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Li X, Jin Z, Bai Y, Svensson B. Progress in cyclodextrins as important molecules regulating catalytic processes of glycoside hydrolases. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108326. [PMID: 38382582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are important starch derivatives and commonly comprise α-, β-, and γ-CDs. Their hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic inner cavity enable regulation of enzyme catalysis through direct or indirect interactions. Clarifying interactions between CDs and enzyme is of great value for enzyme screening, mechanism exploration, regulation of catalysis, and applications. We summarize the interactions between CDs and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) according to two aspects: 1) CD as products, substrates, inhibitors and activators of enzymes, directly affecting the reaction process; 2) CDs indirectly affecting the enzymatic reaction by solubilizing substrates, relieving substrate/product inhibition, increasing recombinant enzyme production and storage stability, isolating and purifying enzymes, and serving as ligands in crystal structure to identify functional amino acid residues. Additionally, CD enzyme mimetics are developed and used as catalysts in traditional artificial enzymes as well as nanozymes, making the application of CDs no longer limited to GHs. This review concerns the regulation of GHs catalysis by CDs, and gives insights into research on interactions between enzymes and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Iqbal H, Ilyas K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Hussain A, Iqbal J. Real-time fluorescent monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8837-8870. [PMID: 38495994 PMCID: PMC10941266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate landscape of advanced fluorescent probes crafted for the detection and real-time monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Employing state-of-the-art technologies, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and solid-state luminescence enhancement, this article unfolds a multifaceted approach to unraveling the dynamics of enzymatic processes within living systems. This encompassing study involves the development and application of a diverse range of fluorescent probes, each intricately designed with tailored mechanisms to heighten sensitivity, providing dynamic insights into phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding the role of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in these pathophysiological processes, is essential for both medical research and clinical practice. This knowledge can guide the development of approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat a broad spectrum of diseases and conditions. This adaptability underscores their potential clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. Noteworthy are the trifunctional fluorogenic probes, uniquely designed not only for fluorescence-based cellular imaging but also for the isolation of cellular glycosidases. This innovative feature opens novel avenues for comprehensive studies in enzyme biology, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions. The research accentuates the selectivity and specificity of the probes, showcasing their proficiency in distinguishing various enzymes and their isoforms. The sophisticated design and successful deployment of these fluorescent probes mark significant advancements in enzymology, providing powerful tools for both researchers and clinicians. Beyond their immediate applications, these probes offer illuminating insights into disease mechanisms, facilitating early detection, and catalyzing the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This work represents a substantial leap forward in the field, promising transformative implications for understanding and addressing complex biological processes. In essence, this research heralds a new era in the development of fluorescent probes, presenting a comprehensive and innovative approach that not only expands the understanding of cellular enzyme activities but also holds great promise for practical applications in clinical settings and therapeutic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ilyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22044 Pakistan
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3
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Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Anderson SD, Cheallaigh AN, Staniland J, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300625. [PMID: 37830893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long-chain alcohol by-product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon D Anderson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jessica Staniland
- Croda Europe Ltd., Croda Europe Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith, Goole, DN14 9AA, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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4
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Wang F, Wang H, Kang K, Zhang X, Fraser K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. β-Glucosidase on clay minerals: Structure and function in the synthesis of octyl glucoside. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128386. [PMID: 38008140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is a biological macromolecule that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various glycosides and oligosaccharides. It may also be used to catalyze the synthesis of glycosides under suitable conditions. Carrier-bound β-glucosidase can enhance the enzymatic activity in the synthesis of glycosides in organic solvent solutions, although the molecular mechanism regulating activity is yet unknown. This study investigated the impact of utilizing montmorillonite (Mmt), attapulgite (Attp), and kaolinite (Kao) as carriers on the activity of β-glucosidase from Prunus dulcis (PdBg). When Attp was used as carriers, the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations found the distance between pNPG and the active site residues E183 and E387 was minimally impacted by the adsorptions, hence PdBg maintained about 81.3 ± 0.89 % of its native activity. Out of the three clay minerals, the relative activity of PdBg loaded on Mmt was the lowest because of the highest electrostatic energy. The substrate channel of PdBg on Kao is directed towards the surface, limiting the accessibility of substrates. Secondary structure and conformation studies revealed that the conformational stability of PdBg in solvent solutions was enhanced by coupling to Attp. Unlike dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tert-butanol (t-BA) did not penetrate into the active site of PdBg interfering with its binding to the substrate. The maximum yield of n-octyl-β-glucoside (OGP) synthesis catalyzed by Attp-immobilized PdBg reached 48.3 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Haohao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Kang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Keith Fraser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Guo Y, Ma W, Song M, Wang W, Yin B, Gu R. Increase in Lactulose Content in a Hot-Alkaline-Based System through Fermentation with a Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Followed by the β-Galactosidase Catalysis Process. Foods 2023; 12:4317. [PMID: 38231767 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation and β-galactosidase catalysis methods were combined to increase the lactulose concentration and reduce the galactose and lactose content in a hot-alkaline-based system. The optimal conditions for chemical isomerization were 70 °C for 50 min for lactulose production, in which the concentration of lactulose was 31.3 ± 1.2%. Then, the selection and identification of LAB, which can utilize lactose and cannot affect lactulose content, were determined from 451 strains in the laboratory. It was found that Lactobacillus salivarius TM-2-8 had weak lactulose utilization and more robust lactose utilization. Lactobacillus rhamnosus grx.21 was weak in terms of lactulose utilization and strong in terms of galactose utilization. These two strains fermented the chemical isomerization system of lactulose to reduce the content of lactose and galactose. The results showed that the lactose concentration was 48.96 ± 2.92 g/L and the lactulose concentration was 59.73 ± 1. 8 g/L for fermentation lasting 18 h. The β-galactosidase was used to increase the content of lactulose in the fermented system at this time. The highest concentration of 74.89 ± 1.68 g/L lactulose was obtained at an enzymatic concentration of 3 U/mL and catalyzed at 50 °C for 3 h by β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Dairy Biotechnology Engineering Research Center, Kang Yuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wenlong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Manxi Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wenqiong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Boxing Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Dairy Biotechnology Engineering Research Center, Kang Yuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Cao W, Watanabe R, Ishii Y, Kirimura K. Enzymatic and selective production of alkyl α-d-glucopyranosides by the α-glucosyl transfer enzyme derived from Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:347-352. [PMID: 37748981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Several alkyl glucosides exhibit various bioactivities. 1-Octyl β-d-glucopyranoside produced by organic synthesis is used as a nonionic surfactant. However, no convenient method has been developed for the selective production of alkyl α-glucosides (α-AGs), such as 1-octyl α-d-glucopyranoside (α-OG). Therefore, we developed a simple method for selective production of α-AGs using the glucosyl transfer enzyme XgtA, (E.C. 3.2.1.20), derived from Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. When 0.80 M alkyl alcohol and 2.5 units XgtA were incubated in 2.0 mL of 30 mM HEPES-NaOH buffer (pH 8.0) containing 1.2 M maltose at 45 °C, a specific α-AG corresponding to each alkyl alcohol (C2-C10) was detected. Under the standard conditions, we examined the selective production of α-OG from 1-octanol and maltose using XgtA. The reaction product was isolated and identified as α-OG via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy analyses. No other glucosylated products, such as maltotriose, were detected in the reaction mixture. Under the standard conditions at 45 °C for 96 h, 243 mM α-OG (71 g/L) was produced in one batch production. Moreover, the addition of glucose isomerase to the reaction mixture decreased the concentration of glucose released via the reaction and increased the amount of α-OG produced; 359 mM α-OG (105 g/L) was maximally produced at 96 h. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the selective production of α-AGs using a simple enzymatic reaction, and XgtA has the potential to selectively produce various α-AGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Risa Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Kirimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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7
