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Bai T, Shi Z, Bao S, Hou X, Zhao Y, Leung WLW, Li Y, Pan S, Xin Y, Luo Y, Xiao X, Bai L, Li H. The structural discrepancy in the immunomodulatory potency of the polysaccharides RFHP-1 and RFHP-2 derived from Radix Fici Hirtae. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 315:144432. [PMID: 40403788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 04/20/2025] [Accepted: 05/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
Radix Fici Hirtae (RFH), a traditional Chinese medication, is said to be useful in controlling immunity. However, it remained unclear whether its polysaccharides components are associated with these immunomodulatory properties. Herein, two polysaccharides, designated RFHP-1 and RFHP-2, were isolated from RFH using water-soluble alcohol precipitation and column chromatography. Structural characterization by monosaccharide content analysis, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed that the main chain of RFHP-1 was formed by the interconnection of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and the main chain of RFHP-2 was formed by the interconnection of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→. Both RFHP-1 and RFHP-2 raised the CD4/CD8 ratio and improved the expression of immune factors in immunocompromised mice. By activating the NF-κB pathway (promote phosphorylation of p65 and IκB), RFHP-1 and RFHP-2 both promoted release cytokines (NO, TNF-a, IL-6, and IFN-γ) at RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results of molecular docking (-8.4 kcal/mol vs. -6.0 kcal/mol) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (-7.75 kcal/mol vs. -7.46 kcal/mol) demonstrated that RFHP-1 exhibited stronger binding affinity with MD2, suggesting greater immunoactivating potential. These findings indicate that RFHP polysaccharides, particularly RFHP-1, may serve as promising candidates for development as dietary supplements for individuals with compromised immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Bai
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhilong Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungal Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Shuguang Bao
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wai L W Leung
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yuhui Li
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sirigunqiqige Pan
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ying Xin
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ye Luo
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10071, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10071, China.
| | - Laxinamujila Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
| | - Huifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
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Jia H, Xie Y, Yi L, Cheng W, Song G, Shi W, Zhu J, Zhao S. Comparative Analysis of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Immune Barrier in Cecum of Dahe Pigs and Dahe Black Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:920. [PMID: 40218314 PMCID: PMC11987949 DOI: 10.3390/ani15070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune barrier is a developed and complex immune system, and there is a fine synergy between it and the induced immune response. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites of intestinal microbial fermentation. In the cecum of pigs, SCFAs not only provide energy for the host but also participate in regulating the function of the intestinal immune system. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of SCFAs in the regulation of immune gene expression in porcine cecum. SCFAs content and mRNA expression levels of immune genes in cecum were detected, and Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPI) network construction, key gene identification, and correlation analysis were performed. The results showed that the content of SCFAs in the cecum of Dahe black pigs (DHB) was lower than that of Dahe pigs (DH). There were significant differences in mRNA expression of some immune genes between the two groups. GO functional annotation found terms related to cytokine activity and protein heterodimerization activity; the KEGG pathway was enriched in several pathways related to intestinal immunity. The PPI network identified Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as key proteins. The correlation analysis showed that acetic acid and valerate were closely related to the immune response. In this study, the differences in cecal short-chain fatty acids and the immune barrier between Dahe pigs and Dahe black pigs were compared, which provided a theoretical basis for improving the intestinal immunity of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuxiao Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Lanlan Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenzhe Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junhong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Li JX, Xu DQ, Cui DX, Fu RJ, Niu ZC, Liu WJ, Tang YP. Exploring the structure-activity relationship of Safflower polysaccharides: From the structural characteristics to biological function and therapeutic applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 339:119131. [PMID: 39577676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.119131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Safflower, the florets of Carthamus tinctorius L., is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for promoting circulation and improving dysmenorrhea. Polysaccharides is one of the principal water-soluble components in Safflower, which recently endowed with a variety of biological activities, thus making them have important research significance in the field of ethnopharmacology. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarized the latest research progress on the preparation technology, structural characteristics, and pharmacological effects of Safflower polysaccharides. Moreover, by comparing the structural characteristic of Safflower polysaccharides, the potential structure-activity relationship of Safflower polysaccharides was also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article used keywords including Safflower polysaccharide, Carthamus tinctorius L polysaccharide, Safflower polysaccharide extraction and separation, Safflower polysaccharide structure, and Safflower polysaccharide anti-tumor effects to search for all relevant literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, CNKI and other databases from the establishment of the database to July 2024. RESULTS Summarizing current research findings, seventeen homogeneous Safflower polysaccharides have been obtained. Their structural characteristics, including molecular weights, monosaccharide composition, sugar residue types, glycosidic bond configuration, and the linkage sequence, were initially researched. In terms of pharmacological activity, Safflower polysaccharides exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including immune regulation, anti-tumor effects, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of Safflower polysaccharides significantly influence its biological activities, encompassing factors such as molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and degree of branching. CONCLUSION Safflower polysaccharides have seen significant advancements in recent years regarding preparation methods, structural characterization, and pharmacological studies. These achievements would provide a theoretical basis for the application of Safflower polysaccharide in the field of ethnopharmacology. While Safflower polysaccharides exhibit diverse biological activities and significant potential for development and utilization, further in-depth research is needed to enhance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and optimize their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Ze-Chen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Chen H, Xu R, Xu E, Chen Y, Niu C, Chen Y. Construction and performance evaluation of polyguluronic acid polysaccharides-based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114083. [PMID: 39029246 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have garnered significant attention as potential nanoparticle carriers for targeted tumor therapy due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Polyguluronic acid (PG) is a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide