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Kulothungan V, Ramamoorthy T, Sathishkumar K, Mohan R, Tomy N, Miller GJ, Mathur P. Burden of female breast cancer in India: estimates of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs at national and subnational levels based on the national cancer registry programme. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07264-3. [PMID: 38433127 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in India, and accounted for 13.5% of new cancer cases and 10% of cancer-related deaths in 2020. This study aims to estimate and report the female BC burden in India at state level from 2012 to 2016 in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to project the burden for the year 2025. METHODS The cancer incidence and mortality data from 28 population-based cancer registries were analysed. The mean mortality to incidence ratio was estimated, and mortality figures were adjusted for underreporting. The burden of female BC was estimated at national and subnational levels using Census data, World Health Organisation's lifetables, disability weights, and the DisMod-II tool. A negative binomial regression is employed to project burden for 2025. RESULTS The burden of BC among Indian women in 2016 was estimated to be 515.4 DALYs per 100,000 women after age standardization. The burden metrics at state level exhibited substantial heterogeneity. Notably, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, and Delhi had a higher burden of BC than states in the eastern and north-eastern regions. The projection for 2025 indicates to a substantial increase, reaching 5.6 million DALYs. CONCLUSION The female BC burden in India was significantly high in 2016 and is expected to substantially increase. Undertaking a multidisciplinary, context-specific approach for its prevention and control can address this rising burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Krishnan Sathishkumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Rohith Mohan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Nifty Tomy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - G J Miller
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), Nirmal Bhawan - ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India.
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Hoolachan JM, McCallion E, Sutton ER, Çetin Ö, Pacheco-Torres P, Dimitriadi M, Sari S, Miller GJ, Okoh M, Walter LM, Claus P, Wood MJA, Tonge DP, Bowerman M. A transcriptomics-based drug repositioning approach to identify drugs with similar activities for the treatment of muscle pathologies in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) models. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:400-425. [PMID: 37947217 PMCID: PMC10877467 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by the reduction of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein levels. Although three SMN-augmentation therapies are clinically approved that significantly slow down disease progression, they are unfortunately not cures. Thus, complementary SMN-independent therapies that can target key SMA pathologies and that can support the clinically approved SMN-dependent drugs are the forefront of therapeutic development. We have previously demonstrated that prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) improved muscle health and survival in severe Smn-/-;SMN2 and intermediate Smn2B/- SMA mice. However, long-term administration of prednisolone can promote myopathy. We thus wanted to identify genes and pathways targeted by prednisolone in skeletal muscle to discover clinically approved drugs that are predicted to emulate prednisolone's activities. Using an RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics, and drug repositioning pipeline on skeletal muscle from symptomatic prednisolone-treated and untreated Smn-/-; SMN2 SMA and Smn+/-; SMN2 healthy mice, we identified molecular targets linked to prednisolone's ameliorative effects and a list of 580 drug candidates with similar predicted activities. Two of these candidates, metformin and oxandrolone, were further investigated in SMA cellular and animal models, which highlighted that these compounds do not have the same ameliorative effects on SMA phenotypes as prednisolone; however, a number of other important drug targets remain. Overall, our work further supports the usefulness of prednisolone's potential as a second-generation therapy for SMA, identifies a list of potential SMA drug treatments and highlights improvements for future transcriptomic-based drug repositioning studies in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Hoolachan
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eve McCallion
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R Sutton
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Özge Çetin
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Paloma Pacheco-Torres
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL910 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dimitriadi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL910 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Okoh
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Walter
- SMATHERIA gGmbH – Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- SMATHERIA gGmbH – Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe, Headington Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, United Kingdom
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Pongener I, Sletten ET, Danglad-Flores J, Seeberger PH, Miller GJ. Synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide using automated glycan assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1395-1399. [PMID: 38291974 PMCID: PMC10865181 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01909h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein we utilise automated glycan assembly to complete solid-phase synthesis of defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, employing challenging D-glucuronate disaccharide donors. Using an orthogonally protected D-GlcN-α-D-GlcA donor, milligram-scale synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide is completed in 18% yield over five steps. Furthermore, orthogonal protecting groups enabled regiospecific on-resin 6-O-sulfation. This methodology provides an important benchmark for the rapid assembly of biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Motter J, Benckendorff CMM, Westarp S, Sunde-Brown P, Neubauer P, Kurreck A, Miller GJ. Purine nucleoside antibiotics: recent synthetic advances harnessing chemistry and biology. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38197414 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2019 to 2023Nucleoside analogues represent one of the most important classes of small molecule pharmaceuticals and their therapeutic development is successfully established within oncology and for the treatment of viral infections. However, there are currently no nucleoside analogues in clinical use for the management of bacterial infections. Despite this, a significant number of clinically recognised nucleoside analogues are known to possess some antibiotic activity, thereby establishing a potential source for new therapeutic discovery in this area. Furthermore, given the rise in antibiotic resistance, the discovery of new clinical candidates remains an urgent global priority and natural product-derived nucleoside analogues may also present a rich source of discovery space for new modalities. This Highlight, covering work published from 2019 to 2023, presents a current perspective surrounding the synthesis of natural purine nucleoside antibiotics. By amalgamating recent efforts from synthetic chemistry with advances in biosynthetic understanding and the use of recombinant enzymes, prospects towards different structural classes of purines are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Motter
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caecilie M M Benckendorff
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Sarah Westarp
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Sunde-Brown
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Kurreck
