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GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms in outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with cisplatin chemoradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9312. [PMID: 31249357 PMCID: PMC6597539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) combined with radiotherapy (RT) is employed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with variable toxicities and clinical response. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) participate in CDDP excretion from cells, and genes encoding GSTs, GSTM1, GSTT1and GSTP1, are polymorphic in humans. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the roles of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms in outcomes of HNSCC patients treated with CDDP chemoradiation. Ninety patients were genotyped by multiplex PCR. Urinary CDDP measurements were performed by HPLC. Treatment side effects and response were analysed by conventional criteria. Patients with GSTT1 genes showed 7.23- and 5.37-fold higher likelihood of presenting vomiting and ototoxicity, lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and lower elimination of CDDP in urine relative to patients with deleted genes. Patients harbouring the GSTP1 IleVal or ValVal genotypes showed 4.28-fold higher likelihood of presenting grade 2 or 3 vomiting and lower GFR with treatment than those harbouring the IleIle genotype. In multivariate Cox analysis, patients with the GSTP1 105ValVal genotype had 3.87 more chance of presenting disease progression than those with the IleIle or IleVal genotype (p < 0.01). Our findings provide preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities in CDDP metabolism, related to GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms, alter outcomes of HNSCC patients treated with CDDP and RT.
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Biomarker MicroRNAs for Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified Based on Gene Expression Data and MicroRNA-mRNA Network Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9803018. [PMID: 29098014 PMCID: PMC5623795 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9803018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors with high mortality rate worldwide. Biomarker discovery is critical for early diagnosis and precision treatment of this disease. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules which often regulate essential biological processes and are good candidates for biomarkers. By integrative analysis of both the cancer-associated gene expression data and microRNA-mRNA network, miR-148b-3p, miR-629-3p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-142-3p were screened as novel diagnostic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma based on their unique regulatory abilities in the network structure of the conditional microRNA-mRNA network and their important functions. These findings were confirmed by literature verification and functional enrichment analysis. Future experimental validation is expected for the further investigation of their molecular mechanisms.
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Carron J, Lopes-Aguiar L, Costa EFD, Nogueira GAS, Lima TRP, Pincinato EC, Visacri MB, Quintanilha JCF, Moriel P, Lourenço GJ, Lima CSP. GSTP1c.313A>G,XPDc.934G>A,XPFc.2505T>C andCASP9c.-1339A>G Polymorphisms and Severity of Vomiting in Head and Neck Cancer Patients treated with Cisplatin Chemoradiation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:520-525. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carron
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Tathiane Regine Penna Lima
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eder Carvalho Pincinato
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics; University of Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Lopes-Aguiar L, Costa EFD, Nogueira GAS, Lima TRP, Visacri MB, Pincinato EC, Calonga L, Mariano FV, de Almeida Milani Altemani AM, Altemani JMC, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Ribeiro Alves MAVF, Moriel P, Ramos CD, Chone CT, Lima CSP. XPD c.934G>A polymorphism of nucleotide excision repair pathway in outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with cisplatin chemoradiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16190-16201. [PMID: 26918827 PMCID: PMC5369956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations of XPC c.2815A>C, XPD c.934G>A and c.2251A>C, XPF c.2505T>C and ERCC1 c.354C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nucleotide excision repair pathway in outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with cisplatin (CDDP) chemoradiation. Patients with XPC c.2815AC or CC and XPD c.934GA or AA genotypes had 0.20 and 0.38 less chances of presenting moderate/severe ototoxicity and nausea, respectively. Patients with XPD c.934AA and c.2251AC or CC genotypes had 8.64, 12.29 and 3.55 more chances of achieving complete response (CR), consistent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively. AA haplotype of XPD and ACT haplotype of XPD and ERCC1 SNPs were associated with 9.30 and 3.41 more chances of achieving CR and consistent nephrotoxicity, respectively. At 24 months of follow-up, patients with XPD c.934AA genotype presented lower progression-free survival and overall survival in Kaplan-Meier estimates, and differences between groups remained the same in univariate Cox analysis. Patients with XPD c.934AA genotype had 2.13 and 2.04 more risks of presenting tumor progression and death than others in multivariate Cox analysis. Our data present preliminary evidence that XPC c.2815A>C, XPD c.934G>A and c.2251A>C, and ERCC1 c.354C>T SNPs alter outcome of HNSCC patients treated with CDDP chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tathiane Regine Penna Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Berlofa Visacri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eder Carvalho Pincinato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Calonga
