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Alonso-Jauregui M, González-Peñas E, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A. Genotoxicity of 12 Mycotoxins by the SOS/umu Test: Comparison of Liver and Kidney S9 Fraction. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:400. [PMID: 35737061 PMCID: PMC9228656 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver S9 fraction is usually employed in mutagenicity/genotoxicity in vitro assays, but some genotoxic compounds may need another type of bioactivation. In the present work, an alternative S9 fraction from the kidneys was used for the genotoxicity assessment of 12 mycotoxins with the SOS/umu test. The results were compared with liver S9 fraction, and 2-4 independent experiments were performed with each mycotoxin. The expected results were obtained with positive controls (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and 2-aminoanthracene) without metabolic activation or with liver S9, but a potent dose-dependent effect with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and no activity of 2-aminoanthracene with kidney S9 were noticed. Aflatoxin B1 was genotoxic with metabolic activation, the effect being greater with liver S9. Sterigmatocystin was clearly genotoxic with liver S9 but equivocal with kidney S9. Ochratoxin A, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 were negative in all conditions. Trichothecenes were negative, except for nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, which showed equivocal results with kidney S9 because a clear dose-response effect was not observed. Most of the mycotoxins have been assessed with kidney S9 and the SOS/umu test for the first time here. The results with the positive controls and the mycotoxins confirm that the organ used for the S9 fraction preparation has an influence on the genotoxic activity of some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alonso-Jauregui
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.)
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.)
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.)
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Quantitative evaluation of DNA damage caused by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) and other mutagenesis methods using a rapid umu-microplate test protocol for microbial mutation breeding. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Chen JX, Lim B, Steel H, Song Y, Ji M, Huang WE. Redesign of ultrasensitive and robust RecA gene circuit to sense DNA damage. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2481-2496. [PMID: 33661573 PMCID: PMC8601168 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SOS box of the recA promoter, PVRecA from Vibrio natriegens was characterized, cloned and expressed in a probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917. This promoter was then rationally engineered according to predicted interactions between LexA repressor and PVRecA . The redesigned PVRecA-AT promoter showed a sensitive and robust response to DNA damage induced by UV and genotoxic compounds. Rational design of PVRecA coupled to an amplification gene circuit increased circuit output amplitude 4.3-fold in response to a DNA damaging compound mitomycin C. A TetR-based negative feedback loop was added to the PVRecA-AT amplifier to achieve a robust SOS system, resistant to environmental fluctuations in parameters including pH, temperature, oxygen and nutrient conditions. We found that E. coli Nissle 1917 with optimized PVRecA-AT adapted to UV exposure and increased SOS response 128-fold over 40 h cultivation in turbidostat mini-reactor. We also showed the potential of this PVRecA-AT system as an optogenetic actuator, which can be controlled spatially through UV radiation. We demonstrated that the optimized SOS responding gene circuits were able to detect carcinogenic biomarker molecules with clinically relevant concentrations. The ultrasensitive SOS gene circuits in probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 would be potentially useful for bacterial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack X. Chen
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Boon Lim
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Harrison Steel
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchSuzhou215123China
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
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Yamada M, Hatsuta K, Niikawa M, Imaishi H. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 Contaminated Maize Using Human CYP3A4. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1207-1213. [PMID: 32423188 PMCID: PMC9728267 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). AFB1 is reported to have high thermal stability and is not decomposed by heat treatment during food processing. Therefore, in this study, knowing that AFB1 is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP), our aim was to develop a method to detoxify A. flavus-contaminated maize, under normal temperature and pressure, using Escherichia coli expressing human CYP3A4. First, the metabolic activity of AFB1 by recombinant human CYP3A4 was evaluated. As a result, we confirmed that recombinant human CYP3A4 metabolizes 98% of AFB1. Next, we found that aflatoxin Q1, a metabolite of AFB1 was no longer mutagenic. Furthermore, we revealed that about 50% of the AFB1 metabolic activity can be maintained for 3 months when E. coli expressing human CYP3A4 is freeze-dried in the presence of trehalose. Finally, we found that 80% of AFB1 in A. flavus-contaminated maize was metabolized by E. coli expressing human CYP3A4 in the presence of surfactant triton X-405 at a final concentration of 10% (v/v). From these results, we conclude that AFB1 in A. flavus-contaminated maize can be detoxified under normal temperature and pressure by using E. coli expressing human CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Yamada
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Hatsuta
