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Benedetto N, Mangieri C, De Biasio F, Carvalho RF, Milella L, Russo D. Malus pumila Mill. cv Annurca apple extract might be therapeutically useful against oxidative stress and patterned hair loss. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:955-967. [PMID: 38711215 PMCID: PMC11148120 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Patterned hair loss (PHL) or androgenetic alopecia is a condition affecting about 50% of people worldwide. Several pharmacological medications have been developed over the years, but few studies have investigated their effectiveness. Therefore, new, safer and more effective strategies are required. Recent investigations showed that Annurca apple extract application could induce keratin production and promote hair growth thanks to the high amount of procyanidin B2 contained in. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of an Annurca apple extract in preventing PHL by testing it on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) for the first time. Treatment of HFDPCs with Annurca apple extract counteracted intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase. Furthermore, treatment with Annurca apple extract increased β-catenin and fibroblast growth factor 2, which are involved in hair growth stimulation. These data suggest that Annurca apple extract may be a potential therapeutically useful nutraceutical product for preventing or treating hair loss by reducing oxidative stress and inducing the expression of hair growth-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of ScienceUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of ScienceUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
- Spinoff Bioactiplant S.r.l.PotenzaItaly
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Krstić Đ, Ristivojević P, Andrić F, Milojković-Opsenica D, Morlock GE. Quality Assessment of Apple and Grape Juices from Serbian and German Markets by Planar Chromatography-Chemometrics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123933. [PMID: 35745056 PMCID: PMC9230071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The high consumption of plant-based foods on a global scale has increased the number of adulterations in the food industry. Along with this, analytical approaches to fraud detection need to be further developed. A nontargeted effect-directed profiling by high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with five effect-directed assays (free radical scavenging assay, Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay, and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibition assays) and multi-imaging provided additional information on the antioxidative, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition activities for 18 apple and 18 grape juices from markets in Serbia and Germany. Bioactive zones of interest were eluted using an elution head-based interface and further characterized by electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The different profiles were evaluated chemometrically, and several compounds, which were characteristic of samples from different markets located in Serbia and Germany, were identified in apple juice (such as chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, epicatechin, and caffeic acid) and grape juice (such as chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin). The developed rapid and simple method for the quality assessment of fruit juices coming from different (geographic) markets showed clear quality differences. Thus, it could be used to learn more about quality differences, to detect fraud in fruit juice production, and to verify the authenticity of the origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đurđa Krstić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (Đ.K.); (P.R.); (F.A.); (D.M.-O.)
| | - Petar Ristivojević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (Đ.K.); (P.R.); (F.A.); (D.M.-O.)
| | - Filip Andrić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (Đ.K.); (P.R.); (F.A.); (D.M.-O.)
| | - Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (Đ.K.); (P.R.); (F.A.); (D.M.-O.)
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Feng S, Yi J, Li X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Bi J. Systematic Review of Phenolic Compounds in Apple Fruits: Compositions, Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, and Processing Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7-27. [PMID: 33397106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely consumed fruit in the world, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits provide a high level of phenolics and have many beneficial effects on human health. The composition and content of phenolic compounds in natural apples differs according to the tissue types and cultivar varieties. The bioavailability of apple-derived phenolics, depending on the absorption and metabolism of phenolics during digestion, is the key determinant of their positive biological effects. Meanwhile, various processing technologies affect the composition and content of phenolic compounds in apple products, further affecting the bioavailability of apple phenolics. This review summarizes current understanding on the compositions, distribution, absorption, and metabolism of phenolic compounds in apple and their stability when subjected to common technologies during processing. We intend to provide an updated overview on apple phenolics and also suggest some perspectives for future research of apple phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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Simonato B, Marangon M, Vincenzi S, Vegro M, Pasini G. Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4978-4986. [PMID: 32500544 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so-called 'green revolution' theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars ('Belfiore', 'Pomella Genovese', 'Gravenstein', 'Bella del Bosco', and 'Piatlin') were compared with a 'Golden Delicious' commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non-specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. 