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Chin SY, Shahruddin S, Chua GK, Samsudin NA, Mudalip SKA, Ghazali NFS, Jemaat Z, Salleh SF, Said FM, Nadir N, Ismail NL, Ng SH. Toward Sustainable Production of Sugar-Based Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant─A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis Route and Downstream Processing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sim Yee Chin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Sara Shahruddin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Gek Kee Chua
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Samsudin
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Noor Fadhila Syahida Ghazali
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Zulkifly Jemaat
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatihah Salleh
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur Malaysia
| | - Najiah Nadir
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Ismail
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Su Han Ng
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 and 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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8
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Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Estimation of selectivities in transglycosylation systems with multiple transglycosylation products. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Wang M, Wang L, Lyu X, Hua X, Goddard JM, Yang R. Lactulose production from lactose isomerization by chemo-catalysts and enzymes: Current status and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108021. [PMID: 35901861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactulose, a semisynthetic nondigestive disaccharide with versatile applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, has received increasing interest due to its significant health-promoting effects. Currently, industrial lactulose production is exclusively carried out by chemical isomerization of lactose via the Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein (LA) rearrangement, and much work has been directed toward improving the conversion efficiency in terms of lactulose yield and purity by using new chemo-catalysts and integrated catalytic-purification systems. Lactulose can also be produced by an enzymatic route offering a potentially greener alternative to chemo-catalysis with fewer side products. Compared to the controlled trans-galactosylation by β-galactosidase, directed isomerization of lactose with high isomerization efficiency catalyzed by the most efficient lactulose-producing enzyme, cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE), has gained much attention in recent decades. To further facilitate the industrial translation of CE-based lactulose biotransformation, numerous studies have been reported on improving biocatalytic performance through enzyme mediated molecular modification. This review summarizes recent developments in the chemical and enzymatic production of lactulose. Related catalytic mechanisms are also highlighted and described in detail. Emerging techniques that aimed at advancing lactulose production, such as the boronate affinity-based technique and molecular biological techniques, are reviewed. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities in lactulose production and purification are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
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Ishibashi Y. Functions and applications of glycolipid-hydrolyzing microbial glycosidases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:974-984. [PMID: 35675217 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are important components of cell membranes in several organisms. The major glycolipids in mammals are glycosphingolipids (GSLs), which are composed of ceramides. In mammals, GSLs are degraded stepwise from the non-reducing end of the oligosaccharides via exo-type glycosidases. However, endoglycoceramidase (EGCase), an endo-type glycosidase found in actinomycetes, is a unique enzyme that directly acts on the glycosidic linkage between oligosaccharides and ceramides to generate intact oligosaccharides and ceramides. Three molecular species of EGCase, namely EGCase I, EGCase II, and endogalactosylceramidase, have been identified based on their substrate specificity. EGCrP1 and EGCrP2, which are homologs of EGCase in pathogenic fungi, were identified as the first fungal glucosylceramide- and sterylglucoside-hydrolyzing glycosidases, respectively. These enzymes are promising targets for antifungal drugs against pathogenic fungi. This review describes the functions and properties of these microbial glycolipid-degrading enzymes, the molecular basis of their differential substrate specificity, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Kirimura K, Cao W, Onda Y, Yoshioka I, Ishii Y. Selective and high-yield production of ethyl α-d-glucopyranoside by the α-glucosyl transfer enzyme of Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701 and glucose isomerase. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:220-225. [PMID: 35864059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl α-d-glucopyranoside (α-EG) is detected in sake (Japanese rice wine), that has moisturizing and skin conditioning effects. The production of α-EG by fermentation or enzymatic synthesis to date generates unwanted by-products such as maltooligosaccharides and/or organic acids. In this study, we employed a reaction involving selective α-glucosylation of ethanol by the α-glucosyl transfer enzyme (XgtA) of Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. Under standard conditions, when 0.80 M ethanol and 1.2 M maltose were used as substrates with XgtA (2.5 units) and incubated in 30 mM HEPES-NaOH buffer (pH 8.0) at 45°C, only one form of ethyl glucopyranoside was selectively obtained as a product. The isolated product was identified as ethyl α-d-glucopyranoside by 1H NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and NOESY analyses. In the reaction mixture, other glucosylated products such as maltotriose and ethylmaltoside were not detected. Under optimum conditions, 180 mM (37.5 g/L) α-EG was produced in one batch production for 80 h. Further, the reaction rate of α-EG production decreased with an increase in glucose, especially more than 500 mM. In contrast, the addition of glucose isomerase decreased the concentration of glucose and was useful for maintaining a glucose concentration of less than 500 mM in the reaction mixture. Thus, owing to the enzymatic reaction with XgtA and glucose isomerase, as much as 260 mM (54.1 g/L) α-EG was produced in one batch production for 100 h. Altogether, this study reports the highest concentration of α-EG produced by enzymatic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Kirimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Onda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Isato Yoshioka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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12
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A Comparison of the Transglycosylation Capacity between the Guar GH27 Aga27A and Bacteroides GH36 BoGal36A α-Galactosidases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The transglycosylation behavior and capacity of two clan GH-D α-galactosidases, BoGal36A from the gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus and Aga27A from the guar plant, was investigated and compared. The enzymes were screened for the ability to use para-nitrophenyl-α-galactoside (pNP-Gal), raffinose and locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannan as glycosyl donors with the glycosyl acceptors methanol, propanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol and glycerol using mass spectrometry. Aga27A was, in general, more stable in the presence of the acceptors. HPLC analysis was developed and used as a second screening method for reactions using raffinose or LBG as a donor substrate with methanol, propanol and glycerol as acceptors. Time-resolved reactions were set up with raffinose and methanol as the donor and acceptor, respectively, in order to develop an insight into the basic transglycosylation properties, including the ratio between the rate of transglycosylation (methyl galactoside synthesis) and rate of hydrolysis. BoGal36A had a somewhat higher ratio (0.99 compared to 0.71 for Aga27A) at early time points but was indicated to be more prone to secondary (product) hydrolysis in prolonged incubations. The methyl galactoside yield was higher when using raffinose (48% for BoGal36A and 38% for Aga27A) compared to LBG (27% for BoGal36A and 30% for Aga27A).