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mayuko Niikawa
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan,Corresponding author Phone: +81-78-803-5940 Fax: +81-78-803-5940 E-mail:
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5
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Ngo TH, Tsai PC, Ueng YF, Chi KH. Cytotoxicity Assessment of PM 2.5 Collected from Specific Anthropogenic Activities in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245043. [PMID: 31835687 PMCID: PMC6950068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from different sources with different components have different health impact. In this research in Taiwan, composition and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from long-range transport event (LRT), traffic activity, and outdoor cooking at night market were studied. The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 39.0 μg/m3 during LRT, 42.9 μg/m3 at traffic area, and 28.3 μg/m3 at the night market. Traffic area had highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs (46.9 fg I-TEQ/m3) when highest PAH concentrations of 3.57 BaPeq-ng/m3 were found at night market area. One quarter of PM2.5 mass at LRT and night market was constituted by water-soluble ion (26.02–28.93%). Road dust (represented by high concentration of Al and Ca) was the main contributor for metal element at traffic station whereas presence of natural salt (Na and Cl elements) was a marker of LRT and cooking activities. Cell viability reduced 9% after exposure to organic extracts of 0.316 μg of PM2.5 from LRT and night market samples. 150% elevation of ROS production was observed after exposure with organic compound of night market samples at the dose equivalent to 10.0 μg PM2.5. Organic extracts from night market induced positive genotoxicity in umu test (at a dose of 20.0 μg PM2.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hung Ngo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.H.N.); (P.C.T.)
- International Health Program, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei Chun Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.H.N.); (P.C.T.)
| | - Yune-Fang Ueng
- Divisions of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.H.N.); (P.C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7352
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Huang C, Xu X, Wang D, Ma M, Rao K, Wang Z. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity and DNA-damaging effects of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:640-647. [PMID: 30098559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have indicated that environmental contamination with chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) has been underestimated. However, insufficient available toxicological information on Cl-PAHs makes evaluating their risks to health challenging. Two in vitro bioassays were used in the present study to characterize the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity and DNA-damaging effects of 22 low-molecular-weight PAHs and their Cl-PAHs by using the EROD assay in rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cells and the SOS/umu test (S. typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002). Compared with their parent PAHs, most of the Cl-PAHs enhanced AhR-mediated activity in the EROD assay. 1,3,6,8-Tetrachloro-pyrene (1,3,6,8-Tetracl-Py) induced the greatest potency of EROD activity (83.1%-TCDD-max) and its single point ReP was 6.64 × 10-6. Compared with their parent PAHs, several Cl-PAHs showed significant DNA-damaging effects in the SOS/umu test with the addition of S9, and the toxic equivalency of benzo[a]pyrene (TEQBaP) was calculated for them. 9-Chloroanthracene (9-Ant) and 5,6-Dichloroacenaphthene (5,6-Dicl-Ace) had relatively high TEQBaP (0.62 and 0.54, respectively). However, only 1,3,6,8-Tetracl-Py elicited strong DNA-damaging effects in the absence of S9. The degree of chlorination, the position of chlorine substitutions, and the structure of parent PAHs influenced the potency of low-molecular-weight PAHs with regard to their AhR activity and DNA-damaging effects. More concern should be raised for these environmentally relevant pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
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Jovanović J, Kolarević S, Milošković A, Radojković N, Simić V, Dojčinović B, Kračun-Kolarević M, Paunović M, Kostić J, Sunjog K, Timilijić J, Djordjević J, Gačić Z, Žegura B, Vuković-Gačić B. Evaluation of genotoxic potential in the Velika Morava River Basin in vitro and in situ. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1289-1299. [PMID: 29056382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Velika Morava River is the greatest national Serbian river and the significant tributary of the Danube River. The major problems in the Velika Morava River Basin (VMRB) represent untreated industrial and municipal wastewaters. In this study, the level of genotoxic potential at the sites along the VMRB was evaluated by parallel in vitro and in situ approach. Within in vitro testing, genotoxicity of native water samples collected from the sites in VMRB was evaluated by SOS/umuC test on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and by the comet assay on HepG2 cells. DNA damage in situ was assessed in bleak (Alburnus alburnus) erythrocytes by the comet (alkaline and Fpg-modified comet) and micronucleus assays. Additionally, the concentration of heavy metals in fish tissue was measured and this data, compiled with the data of the physico-chemical parameters measured in water, was used as a measure of the pollution pressure at the sites. Results showed that applied in vitro tests with native water samples are less sensitive in comparison with in situ tests and should be taken with precaution when making predictions on the status of the ecosystem. Within applied battery of in situ assays differential sensitivity of assays was observed where alkaline comet assay showed the highest potential in differentiation of the sites based on genotoxic potential. Integrated biomarker response showed that usage of the battery of bioassays provides better insight in a genotoxic effects in animals, and consequently, that the holistic approach is more suitable for this type of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jovanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Milošković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nataša Radojković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladica Simić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Timilijić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Nie X, Liu W, Zhang L, Liu Q. Genotoxicity of drinking water treated with different disinfectants and effects of disinfection conditions detected by umu-test. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 56:36-44. [PMID: 28571868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of drinking water treated with 6 disinfection methods and the effects of disinfection conditions were investigated using the umu-test. The pretreatment procedure of samples for the umu-test was optimized for drinking water analysis. The results of the umu-test were in good correlation with those of the Ames-test. The genotoxicity and production of haloacetic acids (HAAs) were the highest for chlorinated samples. UV+chloramination is the safest disinfection method from the aspects of genotoxicity, HAA production and inactivation effects. For chloramination, the effects of the mass ratio of Cl2 to N of chloramine on genotoxicity were also studied. The changes of genotoxicity were different from those of HAA production, which implied that HAA production cannot represent the genotoxic potential of water. The genotoxicity per chlorine decay of chlorination and chloramination had similar trends, indicating that the reaction of organic matters and chlorine made a great contribution to the genotoxicity. The results of this study are of engineering significance for optimizing the operation of waterworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebiao Nie
- Division of Drinking Water Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Division of Drinking Water Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- Division of Drinking Water Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Division of Drinking Water Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Yi X, Wang Z, Yi Y, Huang T, Gao H, Ma J. Spatial distribution of atmospheric PAHs and their genotoxicity in petrochemical industrialized Lanzhou valley, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12820-12834. [PMID: 28364205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the spatial and seasonal variations and sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lanzhou, a petrochemical industrialized and the capital city of Gansu province, northwest China. The human health risks to these PAHs were assessed using an in vitro genotoxic bioassay technique. Associations among direct genotoxic potency, atmospheric PAH concentrations, and potential carcinogen risks were examined. Due to high PAH emissions from fossil fuel combustion and petrochemical industries, considerable higher PAH levels in the atmosphere were observed in Xigu district, a suburb featured by heavy petrochemical industry, compared with those collected at downtown and rural sampling sites. Ambient PAH levels at all sampling sites during the wintertime were higher than that in the summertime due to the winter domestic heating. BaP equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations in winter (41 ng/m3) and summer (28 ng/m3) exceeded the China's new national daily BaPeq standard. The average excess inhalation cancer risks (ECR) due to human exposure to PAHs during winter and summer sampling periods were 45-3540 cancer cases and 31-2451 cases per million people, respectively. The average ECR in the industrial area of Lanzhou valley was 1.97 (winter) and 1.88 times (summer) higher than that in other sampling areas. The higher ECR in the industrial area was resulted primarily by industrial activities and insufficient emission control measures. Extracts from passive air samples in genotoxicity SOS/umu test demonstrated that the genotoxic effect of atmospheric PAHs in Lanzhou was seasonal dependent. PAH air samples collected in winter showed more statistically significant genotoxicity, as manifested by a strong correlation between in vitro genotoxicity and atmospheric PAH concentrations. This indicates that the local residents were under higher potential cancer risk through the inhalation of ambient PAH air concentrations in Lanzhou valley during the wintertime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yayi Yi
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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10
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Novak M, Hercog K, Žegura B. Assessment of the mutagenic and genotoxic activity of cyanobacterial toxin beta-N-methyl-amino-L-alanine in Salmonella typhimurium. Toxicon 2016; 118:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kotnik K, Kosjek T, Žegura B, Filipič M, Heath E. Photolytic fate and genotoxicity of benzophenone-derived compounds and their photodegradation mixtures in the aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:114-123. [PMID: 26766022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the environmental fate of eight benzophenone derivatives (the pharmaceutical ketoprofen, its phototransformation products 3-ethylbenzophenone and 3-acetylbenzophenone, and five benzophenone-type UV filters) by evaluating their photolytic behaviour. In addition, the genotoxicity of these compounds and the produced photodegradation mixtures was studied. Laboratory-scale irradiation experiments using a medium pressure UV lamp revealed that photodegradation of benzophenones follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Ketoprofen was the most photolabile (t1/2 = 0.8 min), while UV filters were more resistant to UV light with t1/2 between 17 and 99 h. The compounds