, postprandial hyperglycaemia, and, possibly, pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) availability and correct the "incretin defect" seen in T2DM patients. Clinical studies have shown good glycaemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia or any other adverse effects, despite the reports of pancreatitis, whose association remains to be proved. Recent studies have been focusing on the putative ability of DPP-4 inhibitors to preserve pancreas function, in particular due to the inhibition of apoptotic pathways and stimulation of β cell proliferation. In addition, other cytoprotective effects on other organs/tissues that are involved in serious T2DM complications, including the heart, kidney, and retina, have been increasingly reported. This review outlines the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM, focusing on their main features, clinical applications, and risks, and discusses the major challenges for the future, in particular the possibility of becoming the preferred therapy for T2DM due to their ability to modify the natural history of the disease and ameliorate nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Godinho
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Mega
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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González-Abuín N, Martínez-Micaelo N, Margalef M, Blay M, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B, Ardévol A, Pinent M. A grape seed extract increases active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels after an oral glucose load in rats. Food Funct 2015; 5:2357-64. [PMID: 25088664 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that procyanidins, a class of flavonoids, improve glycemia and exert an incretin-like effect, which was linked to their proven inhibitory effect on the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity. However, their actual effect on incretin levels has not been reported yet. Therefore, in the present study we have evaluated whether a grape seed extract enriched in procyanidins (GSPE) modulates plasma incretin levels and attempted to determine the mechanisms involved. An acute GSPE treatment in healthy Wistar female rats prior to an oral glucose load induced an increase in plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which was accompanied by an increase in the plasma insulin/glucose ratio and a simultaneous decrease in glucose levels. In agreement with our previous studies, the intestinal DPP4 activity was inhibited by the GSPE treatment. We have also assayed in vitro whether this inhibition occurs in inner intestinal tissues close to GLP-1-producing cells, such as the endothelium of the capillaries. We have found that the main compounds absorbed by intestinal CaCo-2 cells after an acute treatment with GSPE are catechin, epicatechin, B2 dimer and gallic acid, and that they inhibit the DPP4 activity in endothelial HUVEC cells in an additive way. Moreover, an increase in plasma total GLP-1 levels was found, suggesting an increase in GLP-1 secretion. In conclusion, our results show that GSPE improves glycemia through its action on GLP-1 secretion and on the inhibition of the inner intestinal DPP4 activity, leading to an increase in active GLP-1 levels, which, in turn, may affect the insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi González-Abuín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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Sharma A, Paliwal G, Upadhyay N, Tiwari A. Therapeutic stimulation of GLP-1 and GIP protein with DPP-4 inhibitors for type-2 diabetes treatment. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:15. [PMID: 26473146 PMCID: PMC4607261 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a new treatment for type-2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibition increases levels of active GLP-1. GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion and diminishes glucagon secretion, in this manner reducing glucose concentrations in blood. A number of DPP-4 inhibitors are under clinical development. However, the durability and long-term safety of DPP-4 inhibition remain to be established. These synthetic DPP-4 inhibitors are showing some side effects. Herbal medicines are alternative medicine over synthetic drugs that can relieve the patients. Various research studies have been carried all over the world to evaluate the efficacy of herbs in the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus. For a long time type II diabetes mellitus has been treated orally with herbal medicines, because plant products are frequently prescribed due to their less toxicity than conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Geetanjali Paliwal
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Nisha Upadhyay
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
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Blevins T. Control of Postprandial Glucose Levels with Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes. Postgrad Med 2015; 123:135-47. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2011.07.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jamaluddin JL, Huri HZ, Vethakkan SR, Mustafa N. Pancreatic gene variants potentially associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment response in Type 2 diabetes. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:235-49. [PMID: 24444412 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult pancreas, the expression of the genes PAX4, KCNQ1, TCF7L2, KCNJ11, ABCC8, MTNR1B and WFS1 are mainly restricted to β cells to maintain glucose homeostasis. We have identified these genes as the main regulators of incretin-mediated actions, and therefore they may potentially influence the response of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review represents the first detailed exploration of pancreatic β-cell genes and their variant mechanisms, which could potentially affect the response of DPP-4 inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes. We have focused on the signaling pathways of these genes to understand their roles in gastrointestinal incretin-mediated effects; and finally, we sought to associate gene mechanisms with their Type 2 diabetes risk variants to predict the responses of DPP-4 inhibitors for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlina Liza Jamaluddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dynamics of type 2 diabetes mellitus laboratory remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with body mass index lower than 35 kg/m(2) and higher than 35 kg/m(2) in a 3-year observation period. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2015; 9:523-30. [PMID: 25561989 PMCID: PMC4280414 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2014.44427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bariatric surgery as treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in morbidly obese patients is becoming common. Although a large number of studies demonstrating high efficacy of bariatric methods in diabetics with body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2 have been published, this promising solution is still not accepted enough even in the era of a diabetes offensive. Aim To analyze the dynamics of T2DM remission in patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2 and > 35 kg/m2 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Material and methods Data of 30 patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2 and 82 with BMI > 35 kg/m2 who underwent RYGB between 2007 and 2010 were collected from a prospectively designed database. The laboratory resolution of T2DM was determined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG ≤ 100 mg/dl) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ≤ 6%). Results The T2DM regression was observed in 80% of the patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2 and 83% in a group with BMI > 35 kg/m2 1 year after RYGB and about 80% 2 and 3 years after the operation in both groups. Normalization of average HbA1c and FPG was observed in the BMI > 35 kg/m2 group after 3 months, while in the BMI < 35 kg/m2 group it was reached 6 months postoperatively. Changes in main markers of T2DM were parallel with the BMI decrease 3–12 months after RYGB, but early resolution in some patients was observed independently of weight loss. Conclusions The mid-term observation of patients after RYGB revealed the laboratory remission of T2DM. Ultimate evaluation of T2DM markers 3 years after surgery demonstrates high effectiveness of RYGB in managing T2DM in both groups.