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13
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Enzymatic transglycosylation by the Ping Pong bi bi mechanism: Selectivity for transglycosylation versus primary and secondary hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Transglycosylation by β-mannanase TrMan5A variants and enzyme synergy for synthesis of allyl glycosides from galactomannan. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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González-Alfonso JL, Poveda A, Arribas M, Hirose Y, Fernández-Lobato M, Olmo Ballesteros A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Plou FJ. Polyglucosylation of Rutin Catalyzed by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from Geobacillus sp.: Optimization and Chemical Characterization of Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance, BRTA, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
| | - Miguel Arribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance, BRTA, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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de Albuquerque TL, de Sousa M, Gomes E Silva NC, Girão Neto CAC, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:881-898. [PMID: 34571129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality. Particular attention was given to the discussion of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and galactosylation reactions, which are commonly mediated by this enzyme. In addition, the products generated from these processes were highlighted. Finally, biocatalyst improvement techniques are also discussed, such as enzyme immobilization and protein engineering. On these topics, the most recent immobilization strategies are presented, emphasizing processes that not only allow the recovery of the biocatalyst but also deliver enzymes that show better resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, and inhibitors. In addition, genetic engineering techniques to improve the catalytic properties of the β-galactosidases were reported. This review gathers information to allow the development of biocatalysts based on the β-galactosidase enzyme from K. lactis, aiming to improve existing bioprocesses or develop new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marylane de Sousa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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17
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Delavault A, Grüninger J, Kapp D, Hollenbach R, Rudat J, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides by
β
‐Glucosidases in a 2‐in‐1 Deep Eutectic Solvent System. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Delavault
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jens Grüninger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Daniel Kapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Rebecca Hollenbach
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jens Rudat
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) BLT 2: Technical Biology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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18
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Muñoz K, Ahumada D, Arenas F, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Vera C. Effect of product partition on the synthesis of butyl-β-D-galactoside from Aspergillus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125697. [PMID: 34358984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of donor substrate and products partitioning on the performance of butyl-β-galactoside synthesis with Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase was studied. Firstly, the partition coefficient of the donor substrate (lactose) and the reaction products (glucose, galactose and butyl-β-galactoside) were determined in the aqueous and organic phases of the reaction medium. In the temperature range studied (30 to 50 °C), butyl β-galactoside was roughly 130 and 30-fold more soluble in the organic phase than lactose and the monosaccharides, respectively. Afterward, the effect of the 1-butanol/ aqueous phase ratio (α) on the reaction was evaluated in the range from 0.25 to 4. Results show that higher values of α reduce the incidence of secondary hydrolysis by favoring the extraction of butyl-β-galactoside into the organic phase where it is not hydrolyzed, leading to higher yields. Also, major interfacial properties for butyl-β-galactoside were determined at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muñoz
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Ahumada
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV). Av, Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV). Av, Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Kotik M, Javůrková H, Brodsky K, Pelantová H. Two fungal flavonoid-specific glucosidases/rutinosidases for rutin hydrolysis and rutinoside synthesis under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions. AMB Express 2021; 11:136. [PMID: 34661772 PMCID: PMC8523606 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosidases within GH5-23 cleave the glycosidic bond of β-glucosylated or rutinosylated flavonoids. Moreover, by virtue of their transglycosylation activity, glycoconjugates with glucosyl and rutinosyl moieties are accessible. Here we report the biochemical characterization and biotechnological assessment of two heterologously expressed members of GH5-23—McGlc from Mucor circinelloides and PcGlc from Penicillium chrysogenum. Both enzymes exhibited the highest hydrolytic activities with quercetin-3-β-O-glucopyranoside, whereas lower specificity constants were determined with the rutinosides narcissin, rutin and hesperidin. High stabilities against thermal, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced inactivation, a very limited secondary hydrolysis of the formed transglycosylation products, and no detectable product inhibition were additional features appropriate for biotechnological applications. The enzymes were compared in their efficiencies to hydrolyze rutin and to synthesize 2-phenylethyl rutinoside under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions using high rutin concentrations of 100 and 300 mM. Highest transglycosylation efficiencies were achieved with fully dissolved rutin in reaction mixtures containing 25% dimethyl sulfoxide. Molecular docking and multiple sequence alignments suggest that the hydrophobic environment of aromatic residues within the + 1 subsite of GH5-23 glycosidases is very important for the binding of flavonoid glucosides and rutinosides.