were also exposed to irradiation by natural sunlight and showed similar photostability as predicted under laboratory conditions. Solar photodegradation experiments were performed in distilled water, lake and seawater, and revealed that photosensitizers present in natural waters significantly affect the photolytic behaviour of the investigated compounds. In this case, the presence of lake water resulted in accelerated photodecomposition, while seawater showed different effects on photodegradation, depending on a compound. Further, it was shown that the transformation products of ketoprofen 3-ethylbenzophenone and 3-acetylbenzophenone were formed under environmental conditions when ketoprofen was exposed to natural sunlight. Genotoxicity testing of parent benzophenone compounds using the SOS/umuC assay revealed that UV filters exhibited weak genotoxic activity in the presence of a metabolic activation system, however the concentrations tested were much higher than found in the environment (≥125 μg mL(-1)). After irradiation of benzophenones, the produced photodegradation mixtures showed that, with the exception of benzophenone that exhibited weak genotoxic activity, all the other compounds tested did not elicit any activity when exposed to UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kotnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Ecological Engineering Institute Ltd, Ljubljanska ulica 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Zeng Q, Zhang SH, Liao J, Miao DY, Wang XY, Yang P, Yun LJ, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Evaluation of genotoxic effects caused by extracts of chlorinated drinking water using a combination of three different bioassays. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 296:23-29. [PMID: 25910456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potential genotoxic effects of chlorinated drinking water now are of a great concern. In this study, raw water, finished water, and tap water from a water plant in Wuhan, China were collected in two different sampling times of the year (January and July). Genotoxic effects of water extracts were evaluated using a combination of three different bioassays: SOS/umu test, HGPRT gene mutation assay, and micronucleus assay, which were separately used to detect DNA damage, gene mutation, and chromosome aberration. The results of three different bioassays showed that all water samples in January and July induced at least one types of genotoxic effects, of which the DNA-damage effects were all detectable. The levels of DNA-damage effects and gene-mutation effects of finished water and tap water in January were higher than those in July. Chlorination could increase the DNA-damage effects of drinking water in January and the gene-mutation effects of drinking water in both January and July, but did not increase the chromosome-aberration effects of drinking water in both January and July. Our results highlighted the importance of using a combination of different bioassays to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Experiment Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dong-Yue Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Luo-Jia Yun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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13
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Zhang SH, Miao DY, Tan L, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Comparative cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 13 drinking water disinfection by-products using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed SOS/umuassay. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:35-41. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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14
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Preliminary Toxicological Evaluation of the River Danube Using in Vitro Bioassays. WATER 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/w7051959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Tian Z, Oda Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li H. Use of a new enzyme extraction system to improve the sensitivity of SOS/umu test and application to environmental samples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:370-375. [PMID: 25542254 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find a better enzyme extraction reagent for the SOS/umu test to replace the conventional one (the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Z-buffer), which has the disadvantage of denaturing β-galactosidase leading to decreased measurement sensitivity. By adopting a microplate system, the performance of the umu test using BugBuster Master Mix, a commercially available enzyme extraction reagent, was compared with that using the conventional reagent for detecting the genotoxicity of known mutagens as well as environmental samples. BugBuster Master Mix was found to increase the detection sensitivities of the selected genotoxins and environmental water samples, due to the fact that it doesn't denature β-galactosidase. The result of this study showed that BugBuster Master Mix could be a better enzyme extraction reagent for umu test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
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16
