1
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Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Anderson SD, Cheallaigh AN, Staniland J, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300625. [PMID: 37830893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long-chain alcohol by-product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon D Anderson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jessica Staniland
- Croda Europe Ltd., Croda Europe Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith, Goole, DN14 9AA, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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2
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Dolan JP, Ahmadipour S, Wahart AJC, Cheallaigh AN, Sari S, Eurtivong C, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Volcho KP, Reynisson J, Field RA, Miller GJ. Virtual screening, identification and in vitro validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:865-870. [PMID: 37920392 PMCID: PMC10619135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon undergoing mucoid conversion within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesises copious quantities of the virulence factor and exopolysaccharide alginate. The enzyme guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) catalyses the rate-limiting step and irreversible formation of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Since there is no corresponding enzyme in humans, strategies that could prevent its mechanism of action could open a pathway for new and selective inhibitors to disrupt bacterial alginate production. Using virtual screening, a library of 1447 compounds within the Known Drug Space parameters were evaluated against the GMD active site using the Glide, FRED and GOLD algorithms. Compound hit evaluation with recombinant GMD refined the panel of 40 potential hits to 6 compounds which reduced NADH production in a time-dependent manner; of which, an usnic acid derivative demonstrated inhibition six-fold stronger than a previously established sugar nucleotide inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 17 μM. Further analysis by covalent docking and mass spectrometry confirm a single site of GMD alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University 447 Si Ayutthaya Road Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Hornbeam Building, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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3
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Guimond SE, Procter P, Miller GJ, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. A sulphated glycosaminoglycan extract from Placopecten magellanicus inhibits the Alzheimer's disease β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1). Carbohydr Res 2023; 525:108747. [PMID: 36773398 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinically important anticoagulant heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates that is extracted predominantly from porcine and bovine tissue sources, has previously been shown to inhibit the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), a key drug target in Alzheimer's Disease. In addition, heparin has been shown to exert favourable bioactivities through a number of pathophysiological pathways involved in the disease processes of Alzheimer's Disease including inflammation, oxidative stress, tau phosphorylation and amyloid peptide generation. Despite the multi-target potential of heparin as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease, the repurposing of this medically important biomolecule has to-date been precluded by its high anticoagulant potential. An alternative source to mammalian-derived glycosaminoglycans are those extracted from marine environments and these have been shown to display an expanded repertoire of sequence-space and heterogeneity compared to their mammalian counterparts. Furthermore, many marine-derived glycosaminoglycans appear to retain favourable bioactivities, whilst lacking the high anticoagulant potential of their mammalian counterparts. Here we describe a sulphated, marine-derived glycosaminoglycan extract from the Atlantic Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus that displays high inhibitory potential against BACE-1 (IC50 = 4.8 μg.mL-1) combined with low anticoagulant activity; 25-fold less than that of heparin. This extract possesses a more favourable therapeutic profile compared to pharmaceutical heparin of mammalian provenance and is composed of a mixture of heparan sulphate (HS), with a high content of 6-sulphated N-acetyl glucosamine (64%), and chondroitin sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anthony J Devlin
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lynsay C Cooper
- University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall Campus, Swindon Rd, Cheltenham, GL50 4AZ, UK.
| | - Scott E Guimond
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Patricia Procter
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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4
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Porter J, Lima MA, Pongener I, Miller GJ. Synthesis of 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and interconversion to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108759. [PMID: 36746019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur containing glycosides offer an exciting prospect for inclusion within noncanonical glycan sequences, particularly as enabling probes for chemical glycobiology and for carbohydrate-based therapeutic development. In this context, we required access to 4-thio-d-glucopyranose and sought its chemical synthesis. Unable to isolate this material in homogenous form, we observed instead a thermodynamic preference for interconversion of the pyranose to 4-thio-d-glucofuranose. Accordingly, we present an improved method to access both bis(4-thio-d-glucopyranoside)-4,4'-disulfide and 4-thio-d-glucofuranose from a single precursor, demonstrating that the latter compound can be accessed from the former using a dithiothreitol controlled reduction of the disulfide. The dithiothreitol-mediated interconversion between pyranose (monomer and disulfide) and furanose forms for this thiosugar is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over a 24-h period. Access to these materials will support accessing sulfur-containing mimetics of glucose and derivatives therefrom, such as sugar nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Porter
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Imlirenla Pongener
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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5
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Benckendorff CMM, Slyusarchuk VD, Huang N, Lima MA, Smith M, Miller GJ. Synthesis of fluorinated carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9469-9489. [PMID: 36408761 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the canonical nucleosides have a longstanding presence and proven capability within medicinal chemistry and drug discovery research. The synthesis reported herein successfully replaces furanose oxygen with CF2 and CHF in pyrimidine nucleosides, granting access to an alternative pharmacophore space. Key diastereoselective conjugate addition and fluorination methodologies are developed from chiral pool materials, establishing a robust gram-scale synthesis of 6'-(R)-monofluoro- and 6'-gem-difluorouridines. Vital intermediate stereochemistries are confirmed using X-ray crystallography and NMR analysis, providing an indicative conformational preference for these fluorinated carbanucleosides. Utilising these 6'-fluorocarbauridine scaffolds enables synthesis of related cytidine, ProTide and 2'-deoxy analogues alongside a preliminary exploration of their biological capabilities in cancer cell viability assays. This synthetic blueprint offers potential to explore fluorocarbanucleoside scaffolds, indicatively towards triphosphate analogues and as building blocks for oligonucleotide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilie M M Benckendorff
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Valentyna D Slyusarchuk
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ningwu Huang
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Mark Smith
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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6
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Parafioriti M, Ni M, Petitou M, Mycroft-West CJ, Rudd TR, Gandhi NS, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Bisio A, Guerrini M, Elli S. Evidence for Multiple Binding Modes in the Initial Contact Between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein and Cell Surface Glycans. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202202599. [PMID: 36134621 PMCID: PMC9537976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 begins with recognition by the virus S (spike) protein of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS), tethering the virus to the extracellular matrix environment, and causing the subunit S1-RBD to undergo a conformational change into the 'open' conformation. These two events promote the binding of S1-RBD to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a preliminary step toward viral-cell membrane fusion. Combining ligand-based NMR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics, oligosaccharide analogues were used to explore the interactions between S1-RBD of SARS CoV-2 and HS, revealing several low-specificity binding modes and previously unidentified potential sites for the binding of extended HS polysaccharide chains. The evidence for multiple binding modes also suggest that highly specific inhibitors will not be optimal against protein S but, rather, diverse HS-based structures, characterized by high affinity and including multi-valent compounds, may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Parafioriti
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'NMR and carbohydratesvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Minghong Ni
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'Organic Chemistryvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Maurice Petitou
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G Ronzoni'Organic chemistryvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | | | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlAnalytical and Biological Sciences DivisionPotters Bar, Hertfordshire, United KingdomPotters Bar, HertfordshireUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- Queensland University of Technology Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationSchool of Chemistry and Physics2 George StBrisbaneAUSTRALIA