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Anderson SD, Cheallaigh AN, Staniland J, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300625. [PMID: 37830893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long-chain alcohol by-product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon D Anderson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jessica Staniland
- Croda Europe Ltd., Croda Europe Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith, Goole, DN14 9AA, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Dolan JP, Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Cheallaigh AN, Sari S, Eurtivong C, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Volcho KP, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Virtual screening, identification and in vitro validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:865-870. [PMID: 37920392 PMCID: PMC10619135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon undergoing mucoid conversion within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesises copious quantities of the virulence factor and exopolysaccharide alginate. The enzyme guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) catalyses the rate-limiting step and irreversible formation of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Since there is no corresponding enzyme in humans, strategies that could prevent its mechanism of action could open a pathway for new and selective inhibitors to disrupt bacterial alginate production. Using virtual screening, a library of 1447 compounds within the Known Drug Space parameters were evaluated against the GMD active site using the Glide, FRED and GOLD algorithms. Compound hit evaluation with recombinant GMD refined the panel of 40 potential hits to 6 compounds which reduced NADH production in a time-dependent manner; of which, an usnic acid derivative demonstrated inhibition six-fold stronger than a previously established sugar nucleotide inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 17 μM. Further analysis by covalent docking and mass spectrometry confirm a single site of GMD alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University 447 Si Ayutthaya Road Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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Keenan T, Hatton NE, Porter J, Vendeville JB, Wheatley DE, Ghirardello M, Wahart AJC, Ahmadipour S, Walton J, Galan MC, Linclau B, Miller GJ, Fascione MA. Reverse thiophosphorylase activity of a glycoside phosphorylase in the synthesis of an unnatural Manβ1,4GlcNAc library. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11638-11646. [PMID: 37920340 PMCID: PMC10619541 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Mannosides are ubiquitous in nature, with diverse roles in many biological processes. Notably, Manβ1,4GlcNAc a constituent of the core N-glycan in eukaryotes was recently identified as an immune activator, highlighting its potential for use in immunotherapy. Despite their biological significance, the synthesis of β-mannosidic linkages remains one of the major challenges in glycoscience. Here we present a chemoenzymatic strategy that affords a series of novel unnatural Manβ1,4GlcNAc analogues using the β-1,4-d-mannosyl-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine phosphorylase, BT1033. We show that the presence of fluorine in the GlcNAc acceptor facilitates the formation of longer β-mannan-like glycans. We also pioneer a "reverse thiophosphorylase" enzymatic activity, favouring the synthesis of longer glycans by catalysing the formation of a phosphorolysis-stable thioglycoside linkage, an approach that may be generally applicable to other phosphorylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Natasha E Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jack Porter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | | | - David E Wheatley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Julia Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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Benckendorff CMM, Sanghvi YS, Miller GJ. Preparation of a 4'-Thiouridine Building-Block for Solid-Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e878. [PMID: 37747330 PMCID: PMC10946921 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Starting from a commercially available thioether, we report a nine-step synthesis of a 4'-thiouridine phosphoramidite building-block. We install the uracil nucleobase using Pummerer-type glycosylation of a sulfoxide intermediate followed by a series of protecting group manipulations to deliver the desired phosphite. Notably, we introduce a 3',5'-O-di-tert-butylsilylene protecting group within a 4'-thiosugar framework, harnessing this to ensure regiospecific installation of the 2'-O-silyl protecting group. We envisage this methodology will be generally applicable to other 4'-thionucleosides and duly support the exploration of their inclusion within related nucleic acid syntheses. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: (2R,3S,4R)-2,3-O-Isopopropylidene-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-1-(4-sulfinyl)cyclopentane: Sulfoxidation Basic Protocol 2: 2',3'-O-Isopropylidene-5'-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-4'-thiouridine: Pummerer glycosylation Basic Protocol 3: 4'-Thiouridine: Deprotection Basic Protocol 4: 2'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-3',5'-di-tert-butylsiloxy-4'-thiouridine: 2',3',5'-O-silylation Basic Protocol 5: 2'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-4'-thiouridine: Selective 3'-5'-desilylation Basic Protocol 6: 2'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-4'-thiouridine: 5'-O-dimethoxytritylation Basic Protocol 7: 2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-3'-O-[(2-cyanoethoxy)(N,N-diisopropylamino)phosphino]-5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-4'-thiouridine: 3'-O-phosphitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilie M. M. Benckendorff
- Centre for GlycoscienceKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUnited Kingdom
- Lennard‐Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Gavin J. Miller
- Centre for GlycoscienceKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUnited Kingdom
- Lennard‐Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUnited Kingdom
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Pongener I, Miller GJ. d-Glucuronate and d-Glucuronate Glycal Acceptors for the Scalable Synthesis of d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA Disaccharides and Modular Assembly of Heparan Sulfate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11130-11139. [PMID: 37458063 PMCID: PMC10407932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a scalable chemical synthesis of disaccharide building blocks for heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide assembly. The use of d-glucuronate-based acceptors for dehydrative glycosylation with d-glucosamine partners is explored, enabling diastereoselective synthesis of appropriately protected HS disaccharide building blocks (d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA) on a multigram scale. Isolation and characterization of key donor (1,2 glycal)- and acceptor (ortho-ester, anhydro)-derived side products ensure methodology improvements to reduce their formation; protecting the d-glucuronate acceptor at the anomeric position with a para-methoxyphenyl unit proves optimal. We also introduce glycal uronate acceptors, showing them to be comparative in reactivity to their pyranuronate counterparts. Taken together, this gram-scale access offers the capability to explore the iterative assembly of defined HS sequences containing the d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA repeat, highlighted by completing this for two tetrasaccharide syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
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10