fragment derived from alginate, which is found in brown algae, possesses excellent bioactivities, unique properties. This study explored the immunomodulatory activity of PG and developed PG-based nanogels through modified disulfide bonds and Ca2+ dual crosslinking. We characterized their structure, assessed their drug-loading and release properties, and ultimately validated both the safety of the nanocarrier and the in vitro anti-tumor efficacy of the encapsulated drug. Results indicated that PG significantly enhanced the proliferative activity and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells while promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokine secretion. The study identified TLR4 as the primary receptor for PG recognition in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, PG-based drug-carrying nanogels were prepared, exhibiting uniform sizes of about 184 nm and demonstrating exceptional encapsulation efficiency (82.15 ± 0.82 %) and drug loading capacity (8.12 ± 0.08 %). In vitro release experiments showed that these nanogels could responsively release drugs under conditions of high glutathione (GSH) reduction, facilitating drug accumulation at tumor sites and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This research not only expands the application of PG in drug delivery systems but also provides valuable insights into leveraging natural immunomodulatory polysaccharides as carriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyu Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Niu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
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Wei J, Dai Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Tian X, Yan T, Jin X, Jiang S. Natural plant-derived polysaccharides targeting macrophage polarization: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408377. [PMID: 39351237 PMCID: PMC11439661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Wei
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Processing, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Center for Post-Doctoral Studies, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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Lin P, Tang X, Zhong J, Tang F, Liu H, Peng L, Wan B, Wang M, Ye Y, Guo R, Liu X, Deng L. Antibacterial, ROS scavenging and angiogenesis promoting ϵ-Polylysine/gelatin based hydrogel containing CTLP to regulate macrophages for pressure ulcer healing. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025025. [PMID: 38408382 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2d2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) have emerged as a substantial burden on individuals and society. The introduction of innovative dressings that facilitate the healing of pressure ulcer wounds represents a cost-effective alternative for treatment. In this study, the emphasis is on the preparation of Carthamus tinctorius L. polysaccharide (CTLP) as hydrogel microspheres (MPs), which are then encapsulated within a hydrogel matrix crosslinked with phenylboronic acid gelatin (Gelatin-PBA) andϵ-polylysine-grafted catechol (ϵ-PL-Cat) to enable sustained release for promoting pressure ulcer healing. The presented Gelatin-PBA/ϵ-PL-Cat (GPL)/CTLP-MPs hydrogel demonstrated outstanding self-healing properties. In addition,in vitroexperiments revealed that the hydrogel exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity, excellent biocompatibility. And it showed the capacity to promote vascular formation, effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, and facilitate macrophage polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype.In vivowound healing of mice PUs indicated that the prepared GPL/CTLP-MPs hydrogel effectively accelerated the formation of granulation tissue and facilitated the healing of the wounds. In summary,in vivoandin vitroexperiments consistently highlight the therapeutic potential of GPL/CTLP-MPs hydrogel in facilitating the healing process of PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- PinLi Lin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Tang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Zhong
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjiao Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Peng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Wan
- School of Nursing Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- School of Nursing Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Deng
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51000, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Yu L, Zhu T, Xu S, He J, Mao N, Liu Z, Wang D. Neuroprotective effects of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide on chronic constant light (CCL)-induced oxidative stress and autophagic cell death via the AKT/mTOR pathway in mouse hippocampus and HT-22 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129813. [PMID: 38286367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) has been reported to exhibit anti-anxiety effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Chronic constant light (CCL) induced cognitive dysfunction associated with oxidative stress in mice has been reported. Here, the neuroprotective effect of RGP on hippocampal neuron damage in CCL-treated mice was investigated. In vivo study, mice were subjected to CCL for 4 weeks and/or oral administration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg RGP every other day. In vitro experiment, hippocampal neuron cells (HT-22) was exposed to LED light and/or supplemented with 62.5, 125 and 250 μg/mL RGP. Mice exposed to CCL showed impaired cognitive and depressive-like behavior in the hippocampus, which were reversed by RGP. Meanwhile, RGP reversed light-induced oxidative stress and autophagy both in mice and hippocampal neuron cells (HT-22). Furthermore, compared with Light-exposed group, RGP treatment activated the AKT/mTOR pathway. Importantly, the AKT inhibitor Perifosine significantly weakened the neuroprotective of RGP on Light-induced oxidative stress and autophagy in HT-22 cells by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and increasing the content of autophagy-related protein. Our data demonstrated, for the first time, that oxidative stress and the AKT/mTOR pathway plays a critical role in Light-induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death in mice and HT-22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ningning Mao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Guo H, Wu H, Hou Y, Hu P, Du J, Cao L, Yang R, Dong X, Li Z. Oat β-D-glucan ameliorates type II diabetes through TLR4/PI3K/AKT mediated metabolic axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126039. [PMID: 37516222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major global public health problems. Our previous results found that oat β-D-glucan exhibited ameliorative effects on diabetic mice, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study indicates that oat β-D-glucan increased glycogen content, decreased glycogen synthase (GS) phosphorylation and increased hepatic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation for glycogen synthesis via PI3K/AKT/GSK3-mediated GS activation. Moreover, oat β-D-glucan inhibited gluconeogenesis through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1-mediated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decrease. In addition, oat β-D-glucan enhanced glucose catabolism through elevated protein levels of COQ9, UQCRC2, COXIV and ATP5F complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as that of TFAM, a key regulator of mitochondrial gene expression. Importantly, our results showed that oat β-D-glucan maintained hepatic glucose balance via TLR4-mediated intracellular signal. After TLR4 blocking with anti-TLR4 antibody, oat β-D-glucan had almost no effect on high glucose-induced HepG2 cells. These data revealed that oat β-D-glucan maintains glucose balance by regulating the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China; Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - YanBing Hou
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Pengli Hu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Jine Du
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Lijia Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Ruipeng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xiushan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China.