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20
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Wang J, Cao X, Chen W, Xu J, Wu B. Identification and Characterization of a Thermostable GH36 α-Galactosidase from Anoxybacillusvitaminiphilus WMF1 and Its Application in Synthesizing Isofloridoside by Reverse Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10778. [PMID: 34639118 PMCID: PMC8509150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An α-galactosidase-producing strain named Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus WMF1, which catalyzed the reverse hydrolysis of d-galactose and glycerol to produce isofloridoside, was isolated from soil. The α-galactosidase (galV) gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The galV was classified into the GH36 family with a molecular mass of 80 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of galV was pH 7.5 and 60 °C, respectively, and it was highly stable at alkaline pH (6.0-9.0) and temperature below 65 °C. The specificity for p-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyranoside was 70 U/mg, much higher than that for raffinose and stachyose. Among the metals and reagents tested, galV showed tolerance in the presence of various organic solvents. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme towards p-nitrophenyl α-d-galactopyranoside were obtained as Km (0.12 mM), Vmax (1.10 × 10-3 mM s-1), and Kcat/Km (763.92 mM-1 s-1). During the reaction of reverse hydrolysis, the enzyme exhibited high specificity towards the glycosyl donor galactose and acceptors glycerol, ethanol and ethylene glycol. Finally, the isofloridoside was synthesized using galactose as the donor and glycerol as the acceptor with a 26.6% conversion rate of galactose. This study indicated that galV might provide a potential enzyme source in producing isofloridoside because of its high thermal stability and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.W.); (X.C.); (W.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.W.); (X.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.W.); (X.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Jiangxi Road, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.W.); (X.C.); (W.C.)
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21
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Improvement of Fucosylated Oligosaccharides Synthesis by α-L-Fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima in Water-Organic Cosolvent Reaction System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3553-3569. [PMID: 34312785 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water activity (aw), pH, and temperature on transglycosylation activity of α-L-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima in the synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides were evaluated using different water-organic cosolvent reaction systems. The optimum conditions of transglycosylation reaction were the pH range between 7 and 10 and temperature 90-95 °C. The addition of organic cosolvent decreased α-L-fucosidase transglycosylation activity in the following order: acetone > dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) > acetonitrile (0.51 > 0.42 > 0.18 mM/h). However, the presence of DMSO and acetone enhanced enzyme-catalyzed transglycosylation over hydrolysis as demonstrated by the obtained transglycosylation/hydrolysis rate (rT/H) values of 1.21 and 1.43, respectively. The lowest rT/H was calculated for acetonitrile (0.59), though all cosolvents tested improved the transglycosylation rate in comparison to a control assay (0.39). Overall, the study allowed the production of fucosylated oligosaccharides in water-organic cosolvent reaction media using α-L-fucosidase from T. maritima as biocatalyst.
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22
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Mutlu VN, Yılmaz S. Synthesis of butyl glucoside over sulphated Zr-SBA-15 and tungstophosphoric acid incorporated SBA-15 catalysts. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Jocquel C, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R, Rémond C. An Integrated Enzymatic Approach to Produce Pentyl Xylosides and Glucose/Xylose Laurate Esters From Wheat Bran. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:647442. [PMID: 33898404 PMCID: PMC8058420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.647442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl glycosides and sugars esters are non-ionic surfactants of interest for various applications (cosmetics, food, detergency,…). In the present study, xylans and cellulose from wheat bran were enzymatically converted into pentyl xylosides and glucose and xylose laurate monoesters. Transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by the commercial enzymatic cocktail Cellic Ctec2 in the presence of pentanol led to the synthesis of pentyl β-D-xylosides from DP1 to 3 with an overall yield of 520 mg/g of xylans present in wheat bran. Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran with Cellic Ctec2 and subsequent acylation of the recovered D-glucose and D-xylose catalyzed by the commercial lipase N435 in the presence of lauric acid or methyl laurate produced one D-glucose laurate monoester and one D-xylose laurate monoester. An integrated approach combining transglycosylation and (trans)esterification reactions was successfully developed to produce both pentyl xylosides and D-glucose and D-xylose laurate esters from the same batch of wheat bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Jocquel
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Reims, France
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Reims, France
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24
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Suzuki T, Fukaya M, Takahashi K, Takeuchi M, Hara R, Ogawa J, Ueda M. Cloning and characterization of a recombinant α-glucosidase from Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388 and evaluation of its glucosyl transfer activity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Glycosyl hydrolase catalyzed glycosylation in unconventional media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9523-9534. [PMID: 33034701 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reversible hydrolytic property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) as well as their acceptance of aglycones other than water has provided the abilities of GHs in synthesizing glycosides. Together with desirable physiochemical properties of glycosides and their high commercial values, research interests have been aroused to investigate the synthetic other than the hydrolytic properties of GHs. On the other hand, just like the esterification processes catalyzed by lipases, GH synthetic effectiveness is strongly obstructed by water both thermodynamically and kinetically. Medium engineering by involving organic solvents can be a viable approach to alleviate the obstacles caused by water. However, as native hydrolyases function in water-enriched environments, most GHs display poor catalytic performance in the presence of organic solvents. Some GHs from thermophiles are more tolerant to organic solvents due to their robust folded structures with strong residue interactions. Other than native sources, immobilization, protein engineering, employment of surfactant, and lyophilization have been proved to enhance the GH stability from the native state, which opens up the possibilities for GHs to be employed in unconventional media as synthases. KEY POINTS: • Unconventional media enhance the synthetic ability but destabilize GHs. • Viable approaches are discussed to improve GH stability from the native state. • GHs robust in unconventional media can be valuable industrial synthases.