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Porter J, Parisi D, Miller T, Cheallaigh AN, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of amphiphilic glycoconjugates: Access to amino, fluorinated and sulfhydryl oleyl glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108854. [PMID: 37329646 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic glycoconjugates offer an important prospect for development as chemical biology tools and biosurfactants. The chemical synthesis of such materials is required to expedite such prospect, compounded by the example of oleyl glycosides. Herein, we report a mild and reliable glycosylation method to access oleyl glucosides, glycosidating oleyl alcohol with α-trichloroacetimidate donors. We demonstrate capability for this methodology, extending it to synthesise the first examples of pyranose-component fluorination and sulfhydryl modifications within glucosides and glucosamines of oleyl alcohol. These compounds provide an exciting series of tools to explore processes and materials that utilise oleyl glycosides, including as probes for glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Porter
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Croda Europe Ltd., Oak Road, Clough Road, Hull, HU6 7PH, UK
| | - Timothy Miller
- Croda Europe Ltd., Oak Road, Clough Road, Hull, HU6 7PH, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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11
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Wittmann C, Dömötör O, Kuznetcova I, Spengler G, Reynisson J, Holder L, Miller GJ, Enyedy EA, Bai R, Hamel E, Arion VB. Indolo[2,3- e]benzazocines and indolo[2,3- f]benzazonines and their copper(II) complexes as microtubule destabilizing agents. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37431840 PMCID: PMC10368209 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of four indolo[2,3-e]benzazocines HL1-HL4 and two indolo[2,3-f]benzazonines HL5 and HL6, as well as their respective copper(II) complexes 1-6, were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and combustion analysis (C, H, N). SC-XRD studies of precursors Vd, VIa·0.5MeOH, of ligands HL4 and HL6·DCM, and complexes 2·2DMF, 5·2DMF, 5'·iPrOH·MeOH provided insights into the energetically favored conformations of eight- and nine-membered heterocycles in the four-ring systems. In addition, proton dissociation constants (pKa) of HL1, HL2 and HL5, complexes 1, 2 and 5, overall stability constants (log β) of 1, 2 and 5 in 30% (v/v) DMSO/H2O at 298 K, as well as thermodynamic solubility of HL1-HL6 and 1-6 in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. All compounds were tested for antiproliferative activity against Colo320, Colo205 and MCF-7 cell lines and showed IC50 values in the low micromolar to sub-micromolar concentration range, while some of them (HL1, HL5 and HL6, 1, 2 and 6) showed remarkable selectivity towards malignant cell lines. Ethidium bromide displacement studies provided evidence that DNA is not the primary target for these drugs. Rather, inhibition of tubulin assembly is likely the underlying mechanism responsible for their antiproliferative activity. Tubulin disassembly experiments showed that HL1 and 1 are effective microtubule destabilizing agents binding to the colchicine site. This was also confirmed by molecular modelling investigations. To the best of our knowledge, complex 1 is the first reported transition metal complex to effectively bind to the tubulin-colchicine pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wittmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Irina Kuznetcova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Schools of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Lauren Holder
- Schools of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Schools of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Eva A Enyedy
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Dolan JP, Benckendorff CM, Field RA, Miller GJ. Fluorinated nucleosides, nucleotides and sugar nucleotides. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1111-1114. [PMID: 37466090 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Caecilie Mm Benckendorff
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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13
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Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ, Bornadel A, Dominguez B. Realizing the Continuous Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Anilines Using an Immobilized Nitroreductase. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:8556-8561. [PMID: 37323810 PMCID: PMC10265703 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of biocatalysis for classically synthetic transformations has seen an increase in recent years, driven by the sustainability credentials bio-based approaches can offer the chemical industry. Despite this, the biocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using nitroreductase biocatalysts has not received significant attention in the context of synthetic chemistry. Herein, a nitroreductase (NR-55) is demonstrated to complete aromatic nitro reduction in a continuous packed-bed reactor for the first time. Immobilization on an amino-functionalized resin with a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH-101) permits extended reuse of the immobilized system, all operating at room temperature and pressure in aqueous buffer. By transferring into flow, a continuous extraction module is incorporated, allowing the reaction and workup to be continuously undertaken in a single operation. This is extended to showcase a closed-loop aqueous phase, permitting reuse of the contained cofactors, with a productivity of >10 gproduct gNR-55-1 and milligram isolated yields >50% for the product anilines. This facile method removes the need for high-pressure hydrogen gas and precious-metal catalysts and proceeds with high chemoselectivity in the presence of hydrogenation-labile halides. Application of this continuous biocatalytic methodology to panels of aryl nitro compounds could offer a sustainable approach to its energy and resource-intensive precious-metal-catalyzed counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Bornadel
- Johnson
Matthey, 28 Cambridge
Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Dominguez
- Johnson
Matthey, 28 Cambridge
Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
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14
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Guimond SE, Procter P, Miller GJ, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. A sulphated glycosaminoglycan extract from Placopecten magellanicus inhibits the Alzheimer's disease β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1). Carbohydr Res 2023; 525:108747. [PMID: 36773398 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinically important anticoagulant heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates that is extracted predominantly from porcine and bovine tissue sources, has previously been shown to inhibit the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), a key drug target in Alzheimer's Disease. In addition, heparin has been shown to exert favourable bioactivities through a number of pathophysiological pathways involved in the disease processes of Alzheimer's Disease including inflammation, oxidative stress, tau phosphorylation and amyloid peptide generation. Despite the multi-target potential of heparin as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease, the repurposing of this medically important biomolecule has to-date been precluded by its high anticoagulant potential. An alternative source to mammalian-derived glycosaminoglycans are those extracted from marine environments and these have been shown to display an expanded repertoire of sequence-space and heterogeneity compared to their mammalian counterparts. Furthermore, many marine-derived glycosaminoglycans appear to retain favourable bioactivities, whilst lacking the high anticoagulant potential of their mammalian counterparts. Here we describe a sulphated, marine-derived glycosaminoglycan extract from the Atlantic Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus that displays high inhibitory potential against BACE-1 (IC50 = 4.8 μg.mL-1) combined with low anticoagulant activity; 25-fold less than that of heparin. This extract possesses a more favourable therapeutic profile compared to pharmaceutical heparin of mammalian provenance and is composed of a mixture of heparan sulphate (HS), with a high content of 6-sulphated N-acetyl glucosamine (64%), and chondroitin sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anthony J Devlin
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lynsay C Cooper
- University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall Campus, Swindon Rd, Cheltenham, GL50 4AZ, UK.