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Luetragoon T, Thongsri Y, Daotak K, Potup P, Usuwanthim K. Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory properties of kaffir lime leaves and bioactive compounds on macrophages co-cultured with squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281378. [PMID: 36802384 PMCID: PMC9943011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Late-stage patients have a significant chance of local recurrence and distant metastasis, as well as poor prognosis. Therapeutic goals for patients must be improved and personalized to reduce adverse effects. This study explored the anti-proliferative activity and immunomodulation potential of the constituents of crude kaffir lime leaf extract (lupeol, citronellal and citronellol) under co-culture. Results showed high cytotoxicity to human SCC15 cell line but not to human monocyte-derived macrophages. Treatment with crude extract and the contained compounds also suppressed cell migration and colony formation of SCC15 compared to the untreated control group, while high levels of intracellular ROS production were detected in the treatment group of SCC15. The MuseTM cell analyzer revealed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis induction. Inhibition of Bcl-2 and activation of Bax, leading to induction of the downstream caspase-dependent death pathway were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Co-culture with activated macrophages, kaffir lime extract and its constituents enhanced the development of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and boosted TNF-α production, resulting in SCC15 apoptosis. Findings revealed novel potential activities of kaffir lime leaf extracts and their constituents in inducing M1 polarization against SCC15, as well as direct anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Luetragoon
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Krai Daotak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Purification, Characterization and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020596. [PMID: 36677653 PMCID: PMC9865783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the main bioactive components in safflower. In this study, safflower polysaccharides (SPs) were extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction, and four purified safflower polysaccharide fractions (named SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, and SSP4, respectively) were obtained. The physicochemical properties and in vitro physiological activities of the four fractions were investigated. The molecular weights (MW) of the SSPs were 38.03 kDa, 43.17 kDa, 54.49 kDa, and 76.92 kDa, respectively. Glucuronic acid, galactose acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose were the main monosaccharides. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that the polysaccharides had α- and β-glycosidic bonds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that SSP1 had 6 different types of glycosidic bonds, while SSP3 had 8 different types. SSP3 exhibited relatively higher ABTS+ scavenging activity, Fe+3-reduction activity, and antiproliferative activity. The results will offer a theoretical framework for the use of SPs in the industry of functional foods and medications.
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11
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de Souza MA, Gomes MSC, da Silva AE, da Costa Rangel R, Braz GRF, Pedroza AA, Costa LAR, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Lagranha CJ, de Menezes Santos Bertozzo CC, de Melo MFFT, Soares JKB. Maternal safflower oil consumption improve reflex maturation, memory and reduces hippocampal oxidative stress in the offspring rats treated during pregnancy and lactation. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:33-39. [PMID: 36029874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the influence of maternal consumption of safflower oil on reflex maturation, memory and offspring hippocampal oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY Two groups were formed: control group (C), whose mothers received a standard diet, and Safflower group (SF), whose mothers received a normolipidic diet with safflower oil as lipid source. Treatment was given from the 14th day of gestation and throughout lactation. To evaluate newborn development, the reflex ontogeny indicators between the 1st and the 21st days of life were evaluated; to assess memory, from the 42nd day of life on these animals were examined on open field habituation and novel object recognition test. Following behavioral analysis, the animals were anesthetized and decapitated. Hippocampus was rapidly dissected. In the hippocampal tissues, we evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). RESULTS SF offspring showed delayed maturation of reflexes and improvement of novel object recognition in short-term and long-term (p < 0.05). Safflower oil decreases lipid peroxidation evaluated by MDA levels (p < 0.001) and increases antioxidant defenses as shown by SOD, CAT, GST and GSH levels (p < 0.05). In our study, the composition of flavonoids present in the oil was not evaluated. Furthermore, in a future study, the effect of maternal consumption on female offspring should be verified. CONCLUSION Maternal intake of safflower oil could: (1) change neonate reflex parameters, (2) promote improvement of cognitive development in adolescence (3) improve antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glauber Rudá F Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolônio Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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12
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Guan X, Wang Q, Lin B, Sun M, Zheng Q, Huang J, Lai G. Structural characterization of a soluble polysaccharide SSPS1 from soy whey and its immunoregulatory activity in macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:131-141. [PMID: 35835298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A soluble soybean polysaccharide SSPS1 with a molecular weight of 2737 kDa was extracted and purified from soy whey. SSPS1 was composed of glucose (97.3 %) and a small amount of mannose (2.7 %). Structural analysis results suggested that SSPS1 had a → 6)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → glucan structure, with a trace amount of α-d-Glcp-(1 → connected to the main chain via O-3. In vitro immunological experiments suggested that SSPS1 enhanced the growth rate and phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SSPS1 stimulated the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, INF-β, IL-6 and IL-1β) as well as nitric oxide (NO) production through upregulating the expression of the related genes and proteins in RAW 264.7 cells. This study provided a new method for efficient utilization of soy whey, and the results indicate that SSPS1 extracted from soy whey could be used as a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Guan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Juqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Gongti Lai
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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13
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An integrative approach to harnessing the potential of Traditional Indian Medicinal plants for acute viral infections. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Jung JI, Lee HS, Kim SM, Kim S, Lim J, Woo M, Kim EJ. Immunostimulatory activity of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract occurs via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:685-699. [DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Jung
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - So Mi Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- R&D Center, World Food Services Co. Ltd., Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Jihoon Lim