'Bella del Bosco' had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas 'Piatlin' had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than 'Golden Delicious'. Immunoblotting techniques showed that 'Bella del Bosco' and 'Piatlin' had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple-based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Simonato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Mara Vegro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Martino E, Vuoso DC, D'Angelo S, Mele L, D'Onofrio N, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G. Annurca apple polyphenol extract selectively kills MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS generation, sustained JNK activation and cell growth and survival inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13045. [PMID: 31506575 PMCID: PMC6736874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols represent the most studied class of nutraceuticals that can be therapeutics for a large spectrum of diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated for the first time the antitumor activities of polyphenol extract from Annurca apple (APE) in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, and we explored the underlying mechanisms. APE selectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability and caused G2/M phase arrest associated with p27 and phospho-cdc25C upregulation and with p21 downregulation. APE promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MDA-MB-231 cells while it acted as antioxidant in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. We demonstrated that ROS generation represented the primary step of APE antitumor activity as pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented APE-induced G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. APE downregulated Dusp-1 and induced a significant increase in JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation that were both prevented by NAC. Moreover, downregulation of JNK by its specific inhibitor SP600125 significantly diminished the anticancer activity of APE indicating that ROS generation and sustained JNK activation represented the main underlying mechanism of APE-induced cell death. APE also inhibited AKT activation and downregulated several oncoproteins, such as NF-kB, c-myc, and β-catenin. In light of these results, APE may be an attractive candidate for drug development against triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Cristina Vuoso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, "Parthenope" University, via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Kpemissi M, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Veerapur VP, Potârniche AV, Adi K, Vijayakumar S, Banakar SM, Thimmaiah NV, Metowogo K, Aklikokou K. Antioxidant and nephroprotection activities of Combretum micranthum: A phytochemical, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01365. [PMID: 30976670 PMCID: PMC6441829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of chronic renal failure is exceedingly expensive. Despite of encouraging experimental outcomes, there is a lack of potent nephroprotective drugable molecules in a clinics or market. To develop a nephroprotective phytomedicine, the present study was designed to do a literature survey on reported phytochemical and biological analysis of Combretum micranthum and to carry out chemoprofiling, in-vitro antioxidant and ex-vivo nephroprotective capacity of the title plant. The phytochemical and biological activity survey of C. micranthum has reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids with many biological activities. Phytochemical investigation re-confirmed the presence of these compounds. Hydroalcoholic extract of C. micranthum (CM extract) showed a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging AAPH, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and chelating metal ions. CM extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of ferric chloride-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious and common complication leading to end stage renal disease. Therefore, in the present study, glucose-induced toxicity was also studied in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) as an in vitro model for diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that exposure of cells to high glucose (100 mM) for 72 h significantly reduced the cell viability resulting in morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounded cell shape and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Treatment with CM extract at 10 and 25 μg/mL resulted in significant improvement in cell viability from 10 to 23% compared to the high glucose control. This study demonstrated the potential antioxidant and nephroprotective properties of C. micranthum, justifying its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabozou Kpemissi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.,University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Veeresh P Veerapur
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kodjo Adi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddalingesh M Banakar
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Area Phase I, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - N V Thimmaiah
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Area Phase I, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
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Tumbas Šaponjac V, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Ćetković G, Djilas S, Četojević-Simin D. Dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract fractions as antioxidants and cancer cell growth inhibitors. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Abourashed EA. Bioavailability of Plant-Derived Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:309-25. [PMID: 26784467 PMCID: PMC4665521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products with antioxidant properties have been extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical and food industry and have also been very popular as health-promoting herbal products. This review provides a summary of the literature published around the first decade of the 21st century regarding the oral bioavailability of carotenoids, polyphenols and sulfur compounds as the three major classes of plant-derived antioxidants. The reviewed original research includes more than 40 compounds belonging to the above mentioned classes of natural antioxidants. In addition, related reviews published during the same period have been cited. A brief introduction to general bioavailability-related definitions, procedures and considerations is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abourashed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA.