| | - Scott E Guimond
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Patricia Procter
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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15
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Porter J, Lima MA, Pongener I, Miller GJ. Synthesis of 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and interconversion to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108759. [PMID: 36746019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur containing glycosides offer an exciting prospect for inclusion within noncanonical glycan sequences, particularly as enabling probes for chemical glycobiology and for carbohydrate-based therapeutic development. In this context, we required access to 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and sought its chemical synthesis. Unable to isolate this material in homogenous form, we observed instead a thermodynamic preference for interconversion of the pyranose to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose. Accordingly, we present an improved method to access both bis(4-thio-d-glucopyranoside)-4,4'-disulfide and 4-thio-d-glucofuranose from a single precursor, demonstrating that the latter compound can be accessed from the former using a dithiothreitol controlled reduction of the disulfide. The dithiothreitol-mediated interconversion between pyranose (monomer and disulfide) and furanose forms for this thiosugar is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over a 24-h period. Access to these materials will support accessing sulfur-containing mimetics of glucose and derivatives therefrom, such as sugar nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Porter
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Imlirenla Pongener
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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16
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Miller GJ. Early Career Researchers in Glycoscience. Carbohydr Res 2023:108763. [PMID: 37117046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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17
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Dolan JP, Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Biocatalytic Approaches to Building Blocks for Enzymatic and Chemical Glycan Synthesis. JACS Au 2023; 3:47-61. [PMID: 36711082 PMCID: PMC9875253 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While the field of biocatalysis has bloomed over the past 20-30 years, advances in the understanding and improvement of carbohydrate-active enzymes, in particular, the sugar nucleotides involved in glycan building block biosynthesis, have progressed relatively more slowly. This perspective highlights the need for further insight into substrate promiscuity and the use of biocatalysis fundamentals (rational design, directed evolution, immobilization) to expand substrate scopes toward such carbohydrate building block syntheses and/or to improve enzyme stability, kinetics, or turnover. Further, it explores the growing premise of using biocatalysis to provide simple, cost-effective access to stereochemically defined carbohydrate materials, which can undergo late-stage chemical functionalization or automated glycan synthesis/polymerization.
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18
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Benckendorff CMM, Slyusarchuk VD, Huang N, Lima MA, Smith M, Miller GJ. Synthesis of fluorinated carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9469-9489. [PMID: 36408761 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the canonical nucleosides have a longstanding presence and proven capability within medicinal chemistry and drug discovery research. The synthesis reported herein successfully replaces furanose oxygen with CF2 and CHF in pyrimidine nucleosides, granting access to an alternative pharmacophore space. Key diastereoselective conjugate addition and fluorination methodologies are developed from chiral pool materials, establishing a robust gram-scale synthesis of 6'-(R)-monofluoro- and 6'-gem-difluorouridines. Vital intermediate stereochemistries are confirmed using X-ray crystallography and NMR analysis, providing an indicative conformational preference for these fluorinated carbanucleosides. Utilising these 6'-fluorocarbauridine scaffolds enables synthesis of related cytidine, ProTide and 2'-deoxy analogues alongside a preliminary exploration of their biological capabilities in cancer cell viability assays. This synthetic blueprint offers potential to explore fluorocarbanucleoside scaffolds, indicatively towards triphosphate analogues and as building blocks for oligonucleotide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilie M M Benckendorff
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Valentyna D Slyusarchuk
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ningwu Huang
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Mark Smith
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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19
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Meneghetti M, Naughton L, O’Shea C, Koffi Teki DSE, Chagnault V, Nader HB, Rudd TR, Yates EA, Kovensky J, Miller GJ, Lima MA. Using NMR to Dissect the Chemical Space and O-Sulfation Effects within the O- and S-Glycoside Analogues of Heparan Sulfate. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24461-24467. [PMID: 35874203 PMCID: PMC9301708 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated linear carbohydrate that decorates the cell surface and extracellular matrix, is ubiquitously distributed throughout the animal kingdom and represents a key regulator of biological processes and a largely untapped reservoir of potential therapeutic targets. The temporal and spatial variations in the HS structure underpin the concept of "heparanome" and a complex network of HS binding proteins. However, despite its widespread biological roles, the determination of direct structure-to-function correlations is impaired by HS chemical heterogeneity. Attempts to correlate substitution patterns (mostly at the level of sulfation) with a given biological activity have been made. Nonetheless, these do not generally consider higher-level conformational effects at the carbohydrate level. Here, the use of NMR chemical shift analysis, NOEs, and spin-spin coupling constants sheds new light on how different sulfation patterns affect the polysaccharide backbone geometry. Furthermore, the substitution of native O-glycosidic linkages to hydrolytically more stable S-glycosidic forms leads to observable conformational changes in model saccharides, suggesting that alternative chemical spaces can be accessed and explored using such mimetics. Employing a series of systematically modified heparin oligosaccharides (as a proxy for HS) and chemically synthesized O- and S-glycoside analogues, the chemical space occupied by such compounds is explored and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
C.Z. Meneghetti
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy Naughton
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Conor O’Shea
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Dindet S.-E. Koffi Teki
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Vincent Chagnault
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National
Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside analogues represent a cornerstone of achievement in drug discovery, rising to prominence particularly in the fields of antiviral and anticancer discovery over the last 60 years. Traditionally accessed using chemical synthesis, a paradigm shift to include the use of biocatalytic synthesis is now apparent. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors discuss the recent advances using this technology to access nucleoside analogues. Two key aspects are covered, the first surrounding methodology concepts, effectively using enzymes to access diverse nucleoside analogue space and also for producing key building blocks. The second focuses on the use of biocatalytic cascades for de novo syntheses of nucleoside analogue drugs. Finally, recent advances in technologies for effecting enzymatic nucleoside synthesis are considered, chiefly immobilization and flow. EXPERT OPINION Enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues is maturing but has yet to usurp chemical synthesis as a first-hand synthesis technology, with scalability and substrate modification primary issues. Moving forward, tandem approaches that harness expertise across molecular microbiology and chemical synthesis will be vital to unlocking the potential of next generation nucleoside analogue drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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21