| | - Vito Ferro
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesBrisbaneAUSTRALIA
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyCrown StreetL69 7ZBLiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Keele University School of Life SciencesCentre for GlycoscienceHuxley Building 203ST5 5BGNewcastle-Under-LymeUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Keele University School of Life SciencesCentre for GlycoscienceHuxley Building 174ST5 5BGNewcastle-Under-LymeUNITED KINGDOM
| | - David G. Fernig
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyCrown StreetL69 7BELiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- University of Liverpool Institute of Integrative BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyCrown StreetL69 7ZBLiverpoolUNITED KINGDOM
| | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'Biochemistry and molecular biologyvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche 'G. Ronzoni'NMR and Carbohydratevia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di ricerche chimiche e biochimiche G Ronzoni (Milano)NMR and Carbohydratesvia Giuseppe Colombo 8120133MilanoITALY
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7
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Lima MA, Rudd TR, Fernig DG, Yates EA. Phosphorylation and sulfation share a common biosynthetic pathway, but extend biochemical and evolutionary diversity of biological macromolecules in distinct ways. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220391. [PMID: 35919982 PMCID: PMC9346353 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate and sulfate groups are integral to energy metabolism and introduce negative charges into biological macromolecules. One purpose of such modifications is to elicit precise binding/activation of protein partners. The physico-chemical properties of the two groups, while superficially similar, differ in one important respect—the valency of the central (phosphorus or sulfur) atom. This dictates the distinct properties of their respective esters, di-esters and hence their charges, interactions with metal ions and their solubility. These, in turn, determine the contrasting roles for which each group has evolved in biological systems. Biosynthetic links exist between the two modifications; the sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate being formed from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine phosphosulfate, while the latter is generated from sulfate anions and ATP. Furthermore, phosphorylation, by a xylosyl kinase (Fam20B, glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase) of the xylose residue of the tetrasaccharide linker region that connects nascent glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains to their parent proteoglycans, substantially accelerates their biosynthesis. Following observations that GAG chains can enter the cell nucleus, it is hypothesized that sulfated GAGs could influence events in the nucleus, which would complete a feedback loop uniting the complementary anionic modifications of phosphorylation and sulfation through complex, inter-connected signalling networks and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lima
- Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - T R Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Science Department, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - D G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - E A Yates
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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8
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Meneghetti M, Naughton L, O’Shea C, Koffi Teki DSE, Chagnault V, Nader HB, Rudd TR, Yates EA, Kovensky J, Miller GJ, Lima MA. Using NMR to Dissect the Chemical Space and O-Sulfation Effects within the O- and S-Glycoside Analogues of Heparan Sulfate. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24461-24467. [PMID: 35874203 PMCID: PMC9301708 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated linear carbohydrate that decorates the cell surface and extracellular matrix, is ubiquitously distributed throughout the animal kingdom and represents a key regulator of biological processes and a largely untapped reservoir of potential therapeutic targets. The temporal and spatial variations in the HS structure underpin the concept of "heparanome" and a complex network of HS binding proteins. However, despite its widespread biological roles, the determination of direct structure-to-function correlations is impaired by HS chemical heterogeneity. Attempts to correlate substitution patterns (mostly at the level of sulfation) with a given biological activity have been made. Nonetheless, these do not generally consider higher-level conformational effects at the carbohydrate level. Here, the use of NMR chemical shift analysis, NOEs, and spin-spin coupling constants sheds new light on how different sulfation patterns affect the polysaccharide backbone geometry. Furthermore, the substitution of native O-glycosidic linkages to hydrolytically more stable S-glycosidic forms leads to observable conformational changes in model saccharides, suggesting that alternative chemical spaces can be accessed and explored using such mimetics. Employing a series of systematically modified heparin oligosaccharides (as a proxy for HS) and chemically synthesized O- and S-glycoside analogues, the chemical space occupied by such compounds is explored and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
C.Z. Meneghetti
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy Naughton
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Conor O’Shea
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Dindet S.-E. Koffi Teki
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Vincent Chagnault
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular,
Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National
Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Hertfordshire, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), UMR
7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie
Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex F-80039, France
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- School
of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
- Centre
for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele ST55BG, Staffordshire, U.K.
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9
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Guimond S, Mycroft-West CJ, Gandhi NS, Tree JA, Le TT, Spalluto CM, Humbert MV, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Wand M, Nyström K, Said J, Setoh YX, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Sng JDJ, Chhabra M, Young PR, Rawle DJ, Lima MA, Yates EA, Karlsson R, Miller RL, Chen YH, Bagdonaite I, Yang Z, Stewart J, Nguyen D, Laidlaw S, Hammond E, Dredge K, Wilkinson TMA, Watterson D, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A, Carroll MW, Trybala E, Bergström T, Ferro V, Skidmore MA, Turnbull JE. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike-ACE2 Interaction. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:527-545. [PMID: 35647275 PMCID: PMC9136977 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a coreceptor with the ACE2 protein for the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new therapeutic target. Clinically used heparins demonstrate an inhibitory activity but have an anticoagulant activity and are supply-limited, necessitating alternative solutions. Here, we show that synthetic HS mimetic pixatimod (PG545), a cancer drug candidate, binds and destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and directly inhibits its binding to ACE2, consistent with molecular modeling identification of multiple molecular contacts and overlapping pixatimod and ACE2 binding sites. Assays with multiple clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus show that pixatimod potently inhibits the infection of monkey Vero E6 cells and physiologically relevant human bronchial epithelial cells at safe therapeutic concentrations. Pixatimod also retained broad potency against variants of concern (VOC) including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, in a K18-hACE2 mouse model, pixatimod significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral titers in the upper respiratory tract and virus-induced weight loss. This demonstration of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity tolerant to emerging mutations establishes proof-of-concept for targeting the HS-Spike protein-ACE2 axis with synthetic HS mimetics and provides a strong rationale for clinical investigation of pixatimod as a potential multimodal therapeutic for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Julia A. Tree
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria V. Humbert
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R. Buttigieg
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Elmore
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wand
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - James Stewart
- Department
of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen Laidlaw
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Hammond
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Vito Ferro
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- ;
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10
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Su D, Li Y, Yates EA, Skidmore MA, Lima MA, Fernig DG. Analysis of protein-heparin interactions using a portable SPR instrument. PeerJ Analytical Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical biosensors such as those based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are a key analytical tool for understanding biomolecular interactions and function as well as the quantitative analysis of analytes in a wide variety of settings. The advent of portable SPR instruments enables analyses in the field. A critical step in method development is the passivation and functionalisation of the sensor surface. We describe the assembly of a surface of thiolated oleyl ethylene glycol/biotin oleyl ethylene glycol and its functionalisation with streptavidin and reducing end biotinylated heparin for a portable SPR instrument. Such surfaces can be batch prepared and stored. Two examples of the analysis of heparin-binding proteins are presented. The binding of fibroblast growth factor 2 and competition for the binding of a heparan sulfate sulfotransferase by a library of selectively modified heparins and suramin, which identify the selectivity of the enzyme for sulfated structures in the polysaccharide and demonstrate suramin as a competitor for the enzyme’s sugar acceptor site. Heparin functionalised surfaces should have a wide applicability, since this polysaccharide is a close structural analogue of the host cell surface polysaccharide, heparan sulfate, a receptor for many endogenous proteins and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunhao Su
- Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Li
- Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Keele, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Keele, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Fernig
- Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Vasques ER, Figueira ER, Rocha-Filho JA, Lanchotte C, Ximenes JL, Nader HB, Tersariol IL, Lima MA, Rodrigues T, Cunha JE, Chaib E, D'Albuquerque LA, Galvão FH. A new heparin fragment decreases liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:190-192. [PMID: 34366197 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enio R Vasques
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Estela Rr Figueira
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joel A Rocha-Filho
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Lanchotte
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Ls Ximenes
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivarne Ls Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Em Cunha
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleazar Chaib
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Serviço de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ac D'Albuquerque
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Serviço de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Hf Galvão
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; Serviço de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Guinan M, Huang N, Hawes CS, Lima MA, Smith M, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of 4'-thio and 4'-sulfinyl pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1401-1406. [PMID: 34806745 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the canonical nucleosides required for nucleic acid synthesis have a longstanding presence and proven capability within antiviral and anticancer research. 4'-Thionucleosides, that incorporate bioisosteric replacement of furanose oxygen with sulfur, represent an important chemotype within this field. Established herein is synthetic capability towards a common 4-thioribose building block that enables access to thio-ribo and thio-arabino pyrimidine nucleosides, alongside their 4'-sulfinyl derivatives. In addition, this building block methodology is templated to deliver 4'-thio and 4'-sulfinyl analogues of the established anticancer drug gemcitabine. Cytotoxic capability of these new analogues is evaluated against human pancreatic cancer and human primary glioblastoma cell lines, with observed activities ranging from low μM to >200 μM; explanation for this reduced activity, compared to established nucleoside analogues, is yet unclear. Access to these chemotypes, with thiohemiaminal linkages, will enable a wider exploration of purine and triphosphate analogues and the application of such materials for potential resistance towards relevant hydrolytic enzymes within nucleic acid biochemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Guinan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. .,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ningwu Huang
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Chris S Hawes
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark Smith
- Riboscience LLC, 428 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. .,Centre for Glycoscience Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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13
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Schuurs ZP, Hammond E, Elli S, Rudd TR, Mycroft-West CJ, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Karlsson R, Chen YH, Bagdonaite I, Yang Z, Ahmed YA, Richard DJ, Turnbull J, Ferro V, Coombe DR, Gandhi NS. Evidence of a putative glycosaminoglycan binding site on the glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein N-terminal domain. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2806-2818. [PMID: 33968333 PMCID: PMC8093007 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread throughout the world's population since its initial discovery in 2019. The virus infects cells via a glycosylated spike protein located on its surface. The protein primarily binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as co-receptors. Here, we performed bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations of the spike protein to investigate the existence of additional GAG binding sites on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), separate from previously reported heparin-binding sites. A putative GAG binding site in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the protein was identified, encompassing residues 245-246. We hypothesized that GAGs of a sufficient length might bridge the gap between this site and the PRRARS furin cleavage site, including the mutation S247R. Docking studies using GlycoTorch Vina and subsequent MD simulations of the spike trimer in the presence of dodecasaccharides of the GAGs heparin and heparan sulfate supported this possibility. The heparan sulfate chain bridged the gap, binding the furin cleavage site and S247R. In contrast, the heparin chain bound the furin cleavage site and surrounding glycosylation structures, but not S247R. These findings identify a site in the spike protein that favors heparan sulfate binding that may be particularly pertinent for a better understanding of the recent UK and South African strains. This will also assist in future targeted therapy programs that could include repurposing clinical heparan sulfate mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P. Schuurs
- QUT, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Edward Hammond
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “G.Ronzoni”, via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Yassir A. Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Derek J. Richard
- QUT, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jeremy Turnbull
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Deirdre R. Coombe
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- QUT, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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14
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Guimond SE, Procter P, Guerrini M, Miller GJ, Fernig DG, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Glycosaminoglycans from Litopenaeus vannamei Inhibit the Alzheimer's Disease β Secretase, BACE1. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:203. [PMID: 33916819 PMCID: PMC8067017 DOI: 10.3390/md19040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only palliative therapeutic options exist for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease; no new successful drug candidates have been developed in over 15 years. The widely used clinical anticoagulant heparin has been reported to exert beneficial effects through multiple pathophysiological pathways involved in the aetiology of Alzheimer's Disease, for example, amyloid peptide production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the therapeutic potential of heparin as a multi-target drug for Alzheimer's disease, the repurposing of pharmaceutical heparin is proscribed owing to the potent anticoagulant activity of this drug. Here, a heterogenous non-anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan extract, obtained from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, was found to inhibit the key neuronal β-secretase, BACE1, displaying a more favorable therapeutic ratio compared to pharmaceutical heparin when anticoagulant activity is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Anthony J. Devlin
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Lynsay C. Cooper
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemistry, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.J.M.-W.); (A.J.D.); (L.C.C.); (P.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (D.G.F.); (E.A.Y.)
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15
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Meneghetti MCZ, Deboni P, Palomino CMV, Braga LP, Cavalheiro RP, Viana GM, Yates EA, Nader HB, Lima MA. ER-Golgi dynamics of HS-modifying enzymes via vesicular trafficking is a critical prerequisite for the delineation of HS biosynthesis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117477. [PMID: 33436240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface and extracellular matrix polysaccharide, heparan sulfate (HS) conveys chemical information to control crucial biological processes. HS chains are synthesized in a non-template driven process mainly in the Golgi apparatus, involving a large number of enzymes capable of subtly modifying its substitution pattern, hence, its interactions and biological effects. Changes in the localization of HS-modifying enzymes throughout the Golgi were found to correlate with changes in the structure of HS, rather than protein expression levels. Following BFA treatment, the HS-modifying enzymes localized preferentially in COPII vesicles and at the trans-Golgi. Shortly after heparin treatment, the HS-modifying enzyme moved from cis to trans-Golgi, which coincided with increased HS sulfation. Finally, it was shown that COPI subunits and Sec24 gene expression changed. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that knowledge of the ER-Golgi dynamics of HS-modifying enzymes via vesicular trafficking is a critical prerequisite for the complete delineation of HS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Paula Deboni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Carlos M V Palomino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz P Braga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Renan P Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Viana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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16