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26
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Andjelković U, Gudelj I, Klarić T, Hinneburg H, Vinković M, Wittine K, Dovezenski N, Vikić-Topić D, Lauc G, Vujčić Z, Josić D. Increased yield of enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of different N-glycoforms of yeast invertase. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:2626-2636. [PMID: 33026663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N-glycosylation. However, yeast N-glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N-glycan structures. A total natural crude mixture of invertase glycoforms (EINV) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subfractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on industrial monolithic supports to obtain different glycoforms (EINV1-EINV3). Separated glycoforms exhibited different stabilities in water-alcohol solutions that are in direct correlation with the amount of phosphate bound to N-glycans. Observed differences in stability of different invertase glycoforms were used to improve productivity of methyl β-d-fructofuranoside (MF) synthesis. The efficiency and yield of MF synthesis were improved more than 50% when the most stabile glycoform bearing the lowest amount of phosphorylated N-glycans is selected and utilized. These data underline the importance of analysis of glycan structures attached to glycoproteins, demonstrate different impact of N-glycans on the surface charge and enzyme stability in regard to particular reaction environment, and provide a platform for improvement of yield of industrial enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of glycoforms on monolithic supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Andjelković
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Klarić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hannes Hinneburg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Karlo Wittine
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nebojša Dovezenski
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dražen Vikić-Topić
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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27
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Thenchartanan P, Pitchayatanakorn P, Wattana-Amorn P, Ardá A, Svasti J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kongsaeree PT. Synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides via reverse hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by an engineered β-glucosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109591. [PMID: 32912700 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain alkyl glucosides, such as octyl and decyl β-d-glucopyranosides (OG and DG, respectively), are regarded as a new generation of biodegradable, non-ionic surfactants. Previously, the mutants of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre dalcochinase showed potential in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and alkyl glucosides. In this study, the N189F dalcochinase mutant gave the highest yields of OG and DG synthesis under reverse hydrolysis conditions. The optimized yield of OG (57.5 mol%) was obtained in the reactions containing 0.25 M glucose and 0.3 units of the N189 F mutant in buffer-saturated octanol at 30 °C. The identity of OG and DG products was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and NMR. Consistent with its capability for synthesis, the reactivation kinetics and ITC analysis revealed that the aglycone binding pocket of the N189F mutant was more favorable for long-chain alkyl alcohols than the wild-type dalcochinase, while their glycone binding pockets showed similar affinity for the glucosyl moiety. STD NMR revealed higher interactions at the aglycone sites than the glycone sites. Our results demonstrated a promising potential of the N189F dalcochinase mutant in the future commercial production of long-chain alkyl glucosides via reverse hydrolysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpanna Thenchartanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phiraya Pitchayatanakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE (Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences); Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE (Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences); Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Mª Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Prachumporn T Kongsaeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Karnišová Potocká E, Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. Transrutinosylation of tyrosol by flower buds of Sophora japonica. Food Chem 2020; 336:127674. [PMID: 32781353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dried flower buds of Japanese sophora (Sophora japonica) comprising rutinosidase activity were tested in rutinosylation of tyrosol via transglycosylation process from rutin. Optimal conditions for transrutinosylation of tyrosol were 49 mM rutin and 290 mM tyrosol, giving maximum conversion up to 66.4% and 24% yield of isolated and purified rutinoside. The rutinosylation proceeded exclusively on the primary hydroxyl of tyrosol, thus forming rhamnosylated derivative of salidroside. This strict regioselectivity differentiates the sophora biocatalyst from microbial rutinosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnišová Potocká
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mastihubová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Mastihuba
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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29
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Ahumada D, Arenas F, Martínez-Gómez F, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Vera C. Synthesis of Butyl-β-D-Galactoside in the Ternary System: Acetone/1-Butanol/Aqueous Solution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:859. [PMID: 32793582 PMCID: PMC7390968 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of short-tailed alkyl glucosides is generally carried out in an aqueous-organic biphasic reaction medium with a rather low fatty alcohol concentration in the aqueous phase (where the synthesis occurs). Thus, hydrolytic reactions have a significant impact on the synthesis performance. Given this background, the use of acetone as cosolvent was studied for the synthesis of butyl-β-galactoside with Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. The liquid-liquid equilibrium of the reaction mixture components (acetone/1-butanol/aqueous solution) was determined and the single- and two-phase regions were defined at 30, 40, and 50°C. It was observed that the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the ternary system acetone/1-butanol/water differs significantly from the one obtained using an aqueous solution (50 mM McIlvaine buffer pH 4.5; 5 g L-1) instead of water. This is mainly because of the salting-out effect of the buffer; nevertheless, the presence of lactose also altered the equilibrium. Having this in mind, the effects of temperature (30 and 50°C) and reaction mixture composition were assessed. Three general conditions were evaluated: single-phase ternary system (30% acetone), two-phase ternary system (10% acetone) and two-phase binary system (0% acetone). Acetone had a deleterious effect on enzyme stability at 50°C, leading to low reaction yields. However, no enzyme deactivation was detected at 30°C. Moreover, a reaction yield of 0.98 mol mol-1 was attained in the 30/50/20% (w/w) mixture of acetone/1-butanol/aqueous solution. This very high yield can be explained by the huge increase in the concentration of 1-butanol and the reduction of water activity. The synthesis was carried out using also the β-galactosidase immobilized in glyoxal-agarose and amino-glyoxal-agarose, and by aggregation and crosslinking. In the case of agarose-derived catalysts, two average particle diameters were assessed to evaluate the presence of internal mass transfer limitations. Best yield (0.88 mol mol-1) was obtained with glyoxal-agarose derivatives and the particle size had non-effect on yield. The chemical structure of butyl-β-galactoside was determined by NMR and FT-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ahumada