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Guinan M, Huang N, Smith M, Miller GJ. Design, chemical synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-4'-thionucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128605. [PMID: 35123007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues represent an historically accomplished class of antiviral drug. Notwithstanding this, new molecular scaffolds are required to overcome their limitations and evolve pharmacophore space within this established field. Herein, we develop concise synthetic access to a new 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-4'-thionucleoside chemotype, including the ProTide form of the uridine analogue. Biological evaluation of these materials in the Hepatitis C replicon assay shows little activity for the canonical pyrimidine forms, but the phosphoramidate of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-β-d-4'-thiouridine has an EC50 of 2.99 μM. Direct comparison to the established Hepatitis C drug Sofosbuvir shows a 100-fold drop in activity upon substituting the furanose chalcogen; the reasons for this are as yet unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Guinan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ningwu Huang
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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22
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Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Beswick L, Hawes CS, Field RA, Miller GJ. Synthesis of C6-modified mannose 1-phosphates and evaluation of derived sugar nucleotides against GDP-mannose dehydrogenase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1379-1384. [PMID: 36247981 PMCID: PMC9531554 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at significant risk of contracting chronic bacterial lung infections. The dominant pathogen in these cases is mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such infections are characterised by overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. We present herein the design and chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar nucleotide tools to probe a critical enzyme within alginate biosynthesis, GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD). We first synthesise C6-modified glycosyl 1-phosphates, incorporating 6-amino, 6-chloro and 6-sulfhydryl groups, followed by their evaluation as substrates for enzymatic pyrophosphorylative coupling. The development of this methodology enables access to GDP 6-chloro-6-deoxy-ᴅ-mannose and its evaluation against GMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Chris S Hawes
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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23
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Wahart AJC, Staniland J, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Oxidase enzymes as sustainable oxidation catalysts. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211572. [PMID: 35242351 PMCID: PMC8753158 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation is one of the most important processes used by the chemical industry. However, many of the methods that are used pose significant sustainability and environmental issues. Biocatalytic oxidation offers an alternative to these methods, with a now significant enzymatic oxidation toolbox on offer to chemists. Oxidases are one of these options, and as they only depend on molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant offer perfect atom economy alongside the selectivity benefits afforded by enzymes. This review will focus on examples of oxidase biocatalysts that have been used for the sustainable production of important molecules and highlight some important processes that have been significantly improved through the use of oxidases. It will also consider emerging classes of oxidases, and how they might fit in a future biorefinery approach for the sustainable production of important chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. C. Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- The Keele Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- The Keele Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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24
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Ahmadipour S, Field RA, Miller GJ. Prospects for anti- Candida therapy through targeting the cell wall: A mini-review. Cell Surf 2021; 7:100063. [PMID: 34746525 PMCID: PMC8551693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of fungal infections on humans is a serious public health issue that has received much less attention than bacterial infection and treatment, despite ever-increasing incidence exacerbated by an increased incidence of immunocompromised individuals in the population. Candida species, in particular, cause some of the most prevalent hospital-related fungal infections. Fungal infections are also detrimental to the well-being of grazing livestock, with milk production in dairy cows, and body and coat condition adversely affected by fungal infections. Fungal cell walls are essential for viability, morphogenesis and pathogenesis: numerous anti-fungal drugs rely on targeting either the cell wall or cell membrane, but the pipeline of available bioactives is limited. There is a clear and unmet need to identify novel targets and develop new classes of anti-fungal agents. This mini review focuses on fungal cell wall structure, composition and biosynthesis in Candida spp., including C. auris. In addition, an overview of current advances in the development of cell wall targeted therapies is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Iceni Diagnostics Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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25
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Guinan M, Huang N, Hawes CS, Lima MA, Smith M, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of 4'-thio and 4'-sulfinyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1401-1406. [PMID: 34806745 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the canonical nucleosides required for nucleic acid synthesis have a longstanding presence and proven capability within antiviral and anticancer research. 4'-Thionucleosides, that incorporate bioisosteric replacement of furanose oxygen with sulfur, represent an important chemotype within this field. Established herein is synthetic capability towards a common 4-thioribose building block that enables access to thio-ribo and thio-arabino pyrimidine nucleosides, alongside their 4'-sulfinyl derivatives. In addition, this building block methodology is templated to deliver 4'-thio and 4'-sulfinyl analogues of the established anticancer drug gemcitabine. Cytotoxic capability of these new analogues is evaluated against human pancreatic cancer and human primary glioblastoma cell lines, with observed activities ranging from low μM to >200 μM; explanation for this reduced activity, compared to established nucleoside analogues, is yet unclear. Access to these chemotypes, with thiohemiaminal linkages, will enable a wider exploration of purine and triphosphate analogues and the application of such materials for potential resistance towards relevant hydrolytic enzymes within nucleic acid biochemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Guinan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. .,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ningwu Huang
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Chris S Hawes
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark Smith
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. .,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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26
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Pongener I, O'Shea C, Wootton H, Watkinson M, Miller GJ. Developments in the Chemical Synthesis of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3238-3255. [PMID: 34523797 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate represent key members of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates and underpin considerable repertoires of biological importance. As such, their efficiency of synthesis represents a key requirement, to further understand and exploit the H/HS structure-to-biological function axis. In this review we focus on chemical approaches to and methodology improvements for the synthesis of these essential sugars (from 2015 onwards). We first consider advances in accessing the heparin-derived pentasaccharide anticoagulant fondaparinux. This is followed by heparan sulfate targets, including key building block synthesis, oligosaccharide construction and chemical sulfation techniques. We end with a consideration of technological improvements to traditional, solution-phase synthesis approaches that are increasingly being utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Conor O'Shea
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Hannah Wootton
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK
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27