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Tree JA, Turnbull JE, Buttigieg KR, Elmore MJ, Coombes N, Hogwood J, Mycroft-West CJ, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Karlsson R, Chen YH, Yang Z, Spalluto CM, Staples KJ, Yates EA, Gray E, Singh D, Wilkinson T, Page CP, Carroll MW. Unfractionated heparin inhibits live wild type SARS-CoV-2 cell infectivity at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 33125711 DOI: 10.1111/bph.v178.310.1111/bph.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, there are no licensed vaccines and limited antivirals for the treatment of COVID-19. Heparin (delivered systemically) is currently used to treat anticoagulant anomalies in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, in the United Kingdom, Brazil and Australia, nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH) is being trialled in COVID-19 patients as a potential treatment. A systematic comparison of the potential antiviral effect of various heparin preparations on live wild type SARS-CoV-2, in vitro, is needed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Seven different heparin preparations including UFH and low MW heparins (LMWH) of porcine or bovine origin were screened for antiviral activity against live SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020) using a plaque inhibition assay with Vero E6 cells. Interaction of heparin with spike protein RBD was studied using differential scanning fluorimetry and the inhibition of RBD binding to human ACE2 protein using elisa assays was examined. KEY RESULTS All the UFH preparations had potent antiviral effects, with IC50 values ranging between 25 and 41 μg·ml-1 , whereas LMWHs were less inhibitory by ~150-fold (IC50 range 3.4-7.8 mg·ml-1 ). Mechanistically, we observed that heparin binds and destabilizes the RBD protein and furthermore, we show heparin directly inhibits the binding of RBD to the human ACE2 protein receptor. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This comparison of clinically relevant heparins shows that UFH has significantly stronger SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity compared to LMWHs. UFH acts to directly inhibit binding of spike protein to the human ACE2 protein receptor. Overall, the data strongly support further clinical investigation of UFH as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - John Hogwood
- Haemostasis Section, Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK
| | - Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karl J Staples
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elaine Gray
- Haemostasis Section, Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Wilkinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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17
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Chiarantin GMD, Delgado-Garcia LM, Zamproni LN, Lima MA, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS, Porcionatto M. Neuroprotective effect of heparin Trisulfated disaccharide on ischemic stroke. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:35-43. [PMID: 33411076 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells undergoing hypoxia experience intense cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) overload. High concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) can trigger cell death in the neural tissue, a hallmark of stroke. Neural Ca2+ homeostasis involves regulation by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Previous data published by our group showed that a product of the enzymatic depolymerization of heparin by heparinase, the unsaturated trisulfated disaccharide (TD; ΔU, 2S-GlcNS, 6S), can accelerate Na+/Ca2+ exchange via NCX, in hepatocytes and aorta vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify whether TD could act as a neuroprotective agent able to prevent neuronal cell death by reducing [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment of N2a cells with TD reduced [Ca2+]i rise induced by thapsigargin and increased cell viability under [Ca2+]I overload conditions and in hypoxia. Using a murine model of stroke, we observed that pretreatment with TD decreased cerebral infarct volume and cell death. However, when mice received KB-R7943, an NCX blocker, the neuroprotective effect of TD was abolished, strongly suggesting that this neuroprotection requires a functional NCX to happen. Thus, we propose TD-NCX as a new therapeutic axis for the prevention of neuronal death induced by [Ca2+]i overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielly M D Chiarantin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lina M Delgado-Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura N Zamproni
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marimélia Porcionatto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Farias RL, Polez AMR, Silva DES, Zanetti RD, Moreira MB, Batista VS, Reis BL, Nascimento-Júnior NM, Rocha FV, Lima MA, Oliveira AB, Ellena J, Scarim CB, Zambom CR, Brito LD, Garrido SS, Melo APL, Bresolin L, Tirloni B, Pereira JCM, Netto AVG. In vitro and in silico assessment of antitumor properties and biomolecular binding studies for two new complexes based on Ni II bearing k 2N,S-donor ligands. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 121:111815. [PMID: 33579459 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with two new molecule-based materials, namely NiII-complexes of general formulae [Ni(L1)2] (Ni1) and [Ni(L2)2] (Ni2), where L1 = trans-cinnamaldehyde-N(4)-methyl thiosemicarbazone and L2 = trans-cinnamaldehyde-N(4)-ethyl thiosemicarbazone, as potential antitumor agents. Both compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and NMR). Their molecular structures were obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Each one crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P 21/c, also the asymmetric unit comprises of one NiII ion located on an inversion centre and one anionic ligand, which acts as a κ2N,S-donor affording a five-membered metallaring. The compounds were screened against two selected tumour cell lines (MCF-7 and A549) and non-tumour fibroblasts cell line (MRC-5) via MTT assays. In both tumour cells, all compounds exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the control drug (cisplatin). The IC50 values ranges of 3.70 - 41.37 μM and 1.06 - 14.91 μM were found for MCF-7 and A549, respectively. Importantly, all of them were less toxicity than cisplatin in MRC-5 with SI values ranged at 11.80 - 86.60. The red blood cell (RBC) assay revealed Ni2 as non-toxic due to its reduced haemolytic effect (0--9% at 1--10 μM). The DNA binding was investigated through a combination of spectrophotometric absorption and emission titrations, electrophoresis, and circular dichroism experiments. As a result, these metal complexes were not able to strongly binding to DNA (Kb values ~104 mol L--1) but suggesting groove-binding interactions. The scavenging ability of them towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical was also evaluated in this work, but no important antioxidant behaviour was detected. Further, the interaction of Ni1 and Ni2 to human serum albumin (HSA) was explored by quenching of tryptophan emission, warfarin competitive assay, and molecular docking protocols. The HSA binding analyses indicated good affinity of both complexes to Sudlow site I (Kb values ⁓103 mol L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Farias
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - A M R Polez
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - D E S Silva
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - R D Zanetti
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - M B Moreira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil; Univ. Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Química, Londrina, Brazil
| | - V S Batista
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Medicinal, Síntese Orgânica e Modelagem Molecular (LaQMedSOMM), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - B L Reis
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Medicinal, Síntese Orgânica e Modelagem Molecular (LaQMedSOMM), Araraquara, Brazil; Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - N M Nascimento-Júnior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Medicinal, Síntese Orgânica e Modelagem Molecular (LaQMedSOMM), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - F V Rocha
- Univ. Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Química, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - M A Lima
- Univ. Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Química, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - A B Oliveira
- Univ. Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Departamento de Química, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - J Ellena
- Univ. de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - C B Scarim
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - C R Zambom
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - L D Brito
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - S S Garrido
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A P L Melo
- Univ. Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L Bresolin
- Univ. Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - B Tirloni
- Univ. Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - J C M Pereira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A V G Netto
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Físico-Química e Inorgânica, Araraquara, Brazil
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19
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Tree JA, Turnbull JE, Buttigieg KR, Elmore MJ, Coombes N, Hogwood J, Mycroft-West CJ, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Karlsson R, Chen YH, Yang Z, Spalluto CM, Staples KJ, Yates EA, Gray E, Singh D, Wilkinson T, Page CP, Carroll MW. Unfractionated heparin inhibits live wild type SARS-CoV-2 cell infectivity at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:626-635. [PMID: 33125711 PMCID: PMC9328389 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, there are no licensed vaccines and limited antivirals for the treatment of COVID-19. Heparin (delivered systemically) is currently used to treat anticoagulant anomalies in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, in the United Kingdom, Brazil and Australia, nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH) is being trialled in COVID-19 patients as a potential treatment. A systematic comparison of the potential antiviral effect of various heparin preparations on live wild type SARS-CoV-2, in vitro, is needed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Seven different heparin preparations including UFH and low MW heparins (LMWH) of porcine or bovine origin were screened for antiviral activity against live SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020) using a plaque inhibition assay with Vero E6 cells. Interaction of heparin with spike protein RBD was studied using differential scanning fluorimetry and the inhibition of RBD binding to human ACE2 protein using elisa assays was examined. KEY RESULTS All the UFH preparations had potent antiviral effects, with IC50 values ranging between 25 and 41 μg·ml-1 , whereas LMWHs were less inhibitory by ~150-fold (IC50 range 3.4-7.8 mg·ml-1 ). Mechanistically, we observed that heparin binds and destabilizes the RBD protein and furthermore, we show heparin directly inhibits the binding of RBD to the human ACE2 protein receptor. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This comparison of clinically relevant heparins shows that UFH has significantly stronger SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity compared to LMWHs. UFH acts to directly inhibit binding of spike protein to the human ACE2 protein receptor. Overall, the data strongly support further clinical investigation of UFH as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - John Hogwood