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrícia Moriel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takahiro Chone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nogueira GAS, Lourenço GJ, Oliveira CBM, Marson FAL, Lopes-Aguiar L, Costa EFD, Lima TRP, Liutti VT, Leal F, Santos VCA, Rinck-Junior JA, Lima CSP. Association between genetic polymorphisms in DNA mismatch repair-related genes with risk and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:810-8. [PMID: 25598504 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the influence of MLH1 c.-93G>A, MSH2 c.211 + 9C>G, MSH3 c.3133G>A and EXO1 c.1765G>A polymorphisms, involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), on head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk and prognosis. Aiming to identify genotypes, DNA from 450 HNSCC patients and 450 controls was analyzed by PCR-RFLP or real time PCR. MSH2 GG plus MSH3 GG (31.7% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.003) genotypes were higher in laryngeal SCC (LSCC) patients than in controls. Carriers of the respective combined genotype were under a 3.69 (95% CI: 1.54-8.81)-fold increased risk of LSCC. Interactions of tobacco and tobacco plus all the above-mentioned polymorphisms on HNSCC and LSCC risk were also evident in study (p = 0.001). At 60 months of follow-up, relapse-free survival (RFS) was shorter in patients with EXO1 GG genotype (54.8% vs. 61.1%, p = 0.03) and overall survival (OS) was shorter in patients with MSH3 GG genotype (42.8% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.02) compared to those with other genotypes, respectively. After multivariate Cox analysis, patients with EXO1 GG and MSH3 GG genotypes had worst RFS (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03-2.20, p = 0.03) and OS (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.19-2.13, P = 0.002) than those with the remaining genotypes, respectively. Our data present, for the first time, evidence that inherited MLH1 c.-93G>A, MSH2 c.211 + 9C>G, MSH3 c.3133G>A, and EXO1 c.1765G>A abnormalities of DNA MMR pathway are important determinants of HNSCC, particularly among smokers, and predictors of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tathiane Regine Penna Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Teixeira Liutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Leal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Castro Antunes Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Rinck-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen J, Zhou J, Lu J, Xiong H, Shi X, Gong L. Significance of CD44 expression in head and neck cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24410905 PMCID: PMC3893437 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 has been reported to be involved with tumor growth and metastasis and has also been implicated as a CSC marker in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). However, the prognostic value of CD44 still remains controversial; hence, we investigated the correlation between CD44 and the clinicopathological features of HNSCC by meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, ISI web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to April 2013. Only studies with immunohistochemical staining of HNSCC were considered. Data on TNM classification, tumor grade, disease free survival and 3- or 5-year overall survival rate were extracted. RESULTS Thirty studies with 2102 patients met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies used anti-pan-CD44 antibody, 9 used anti-CD44-v6 antibody, 2 used anti-CD44-v3 and 2 used anti-CD44s antibody, 1 used anti-CD44-v9, and 1 used anti-CD44-v6,-v3 and -v4-5 simultaneously. The total percentage of CD44 expression was 57.8%, with 49.3% in oral cancer patients, 66.4% in pharynx and 54.7% in larynx cancer patients expressing CD44. No significant correlation between clinical features and CD44 expression was revealed for oral cancer patients, but CD44 was shown to be associated with advanced T categories (larynx: RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.76; larynx & pharynx RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.35), worse N categories (larynx: RR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.99-3.21; larynx & pharynx RR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.35-2.82), higher tumor grades (larynx & pharynx RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.04-2.79) and 5-year OS rates (larynx: RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.83; larynx & pharynx RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.94) in patients with laryngeal and pharyngolaryngeal cancer. In stratified analysis, pan-CD44 and CD44-v6 expression were both correlated with 5-year OS rate of patients with laryngeal (CD44: RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95; CD44-v6 RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.77) and pharyngolaryngeal cancer (CD44: RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.93; CD44-v6 RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37-0.77). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggested that CD44 is related to worse T category, N category, tumor grade and prognosis, in pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, but no clear association was revealed between CD44 expression and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Jianding Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Xueli Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, College, Cixi 315300, China
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Rajarajan A, Stokes A, Bloor BK, Ceder R, Desai H, Grafström RC, Odell EW. CD44 expression in oro-pharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28776. [PMID: 22242150 PMCID: PMC3252301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of CD44, a transmembrane hyaluronan-binding glycoprotein, is variably considered to have prognostic significance for different cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although unclear at present, tissue-specific expression of particular isoforms of CD44 might underlie the different outcomes in currently available studies. We mined public transcriptomics databases for gene expression data on CD44, and analyzed normal, immortalized and tumour-derived human cell lines for splice variants of CD44 at both the transcript and protein levels. Bioinformatics readouts, from a total of more than 15,000 analyses, implied an increased CD44 expression in head and neck cancer, including increased expression levels relative to many normal and tumor tissue types. Also, meta-analysis of over 260 cell lines and over 4,000 tissue specimens of diverse origins indicated lower CD44 expression levels in cell lines compared to tissue. With minor exceptions, reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction identified expression of the four main isoforms of CD44 in normal oral keratinocytes, transformed lines termed DT and HaCaT, and a series of paired primary and metastasis-derived cell lines from oral or pharyngeal carcinomas termed HN4/HN12, HN22/HN8 and HN30/HN31. Immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometric assessments all confirmed the isoform expression pattern at the protein level. Overall, bioinformatic processing of large numbers of global gene expression analyses demonstrated elevated CD44 expression in head and neck cancer relative to other cancer types, and that the application of standard cell culture protocols might decrease CD44 expression. Additionally, the results show that the many variant CD44 exons are not fundamentally deregulated in a diverse range of cultured normal and transformed keratinocyte lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Rajarajan