- R&D Center, World Food Services Co. Ltd., Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Moonjea Woo
- R&D Center, World Food Services Co. Ltd., Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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15
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Zhao W, Liu J, Li Y, Chen Z, Qi D, Zhang Z. Immune Effect of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731741. [PMID: 34925002 PMCID: PMC8678494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are heterogeneous, poorly prognostic, and metastatic malignancies that result in a high risk of death for patients. Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer has been extremely challenging due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Clinical treatment regimens for triple-negative breast cancer are often based on paclitaxel and platinum drugs, but drug resistance and side effects from the drugs frequently lead to treatment failure, thus requiring the development of new therapeutic platforms. In recent years, research on traditional Chinese medicine in modulating the immune function of the body has shown that it has the potential to be an effective treatment option against triple-negative breast cancer. Active components of herbal medicines such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating inflammatory immune responses and can modulate tumor-related signaling pathways to further inhibit the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms of different herbal active ingredients against triple-negative breast cancer and provides an outlook on the challenges and directions of development for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with herbal active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zichao Chen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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16
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Li M, Wen J, Huang X, Nie Q, Wu X, Ma W, Nie S, Xie M. Interaction between polysaccharides and toll-like receptor 4: Primary structural role, immune balance perspective, and 3D interaction model hypothesis. Food Chem 2021; 374:131586. [PMID: 34839969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various structural types of polysaccharides are recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the mechanism of interaction between the polysaccharides with different structures and TLR4 is unclarified. This review summarized the primary structure of polysaccharides related to TLR4, mainly including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, functional groups, and branched-chain structure. The optimal primary structure for interacting with TLR4 was obtained by the statistical analysis. Besides, the dual-directional regulation of TLR4 signaling cascade by polysaccharides was also elucidated from an immune balance perspective. Finally, the 3D interaction model of polysaccharides to TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex was hypothesized according to the LPS-TLR4-MD2 dimerization model and the polysaccharides solution conformation. The essence of polysaccharides binding to TLR4-MD2 complex is a multivalent non-covalent bond interaction. All the arguments summarized in this review are intended to provide some new insights into the interaction between polysaccharides and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xincheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wanning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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17
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Wu X, Cai X, Ai J, Zhang C, Liu N, Gao W. Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767947. [PMID: 34744747 PMCID: PMC8563581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a herbal plant with a long history of clinical application worldwide, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. It is also extensively used as an important oilseed plant for hundreds of years in some countries, like China, India, Mexico and the United States. Therefore, safflower is believed as a crop with dual values of medicine and economy as well. Safflower polysaccharides (SPS), from the plant, are believed as one of the most important biologically active components with multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury effects. The polysaccharides, from bee pollen of safflower, named PBPC, also attract the attention of researchers because of their particular origin and bioactivities. Although the extraction, purification, structure and biological activities of SPS and PBPC have been studied for decades, there is not any available review both concerning SPS and PBPC. In this condition, this paper aims to systematically review the research progress in extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and bioactivities of SPS and PBPC, and provide basis for the in-depth study about their structure-bioactivity relationship. It will serve as a methodological outline for further research in fields of new drug discovery and clinical application of SPS or PBPC, and simultaneously remind us of unresolved problems noted in the polysaccharide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang Q, Huang Y, Jia M, Lu D, Zhang HW, Huang D, Liu SH, Lv C. Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761641. [PMID: 34744741 PMCID: PMC8569377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the active fractions extracted from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has been reported to possess antitumor and immune control roles. However, its antitumor mechanisms by regulating the immune pathway remain barely understood. In this study, a mouse model was established by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to evaluate the antitumor effect of SPS on colorectal cancer (CRC). The results showed that 50 mg/kg SPS-1, an active fraction isolated from SPS, could significantly inhibit CRC induced by AOM/DSS and changed the polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, SPS-1 treatment significantly alleviated the characteristic AOM/DSS-induced pathological symptoms, in terms of decreasing the nucleoplasmic ratio, nuclear polarity extinction, and gland hyperplasia. However, the results in vitro showed that SPS-1 did not directly inhibit the growth of CRC cells but could upregulate the NF-κB signal and trigger M1 macrophage transformation. Thus, the condition medium (CM) of Mφ pretreated with SPS-1 was used against CRC cells. As expected, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 markedly exhibited antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing cell colony formation. In addition, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 could also induce CRC cell apoptosis by upregulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). Further results suggested that SPS-1–induced transition of the macrophage phenotype could be suppressed by an NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. Moreover, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis were also rescued by PDTC. Taken together, all results suggested that SPS-1 could be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Hong Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Adetunji CO, Akram M, Michael OS, Shahzad K, Ayeni AE, Hasan S, Adetunji JB, Hasan SM, Inamuddin, Olaniyan M, Muhibi MA. Polysaccharides Derived From Natural Sources: A Panacea to Health and Nutritional Challenges. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Kim JG, Dong X, Park SH, Bayazid AB, Jeoung SA, Lim BO. Bioconversion of black rice and blueberry regulate immunity system through regulation of MAPKs, NF-kB in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021; 32:471-481. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1956434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR GLOCAL Education Program for Nutraceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Park