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Dimitriou E, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of C6-tetrazole ᴅ-mannose building blocks and access to a bioisostere of mannuronic acid 1-phosphate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1527-1532. [PMID: 34290835 PMCID: PMC8275867 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a biocompatible and industrially relevant polysaccharide that derives many of its important properties from the charged carboxylate groups within its polyuronic acid backbone. The design and inclusion of isosteric replacements for these carboxylates would underpin provision of new oligo-/polysaccharide materials with alternate physicochemical properties. Presented herein is our synthesis of mannuronic acid building blocks, appropriately modified at the carboxylate C6 position with a bioisosteric tetrazole. Thioglycosides containing a protected C6-tetrazole are accessed from a C6-nitrile, through dipolar cycloaddition using NaN3 with n-Bu2SnO. We also demonstrate access to orthogonally C4-protected donors, suitable for iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The development of these building blocks is showcased to access anomeric 3-aminopropyl- and 1-phosphate free sugars containing this non-native motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U. K
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U. K
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28
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Guimond SE, Procter P, Guerrini M, Miller GJ, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Glycosaminoglycans from Litopenaeus vannamei Inhibit the Alzheimer's Disease β Secretase, BACE1. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:203. [PMID: 33916819 PMCID: PMC8067017 DOI: 10.3390/md19040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only palliative therapeutic options exist for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease; no new successful drug candidates have been developed in over 15 years. The widely used clinical anticoagulant heparin has been reported to exert beneficial effects through multiple pathophysiological pathways involved in the aetiology of Alzheimer's Disease, for example, amyloid peptide production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the therapeutic potential of heparin as a multi-target drug for Alzheimer's disease, the repurposing of pharmaceutical heparin is proscribed owing to the potent anticoagulant activity of this drug. Here, a heterogenous non-anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan extract, obtained from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, was found to inhibit the key neuronal β-secretase, BACE1, displaying a more favorable therapeutic ratio compared to pharmaceutical heparin when anticoagulant activity is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Anthony J. Devlin
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Lynsay C. Cooper
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemistry, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
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29
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Beswick L, Dimitriou E, Ahmadipour S, Zafar A, Rejzek M, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Inhibition of the GDP-d-Mannose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Targeted Sugar Nucleotide Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3086-3092. [PMID: 33237714 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sufferers of cystic fibrosis are at extremely high risk for contracting chronic lung infections. Over their lifetime, one bacterial strain in particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, becomes the dominant pathogen. Bacterial strains incur loss-of-function mutations in the mucA gene that lead to a mucoid conversion, resulting in copious secretion of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Strategies that stop the production of alginate in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are therefore of paramount importance. To aid in this, a series of sugar nucleotide tools to probe an enzyme critical to alginate biosynthesis, guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD), have been developed. GMD catalyzes the irreversible formation of the alginate building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Using a chemoenzymatic strategy, we accessed a series of modified sugar nucleotides, identifying a C6-amide derivative of guanosine diphosphate mannose as a micromolar inhibitor of GMD. This discovery provides a framework for wider inhibition strategies against GMD to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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30
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Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 PMCID: PMC7869224 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C. Z. Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M. Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.066761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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32
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Ní Cheallaigh A, Guimond SE, Oscarson S, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of a sulfated d-glucosamine library and evaluation of cell proliferation capabilities. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108085. [PMID: 32807354 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Scott E Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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34
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Procter P, Miller GJ, Fernig DG, Guerrini M, Guimond SE, Lima MA, Yates EA, Skidmore MA. Inhibition of BACE1, the β-secretase implicated in Alzheimer's disease, by a chondroitin sulfate extract from Sardina pilchardus. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1546-1553. [PMID: 31997821 PMCID: PMC7059579 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical and anticoagulant agent heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates, has previously been identified as a potent inhibitor of a key Alzheimer's disease drug target, the primary neuronal β-secretase, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). The anticoagulant activity of heparin has, however, precluded the repurposing of this widely used pharmaceutical as an Alzheimer's disease therapeutic. Here, a glycosaminoglycan extract, composed predominantly of 4-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, has been isolated from Sardina pilchardus, which possess the ability to inhibit BACE1 (IC50 [half maximal inhibitory concentration] = 4.8 μg/mL), while displaying highly attenuated anticoagulant activities (activated partial thromboplastin time EC50 [median effective concentration] = 403.8 μg/mL, prothrombin time EC50 = 1.3 mg/mL). The marine-derived, chondroitin sulfate extract destabilizes BACE1, determined via differential scanning fluorimetry (ΔTm -5°C), to a similar extent as heparin, suggesting that BACE1 inhibition by glycosaminoglycans may occur through a common mode of action, which may assist in the screening of glycan-based BACE1 inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Anthony J. Devlin
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Lynsay C. Cooper
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark Andrew Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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35
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Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Hofman GJ, Wootton H, Dimitriou E, Reynisson J, Field RA, Linclau B, Miller GJ. Exploring anomeric glycosylation of phosphoric acid: Optimisation and scope for non-native substrates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 488:107896. [PMID: 31887633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gert-Jan Hofman
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wootton
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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36
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Singh M, Watkinson M, Scanlan EM, Miller GJ. Illuminating glycoscience: synthetic strategies for FRET-enabled carbohydrate active enzyme probes. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are synthesised, refined and degraded by carbohydrate active enzymes. FRET is emerging as a powerful tool to monitor and quantify their activity as well as to test inhibitors as new drug candidates and monitor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
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37
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Beswick L, Ahmadipour S, Dolan JP, Rejzek M, Field RA, Miller GJ. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block: GDP-d-mannuronic acid. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107819. [PMID: 31557683 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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38