- Haemostasis Section, Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK
| | - Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karl J Staples
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elaine Gray
- Haemostasis Section, Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK.,Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Wilkinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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20
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Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 PMCID: PMC7869224 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C. Z. Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M. Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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21
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Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.066761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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22
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Mycroft-West CJ, Devlin AJ, Cooper LC, Procter P, Miller GJ, Fernig DG, Guerrini M, Guimond SE, Lima MA, Yates EA, Skidmore MA. Inhibition of BACE1, the β-secretase implicated in Alzheimer's disease, by a chondroitin sulfate extract from Sardina pilchardus. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1546-1553. [PMID: 31997821 PMCID: PMC7059579 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical and anticoagulant agent heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates, has previously been identified as a potent inhibitor of a key Alzheimer's disease drug target, the primary neuronal β-secretase, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). The anticoagulant activity of heparin has, however, precluded the repurposing of this widely used pharmaceutical as an Alzheimer's disease therapeutic. Here, a glycosaminoglycan extract, composed predominantly of 4-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, has been isolated from Sardina pilchardus, which possess the ability to inhibit BACE1 (IC50 [half maximal inhibitory concentration] = 4.8 μg/mL), while displaying highly attenuated anticoagulant activities (activated partial thromboplastin time EC50 [median effective concentration] = 403.8 μg/mL, prothrombin time EC50 = 1.3 mg/mL). The marine-derived, chondroitin sulfate extract destabilizes BACE1, determined via differential scanning fluorimetry (ΔTm -5°C), to a similar extent as heparin, suggesting that BACE1 inhibition by glycosaminoglycans may occur through a common mode of action, which may assist in the screening of glycan-based BACE1 inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Anthony J. Devlin
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Lynsay C. Cooper
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark Andrew Skidmore
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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23
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Brito AS, Cavalcante RS, Cavalheiro RP, Palhares LC, Nobre LT, Andrade GP, Nader HB, Lima MA, Chavante SF. Anti-IIa activity and antitumor properties of a hybrid heparin/heparan sulfate-like compound from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1470-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Vasques ER, Cunha JEM, Kubrusly MS, Coelho AM, Sanpietri SN, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS, Lima MA, Chaib E, D'Albuquerque LAC. THE M-RNA, EXPRESSION OF SERCA2 AND NCX1 IN THE PROCESS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL CELL PROTECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS INDUCED BY TAUROCHOLATE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:e1352. [PMID: 29947686 PMCID: PMC6049993 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intracellular calcium overload is known to be a precipitating factor of pancreatic cell injury in acute pancreatitis (AP). Intracellular calcium homeostasis depends of Plasmatic Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA), Sarcoplasmic Endothelial Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA 2) and the Sodium Calcium Exchanger (NCX1). The antioxidant melatonin (Mel) and Trisulfate Disaccharide (TD) that accelerates NCX1 action could reduce the cell damage determined by the AP. Aim: To evaluate m-RNA expressions of SERCA2 and NCX1 in acute pancreatitis induced by sodium taurocholate in Wistar rats pre-treated with melatonin and/or TD. Methods: Wistar rats were divided in groups: 1) without AP; 2) AP without pre-treatment; 3) AP and Melatonin; 4) AP and TD; 5) AP and Melatonin associated to TD. Pancreatic tissue samples were collected for detection of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-R NA levels by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2 in the melatonin treated group, without increase of m-RNA expression of the NCX1. The TD did not affect levels of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-RNA expressions. The combined melatonin and TD treatment reduced the m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Conclusions: The effect of melatonin is restricted to increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Although TD does not affect gene expression, its action in accelerating calcium exchanger function can explain the slightest expression of SERCA2 m-RNA when associated with Melatonin, perhaps by a joint action of drugs with different and but possibly complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
| | - Sandra N Sanpietri
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
| | - Helena B Nader
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eleazar Chaib
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
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25
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de Godoy CMG, Vasques ÊR, Caricati-Neto A, Tavares JGP, Alves BJ, Duarte J, Miranda-Ferreira R, Lima MA, Nader HB, Tersariol ILDS. Heparin Oligosaccharides Have Antiarrhythmic Effect by Accelerating the Sodium-Calcium Exchanger. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:67. [PMID: 29930947 PMCID: PMC5999778 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blockage of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is used to determine the role of NCX in arrhythmogenesis. Trisulfated heparin disaccharide (TD) and Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) can directly interact with the NCX and accelerate its activity. Objective: In this work, we investigated the antiarrhythmic effect of heparin oligosaccharides related to the NCX activity. Methods: The effects of heparin oligosaccharides were tested on the NCX current (patch clamping) and intracellular calcium transient in rat cardiomyocytes. The effects of heparin oligosaccharides were further investigated in arrhythmia induced in isolated rat atria and rats in vivo. Results: The intracellular Ca2+ concentration decreases upon treatment with either enoxaparin or ardeparin. These drugs abolished arrhythmia induction in isolated atria. The NCX antagonist KB-R7943 abolished the enoxaparin or ardeparin antiarrhythmic effects in isolated atria. In the in vivo measurements, injection of TD 15 min both before coronary occlusion or immediately after reperfusion, significantly prevented the occurrence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias (ventricular arrhythmia and total AV block) and reduced the lethality rate. The patch clamping experiments showed that, mechanistically, TD increases the forward mode NCX current. Conclusion: Together, the data shows that heparin oligosaccharides may constitute a new class of antiarrhythmic drug that acts by accelerating the forward mode NCX under calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M G de Godoy
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ênio R Vasques
- Department of Gastroenterology (LIM 37), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José G P Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz J Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L Dos Santos Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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26
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Meneghetti MCZ, Gesteira Ferreira T, Tashima AK, Chavante SF, Yates EA, Liu J, Nader HB, Lima MA. Insights into the role of 3-O-sulfotransferase in heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6792-6799. [PMID: 28770943 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3-O-Sulfotransferase enzyme (sHS) from Litopenaeus vannamei was cloned and its substrate specificity was investigated against a number of GAG structures, including modified heparin polysaccharides and model oligosaccharides. For the heparin polysaccharides, derived from porcine intestinal mucosa heparin, sulfate groups were incorporated into glucosamine residues containing both N-sulfated and N-acetylated substitution within the regions of the predominant repeating disaccharide, either I-ANS or I-ANAc. However, the resulting polysaccharides did not stabilize antithrombin, which is correlated with anticoagulant activity. It was also shown that the enzyme was able to sulfate disaccharides, I2S-ANS and G-ANAc. The results further illustrate that 3-O-sulfation can be induced outside of the classical heparin-binding pentasaccharide sequence, show that 3-O-sulfation of glucosamine is not a sufficient condition for antithrombin stabilization and suggest that the use of this enzyme during HS biosynthesis may not occur as the final enzymatic step.