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
- R&D Center, Ahn-Gook Health, Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Al Borhan Bayazid
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Jeoung
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
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21
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Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Promote Maturity of Murine Dendritic Cells through Toll-Like Receptor 4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1751793. [PMID: 33344654 PMCID: PMC7725586 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1751793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), a traditional Chinese medicine, can promote immature dendritic cells (DCs) to mature. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LBP works are not yet elucidated. Here, we found that LBP can induce DCs maturation, which is mainly characterized by the upregulation of MHCII and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and increase the production of IL-6 and IL-4. Furthermore, we found that LBP could increase the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, p38, Erk1/2, JNK, and Blimp1 signal molecules. More interestingly, after blocking by Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor, Resatorvid (TAK 242), the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, Erk1/2, and Blimp1 was significantly decreased while the expression of p38 and JNK has not changed. Then, we found that after blocking by p38 inhibitor (SB203580), Erk inhibitor (PD98059), and JNK inhibitor (SP603580) separately, Blimp1 protein expression was significantly reduced; after downregulating Blimp1 by Blimp1-siRNA, the production of IL-6 was reduced. In conclusion, our results indicate that LBP can induce maturation of DCs through the TLR4-Erk1/2-Blimp1 signal pathway instead of the JNK/p38-Blimp1 pathway. Our findings may provide a novel evidence for understanding the molecular mechanisms of LBP on activating murine DCs.
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22
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Hoffman RD, Li CY, He K, Wu X, He BC, He TC, Gao JL. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 32372963 PMCID: PMC7186375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is an accepted and integral part of clinical cancer management alongside Western medicine in China. However, historically TCM physicians were unaware of the chemical constituents of their formulations, and the specific biological targets in the body. Through HPLC, flow cytometry, and other processes, researchers now have a much clearer picture of how herbal medicine works in conjunction with the immune system in cancer therapy. Among them, the regulation of tumor-related T cells plays the most important role in modulating tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine. Encouraging results have been well-documented, including an increase in T cell production along with their associated cytokines, enhanced regulation of Tregs and important T cell ratios, the formation and function of Tregs in tumor microenvironments, and the promotion of the number and function of normal T Cells to reduce conventional cancer therapy side effects. Chinese herbal medicine represents a rich field of research from which to draw further inspiration for future studies. While promising agents have already been identified, the vast majority of Chinese herbal mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of specific Chinese herbs and herbal decoctions on tumor related T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hoffman
- International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,DAOM Department, Five Branches University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Liu KS, Zhang C, Dong HL, Li KK, Han QB, Wan Y, Chen R, Yang F, Li HL, Ko CH, Han XQ. GSP-2, a polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma sinense, is a novel toll-like receptor 4 agonist. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221636. [PMID: 31442262 PMCID: PMC6707555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma sinense is a Chinese unique medicinal fungus that has been used in folk medicine for thousands of years. Polysaccharides are considered to be biologically active ingredients due to their immune-modulating functions. Previously we found that GSP-2, a new polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma sinense, exerts an immunomodulatory effect in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate how GSP-2 triggers immunologic responses and the implicated signaling pathways. GSP-2 effects were investigated both in a macrophagic cell line, RAW264.7, and in primary macrophages. Moreover, the molecular basis of GSP-2 recognition by immune cells, and the consequent activation of signaling cascades, were explored by employing recombinant human HEK293-TLR-Blue clones, individually overexpressing various Toll-like receptors. GSP-2 dose-dependently induced the overexpression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) but did not affect the expression of other TLRs. Moreover, GSP-2 induced TNFα secretion in primary macrophages from wild-type, but not TLR4-knockout mice. In addition, GSP-2 upregulated TLR4 protein expression and activated the MAPK pathway in RAW246.7 macrophages. Finally, GSP-2 induced the production of the cytokines TNFα, IL1β, and IL6. Our data demonstrated that GSP-2 was specifically recognized by TLR4, promoting cytokine secretion and immune modulation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Sheng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong-Liang Dong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Kai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Li Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (XQH); (CHK)
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (XQH); (CHK)
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Ma F, Cui Q, Bai G. Combining UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS With Biological Evaluation for NF-κB Inhibitors in Uyghur Medicine Althaea rosea Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1975. [PMID: 30687369 PMCID: PMC6334161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Althaea rosea (Linn.) flower is a common plant that is often used to control inflammation in Uyghur ethnic medicine. However, its active ingredients remain uncertain and difficult to identify, severely limiting its use as a valuable crop. This paper aims to establish a rapid assay strategy for the integration of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) and a biologically active (NF-κB inhibitor) luciferase reporter detection system to explore various anti-inflammatory compounds of A. rosea (Linn.) flowers. Potential anti-inflammatory components were screened using the NF-κB activity assay system and simultaneously identified based on mass spectrometry data. Four structural types of NF-κB inhibitors (phenolic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, flavonoid, and dihydroflavone) were identified. Further cytokine assays confirmed their potential anti-inflammatory effects as NF-κB inhibitors. Compared with traditional chromatographic separation, integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS identification compounds, and biological activity verification are more convenient and more reliable. This strategy clearly demonstrates that fingerprinting based on MS data not only can identify unknown components but also is a powerful and useful tool for screening trace active ingredients directly from complex matrices. A. rosea (Linn.) exhibits great health and pharmaceutical value and may contribute to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Fu L, Qian Y, Wang C, Xie M, Huang J, Wang Y. Two polysaccharides from Porphyra modulate immune homeostasis by NF-κB-dependent immunocyte differentiation. Food Funct 2019; 10:2083-2093. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyra polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects, but the specific underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yi Qian