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Klimacek M, Sigg A, Nidetzky B. On the donor substrate dependence of group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes: Insight from kinetic analysis of sucrose phosphorylase-catalyzed transglycosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2933-2943. [PMID: 32573774 PMCID: PMC7540478 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes have considerable importance in biocatalytic synthesis and are exploited broadly in commercial-scale chemical production. Mechanistically, these reactions have in common the involvement of a covalent enzyme intermediate which is formed upon enzyme reaction with the donor substrate and is subsequently intercepted by a suitable acceptor. Here, we studied the glycosylation of glycerol from sucrose by sucrose phosphorylase (SucP) to clarify a peculiar, yet generally important characteristic of this reaction: partitioning between glycosylation of glycerol and hydrolysis depends on the type and the concentration of the donor substrate used (here: sucrose, α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (G1P)). We develop a kinetic framework to analyze the effect and provide evidence that, when G1P is used as donor substrate, hydrolysis occurs not only from the β-glucosyl-enzyme intermediate (E-Glc), but additionally from a noncovalent complex of E-Glc and substrate which unlike E-Glc is unreactive to glycerol. Depending on the relative rates of hydrolysis of free and substrate-bound E-Glc, inhibition (Leuconostoc mesenteroides SucP) or apparent activation (Bifidobacterium adolescentis SucP) is observed at high donor substrate concentration. At a G1P concentration that excludes the substrate-bound E-Glc, the transfer/hydrolysis ratio changes to a value consistent with reaction exclusively through E-Glc, independent of the donor substrate used. Collectively, these results give explanation for a kinetic behavior of SucP not previously accounted for, provide essential basis for design and optimization of the synthetic reaction, and establish a theoretical framework for the analysis of kinetically analogous group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Klimacek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Sigg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Graz, Austria
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31
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Thenchartanan P, Wattana-Amorn P, Svasti J, Kongsaeree PT. Improved synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides catalyzed by an engineered β-glucosidase in organic solvents and ionic liquids. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2379-2387. [PMID: 32654007 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize octyl β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) and decyl β-D-glucopyranoside (DG) in three non-aqueous reaction systems, namely organic solvents, ionic liquids and co-solvent mixtures, via reverse hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by the N189F dalcochinase mutant. RESULTS The highest yield of OG (67 mol%) was obtained in the reaction containing 0.5 M glucose, 3 unit ml-1 enzyme in 20% (v/v) octanol and 70% (v/v) [BMIm][PF6] at 30 °C. On the other hand, the highest yield of DG (64 mol%) was obtained in the reaction containing 0.5 M glucose, 3 unit ml-1 enzyme in 20% (v/v) decanol, 20% (v/v) acetone and 50% (v/v) [BMIm][PF6] at 30 °C. The identities of OG and DG products were confirmed by HRMS and NMR. CONCLUSION This is the first report of enzymatic synthesis of OG and DG via reverse hydrolysis reactions in ionic liquids and co-solvent mixtures. The N189F dalcochinase mutant and the non-aqueous reaction systems described here show great potential for future commercial production of long-chain alkyl glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpanna Thenchartanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prachumporn T Kongsaeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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32
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β-Galactosidases: A great tool for synthesizing galactose-containing carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Hoffmann M, Gau E, Braun S, Pich A, Elling L. Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-(β-Galactosyl)-ethyl Methacrylate by β-Galactosidase from Pyrococcus woesei and Application for Glycopolymer Synthesis and Lectin Studies. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:974-987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hoffmann
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gau
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Braun
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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34
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Hoffmann C, Grey C, Pinelo M, Woodley JM, Daugaard AE, Adlercreutz P. Improved Alkyl Glycoside Synthesis by trans‐Glycosylation through Tailored Microenvironments of Immobilized β‐Glucosidase. Chempluschem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads Building 229 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carl Grey
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology Lund University P.O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Manuel Pinelo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads Building 229 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads Building 229 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads Building 229 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology Lund University P.O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
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35
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Aburto C, Cordova A, Illanes A. Conventional and non-conventional applications of β-galactosidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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37
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Kaulpiboon J, Rudeekulthamrong P. Biosynthesis of methyl glucoside and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Xu L, Liu X, Li Y, Yin Z, Jin L, Lu L, Qu J, Xiao M. Enzymatic rhamnosylation of anticancer drugs by an α-L-rhamnosidase from Alternaria sp. L1 for cancer-targeting and enzyme-activated prodrug therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7997-8008. [PMID: 31414160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of rhamnosylated compounds has gained great importance since these compounds have potential therapeutic applications. The enzymatic approaches for glycosylation of bioactive molecules have been well developed; however, the enzymatic rhamnosylation has been largely hindered by lacking of the glycosyl donor for rhamnosyltransferases. Here, we employed an α-L-rhamnosidase from Alternaria sp. L1 (RhaL1) to perform one-step rhamnosylation of anticancer drugs, including 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUDR), cytosine arabinoside (Ara C), and hydroxyurea (Hydrea). The key synthesis conditions including substrate concentrations and reaction time were carefully optimized, and the maximum yields of each rhamnosylated drugs were 57.7 mmol for rhamnosylated Ara C, 68.6 mmol for rhamnosylated Hydrea, and 42.2 mmol for rhamnosylated FUDR. It is worth pointing out that these rhamnosylated drugs exhibit little cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, but could efficiently restore cytotoxic activity when incubated with exogenous α-L-rhamnosidase, suggesting their potential applications in the enzyme-activated prodrug system. To evaluate the cancer-targeting ability of rhamnose moiety, the rhamnose-conjugated fluorescence dye rhodamine B (Rha-RhB) was constructed. The fluorescence probe Rha-RhB displayed much higher cell affinity and cellular internalization rate of oral cancer cell KB and breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 than that of the normal epithelial cells MCF 10A, suggesting that the rhamnose moiety could mediate the specific internalization of rhamnosylated compounds into cancer cells, which greatly facilitated their applications for cancer-targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Yin
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Jin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Qu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Production and Surfactant Properties of Tert-Butyl α-d-Glucopyranosides Catalyzed by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While testing the ability of cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) to glucosylate a series of flavonoids in the presence of organic cosolvents, we found out that this enzyme was able to glycosylate a tertiary alcohol (tert-butyl alcohol). In particular, CGTases from Thermoanaerobacter sp. and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes EM1 gave rise to the appearance of at least two glycosylation products, which were characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as tert-butyl-α-D-glucoside (major product) and tert-butyl-α-D-maltoside (minor product). Using partially hydrolyzed starch as glucose donor, the yield of transglucosylation was approximately 44% (13 g/L of tert-butyl-α-D-glucoside and 4 g/L of tert-butyl-α-D-maltoside). The synthesized tert-butyl-α-D-glucoside exhibited the typical surfactant behavior (critical micellar concentration, 4.0–4.5 mM) and its properties compared well with those of the related octyl-α-D-glucoside. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of an enzymatic α-glucosylation of a tertiary alcohol.