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10
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Polyphenolic characterisation of old local apple varieties from Southeastern European region. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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D'Angelo S, La Porta R, Napolitano M, Galletti P, Quagliuolo L, Boccellino M. Effect of Annurca Apple Polyphenols on Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Proliferation. J Med Food 2012; 15:1024-31. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Studies of Institutions and Territorial Systems (DiSIST), School of Movement Sciences, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Porta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- National Cancer Institute, “G. Pascale” Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Galletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Vieira FG, Di Pietro PF, da Silva EL, Borges GS, Nunes EC, Fett R. Improvement of serum antioxidant status in humans after the acute intake of apple juices. Nutr Res 2012; 32:229-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mahdavi R, Nikniaz Z, Rafraf M, Jouyban A. Determination and Comparison of Total Polyphenol and Vitamin C Contents of Natural Fresh and Commercial Fruit Juices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.968.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Managing phenol contents in crop plants by phytochemical farming and breeding-visions and constraints. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:807-57. [PMID: 20479987 PMCID: PMC2868352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO(2), growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. The underlying mechanisms are discussed with respect to carbohydrate availability, trade-offs to competing demands as well as to regulatory elements. Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. Constraints and possible physiological feedbacks are considered for successful and sustainable application of agricultural techniques with respect to management of plant phenol profiles and concentrations.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of apples with reduced risk of some cancers, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and diabetes. Extensive research exists on apples and the health benefits of their beverages and phytochemicals. The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature in this area focusing on phytochemicals, phytochemical bioavailability and antioxidant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Soler
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n. 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n. 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n. 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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17
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Biedrzycka E, Amarowicz R. Diet and Health: Apple Polyphenols as Antioxidants. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/87559120801926302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Biedrzycka
- a Division of Food Sciences , Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- a Division of Food Sciences , Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn , Poland
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18
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Bobrowska-Grzesik E, Jakóbik-Kolon A. Leaching of cadmium and lead from dried fruits and fruit teas to infusions and decoctions. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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D'Angelo S, Cimmino A, Raimo M, Salvatore A, Zappia V, Galletti P. Effect of reddening-ripening on the antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts from cv. 'Annurca' apple fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9977-9985. [PMID: 17960886 DOI: 10.1021/jf071773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Apple is among the most consumed fruits worldwide, and several studies suggest that apple polyphenols could play a role in the prevention of degenerative diseases. 'Annurca' apple fruit undergoes, after harvest, a typical reddening treatment to turn the apples' skin red, and it is noted for its high firmness. This paper reports the effect of reddening-ripening treatment on polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity of both peel and flesh extracts. The in vitro antioxidant properties have been compared with the protective effect against the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species using Caco-2 cells as model system. Pretreatment of cells with different polyphenolic apple extracts provides a remarkable protection against oxidative damage. This effect seems to be associated with the antioxidant activity of 'Annurca' apple polyphenolic compounds. The flesh has antioxidant properties comparable to those possessed by the peel. Neither the reddening nor the fruit conservation causes changes in the antioxidant properties possessed by this apple variety. The data indicate that polyphenolic compounds in 'Annurca' apples are relatively stable in the peel and also in the flesh; therefore, the health benefits of polyphenols should be maintained during long-term storage. Finally, a diet rich in apple antioxidants could exert a beneficial effect in the prevention of intestinal pathologies related to the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Dupas C, Marsset Baglieri A, Ordonaud C, Tomé D, Maillard MN. Chlorogenic acid is poorly absorbed, independently of the food matrix: A Caco-2 cells and rat chronic absorption study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:1053-60. [PMID: 17054098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