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Lei B, Kang J, Wang X, Liu Q, Yu Z, Zeng X, Fu J. The toxicity of sediments from Taihu Lake evaluated by several in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3419-3430. [PMID: 25367641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are useful techniques for the determination of biological effects in sediment samples containing complex mixtures of contaminants. In this study, 28 surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake, East China, were collected for toxicity assessment using a battery of in vitro bioassays. The battery included a two-hybrid yeast bioassay for estrogenic and thyroidal effects, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (Ah-agonists)-mediated effects as measured by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and the SOS/umu bioassay for genotoxic effects. Toxicities were expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQs), T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) equivalents (T3-EQs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs), and induction ratios (IRs) of β-galactosidase activity. The results showed that total estrogenic effects in sediment samples ranged from 0.0011 to 12.4 pg EEQ/g sediment [dry weight (d.w.)], the thyroidal effects ranged from 0.35 to 24.8 pg T3-EQ/g sediment (d.w.), the Ah-agonist effects varied from 2.70 to 37.8 pg TEQ/g sediment (d.w.), and the weight of soil required for the extracts to lead to a positive result (IR 2.0) in the SOS/umu bioassay was between 1.98 and 15.3 mg (d.w.) per well. Significantly positive correlations were only found between lgT3-EQs and lgEEQs, which indicated similar spatial distributions of estrogenic and thyroidal effects in Taihu Lake. These results suggested that the applied battery of in vitro bioassays represented an efficient (fast and cost-effective) screening system for the identification of emerging contaminants in Taihu Lake and provided meaningful information for further analysis and risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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17
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Ye Y, Weiwei J, Na L, Mei M, Kaifeng R, Zijian W. Application of the SOS/umu test and high-contentin vitromicronucleus test to determine genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nine benzothiazoles. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Weiwei
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources; Shanghai 200082 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Na
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China
| | - Rao Kaifeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zijian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China
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18
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Kittinger C, Marth E, Reinthaler FF, Zarfel G, Pichler-Semmelrock F, Mascher W, Mascher G, Mascher F. Water quality assessment of a Central European River - does the Directive 2000/60/EC cover all the needs for a comprehensive classification? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:424-429. [PMID: 23410864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, European rivers have mostly shared the same fate. Until the mid 1980s many of them were in rather bad shape. Nobody would have thought about using the waters for recreation. However, continuous efforts over the last three decades have achieved success and today's water quality has changed to the better. This obvious change in water quality, which was proved by investigations done on the basis of the European Directive 2000/60/EC framework for Community action in the field of water policy, made people consider using the rivers for recreation or irrigation. In the present study a Central European River was investigated from hygienic perspectives (faecal indicators), and its toxicological status was examined - both of which are parameters which are not included in the Directive 2000/60/EC. The pivotal question was whether these parameters provide essential and additional information about the river's status and its quality. In general, the monthly values for all sampling points from the toxicological tests correlated with the determined physical and chemical statuses according to the national water management plan. Once, however, the toxicological values did increase significantly. This detection of a single toxicological burst within a year of observation underlines the applicability of the tests as screening methods for the detection of toxic substances. Moreover, our microbiological investigations show high numbers of faecal indicators and Salmonellae. These results are not consistent with the apparently good quality of the river. Therefore faecal indicators, which are directly related to the discharge of waste water, should be an integral part of the procedure of water classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kittinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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19
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Ghazali AR, Sipain Y, Rajab NF, Ling SE, Ramli N, Abdullah R, Harun Z, Kamarulzaman F. Genotoxic Potential of Shrimp Pastes (Belacan) Extracts Using <i>Umu</i> Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.34073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Mamindy-Pajany Y, Hamer B, Roméo M, Géret F, Galgani F, Durmiši E, Hurel C, Marmier N. The toxicity of composted sediments from Mediterranean ports evaluated by several bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:362-9. [PMID: 21035165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the ecotoxicological evaluation of contaminated dredged sediments from French Mediterranean navy harbour (A), commercial port (B) and two composite specimens (C) and (D) coming from the mixture of A and B with other port sediments. The toxicity of elutriates from these sediments is estimated using embryo-toxicity test, Microtox® solid phase test, LuminoTox, phytotoxicity tests and genotoxicity test. Bioassay responses are not clearly correlated with chemical contamination in the whole sediment and vary as a function of tested organisms. The highest contaminated samples (A and C) are almost always more toxic than the less contaminated samples (B and D). Among composite sediments, the mixture effect with other sediments is not efficient to decrease toxicity in sample C, suggesting that other parameters influence toxicity level such as particle size or organic matter content. These parameters should be taken into consideration in order to improve the efficiency of the mixture process and produce composite sediments with low toxicity.