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40
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Méndez-Líter JA, Tundidor I, Nieto-Domínguez M, de Toro BF, González Santana A, de Eugenio LI, Prieto A, Asensio JL, Cañada FJ, Sánchez C, Martínez MJ. Transglycosylation products generated by Talaromyces amestolkiae GH3 β-glucosidases: effect of hydroxytyrosol, vanillin and its glucosides on breast cancer cells. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:97. [PMID: 31151435 PMCID: PMC6544938 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transglycosylation represents one of the most promising approaches for obtaining novel glycosides, and plant phenols and polyphenols are emerging as one of the best targets for creating new molecules with enhanced capacities. These compounds can be found in diet and exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antitumor, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory, and the eco-friendly synthesis of glycosides from these molecules can be a suitable alternative for increasing their health benefits. Results Transglycosylation experiments were carried out using different GH3 β-glucosidases from the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae. After a first screening with a wide variety of potential transglycosylation acceptors, mono-glucosylated derivatives of hydroxytyrosol, vanillin alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and hydroquinone were detected. The reaction products were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Hydroxytyrosol and vanillyl alcohol were selected as the best options for transglycosylation optimization, with a final conversion yield of 13.8 and 19% of hydroxytyrosol and vanillin glucosides, respectively. NMR analysis confirmed the structures of these compounds. The evaluation of the biological effect of these glucosides using models of breast cancer cells, showed an enhancement in the anti-proliferative capacity of the vanillin derivative, and an improved safety profile of both glucosides. Conclusions GH3 β-glucosidases from T. amestolkiae expressed in P. pastoris were able to transglycosylate a wide variety of acceptors. Between them, phenolic molecules like hydroxytyrosol, vanillin alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and hydroquinone were the most suitable for its interesting biological properties. The glycosides of hydroxytyrosol and vanillin were tested, and they improved the biological activities of the original aglycons on breast cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1147-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Méndez-Líter
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Tundidor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés González Santana
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition Group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Isabel de Eugenio
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition Group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Zeuner B, Teze D, Muschiol J, Meyer AS. Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Protein Engineering Strategies for Improved Enzymatic Transglycosylation. Molecules 2019; 24:E2033. [PMID: 31141914 PMCID: PMC6600218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) signify a unique group of oligosaccharides in breast milk, which is of major importance for infant health and development. The functional benefits of HMOs create an enormous impetus for biosynthetic production of HMOs for use as additives in infant formula and other products. HMO molecules can be synthesized chemically, via fermentation, and by enzymatic synthesis. This treatise discusses these different techniques, with particular focus on harnessing enzymes for controlled enzymatic synthesis of HMO molecules. In order to foster precise and high-yield enzymatic synthesis, several novel protein engineering approaches have been reported, mainly concerning changing glycoside hydrolases to catalyze relevant transglycosylations. The protein engineering strategies for these enzymes range from rationally modifying specific catalytic residues, over targeted subsite -1 mutations, to unique and novel transplantations of designed peptide sequences near the active site, so-called loop engineering. These strategies have proven useful to foster enhanced transglycosylation to promote different types of HMO synthesis reactions. The rationale of subsite -1 modification, acceptor binding site matching, and loop engineering, including changes that may alter the spatial arrangement of water in the enzyme active site region, may prove useful for novel enzyme-catalyzed carbohydrate design in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Zeuner
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - David Teze
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jan Muschiol
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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42
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Wang F, Huang D, Ma Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Preparation of salidroside with n-butyl β-D-glucoside as the glycone donor via a two-step enzymatic synthesis catalyzed by immobilized β-glucosidase from bitter almonds. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1549236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dengfa Huang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Porciúncula González C, Cagnoni AJ, Mariño KV, Fontana C, Saenz-Méndez P, Irazoqui G, Giacomini C. Enzymatic synthesis of non-natural trisaccharides and galactosides; Insights of their interaction with galectins as a function of their structure. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Takahashi K, Terauchi I, Ono M, Satoh H, Ueda M. Microbial production of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside from nerol by Agrobacterium sp. M-12 reflects glucosyl transfer activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2205-2211. [PMID: 30185110 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1514250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Terpene alcohol is widely used in perfumes and is known to possess antibacterial activity. Moreover, in its glycosylated form, it can be applied as a nonionic surfactant in food, and in the pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic, and detergent industries. Presently, chemical production of terpene glucosides is hampered by high costs and low yields. Here, we investigated the microbial glucosylation of nerol (cis-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol), a component of volatile oils, by Agrobacterium sp. M-12 isolated from soil. A microbial reaction using washed cells of Agrobacterium sp. M-12, 1 g/L of nerol, and 100 g/L of maltose under optimal conditions yielded 1.8 g/L of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside after 72 h. The molar yield of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside was 87.6%. Additionally, we report the successful transglucosylation of other monoterpene alcohols, such as geraniol, (-)-β-citronellol, and (-)-linalool, by Agrobacterium sp. M-12. Thus, microbial glucosylation has potential widespread applicability for efficient, low-cost production of glycosylated terpene alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Ono
- a Oyama National College of Technology , Oyama , Japan
| | | | - Makoto Ueda
- a Oyama National College of Technology , Oyama , Japan