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Chong Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Menghua Xie
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Jianjian Huang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
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Gupta PK, Kulkarni S. Polysaccharide rich extract (PRE) from Tinospora cordifolia inhibits the intracellular survival of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages by nitric oxide induction. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:81-90. [PMID: 30514517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plethora of clinical and scientific information obtained in recent past has strengthened the idea that targeting critical constituents of host immune system may have beneficial outcomes for the treatment of tuberculosis. Macrophages being the primary host for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, offer an attractive target for modulation. Owing to their negligible toxicity, plant derived polysaccharides with the ability to activate macrophages; are suitable candidates for immunomodulation. In the present study, effects of polysaccharide rich extract (PRE) isolated from Tinospora cordifolia, on the survival of intracellular MTB strains and activation of macrophages were investigated. PRE treatment up regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cell line. Up regulation in the expression of NOS2 was observed along with concomitant enhanced nitric oxide production post PRE treatment. Surface expression of MHC-II and CD-86 was up regulated after PRE treatment. Above results suggested the classical activation of macrophages by PRE treatment. Furthermore, PRE treatment led to the activation of all the three classes of MAPK i.e p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs. Further, PRE up regulated the expression of cytokines, NOS-2, MHC-II and CD-86 in MTB infected macrophages. PRE treatment inhibited the intracellular survival of drug resistant MTB in macrophages which was partially attributed to PRE mediated NO induction. Thus our data demonstrate classical activation of macrophages by PRE treatment and killing of intracellular MTB by NO induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Gupta
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, c/o TMH Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India.
| | - Savita Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, c/o TMH Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India.
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27
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Yao Y, Yao J, Du Z, Wang P, Ding K. Structural elucidation and immune-enhancing activity of an arabinogalactan from flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhou H, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang R, Li X, Zhang S. Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:167. [PMID: 30103745 PMCID: PMC6090826 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the most important active components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), which has been confirmed to have the immune-regulatory function and antitumor effect. This study aimed to explore the effects of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). METHODS HN-6 cells were treated with 5 μg/mL cisplatin and various concentrations of SPS (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 mg/mL), and cell proliferation was measured. After treatment with 5 μg/mL cisplatin and 0.64 mg/mL SPS, the induction of apoptosis and the protein and mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, COX-2, and cleaved caspase-3 in HN-6 cells were quantified. In addition, HN-6 cells were implanted into mice to establish an in vivo tumor xenograft model. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: SPS treatment, cisplatin treatment, and the model group (no treatment). The body weight, tumor volume, and tumor weight were measured, and the expression of the above molecules was determined. RESULTS SPS treatment (0.02-0.64 mg/mL) for 24-72 h inhibited HN-6 cell proliferation. In addition, 0.64 mg/mL SFP markedly induced apoptosis in HN-6 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Compared with the control group, the expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 was markedly reduced by SPS treatment, whereas the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was increased. Moreover, SPS significantly inhibited the growth of the tumor xenograft, with similar changes in the expression of Bcl-2, COX-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in the tumor xenograft to the in vitro analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that SPS may inhibit TSCC development through regulation of Bcl-2, COX-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cleft Palate Speech, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuhan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cleft Palate Speech, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Wu H, Dai A, Chen X, Yang X, Li X, Huang C, Jiang K, Deng G. Leonurine ameliorates the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Zhang P, Shi B, Li T, Xu Y, Jin X, Guo X, Yan S. Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia argyi
polysaccharide on peripheral blood leucocyte of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:939-946. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Zhang
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - B. Shi
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - T. Li
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - Y. Xu
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - X. Jin
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - X. Guo
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
| | - S. Yan
- College of Animal Science; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; Hohhot China
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31
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Li Q, Niu Y, Xing P, Wang C. Bioactive polysaccharides from natural resources including Chinese medicinal herbs on tissue repair. Chin Med 2018; 13:7. [PMID: 29445417 PMCID: PMC5802060 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional polysaccharides can be derived from plants (including herbs), animals and microorganisms. They have been widely used in a broad of biomedical applications, such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery vehicles. In the past few years, increasing studies have started to develop natural polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MAIN BODY We discuss in this article the emerging applications of natural polysaccharides-particularly those derived from Chinese medicine-for wound healing. First, we introduce natural polysaccharides of three natural sources and their biological activities. Then, we focus on certain natural polysaccharides with growth factor-binding affinities and their inspired polymeric tools, with an emphasis on how these polysaccharides could possibly benefit wound healing. Finally, we report the latest progress in the discovery of polysaccharides from Chinese medicinal herbs with identified activities favouring tissue repair. CONCLUSION Natural polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential to serve as therapeutic tools for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Panfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