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21
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Biran A, Yagur-Kroll S, Pedahzur R, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Ben-Yoav H, Shacham-Diamand Y, Belkin S. Bacterial genotoxicity bioreporters. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 3:412-27. [PMID: 21255340 PMCID: PMC3815808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the introduction of the Salmonella typhimurium mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay (the ‘Ames test’) over three decades ago, there has been a constant development of additional genotoxicity assays based upon the use of genetically engineered microorganisms. Such assays rely either on reversion principles similar to those of the Ames test, or on promoter–reporter fusions that generate a quantifiable dose‐dependent signal in the presence of potential DNA damaging compounds and the induction of repair mechanisms; the latter group is the subject of the present review. Some of these assays were only briefly described in the scientific literature, whereas others have been developed all the way to commercial products. Out of these, only one, the umu‐test, has been fully validated and ISO‐ and OECD standardized. Here we review the main directions undertaken in the construction and testing of bacterial‐based genotoxicity bioassays, including the attempts to incorporate at least a partial metabolic activation capacity into the molecular design. We list the genetic modifications introduced into the tester strains, compare the performance of the different assays, and briefly describe the first attempts to incorporate such bacterial reporters into actual genotoxicity testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alva Biran
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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22
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Zegura B, Heath E, Cernosa A, Filipic M. Combination of in vitro bioassays for the determination of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of wastewater, surface water and drinking water samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:1453-60. [PMID: 19307011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of native samples of wastewaters (15 samples), surface waters (28 samples) and potable waters (8 samples) with the SOS/umuC assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and MTT assay with human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The genotoxicity of selected samples was confirmed with the comet assay with HepG2 cells. In the SOS/umuC assay 13 out of the 51 samples were genotoxic: two effluent samples from chemical industry; one sample of wastewater treatment plant effluent; two hospital wastewater samples; three river water samples and four lake water samples. Six samples were cytotoxic for HepG2 cells: both effluent samples of chemical industry, two wastewater treatment plant effluent samples, and two river water samples, however, only the chemical industry effluent samples were genotoxic and cytotoxic, indicating that different contaminants are responsible for genotoxic and toxic effects. Comparing genotoxicity of river and lake water samples with the chemical analytical data of the presence of the residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, UV filters and disinfectants) in these samples, indicated that the presence of UV filters might be linked to the genotoxicity of these samples. The results showed that the application of the bacterial SOS/umuC assay and mammalian cell assays (MTT and comet assay) with HepG2 cells was suitably sensitive combination of assays to monitor genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of native samples of wastewaters and surface waters. With this study we also confirmed that the toxicity/genotoxicity bioassays should be an integral tool in the evaluation of toxicity of complex wastewaters before the release into environment, as well as for the monitoring of surface water quality, providing data useful in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Zegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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23
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Genetically Engineered Bacteria for Genotoxicity Assessment. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-36253-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Yu G, Xiao R, Wang D, Zhou J, Wang Z. Assessing the ecological risk of soil irrigated with wastewater using in vitro cell bioassays. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:1618-1627. [PMID: 18988099 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802329901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the most recent research work, the accumulation of toxicants in soil was always assessed through concentration level of the target contaminants. However, assessments based on chemical analysis were limited in numbers and in their unpredictable bioavailability. An alternative assessment could be based on toxicity assessment. It means that a screening bioassay is a necessary tool for identifying and defining contaminants at the sites, which should warrant further attention. In the present study, three in vitro cell bioassays, including the SOS/umu bioassay for genotoxic effects, human estrogen receptor recombinant yeast bioassay for estrogenic effects, and ethoxyresorfin O-deethylase (EROD) with H4IIE rat hepatoma cells bioassay for Ah-receptor agonistic effects, were used for the evaluation of the accumulation of toxicants in soils irrigated with wastewater in the suburb of Beijing, China. The results indicated that there were significant increases of genotoxic, estrogenic, and Ah-receptor agonistic effects in soils irrigated with wastewater, as compared with soils irrigated with groundwater. There was the decreased effect gradient following the increase of the distances from the inlet of the wastewater. It was concluded that wastewater irrigation could cause accumulation of genotoxic, estrogenic, and Ah-receptor agonistic chemicals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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25
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Gustavsson L, Engwall M. Genotoxic activity of nitroarene-contaminated industrial sludge following large-scale treatment in aerated and non-aerated sacs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 367:694-703. [PMID: 16839596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An industrial sludge containing a complex mixture of nitroaromatic compounds was treated in industrial large-scale aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation processes, performed in compost sacs. The goal was to study changes in genotoxicity during the two different oxygen regimes using the umuC genotoxicity assay. The composting sac was actively aerated during 3 months and allowed to mature for another 3 months. The anaerobic sac was not aerated for 5 months and aerated during the last month in order to enhance degradation of remaining organic carbon. The sludge was obtained from the wastewater treatment plant at an industrial area in Karlskoga, Sweden. The biodegradation study was performed at a commercial waste treatment plant in Stockholm, according to the company routine procedure when treating household waste in sealed sacs. The material from the non-aerated system showed increased genotoxicity in the acetone-soluble fraction after treatment, as did the water-soluble fraction. The subsequent aeration period did not decrease the toxicity below the genotoxicity limit. The increase in the water-soluble genotoxic compounds may pose an environmental problem during secondary storage or use of sludge treated this way, since leakage of water-dissolved genotoxic compounds may occur. The composting process also generated genotoxicity, but this was restricted to acetone-soluble compounds, while the water-soluble compounds remained low in genotoxicity. The aerated process therefore seems more favorable in term of risk reduction of this industrial sludge, although it is necessary to optimize the aerated process in order to achieve non-toxic levels of potential genotoxic compounds extractable by organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gustavsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Department of Natural Sciences, Orebro University, S-70182 Orebro, Sweden.