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Jayakody LN, Liu JJ, Yun EJ, Turner TL, Oh EJ, Jin YS. Direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and ethyl-β-d-glucoside via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2859-2868. [PMID: 30011361 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a sustainable solution to valorize cellulose into fuels and chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and a biodegradable surfactant, ethyl-β-d-glucoside, via an engineered yeast strain (i.e., strain EJ2) expressing heterologous cellodextrin transporter (CDT-1) and intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1) originating from Neurospora crassa. We identified the formation of ethyl-β-d-glucoside in SSF of cellulose by the EJ2 strain owing to transglycosylation activity of GH1-1. The EJ2 strain coproduced 0.34 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g cellulose and 0.06 ± 0.00 g ethyl-β-d-glucoside/g cellulose at a rate of 0.30 ± 0.02 g·L-1 ·h-1 and 0.09 ± 01 g·L-1 ·h-1 , respectively, during the SSF of Avicel PH-101 cellulose, supplemented only with Celluclast 1.5 L. Herein, we report a possible coproduction of a value-added chemical (alkyl-glucosides) during SSF of cellulose exploiting the transglycosylation activity of GH1-1 in engineered S. cerevisiae. This coproduction could have a substantial effect on the overall technoeconomic feasibility of theSSF of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru N Jayakody
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Timothy Lee Turner
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eun Joong Oh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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β-Mannanase-catalyzed synthesis of alkyl mannooligosides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5149-5163. [PMID: 29680901 PMCID: PMC5959982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Mannanases catalyze the conversion and modification of β-mannans and may, in addition to hydrolysis, also be capable of transglycosylation which can result in enzymatic synthesis of novel glycoconjugates. Using alcohols as glycosyl acceptors (alcoholysis), β-mannanases can potentially be used to synthesize alkyl glycosides, biodegradable surfactants, from renewable β-mannans. In this paper, we investigate the synthesis of alkyl mannooligosides using glycoside hydrolase family 5 β-mannanases from the fungi Trichoderma reesei (TrMan5A and TrMan5A-R171K) and Aspergillus nidulans (AnMan5C). To evaluate β-mannanase alcoholysis capacity, a novel mass spectrometry-based method was developed that allows for relative comparison of the formation of alcoholysis products using different enzymes or reaction conditions. Differences in alcoholysis capacity and potential secondary hydrolysis of alkyl mannooligosides were observed when comparing alcoholysis catalyzed by the three β-mannanases using methanol or 1-hexanol as acceptor. Among the three β-mannanases studied, TrMan5A was the most efficient in producing hexyl mannooligosides with 1-hexanol as acceptor. Hexyl mannooligosides were synthesized using TrMan5A and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The data suggests a high selectivity of TrMan5A for 1-hexanol as acceptor over water. The synthesized hexyl mannooligosides were structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, with results in agreement with their predicted β-conformation. The surfactant properties of the synthesized hexyl mannooligosides were evaluated using tensiometry, showing that they have similar micelle-forming properties as commercially available hexyl glucosides. The present paper demonstrates the possibility of using β-mannanases for alkyl glycoside synthesis and increases the potential utilization of renewable β-mannans.
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Exploring the aglycone subsite of a GH11 xylanase for the synthesis of xylosides by transglycosylation reactions. J Biotechnol 2018; 272-273:56-63. [PMID: 29501471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases Tx-xyn10 and Tx-xyn11 were compared for their transxylosylation abilities in the presence of various acceptors. Tx-xyn10 exhibited a broad specificity for various acceptors, whereas xylanase Tx-xyn11 catalysed transxylosylation reactions only in presence of polyphenolic acceptors. A modelling approach was developed to study the molecular bottlenecks into the active site of the enzyme that could be responsible for this restricted specificity. The glycosyl-enzyme intermediate of Tx-xyn11 was modelled, and a rotamer of the Y78 residue was integrated. In silico mutations of some residues from the (+1) and (+2) subsites were tested for the deglycosylation step in the presence of non-polyphenolic acceptors. The results indicated that the mutant W126A was able to use aliphatic alcohols and benzyl alcohol as acceptors for transxylosylation. Experimental validation was tested by mutating the xylanase Tx-xyn11 at position W126 into alanine. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency of the W126A mutant during the hydrolysis of xylans decreased by 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type xylanase. Among tested acceptors, transxylosylation catalysed by mutant W126A was improved with benzyl alcohol leading to a 2-fold higher concentration of benzyl xylobioside, as predicted by in silico mutation. This improved transxylosylation in the presence of benzyl alcohol leading to higher synthesis of benzyl xylobioside could likely be explained by lowest steric hindrance in the aglycone subsite of the mutated xylanase. No secondary hydrolysis of benzyl xylobioside occurred for both wild-type and mutant xylanases. Finally, our results demonstrated that the modelling approach was limited and that accounting for protein dynamics can lead to improved models.
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Weiz G, Breccia JD, Mazzaferro LS. Screening and quantification of the enzymatic deglycosylation of the plant flavonoid rutin by UV–visible spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 229:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Otsuka Y, Sato T. Saccharide Primers Comprising Xylosyl-Serine Primed Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Act as Intermediates in Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3110-3122. [PMID: 30023684 PMCID: PMC6044892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
β-Xylosides have been used as an artificial initiator of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis to investigate its mechanism and to obtain these oligosaccharides. In GAG biosynthesis, phosphorylation on the xylose residue is a crucial step. However, little attention has been paid to phosphorylated oligosaccharides obtained from β-xylosides. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a novel β-xyloside, N-lauryl-O-β-xyloyranosyl-serinamide (Xyl-Ser-C12), had excellent GAG-type oligosaccharide priming ability, whereas phosphorylated oligosaccharides were not found in the primed oligosaccharides. This study examines the potential of Xyl-Ser-C12 and three of its derivatives for use as a probe to investigate the GAG biosynthesis mechanism. Glycosylated products were obtained by incubation of the β-xylosides in normal human dermal fibroblast cells and compared by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. By the optimized method to detect phosphorylated products, Xyl-Ser-C12 was demonstrated to prime not only GAG-type oligosaccharides but also a variety of xylose-phosphorylated products. Among the synthesized β-xylosides, those consisting of xylosyl-serine primed large amounts of phosphorylated and GAG-type oligosaccharides, whereas the others primed sialyloligosaccharides mainly. The majority of the phosphorylated products were considered to be GAG intermediates, which are less observed in nature. To our best knowledge, this is the first report showing that the amino acid residues around the Xyl attachment position strongly affect the phosphorylation efficiency and GAG chain-priming ability of β-xylosides. This study leads to the possibility of the use of β-xyloside as a probe to observe the Xyl phosphorylation process during GAG biosynthesis and investigate comparative glycosaminoglycomics between different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Otsuka
- Central Research
Laboratories, Seikagaku Corporation, 1253, Tateno 3-chome, Higashiyamato-shi, Tokyo 207-0021, Japan
- Department
of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohokuku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department
of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohokuku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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