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Shu Y, Yu Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Xiao Y, Liu C. The immunomodulatory role of sulfated chitosan in BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2496-2507. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00701b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory property of biomaterials is vital in determining the in vivo fate of implants and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Yuanman Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
| | - Yin Xiao
- Australia-China Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education
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33
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Wu H, Yang Y, Guo S, Yang J, Jiang K, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. Nuciferine Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the TLR4-Mediated Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 29311940 PMCID: PMC5742629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with sepsis occurring in critical patients, who usually lack effective therapy. Nuciferine is a primary bioactive component extracted from the lotus leaf, and it displays extensive pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI in mice has not been investigated. ALI of mice stimulated by LPS was used to determine the anti-inflammatory function of nuciferine. The molecular mechanism of nuciferine was performed on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results of pathological section, myeloperoxidase activity and lung wet/dry ratio showed that nuciferine alleviated LPS-induced lung injury (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments suggested that nuciferine inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in tissues and RAW264.7 cells but increased IL-10 secretion (p < 0.05). Molecular studies showed that TLR4 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were both inhibited by nuciferine treatment (p < 0.05). To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nuciferine, TLR4 was knocked down. When TLR4 was silenced, LPS induced the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α was markedly decreased by TLR4-siRNA and nuciferine treatment in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). These results suggested that nuciferine had the ability to protect against LPS-stimulated ALI. Thus, nuciferine may be a potential drug for treating LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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34
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Degalactosylation of xyloglucans modify their pro-inflammatory properties on murine peritoneal macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides extracted from Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Yue SJ, Wang WX, Qu C, Xin LT, Tang YP, Duan JA, Wang CY. DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Activity of Quinochalcone C-glycosides from the Florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase (Topo) I inhibitory activity of six quinochalcone C-glycosides (QCGs) isolated from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius were evaluated in vitro. Among them, anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB, 4) and carthorquinoside B (6) could inhibit DNA Topo I at concentrations as low as 100 μM. Molecular docking study revealed that both of them have the capacity to stabilize Topo I-DNA cleavage complex in silico interacting with the essential binding sites, such as Arg364, Thr718 and TGP11. Besides, both compounds 4 and 6 exhibited no antitumor activity by in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
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Li M, Chen LX, Chen SR, Deng Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Li SP. Non-starch polysaccharide from Chinese yam activated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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38
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Gupta PK, Rajan M, Kulkarni S. Activation of murine macrophages by G1-4A, a polysaccharide from Tinospora cordifolia, in TLR4/MyD88 dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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Cheng F, Yan X, Zhang M, Chang M, Yun S, Meng J, Liu J, Feng CP. Regulation of RAW 264.7 cell-mediated immunity by polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill via the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Food Funct 2017; 8:1475-1480. [PMID: 28322382 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is a common anticancer folk remedy. Its active ingredients, i.e., polysaccharides, have been isolated and exhibit indirect tumor-suppressing activity via immunological activation. The effects of polysaccharides derived from A. blazei Murill (ABMP) on RAW 264.7 cells were examined by western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of 500, 1000, and 2000 μg mL-1 ABMP on the growth of RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by measuring the OD490 value; the optimum concentration was found to be 1000 μg mL-1. Based on the RT-PCR results, the expression levels of JNK, ERK, and p38 decreased substantially in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells treated with ABMP. In RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS, the protein expression levels of JNK, ERK, and p38 were decreased, as were the levels of phosphorylated JNK, ERK, and p38. These results indicate that the MAPK signal transduction pathway is a potential mechanism by which ABMP regulates the cell-mediated immunity of RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Cheng
- Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, People's Republic of China
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40
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Liu Y, Yin R, Liang S, Duan Y, Yao J, Duan Y, Yang X. Effect of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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41
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Kim YS, Kim EK, Nawarathna WPAS, Dong X, Shin WB, Park JS, Moon SH, Park PJ. Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050679. [PMID: 28441343 PMCID: PMC6154003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Althaea rosea (Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Its flowers are employed medicinally for their emollient, demulcent and diuretic properties, which make them useful in chest complaints. Furthermore, a flower extract decoction is used to improve blood circulation, for the treatment of constipation, dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhages, etc. However, the possible mechanisms of the immune-stimulatory effect remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of Althaea rosea flower (ARF) extracts in the immune-stimulatory effect of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of action. ARF water extract (ARFW) could dose-dependently increase NO production and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We also found that ARFW significantly increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, MAPK protein (JNK, ERK, p38) expression levels were induced after treatment with ARFW. Additionally, ARFW showed a marked increase in the phosphorylation level of IκBα and subsequent IκBα degradation allowing NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results suggest that the immune-stimulatory effect of A. rosea flower extracts is mediated through the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and other mediators (iNOS and COX-2), which occurs mainly through MAPK signalling pathway. Thus, we suggest that ARFW could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent useful in the development of immune-stimulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Bio Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | | | - Xin Dong
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
| | - Woen-Bin Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
| | - Jin-Su Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea.