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26
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Bihari N, Fafandel M, Hamer B, Kralj-Bilen B. PAH content, toxicity and genotoxicity of coastal marine sediments from the Rovinj area, Northern Adriatic, Croatia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 366:602-11. [PMID: 16439004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface marine sediments collected from 8 sampling sites within the Rovinj coastal area, Northern Adriatic, Croatia, were used for determining priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic/genotoxic potential of sediment organic extracts. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 32 microg/kg (protected area) to 13.2 mg/kg dry weight (harbor) and showed clear differences between pristine, urban industrial and harbor areas. PAHs distribution revealed their pyrogenic origin with some biogenic influence in harbor. At all sampling sites sediment extracts showed toxic potential that was consistent with the sediment type. No correlation between toxicity measured by Microtox assay and concentrations of individual or total PAHs was found. Noncytotoxic dose of sediment extracts showed no genotoxic potential in bacterial umu-test. DNA damage is positively related to total PAHs at 4 sampling sites (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-6), but the highest DNA damage was not observed at the site with the highest total sediment PAH content (S-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Bihari
- Institute Ruder Bosković, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52 210 Rovinj, Croatia.
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27
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Yasunaga K, Kiyonari A, Nakagawa M, Yoshikawa K. Different results of the Salmonella umu test between three isomers of phenylenediamine (PDA) derivatives. Drug Chem Toxicol 2006; 29:203-13. [PMID: 16707328 DOI: 10.1080/01480540600566766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A post-treatment assay of the umu test was performed to detect genotoxicity of 10 phenylenediamine (PDA) derivatives using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 with/without S9 mix. Seven chemicals (o-PDA, 4-chloro-o-PDA, 4-nitro-o-PDA, p-PDA, 2-chloro-p-PDA, 2-nitro-p-PDA, and 2,5-diaminotoluene) showed positive results with S9 mix, but three chemicals (m-PDA, 4-chloro-m-PDA, and 2,4-diaminotoluene) were negative with and without S9 mix. Four of 7 chemicals (o-PDA, 4-chloro-o-PDA, 4-nitro-o-PDA, and 2-nitro-p-PDA) that gave positive results with S9 mix were also positive without S9 mix. These results indicate that the genotoxicity of PDA derivative possessing m-position amino substituents was not detected in the umu post-treatment assay using TA1535/pSK1002.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasunaga
- Mitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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28
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Yasunaga K, Kiyonari A, Nakagawa M, Yoshikawa K. Investigation into the ability of the Salmonella umu test to detect DNA damage using antitumor drugs. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 20:712-28. [PMID: 16311009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the ability of the umu test detecting system, 18 antitumor drugs were tested using the Salmonella umu test. The tested antitumor drugs were selected so as to produce different biochemical actions, and they were classified into three categories; five agents of group I (antimetabolites), eight agents of group II (alkylating agents), and five agents of group III (antibiotics). The results showed that all antimetabolites, all alkylating agents, and three of the antibiotics had positive responses, but the antibiotics aclarubicin (ACR) and chromomycin A3 (CHR) had negative responses. Both antibiotics that gave negative responses were anthracyclines, but daunomycin (DNR), which was one of the anthracyclines, had a positive result in the umu test. These results suggest that it is possible for the umu test to detect genotoxicity of chemicals regardless of the types of DNA damage (inhibition of DNA synthesis relative enzyme, DNA base alkylating, DNA strand-break, and DNA adduct), but difficult for it to detect genotoxicity of any anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Yasunaga
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute LTD., 14 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan.