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Ahmadipour S, Pergolizzi G, Rejzek M, Field RA, Miller GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of C6-Modified Sugar Nucleotides To Probe the GDP-d-Mannose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Lett 2019; 21:4415-4419. [PMID: 31144821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of C6-modified GDP-d-Man sugar nucleotides is described. This provides the first structure-function tools for the GDP-d-ManA producing GDP-d-mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a common C6 aldehyde functionalization strategy, chemical synthesis introduces deuterium enrichment, alongside one-carbon homologation at C6 for a series of mannose 1-phosphates. These materials are shown to be substrates for the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica, delivering the required toolbox of modified GDP-d-Mans. C6-CH3 modified sugar-nucleotides are capable of reversibly preventing GDP-ManA production by GMD. The ketone product from oxidation of a C6-CH3 modified analogue is identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Keele University , Keele , Staffordshire ST5 5BG , United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Keele University , Keele , Staffordshire ST5 5BG , United Kingdom
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39
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Dimitriou E, Miller GJ. Exploring a glycosylation methodology for the synthesis of hydroxamate-modified alginate building blocks. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9321-9335. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed sequence, C6-hydroxamate-modified alginate disaccharides are prepared using NIS/TMSOTf glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimitriou
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
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40
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Dimitriou E, Jones RH, Pritchard RG, Miller GJ, O'Brien M. Gas-liquid flow hydrogenation of nitroarenes: Efficient access to a pharmaceutically relevant pyrrolobenzo[1,4]diazepine scaffold. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Ahmadipour S, Beswick L, Miller GJ. Recent advances in the enzymatic synthesis of sugar-nucleotides using nucleotidylyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. Carbohydr Res 2018; 469:38-47. [PMID: 30265902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura Beswick
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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42
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Miller GJ, Stirling Y, Esnouf MP, Heinrich J, van de Loo J, Kienast J, Wu KK, Morrissey JH, Meade TW, Martin JC, Imeson JD, Cooper JA, Finch A. Factor VII-Deficient Substrate Plasmas Depleted of Protein C Raise the Sensitivity of the Factor VII Bio-Assay to Activated Factor VII: an International Study. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPlasma from healthy individuals, pregnant women and patients on warfarin were distributed to 3 laboratories supporting major cardiovascular surveys (Northwick Park, Muenster and Houston) for assay of factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) with their own bio-assays. The mean VIIC in 147 samples agreed to within 1% of standard in Northwick Park and Houston, but was 14% of standard lower in Muenster owing to its more potent standard. In samples with an increased VIIC the Northwick Park assay gave a higher result than the other assays owing to its increased responsiveness to activated factor VII (VIIa). Thus when VIIa concentrations were determined directly with a clotting assay which utilises a soluble recombinant tissue factor, the increase in VIIC with increase in VIIa was considerably greater with the Northwick Park assay than the Muenster assay. This feature of the Northwick Park assay was traced to the virtual absence of protein C in its substrate plasma. Factor Va appears rate-limiting for the coagulant expression of VIIa in test plasma. If the thrombotic response to release of tissue factor is determined by the circulating concentration of VIIa, then the Northwick Park factor VII bio-assay may be preferable to other bio-assays currently employed to estimate risk of acute coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Miller
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - Y Stirling
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - M P Esnouf
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, England
| | - J Heinrich
- The Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - J van de Loo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - J Kienast
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - K K Wu
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J H Morrissey
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - T W Meade
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - J C Martin
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - J D Imeson
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - J A Cooper
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, England
| | - A Finch
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
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43
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Abstract
SummaryFactor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several reports have suggested that dietary fat intake or hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with elevated levels of FVII. This study demonstrates that an intake of long-chain fatty acids sufficient to induce postprandial lipaemia in healthy subjects leads to a substantial elevation in both FVIIc and the concentration of FVII circulating in the activated form. Such an increase in FVIIc could not be induced by medium-chain triglycerides. These results suggest that the consumption of a sufficient amount of long-chain triglycerides to induce postprandial lipaemia induces the activation of FVII.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A B Sanders
- The Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, King’s College, University of London
| | - G J Miller
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tamara de Grassi
- The Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, King’s College, University of London
| | - Najat Yahia
- The Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, King’s College, University of London
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44
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Miller GJ, Stirling Y, Howarth DJ, Cooper JC, Green FR, Lane A, Humphries SE. Dietary Fat Intake and Plasma Factor VII Antigen Concentration. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Miller
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Medical College of St Bartholomew ’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y Stirling
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Medical College of St Bartholomew ’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - D J Howarth
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Medical College of St Bartholomew ’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - J C Cooper
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Medical College of St Bartholomew ’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - F R Green
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - A Lane
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - S E Humphries
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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45
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Miller GJ, Bauer KA, Barzegar S, Foley AJ, Mitchell JP, Cooper JA, Rosenberg RD. The Effects of Quality and Timing of Venepuncture on Markers of Blood Coagulation in Healthy Middle-aged Men. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEffects of the quality and the time of venepuncture on factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) and the concentrations of fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were sought in 2665 men, of whom 2334 were re-examined after about one year. Venepunctures were categorised as satisfactory, not fully satisfactory or unsatisfactory according to pre-defined criteria. Neither the quality nor timing of the venepuncture influenced VIICor fibrinogen concentration. However, at baseline and re-examination F1 + 2and FPA were increased on average by about 9% and 45% respectively when venepunctures were not fully satisfactory, and by about 11% and 100% when unsatisfactory. Plasma collected after 1500 h had slightly but significantly lower levels of F1 + 2and FPA than samples taken earlier, possibly due to circadian rhythm. The results emphasise the need for careful surveillance of the venepuncture procedure and the value of FPA when using F1+ 2as a marker of risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Miller
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, UK
| | - K A Bauer
- The Molecular Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Barzegar