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27
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Ghezzi S, Cooper L, Rubio A, Pagani I, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Pelletier J, Meneghetti MCZ, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Broccoli V, Yates EA, Vicenzi E. Heparin prevents Zika virus induced-cytopathic effects in human neural progenitor cells. Antiviral Res 2017; 140:13-17. [PMID: 28063994 PMCID: PMC7113768 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak, which mainly affected Brazil and neighbouring states, demonstrated the paucity of information concerning the epidemiology of several flaviruses, but also highlighted the lack of available agents with which to treat such emerging diseases. Here, we show that heparin, a widely used anticoagulant, while exerting a modest inhibitory effect on Zika Virus replication, fully prevents virus-induced cell death of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Recent outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil included widespread neurological effects. One approach to tackling emerging infection is to re-purpose existing pharmaceuticals. The anticoagulant, heparin, inhibits infection weakly, but completely prevents cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghezzi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Lynsay Cooper
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Alicia Rubio
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Isabel Pagani
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, Milano 20132, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Pelletier
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquito Filho, Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Vania Broccoli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, Milano 20132, Italy
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28
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Cavalheiro RP, Lima MA, Jarrouge-Bouças TR, Viana GM, Lopes CC, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Dreyfuss JL, Yates EA, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. Coupling of vinculin to F-actin demands Syndecan-4 proteoglycan. Matrix Biol 2017; 63:23-37. [PMID: 28062282 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Syndecans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans characterized as transmembrane receptors that act cooperatively with the cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins. Syn4 knockdown was performed in order to address its role in endothelial cells (EC) behavior. Normal EC and shRNA-Syn4-EC cells were studied comparatively using complementary confocal, super-resolution and non-linear microscopic techniques. Confocal and super-resolution microscopy revealed that Syn4 knockdown alters the level and arrangement of essential proteins for focal adhesion, evidenced by the decoupling of vinculin from F-actin filaments. Furthermore, Syn4 knockdown alters the actin network leading to filopodial protrusions connected by VE-cadherin-rich junction. shRNA-Syn4-EC showed reduced adhesion and increased migration. Also, Syn4 silencing alters cell cycle as well as cell proliferation. Moreover, the ability of EC to form tube-like structures in matrigel is reduced when Syn4 is silenced. Together, the results suggest a mechanism in which Syndecan-4 acts as a central mediator that bridges fibronectin, integrin and intracellular components (actin and vinculin) and once silenced, the cytoskeleton protein network is disrupted. Ultimately, the results highlight Syn4 relevance for balanced cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Cavalheiro
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Lima
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T R Jarrouge-Bouças
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G M Viana
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C C Lopes
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - V J Coulson-Thomas
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; University of Houston, College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), Houston, USA
| | - J L Dreyfuss
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Ciências Exatas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E A Yates
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I L S Tersariol
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H B Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- ICN Gadelha
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil
| | - MA Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil
| | - MM Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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30
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Lima MA, Cavalheiro RP, M Viana G, Meneghetti MCZ, Rudd TR, Skidmore MA, Powell AK, Yates EA. 19F labelled glycosaminoglycan probes for solution NMR and non-linear (CARS) microscopy. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:405-410. [PMID: 27523650 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying polysaccharide-protein interactions under physiological conditions by conventional techniques is challenging. Ideally, macromolecules could be followed by both in vitro spectroscopy experiments as well as in tissues using microscopy, to enable a proper comparison of results over these different scales but, often, this is not feasible. The cell surface and extracellular matrix polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) lack groups that can be detected selectively in the biological milieu. The introduction of 19F labels into GAG polysaccharides is explored and the interaction of a labelled GAG with the heparin-binding protein, antithrombin, employing 19F NMR spectroscopy is followed. Furthermore, the ability of 19F labelled GAGs to be imaged using CARS microscopy is demonstrated. 19F labelled GAGs enable both 19F NMR protein-GAG binding studies in solution at the molecular level and non-linear microscopy at a microscopic scale to be conducted on the same material, essentially free of background signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
| | - Renan P Cavalheiro
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- The National Institute of Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Andrew K Powell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Stewart KL, Hughes E, Yates EA, Akien GR, Huang TY, Lima MA, Rudd TR, Guerrini M, Hung SC, Radford SE, Middleton DA. Atomic Details of the Interactions of Glycosaminoglycans with Amyloid-β Fibrils. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8328-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Stewart
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleri Hughes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R. Akien
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Três
de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Via G. Colombo 81, Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Middleton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them. The properties that have been thought to bestow protein binding and biological activity upon HS and heparin vary from high levels of sequence specificity to a dependence on charge. In contrast to these opposing opinions, we will argue that the evidence supports both a level of redundancy and a degree of selectivity in the structure-activity relationship. The relationship between this apparent redundancy, the multi-dentate nature of heparin and HS polysaccharide chains, their involvement in protein networks and the multiple binding sites on proteins, each possessing different properties, will also be considered. Finally, the role of cations in modulating HS/heparin activity will be reviewed and some of the implications for structure-activity relationships and regulation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Ashley J Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QC, UK Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Andrew K Powell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, São Paulo 40440-020, Brazil Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Moura GEDD, Lucena SV, Lima MA, Nascimento FD, Gesteira TF, Nader HB, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Tersariol ILS. P2X7 receptor activity regulation: the role of CD44 proteoglycan GAG chains. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1997. [PMID: 26610209 PMCID: PMC4670943 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G E D D Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S V Lucena
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F D Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Biomateriais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T F Gesteira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Research, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I L S Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vicente CM, Lima MA, Nader HB, Toma L. SULF2 overexpression positively regulates tumorigenicity of human prostate cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:25. [PMID: 25887999 PMCID: PMC4374423 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background SULF2 is a 6-O-endosulfatase which removes 6-O sulfate residues from N-glucosamine present on heparan sulfate (HS). The sulfation pattern of HS influences signaling events mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) located on cell surface, which are critical for the interactions with growth factors and their receptors. Alterations in SULF2 expression have been identified in the context of several cancer types but its function in cancer is still unclear where the precise molecular mechanism involved has not been fully deciphered. To further investigate SULF2 role in tumorigenesis, we overexpressed such gene in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods The normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 and the prostate cancer cells DU-145, and PC3 were transfected with SULF2-expressing plasmid pcDNA3.1/Myc-His(−)-Hsulf-2. Transfected cells were then submitted to viability, migration and colony formation assays. Results Transfection of DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells with SULF2 resulted in increased viability, which did not occur with normal prostate cells. The effect was reverted by the knockdown of SULF2 using specific siRNAs. Furthermore, forced expression of SULF2 augmented cell migration and colony formation in both prostate cell lines. Detailed structural analysis of HS from cells overexpressing SULF2 showed a reduction of the trisulfated disaccharide UA(2S)-GlcNS(6S). There was an increase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and an increase in WNT signaling pathway. Conclusions These results indicate that SULF2 have a pro-tumorigenic effect in DU-145 and PC3 cancer cells, suggesting an important role of this enzyme in prostatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Vicente
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - 4° andar, Vila Clementino, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - 4° andar, Vila Clementino, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Helena B Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - 4° andar, Vila Clementino, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leny Toma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - 4° andar, Vila Clementino, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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35