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Oda Y, Funasaka K, Kitano M, Nakama A, Yoshikura T. Use of a high-throughput umu-microplate test system for rapid detection of genotoxicity produced by mutagenic carcinogens and airborne particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2004; 43:10-19. [PMID: 14743341 DOI: 10.1002/em.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a rapid umu-microplate test system that uses the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing Salmonella typhimurium strain NM3009 and the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing S. typhimurium strain NM2009 to detect genotoxic activity in small volume samples. The assay was used to test the genotoxicity of several standard mutagens and environmental samples. Exponentially growing cultures of NM3009, NM2009, and the parental strain TA1535/pSK1002 were incubated in 96-well microplates with test chemicals both in the presence and in the absence of rat liver S9. The relative beta-galactosidase activities were then determined colorimetrically using either chlorophenol red-beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) or O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) as a measure of umuC gene induction activity. The sensitivities of NM3009 without S9 mix and NM2009 with S9 mix to nitroarenes and aromatic amines were up to 24- to 75-fold higher than those of the parent strain. Induction of umuC gene expression was detected more readily with CPRG than ONPG. The umu-microplate assay also detected genotoxicity in organic extracts of particulate matter from air samples collected in Osaka City, Japan. The pattern of the responses suggested that the genotoxic activity of the particulate extract was due primarily to nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results indicate that the umu-microplate assay may be a useful way of carrying out rapid screens for genotoxicity in small-volume environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Oda
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
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Yasunaga K, Kiyonari A, Oikawa T, Abe N, Yoshikawa K. Evaluation of the Salmonella umu test with 83 NTP chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2004; 44:329-345. [PMID: 15476194 DOI: 10.1002/em.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple rapid tests for evaluating the carcinogenic potential of the thousands of chemical compounds that are developed each year. The DNA-damaging effects of 83 National Toxicology Program (NTP) chemicals, including noncarcinogens and carcinogens, were examined in the umu test by measuring the expression of the umuDC-lacZ genes in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Salmonella were exposed to individual NTP chemicals at 37 degrees C for 2 hr both with and without a rat liver S9 mix; the treated cells were then diluted and incubated for a further 2 hr (posttreatment assay). O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside was added to the cultures and the beta-galactosidase activity driven by the Salmonella umuDC-lacZ genes was determined by measurement of the OD(420 nm) and OD(550 nm) of the cultures. Salmonella cell number was simultaneously determined by measurement of OD(600 nm). The overall concordance between genotoxicity in the umu test and carcinogenicity was 67%, which was similar to the concordance between Ames' test results and carcinogenicity (63%) using the same 83 NTP chemicals. The results of this study indicate that the umu test with a single Salmonella strain is a simple rapid system, with accuracy comparable to existing, more time-consuming assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Yasunaga
- Genetic Toxicology Group, Toxicology Division II, Mitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute Ltd., Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan.
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Bihari N, Micić M, Batel R, Zahn RK. Flow cytometric detection of DNA cell cycle alterations in hemocytes of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) off the Adriatic coast, Croatia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2003; 64:121-129. [PMID: 12799105 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(03)00040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to determine the alteration in DNA cell cycle characteristics of hemocytes of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis collected at 17 different locations (146 individuals) along the Adriatic coast, Croatia. In order to connect possible genomic manifestation to urban and/or industrial waste flow cytometry was used. We studied incidence of altered DNA profile reflective of chromosomal fragmentation phenomena or aneuploid mosaicism, coefficient of variation (CV) in DNA fluorescence as a measure of intraindividual genome size variability and DNA index (DI) as a measure of ploidy. The different classes of DNA cell cycle alterations found in this study mirror either acute or cumulative genotoxic effects of the surrounding environment on mussel hemocyte DNA. These are intraindividual genome size variability (CV>8, seven individuals from four sites), aneuploidy (altered DNA profile and DI<0.9, 45 individuals from 14 sites) and accidental apoptotic processes (altered DNA profile and presence of apoptotic cells, two individuals from two sites). Normal cell cycle DNA profiles were obtained for 89 (60.9%) individuals from all 17 sites and for 146 examined samples polyploids were absent. Flow cytometry proved to be a powerful technique for the determination of alterations in cell cycle characteristics in mussel hemocyte DNA. Therefore, it may be used in pollution control measurements to distinguish affected or vulnerable populations from healthy populations living in the presence of a wide variety of marine environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Bihari
- Center for Marine Research, Institute Rudjer Bosković, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52 210 Rovinj, Croatia.
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