- The Molecular Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Foley
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, UK
| | - J P Mitchell
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, UK
| | - J A Cooper
- The Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, London, UK
| | - R D Rosenberg
- The Molecular Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Connelly JB, Roderick PJ, Cooper JA, Meade TW, Miller GJ. Positive Association Between Self-Reported Fatty Food Consumption and Factor VII Coagulant Activity, a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease, in 4246 Middle-Aged Men. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRaised levels of factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) have been reported to increase the incidence of CHD. Preliminary evidence from observational and experimental studies suggests that dietary fat intake is positively associated with VIIC. We explored this further in 4,246 men aged 45–69, who were found to be free of major CHD when screened for a primary prevention trial of antithrombotic medication. All men were asked about their consumption of fatty foods and changes in consumption in the last month.In the 9% of men who reported avoidance of fatty foods in the month before interview, age adjusted VIIC was 7.8% of standard (95% CI 5.1–10.6%) lower than in the remainder. Serum cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were also significantly lower. The extent to which fat consumed in the past month had deviated from usual intake was significantly and positively related with VIIC, serum cholesterol and BMI. Thus, the VIIC difference between those eating much less fatty food than usual and those eating much more than usual was 11% of standard, with those eating their usual amount having an intermediate level.This study adds to the evidence that dietary fat intake influences VIIC and coagulability. The effect is rapid, so that much of the benefit of dietary fat reduction on thrombogenic risk in CHD is likely to occur within a short time. Thus, the results reinforce the value of a low fat diet, even in individuals with advanced atheroma, in whom dietary intervention has sometimes been considered unlikely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Connelly
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - P J Roderick
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - J A Cooper
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - T W Meade
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - G J Miller
- The MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Medical College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Wilkes HC, Meade TW, Barzega S, Foley AJ, Hughes LO, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Miller GJ. Gemfibrozil Reduces Plasma Prothrombin Fragment F1+2 Concentration, a Marker of Coagulability, in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe effects of gemfibrozil on several indices of haemostatic activity were explored in male patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Sixty-three of 71 patients completed a crossover study in which gemfibrozil 1,200 mg/day and matching placebo were each taken in randomised order for 2 months in a doubleblind manner, separated by a 2-month washout period. Serum cholesterol decreased by an average (95% confidence interval) of 12 (9 to 15)% and non-fasting triglyceride concentration by 43 (34 to 51)% during active treatment. Plasma prothrombin fragment Fi + 2 concentration, a marker of the in vivo rate of generation of thrombin, was 25 (12 to 37)% lower on average while on gemfibrozil than during the placebo phase. Factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) and antigen concentration, and fibrinopeptide A concentration were not influenced by gemfibrozil in the group overall. However, the VIIC response appeared to be dependent upon the untreated cholesterol level. Hypercholesterolaemic men (cholesterol >6.5 mmol/1) experienced a significant reduction in VIIC averaging 6% of standard during active therapy. Other effects of gemfibrozil were a 5 (2 to 9)% increase in plasma fibrinogen by a gravimetric method, an 11 (8 to 13)% increase in platelet count, and a 6 (2 to 10)% reduction in white cell count. The reduced incidence of CHD following gemfibrozil therapy in hyperlipidaemic patients may arise in part through a reduction in procoagulant activity and thus the risk of an occlusive coronary thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Wilkes
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - T W Meade
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - S Barzega
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A J Foley
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - L O Hughes
- The Department of Cardiology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - K A Bauer
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R D Rosenberg
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute and Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G J Miller
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
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48
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Ahmadipour S, Miller GJ. Recent advances in the chemical synthesis of sugar-nucleotides. Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:95-109. [PMID: 28923409 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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49
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Avizienyte E, Cole CL, Rushton G, Miller GJ, Bugatti A, Presta M, Gardiner JM, Jayson GC. Synthetic Site-Selectively Mono-6-O-Sulfated Heparan Sulfate Dodecasaccharide Shows Anti-Angiogenic Properties In Vitro and Sensitizes Tumors to Cisplatin In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159739. [PMID: 27490176 PMCID: PMC4973927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS), a ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan (GAG), regulates multiple cellular functions by mediating interactions between numerous growth factors and their cell surface cognate receptors. However, the structural specificity of HS in these interactions remains largely undefined. Here, we used completely synthetic, structurally defined, alternating N-sulfated glucosamine (NS) and 2-O-sulfated iduronate (IS) residues to generate dodecasaccharides ([NSIS]6) that contained no, one or six glucosamine 6-O-sulfates (6S). The aim was to address how 6S contributes to the potential of defined HS dodecasaccharides to inhibit the angiogenic growth factors FGF2 and VEGF165, in vitro and in vivo. We show that the addition of a single 6S at the non-reducing end of [NSIS]6, i.e. [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5, significantly augments the inhibition of FGF2-dependent endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprouting in vitro when compared to the non-6S variant. In contrast, the fully 6-O-sulfated dodecasaccharide, [NSIS6S]6, is not a potent inhibitor of FGF2. Addition of a single 6S did not significantly improve inhibitory properties of [NSIS]6 when tested against VEGF165-dependent endothelial cell functions.In vivo, [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 blocked FGF2-dependent blood vessel formation without affecting tumor growth. Reduction of non-FGF2-dependent ovarian tumor growth occurred when [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 was combined with cisplatin. The degree of inhibition by [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 in combination with cisplatin in vivo equated with that induced by bevacizumab and sunitinib when administered with cisplatin. Evaluation of post-treatment vasculature revealed that [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 treatment had the greatest impact on tumor blood vessel size and lumen formation. Our data for the first time demonstrate that synthetic, structurally defined oligosaccharides have potential to be developed as active anti-angiogenic agents that sensitize tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Avizienyte
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EA); (GCJ)
| | - Claire L. Cole
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Rushton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - John M. Gardiner
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C. Jayson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EA); (GCJ)
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50
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Potter GT, Jayson GC, Miller GJ, Gardiner JM. An Updated Synthesis of the Diazo-Transfer Reagent Imidazole-1-sulfonyl Azide Hydrogen Sulfate. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3443-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett T. Potter
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gordon C. Jayson
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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