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Heparan sulfate endosulfatase-1 and -2 (SULF1 and SULF2) are two important extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases that remove 6-O sulfate groups of N-glucosamine along heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan chains often found in the extracellular matrix. The HS sulfation pattern influences signaling events at the cell surface, which are critical for interactions with growth factors and their receptors. SULFs are overexpressed in several types of human tumors, but their role in cancer is still unclear because their molecular mechanism has not been fully explored and understood. To further investigate the functions of these sulfatases in tumorigenesis, stable overexpression models of these genes were generated in the colorectal cancer cells, Caco-2 and HCT-116. Importantly, mimicking overexpression of these sulfatases resulted in increased viability and proliferation, and augmented cell migration. These effects were reverted by shRNA-mediated knockdown of SULF1 or SULF2 and by the addition of unfractionated heparin. Detailed structural analysis of HS from cells overexpressing SULFs showed reduction in the trisulfated disaccharide UA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) and corresponding increase in UA(2S)-GlcNS disaccharide, as well as an unexpected rise in less common disaccharides containing GlcNAc(6S) residues. Moreover, cancer cells transfected with SULFs demonstrated increased Wnt signaling. In summary, SULF1 or SULF2 overexpression contributes to colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. IMPLICATIONS This study reveals that sulfatases have oncogenic effects in colon cancer cells, suggesting an important role for these enzymes in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Vicente
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helena B Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leny Toma
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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36
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Córdula CR, Lima MA, Shinjo SK, Gesteira TF, Pol-Fachin L, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Verli H, Yates EA, Rudd TR, Pinhal MAS, Toma L, Dietrich CP, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS. On the catalytic mechanism of polysaccharide lyases: evidence of His and Tyr involvement in heparin lysis by heparinase I and the role of Ca2+. Mol Biosyst 2014; 10:54-64. [PMID: 24232366 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structurally diverse polysaccharide lyase enzymes are distributed from plants to animals but share common catalytic mechanisms. One, heparinase I (F. heparinum), is employed in the production of the major anticoagulant drug, low molecular weight heparin, and is a mainstay of cell surface proteoglycan analysis. We demonstrate that heparinase I specificity and efficiency depend on the cationic form of the substrate. Ca(2+)-heparin, in which α-L-iduronate-2-O-sulfate residues adopt (1)C4 conformation preferentially, is a substrate, while Na(+)-heparin is an inhibitor. His and Tyr residues are identified in the catalytic step and a model based on molecular dynamics and docking is proposed, in which deprotonated His203 initiates β-elimination by abstracting the C5 proton of the α-L-iduonate-2-O-sulfate residue in the substrate, and protonated Tyr357 provides the donor to the hexosamine leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Córdula
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Três de Maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Justo GZ, Suarez ER, Melo C, Lima MA, Nader HB, Pinhal MAS. From Combinatorial Display Techniques to Microarray Technology: New Approaches to the Development and Toxicological Profiling of Targeted Nanomedicines. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Gesteira TF, Pol-Fachin L, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Lima MA, Verli H, Nader HB. Insights into the N-sulfation mechanism: molecular dynamics simulations of the N-sulfotransferase domain of NDST1 and mutants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70880. [PMID: 23940657 PMCID: PMC3733922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfation patterns along glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains dictate their functional role. The N-deacetylase N-sulfotransferase family (NDST) catalyzes the initial downstream modification of heparan sulfate and heparin chains by removing acetyl groups from subsets of N-acetylglucosamine units and, subsequently, sulfating the residual free amino groups. These enzymes transfer the sulfuryl group from 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), yielding sulfated sugar chains and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP). For the N-sulfotransferase domain of NDST1, Lys833 has been implicated to play a role in holding the substrate glycan moiety close to the PAPS cofactor. Additionally, Lys833 together with His716 interact with the sulfonate group, stabilizing the transition state. Such a role seems to be shared by Lys614 through donation of a proton to the bridging oxygen of the cofactor, thereby acting as a catalytic acid. However, the relevance of these boundary residues at the hydrophobic cleft is still unclear. Moreover, whether Lys833, His716 and Lys614 play a role in both glycan recognition and glycan sulfation remains elusive. In this study we evaluate the contribution of NDST mutants (Lys833, His716 and Lys614) to dynamical effects during sulfate transfer using comprehensive combined docking and essential dynamics. In addition, the binding location of the glycan moiety, PAPS and PAP within the active site of NDST1 throughout the sulfate transfer were determined by intermediate state analysis. Furthermore, NDST1 mutants unveiled Lys833 as vital for both the glycan binding and subsequent N-sulfotransferase activity of NDST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsis F Gesteira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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39
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Andrade GPV, Lima MA, de Souza Junior AA, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt DA, Santos EA, Chavante SF, Oliveira FW, Rocha HAO, Nader HB. A heparin-like compound isolated from a marine crab rich in glucuronic acid 2-O-sulfate presents low anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:647-54. [PMID: 23544586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A natural heparin-like compound isolated from the crab Goniopsis cruentata was structurally characterized and its anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities were determined. Enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that its structure is rich in disulfated disaccharides, possessing significant amounts of 2-O-sulfated-β-D-glucuronic acid units. Furthermore, low amounts of trisulfated disaccharide units containing 2-O-sulfated-α-L-iduronic acid were detected, when compared to mammalian heparin. In addition, this heparin-like structure showed negligible in vitro anticoagulant activity and low bleeding potency, facts that make it a suitable candidate for the development of structure-driven, heparin based therapeutic agents with fewer undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna P V Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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40
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Lima MA, Viskov C, Herman F, Gray AL, de Farias EHC, Cavalheiro RP, Sassaki GL, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Nader HB. Ultra-low-molecular-weight heparins: precise structural features impacting specific anticoagulant activities. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:471-8. [PMID: 23329070 DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-low-molecular-weight heparins (ULMWHs) with better efficacy and safety ratios are under development; however, there are few structural data available. The main structural features and molecular weight of ULMWHs were studied and compared to enoxaparin. Their monosaccharide composition and average molecular weights were determined and preparations studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning ultraviolet spectroscopy, circular dichroism and gel permeation chromatography. In general, ULMWHs presented higher 3-O-sulphated glucosamine and unsaturated uronic acid residues, the latter being comparable with their higher degree of depolymerisation. The analysis showed that ULMWHs are structurally related to LMWHs; however, their monosaccharide/oligosaccharide compositions and average molecular weights differed considerably explaining their different anticoagulant activities. The results relate structural features to activity, assisting the development of new and improved therapeutic agents, based on depolymerised heparin, for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Lima
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
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Lima MA, Hughes AJ, Veraldi N, Rudd TR, Hussain R, Brito AS, Chavante SF, Tersariol II, Siligardi G, Nader HB, Yates EA. Antithrombin stabilisation by sulfated carbohydrates correlates with anticoagulant activity. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Paredes-Gamero EJ, Medeiros VP, Lima MA, Accardo CM, Farias EHC, Sassaki GI, Campana PT, Miranda A, Ferreira AT, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. Chemical reduction of carboxyl groups in heparin abolishes its vasodilatory activity. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1359-67. [PMID: 22134887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that heparin induces vascular relaxation via integrin-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the muscarinic receptor. The aim of this study was to identify the structural features of heparin that are necessary for the induction of vasodilatation. To address this issue, we tested heparin from various sources for their vasodilatation activities in the rat aorta ring. Structural and chemical characteristics of heparin, such as its molecular weight and substitution pattern, did not show a direct correlation with the vasodilation activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) of circular dichroism (CD), (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vasodilation activity measurements confirmed that there is no direct relationship between the physico-chemical nature and vasodilation activity of the tested heparin samples. To further understand these observations, unfractionated heparin (UFH) from bovine intestinal mucosa, which showed the highest relaxation effect, was chemically modified. Interestingly, non-specific O- and N-desulfation of heparin reduced its anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and antihemostatic activities, but had no effect on its ability to induce vasodilation. On the other hand, chemical reduction of the carboxyl groups abolished heparin-induced vasodilation and reduced the affinity of heparin toward the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, dextran and dextran sulfate (linear non-sulfated and highly sulfated polysaccharides, respectively) did not induce significant relaxation, showing that the vasodilation activity of polysaccharides is neither charge-dependent nor backbone unspecific. Our results suggest that desulfated heparin molecules may be used as vasoactive agents due to their low side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Bouças RI, Jarrouge-Bouças TR, Lima MA, Trindade ES, Moraes FA, Cavalheiro RP, Tersariol IL, Hoppenstead D, Fareed J, Nader HB. Glycosaminoglycan backbone is not required for the modulation of hemostasis: Effect of different heparin derivatives and non-glycosaminoglycan analogs. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Sassaki GL, Riter DS, Santana Filho AP, Guerrini M, Lima MA, Cosentino C, Souza LM, Cipriani TR, Rudd TR, Nader HB, Yates EA, Gorin PAJ, Torri G, Iacomini M. A robust method to quantify low molecular weight contaminants in heparin: detection of tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Analyst 2011; 136:2330-8. [PMID: 21494716 DOI: 10.1039/c0an01010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) was identified in contaminated heparin preparations, which were linked to several adverse clinical events and deaths. Orthogonal analytical techniques, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), have since been applied by several authors for the evaluation of heparin purity and safety. NMR identification and quantification of residual solvents and non-volatile low molecular contaminants with USP acceptance levels of toxicity was achieved 40-fold faster than the traditional GC-headspace technique, which takes ~120 min against ~3 min to obtain a (1)H NMR spectrum with a signal/noise ratio of at least 1000/1. The procedure allowed detection of Class 1 residual solvents at 2 ppm and quantification was possible above 10 ppm. 2D NMR techniques (edited-HSQC (1)H/(13)C) permitted visualization of otherwise masked EDTA signals at 3.68/59.7 ppm and 3.34/53.5 ppm, which may be overlapping mononuclear heparin signals, or those of ethanol and methanol. Detailed NMR and ESI-MS/MS studies revealed a hitherto unknown contaminant, tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), which has potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP: 81531-980, Brazil
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Rudd TR, Gaudesi D, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Mulloy B, Torri G, Nader HB, Guerrini M, Yates EA. High-sensitivity visualisation of contaminants in heparin samples by spectral filtering of 1H NMR spectra. Analyst 2011; 136:1390-8. [PMID: 21279244 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00835d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel application of two-dimensional correlation analysis has been employed to filter (1)H NMR heparin spectra distinguishing acceptable natural variation and the presence of foreign species. Analysis of contaminated heparin samples, compared to a dataset of accepted heparin samples using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis of their 1-dimensional (1)H NMR spectra, allowed the spectral features of contaminants to be recovered with high sensitivity, without having to resort to more complicated NMR experiments. Contaminants, which exhibited features distinct from those of heparin and those with features normally hidden within the spectral mass of heparin could be distinguished readily. A heparin sample which had been pre-mixed with a known contaminant, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), was tested against the heparin reference library. It was possible to recover the (1)H NMR spectrum of the OSCS component through difference 2D-COS power spectrum analysis of as little as 0.25% (w/w) with ease, and of 2% (w/w) for more challenging contaminants, whose NMR signals fell under those of heparin. The approach shows great promise for the quality control of heparin and provides the basis for greatly improved regulatory control for the analysis of heparin, as well as other intrinsically heterogeneous and varied products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rudd
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81 Milano 20133, Italy
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Lima MA, Rudd TR, de Farias EHC, Ebner LF, Gesteira TF, de Souza LM, Mendes A, Córdula CR, Martins JRM, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Sassaki GL, Yates EA, Tersariol ILS, Nader HB. A new approach for heparin standardization: combination of scanning UV spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and principal component analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15970. [PMID: 21267460 PMCID: PMC3022730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2007 was marked by widespread adverse clinical responses to heparin use, leading to a global recall of potentially affected heparin batches in 2008. Several analytical methods have since been developed to detect impurities in heparin preparations; however, many are costly and dependent on instrumentation with only limited accessibility. A method based on a simple UV-scanning assay, combined with principal component analysis (PCA), was developed to detect impurities, such as glycosaminoglycans, other complex polysaccharides and aromatic compounds, in heparin preparations. Results were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. This approach provides an additional, sensitive tool to determine heparin purity and safety, even when NMR spectroscopy failed, requiring only standard laboratory equipment and computing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo H. C. de Farias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lyvia F. Ebner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarsis F. Gesteira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro M. de Souza
- Laboratório de Química de Carboidratos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina R. Córdula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João R. M. Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guilherme L. Sassaki
- Laboratório de Química de Carboidratos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ivarne L. S. Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Lima MA, Bernal-Cano F, Clifford DB, Gandhi RT, Koralnik IJ. Clinical outcome of long-term survivors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81:1288-91. [PMID: 20710013 PMCID: PMC3077967 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.179002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the brain caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) in immunosuppressed people. There is no cure for PML but 1-year survival has increased from 10% to 50% in HIV-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. We describe herein the clinical outcome of 24 PML patients whose survival exceeded 5 years, with a mean follow-up of 94.2 months (range, 60-188 months). Of all patients, only two were females including one who had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and was HIV negative. All 23 HIV-positive patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy, and additional experimental therapies were not associated with a better clinical outcome. Marked neurological improvement occurred in 4/24 (17%) of patients, while 11/24 (46%) had partial improvement and 9/24 (37%) remained stable. By the end of the period of observation, 8/24 (33%) of patients had no significant disability despite persistent symptoms (modified Rankin disability scale (MRDS) =1), 6/24 (25%) had slight disability and were living independently (MRDS=2), 5/24 (21%) were moderately disabled, requiring some help during activities of daily living (MRDS=3) and 5/24 (21%) had moderately severe disability, requiring constant help or institutionalisation (MRDS=4). Patients with cerebellar lesions tended to have a worse clinical outcome. MRI showed leukomalacia with ventricular enlargement secondary to destruction of the white matter at the site of previous PML lesions, and focal areas of subcortical atrophy with preservation of the cortical ribbon. Of 20 patients tested, 19(95%) had detectable CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against JCV in their blood. In absence of a specific treatment, immunotherapies aiming at boosting the cellular immune response against JCV may improve the prognosis of PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA 02215, USA
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Dreyfuss JL, Regatieri CV, Lima MA, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Brito AS, Chavante SF, Belfort R, Farah ME, Nader HB. A heparin mimetic isolated from a marine shrimp suppresses neovascularization. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1828-37. [PMID: 20492474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the main cause of severe visual loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Heparin/heparan sulfate are known to play important roles in neovascularization due to their abilities to bind and modulate angiogenic growth factors and cytokines. Previously, we have isolated from marine shrimp a heparin-like compound with striking anti-inflammatory action and negligible anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of this novel heparin-like compound in angiogenic processes. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-angiogenic effect of this heparinoid in laser-induced CNV and in vitro models is reported. The compound binds to growth factors (FGF-2, EGF and VEGF), blocks endothelial cell proliferation and shows no cytotoxic effect. The decrease in proliferation is not related to cell death either by apoptosis or secondary necrosis. The results also showed that the heparinoid modified the 2-D network organization in capillary-like structures of endothelial cells in Matrigel and reduced the CNV area. The effect on CNV area correlates with decreases in the levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 in the choroidal tissue. The low content of 2-O-sulfate groups in this heparinoid may explain its potent anti-angiogenic effect. CONCLUSIONS The properties of the shrimp heparinoid, such as potent anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities but insignificant anticoagulant or hemorrhagic actions, point to this compound as a compelling drug candidate for treating neovascular AMD and other angioproliferative diseases. A mechanism for the anti-angiogenic effect of the heparinoid is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dreyfuss
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Brito AS, Arimatéia DS, Souza LR, Lima MA, Santos VO, Medeiros VP, Ferreira PA, Silva RA, Ferreira CV, Justo GZ, Leite EL, Andrade GPV, Oliveira FW, Nader HB, Chavante SF. Anti-inflammatory properties of a heparin-like glycosaminoglycan with reduced anti-coagulant activity isolated from a marine shrimp. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9588-95. [PMID: 18835720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of a heparin-like compound from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are related. Besides reducing significantly (p<0.001) the influx of inflammatory cells to injury site in a model of acute inflammation, shrimp heparin-like compound was able to reduce the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activity in the peritoneal lavage of inflamed animals. Moreover, this compound also reduced almost 90% the activity of MMP-9 secreted by human activated leukocytes. Negligible anti-coagulant activities in aPPT assay and a poor bleeding potential make this compound a better alternative than mammalian heparin as a possible anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Campus Universitario, Natal, RN, Brazil
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