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Stokes
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Balvinder K. Bloor
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Ceder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hemini Desai
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland C. Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland
| | - Edward W. Odell
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Oral Pathology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lourenço GJ, Silva EFSN, Rinck-Junior JA, Chone CT, Lima CSP. CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, tobacco and alcohol status and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:1209-15. [PMID: 21870186 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the influence of the CYP1A1 A4889G and T6235C, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, involved in carcinogen metabolism, on the head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk. DNA from 142 HNSCC patients and 142 controls was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex-PCR for the polymorphisms analyses. Excesses of the CYP1A1 4889AG+GG and 4889AG+GG plus GSTT1 null genotype were seen in patients with heavy tobacco habit compared with controls (41.9% versus 26.8%, P = 0.03; 26.2% versus 10.3%, P = 0.04, respectively). Carriers of the referred genotypes and heavy tobacco consumption were under a 2.0-fold and 2.8-fold increased risks for HNSCC than others, respectively. The CYP1A1 6235TC+CC plus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were more common in pharyngeal SCC patients than in controls (5.3% versus 0.7%, P = 0.04). Carriers of the combined genotype had 16.0-fold increased risk for the disease than others. The frequency of one null genotype of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene was higher in patients with pharyngeal SCC and heavy smoking status than in controls (76.3% versus 57.7%, P = 0.04). Carriers of the referred genotype and heavy tobacco status had a 2.4-fold increased risk for pharyngeal SCC than others. In contrast, the CYP1A1 6235TC+CC genotype was more common in controls than in laryngeal SCC patients (35.9% versus 21.6%, P = 0.01). Carriers of the genotype had a 0.2-fold decreased risk for the disease than others. Our data present preliminary evidence that inherited combined CYP1A1 A4889G and T6235C abnormalities and GSTM1 and GSTT1 pathways are important determinants of HNSCC, particularly pharyngeal SCC in heavy smoking individuals from south-eastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen Q, Lipkina G, Song Q, Kramer RH. Promoter methylation regulates cadherin switching in squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:850-6. [PMID: 14985090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that modulate the epithelial phenotype and regulate tumor invasion. To identify the role of promoter methylation in regulating E-cadherin expression and in the "switching" of cadherins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we studied 14 cell lines for cadherin expression. Immunoblotting revealed that only two (HOC-313 and HA-376) showed strong up-regulation of N-cadherin, and neither expressed E-cadherin. These results were confirmed by PCR. Furthermore, analysis of genomic DNA showed that the lack of E-cadherin expression in the two cell lines was not due to gene deletion. In both cell lines, methylation-specific PCR indicated extensive methylation of the 5' CpG island in the E-cadherin promoter. After treatment with a DNA methylation inhibitor (5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine), both immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining showed that HA-376 cells newly expressed E-cadherin with a parallel decrease in their N-cadherin expression. Multiplex RT-PCR demonstrated that the down-regulation of N-cadherin mRNA was coordinately regulated with E-cadherin expression. Thus, methylation of the 5' CpG island in the E-cadherin promoter induces reciprocal expression of E- and N-cadherins in oral SCC by an unknown mechanism that appears to be mediated at the level of N-cadherin gene expression. These events may play an important role in the regulation of tumor cell mobility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Chen
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Department of Stomatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
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Fonseca I, Pereira T, Rosa-Santos J, Soares J. Expression of CD44 isoforms in squamous cell carcinoma of the border of the tongue: A correlation with histological grade, pattern of stromal invasion, and cell differentiation. J Surg Oncol 2001; 76:115-20. [PMID: 11223837 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9098(200102)76:2<115::aid-jso1021>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a frequent disease with reserved prognosis, where the routinely evaluated morphological features lack a major correlation with prognosis. In order to assess the potential value of the immunoexpression of CD44 isoforms v3, v4-5, and v6, we studied it in a series of 56 consecutive cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the border of the tongue. METHODS All the histological (World Health Organization grade, Bryne score, degree of keratinization, and pattern of stromal invasion) and immunohistochemistry (using monoclonal antibodies to CD44v) results were exclusively assessed at the deep invasion front of the neoplasms. Downregulation of CD44v was defined by focal or irregular staining of < 10% of the cells at the deep invasive front. RESULTS There was downregulation of CD44v3 in 37.5% of the cases, CD44v4-5 in 67.9%, and CD44v6 in 33.9%, occurring mostly in cases with low Bryne scores and graded as well-differentiated according to the WHO classification. Downregulation of CD44v was found to correlate with cell differentiation, tumor grade, and the pattern of neoplastic invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in the present series point to the consideration that CD44v pattern and intensity of immunoexpression in the deep invasive front of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue are mostly related to tumor grade, the features of stromal invasion, and to the presence of cervical lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fonseca
- Departamento de Patologia Morfológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, Lisboã, Portugal.
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