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Zeytünlüoğlu A, Zihnioğlu F. Evaluation of some plants for potential dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory effects in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a serine amino (exo) peptidase which regulates various processes most notably plasma glucose homeostasis by cleaving incretin peptide hormones as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulin releasing polypeptide (GIP). Realization of the inhibition of this enzyme in controlling diabetes is one of the strategies adopted in recent years. The present study was designed to investigate the DPP IV inhibitory effects of sixteen plant having antidiabetic property in aqueous extracts in correlation with their protein content.Methods: In vitro DPP IV inhibition was evaluated by the specific inhibitory activity of plant aqueous extracts prepared without and with heat (60°C) treatment.Results: Among the tested plants Vitis vinifera L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Prunus laurocerasus L., Rubus caesius L. and Olea europaea L. extracts showed DPP IV inhibitory activity with respect to IC50 values of 0.04-0.09 mg protein/ml. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitor potency of A. dracunculus extract was stronger than the other extracts.Conclusion: The present study is the first report on screening and preliminary characterization of DPP IV inhibitory activity in aqueous extracts of selected antidiabetic medicinal food. This study could provide a new insight into DPP IV inhibitors from plants that could be useful for treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4-i) are highly selective inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-4. They act by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which have potent effects on insulin and glucagon release, gastric emptying, and satiety. Our goal is to review the safety issues related to DPP-4-i. AREAS COVERED This review is based upon a PubMed search of the literature using keywords alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, DPP-4-i, glucagon-like polypeptide-1 agonists, as well as extensive personal clinical trial experience with each of these agents. The current DPP-4-i have very different chemical structures. Saxagliptin has significant cytochrome P450 metabolism and carries a risk of drug interactions. Linagliptin has primarily entero-hepatic excretion, a benefit in renally impaired patients. A concern arose related to congestive heart failure in the SAVOR TIMI trial of saxagliptin. Several major cardiac studies are underway, with two concluded. Despite lingering uncertainty related to pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, large randomized trials have not shown an increased risk with DPP-4-i treatment. Cutaneous adverse effects occur with a low frequency with some of these agents. EXPERT OPINION DPP-4-i are an additional choice in the group of anti-hyperglycemics. Their principal advantage is a low incidence of hypoglycemia, making these agents desirable in patients such as the elderly and those with cardiac disease. Several large trials have hinted at less cardiac risk with DPP-4-i than with sulfonylureas. The CAROLINA Trial comparing linagliptin and glimepiride may provide a conclusive answer to this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Tella
- Creighton Diabetes Center , 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131 , USA
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Wang S, Su M, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang L, Ji X, Li J, Li J, Liu H. ( R )-3-Amino-1-((3a S ,7a S )-octahydro-1 H -indol-1-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one derivatives as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6684-6693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ji X, Xia C, Wang J, Su M, Zhang L, Dong T, Li Z, Wan X, Li J, Li J, Zhao L, Gao Z, Jiang H, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile and octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:242-56. [PMID: 25164763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previous work in our group and the principle of computer-aided drug design, a series of novel β-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized. Compounds 8l and 9l were efficacious and selective DPP4 inhibitors resulting in decreased blood glucose in vivo. Compound 8l had moderate DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05 μM) and good oral bioavailability (F = 53.2%). Compound 9l showed excellent DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.01 μM), good selectivity (selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 898.00; DPP9/DPP4 = 566.00) against related peptidases, and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance tests in ICR mice and moderate PK profiles (F = 22.8%, t1/2 = 2.74 h). Moreover, compound 9l did not block hERG channel and exhibited no inhibition of liver metabolic enzymes such as CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; East China of Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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González-Abuín N, Martínez-Micaelo N, Blay M, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Grape-seed procyanidins prevent the cafeteria-diet-induced decrease of glucagon-like peptide-1 production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1066-1072. [PMID: 24410268 DOI: 10.1021/jf405239p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Grape-seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) has been reported to improve insulin resistance in cafeteria rats. Because glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is involved in glucose homeostasis, the preventive effects of GSPE on GLP-1 production, secretion, and elimination were evaluated in a model of diet-induced insulin resistance. Rats were fed a cafeteria diet for 12 weeks, and 25 mg of GSPE/kg of body weight was administered concomitantly. Vehicle-treated cafeteria-fed rats and chow-fed rats were used as controls. The cafeteria diet decreased active GLP-1 plasma levels, which is attributed to a decreased intestinal GLP-1 production, linked to reduced colonic enteroendocrine cell populations. Such effects were prevented by GSPE. In the same context, GSPE avoided the decrease on intestinal dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity and modulated the gene expression of GLP-1 and its receptor in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the preventive treatment with GSPE abrogates the effects of the cafeteria diet on intestinal GLP-1 production and DPP4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi González-Abuín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Does the length of the biliary limb influence medium-term laboratory remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients? Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2014; 9:31-9. [PMID: 24729807 PMCID: PMC3983547 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2014.40383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment of morbid obesity leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resolution. However, evidence demonstrates that standard limb lengths can have a limited impact on long-term weight loss and durable T2DM remission. Aim The authors evaluated the impact of biliary limb (BL) length on the T2DM laboratory markers in 2-year follow-up. Material and methods The data of 93 obese patients with T2DM who underwent RYGB between 2008 and 2010 were collected from prospectively designed database. The length of BL was standard in one group of 51 patients (S-BL: 50–75 cm) and longer in another group of 42 patients (L-BL: 100–150 cm). The laboratory parameters defining T2DM remission – fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) – were measured 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results The average level of FPG and HbA1c remained non-diabetic 24 months after the RYGB in both groups. A statistical difference was not observed in direct FPG, HbA1c, ΔFPG and ΔHbA1c comparisons at any follow-up point. However, a significantly higher proportion of patients in L-BL than in S-BL reached the laboratory remission criteria without anti-diabetic medicaments. Additional analysis revealed a strong correlation between the measured T2DM parameters and length of the common limb (CL) in both groups. Conclusions A longer BL can intensify the anti-diabetic effect of RYGB. The length of CL rather than BL influences the medium-term T2DM remission. Long-term observation is needed to fully assess whether introduced technical aspects of RYGB provide a durable effect of T2DM resolution.
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Ji X, Su M, Wang J, Deng G, Deng S, Li Z, Tang C, Li J, Li J, Zhao L, Jiang H, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hetero-aromatic moieties substituted pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:111-22. [PMID: 24531224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hetero-aromatic moieties substituted α-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized based on structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile inhibitors. All compounds demonstrated good dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.004-113.6 μM). Moreover, compounds 6h (IC50 = 0.004 μM) and 6n (IC50 = 0.01 μM) showed excellent inhibitory activities against DPP4, good selectivity (compound 6h, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 450.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 375.0; compound 6n, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 470.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 750.0) and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance test in ICR mice. Furthermore, compounds 6h and 6n demonstrated moderate PK properties (compound 6h, F% = 37.8%, t1/2 = 1.45 h; compound 6n, F% = 16.8%, t1/2 = 3.64 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mingbo Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; East China of Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sisi Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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González-Abuín N, Martínez-Micaelo N, Blay M, Green BD, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Grape-seed procyanidins modulate cellular membrane potential and nutrient-induced GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C485-92. [PMID: 24371039 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grape-seed procyanidin extracts (GSPE) modulate glucose homeostasis, and it was suggested that GSPE may achieve this by enhancing the secretion of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine in detail the effects of GSPE on intestinal endocrine cells (STC-1). GSPE was found to modulate plasma membrane potential in enteroendocrine cells, inducing depolarization at low concentrations (0.05 mg/l) and hyperpolarization at high concentrations (50 mg/l), and surprisingly this was also accompanied by suppressed GLP-1 secretion. Furthermore, how GSPE affects STC-1 cells under nutrient-stimulated conditions (i.e., glucose, linoleic acid, and l-proline) was also explored, and we found that the higher GSPE concentration was effective in limiting membrane depolarization and reducing GLP-1 secretion. Next, it was also examined whether GSPE affected mitochondrial membrane potential, and it was found that this too is altered by GSPE; however, this does not appear to explain the observed effects on plasma membrane potential and GLP-1 secretion. In conclusion, our results show that grape-seed procyanidins modulate cellular membrane potential and nutrient-induced enteroendocrine hormone secretion in STC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi González-Abuín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; and
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Description and application of a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) radioimmunoassay. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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