According to epidemiologic studies, dietary phenolic antioxidants, such as chlorogenic acid (CQA), could prevent coronary heart diseases and some cancers. Coffee is the main source of CQA in the human diet. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of usual coffee consumption conditions, such as the addition of milk, on CQA bioavailability. Interactions between CQA and milk proteins were shown, using an ultrafiltration technique. These interactions proved to be slightly disrupted during an in vitro digestion process. CQA absorption and bioavailability were then studied in vitro using a Caco-2 cell model coupled with an in vitro digestion process, and in vivo, in a chronic supplementation study in which rats were fed daily coffee or coffee and milk for 3 weeks. Both experiments showed that CQA absorption under its native form is weak, but unmodified by the addition of milk proteins, and slightly reduced by the addition of Maillard reaction products. These data show that there are some interactions between coffee phenolics and milk proteins, but these have no significant effect on CQA bioavailability from coffee in the rat. CQA is poorly absorbed under its native form in the body, when ingested in a realistic food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Dupas
- UMR 1211 SCALE (ENSIA/INRA/CNAM)--ENSIA, Département Science de l'Aliment, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles: antioxydants, arômes, colorants, Massy, France
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Abstract
Focusing on 17 constituents, the polyphenol profiles of juices freshly made from various dessert (n = 4) and cider apple cultivars (n = 7) as well as commercially available apple juices (n = 24) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(neg)-MS/MS) analyses. Significant differences in the total polyphenol content as well as the profiles of the apple cultivars under study were observed. For dessert apples the total polyphenol content ranged from 154 to 178 mg/L, whereas for 'old' German cider apple cultivars 261-970 mg/L were determined. Boskoop showed the highest (970 mg/L) and Granny Smith the lowest (154 mg/L) polyphenol content of the freshly prepared samples under study. Hydroxycinnamic acids, with chlorogenic acid as dominating constituent, ranged from 57 to 68 mg/L as well as from 134-593 mg/L in juices made from dessert apples and that from cider apples, respectively. Dessert apple juices showed lower contents of dihydrochalcones (10-35 mg/L) and flavan-3-ols (50-95 mg/L) compared to that of cider apples (34-171 mg/L and 70-393 mg/L, respectively). Quercetin and its derivatives were found from 0.4-4 mg/L and 0.4-27 mg/L in juices made from dessert apples and that of cider apples, respectively. Compared with freshly made juices, lower contents of polyphenols were determined in the commercial samples under study. Amounts ranging from 110-459 mg/L, dominated by chlorogenic acid with concentrations from 53-217 mg/L, were determined. Information about cultivar-typical apple polyphenol content and profile is important for bioactivity studies and, consequently, essential for the development of consumer-relevant products with particular nutritional functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kahle
- Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Mihalev K, Schieber A, Mollov P, Carle R. Effect of mash maceration on the polyphenolic content and visual quality attributes of cloudy apple juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:7306-7310. [PMID: 15563212 DOI: 10.1021/jf049480u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of enzymatic mash treatments on yield, turbidity, color, and polyphenolic content of cloudy apple juice were studied. Using HPLC-ESI-MS, cryptochlorogenic acid was identified in cv. Brettacher cloudy apple juice for the first time. Commercial pectolytic enzyme preparations with different levels of secondary protease activity were tested under both oxidative and nonoxidative conditions. Without the addition of ascorbic acid, oxidation substantially decreased chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 contents due to enzymatic browning. The content of chlorogenic acid as the major polyphenolic compound was also influenced by the composition of pectolytic enzyme preparations because the presence of secondary protease activity resulted in a rise of chlorogenic acid. The latter effect was probably due to the inhibited protein-polyphenol interactions, which prevented binding of polyphenolic compounds to the matrix, thus increasing their antioxidative potential. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the advantage of the nonoxidative mash maceration for the production of cloud-stable apple juice with a high polyphenolic content, particularly in a premature processing campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril Mihalev
- Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, August-von-Hartmann-Strasse 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Schieber A, Keller P, Streker P, Klaiber I, Carle R. Detection of isorhamnetin glycosides in extracts of apples (Malus domestica cv. "Brettacher") by HPLC-PDA and HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2002; 13:87-94. [PMID: 12018028 DOI: 10.1002/pca.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of apple fruits (Malus domestica cv. "Brettacher") were analysed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. An unknown peak was monitored displaying the same retention time as isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. Preliminary identification of the isorhamnetin aglycone was performed by comparison of UV spectral data of the unknown compound with a reference substance. Using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode, the presence of an isorhamnetin glycoside was supported by loss of 162 amu from the pseudomolecular ion (m/z 477). MS2 product ion analysis of the parent ion m/z 477 provided a fragmentation pattern identical to the reference. Collision-induced dissociation of the aglycone (m/z 315) in the MS3 product ion analysis allowed the differentiation of rhamnetin and isorhamnetin, and unambiguous assignment by comparison with standard compounds. A second isorhamnetin glycoside eluting prior to the glucoside was tentatively identified as isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isorhamnetin glycosides in apple fruit extracts. Results are discussed with respect to chemotaxonomic relevance within the genera Malus and Pyrus, and especially in consideration of the control of the authenticity of apple products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schieber
- Hohenheim University, Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Techology, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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