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Astragalus polysaccharides exerts immunomodulatory effects via TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44822. [PMID: 28303957 PMCID: PMC5355992 DOI: 10.1038/srep44822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), which is widely used as a remedy to promote immunity of breast cancer patients, can enhance immune responses and exert anti-tumor effects. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of APS on macrophage RAW 264.7 and EAC tumor-bearing mice. Griess reaction and ELISA assays revealed that the concentrations of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased by APS. However, this effect was diminished in the presence of TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) or ST-2825(MyD88 inhibitor). In C57BL/10J (TLR4+/+wild-type) and C57BL/6J (MyD88+/+wild-type) tumor-bearing mice, the tumor apoptosis rate, immune organ indexes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in blood increased and the tumor weight decreased by oral administration of APS for 25 days. APS had no obvious effects on IL-12p70. However, these effects were not significant in C57BL/10ScNJ (TLR4-deficient) and C57BL/B6.129P2(SJL)-Myd88m1.1Defr/J (MyD88-deficient) tumor-bearing mice. qRT-PCR and Western blot indicated that APS stimulated the key nodes in the TLR4-MyD88 dependent signaling pathway, including TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, NF-κB and AP-1, both in vitro and in vivo. However, TRAM was an exception. Moreover, TRAF-6 and NF-κB were not triggered by APS in gene-deficient tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, APS may modulate immunity of host organism through activation of TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.
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Thunyakitpisal P, Ruangpornvisuti V, Kengkwasing P, Chokboribal J, Sangvanich P. Acemannan increases NF-κB/DNA binding and IL-6/-8 expression by selectively binding Toll-like receptor-5 in human gingival fibroblasts. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 161:149-157. [PMID: 28189222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acemannan, an acetylated polymannose from Aloe vera, has immunomodulatory effects. We investigated whether acemannan induces IL-6 and -8 expression and NF-κB/DNA binding in human gingival fibroblasts. IL-6 and -8 expression levels were assessed via RT-PCR and ELISA. The NF-κB p50/p65-DNA binding was determined. The structures of acemannan mono-pentamers and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were simulated. The binding energies between acemannan and TLR5 were identified. We found that acemannan significantly stimulated IL-6/-8 expression at both the mRNA and protein level and significantly increased p50/DNA binding. Preincubation with an anti-TLR5 neutralizing antibody abolished acemannan-induced IL-6/-8 expression and p50/DNA binding, and co-incubation of acemannan with Bay11-7082, a specific NF- κB inhibitor, abolished IL-6/-8 expression. The computer modeling indicated that monomeric/dimeric single stranded acemannan molecules interacted with the TLR5 flagellin recognition sites with a high binding affinity. We conclude that acemannan induces IL-6/-8 expression, and p50/DNA binding in gingival fibroblasts, at least partly, via a TLR5/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, acemannan selectively binds with TLR5 ectodomain flagellin recognition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pattrawadee Kengkwasing
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jaroenporn Chokboribal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Deng C, Shang J, Fu H, Chen J, Liu H, Chen J. Mechanism of the immunostimulatory activity by a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:752-9. [PMID: 27293036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata, an edible mushroom, is widely used not only as health foods but also as traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the immunostimulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP) in RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that DIP induced the up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) production as well as the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. Furthermore, the functional blocking antibodies against TLR4 could markedly suppress DIP-mediated NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production. Flow cytometry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analyses confirmed that DIP could bind specifically to target cells, and the binding could be inhibited by anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was significantly induced by DIP. Therefore, the DIP-induced macrophage activation may be mediated via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingying Shang
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haitian Fu
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hanying Liu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Gupta PK, Chakraborty P, Kumar S, Singh PK, Rajan MGR, Sainis KB, Kulkarni S. G1-4A, a Polysaccharide from Tinospora cordifolia Inhibits the Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Modulating Host Immune Responses in TLR4 Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154725. [PMID: 27148868 PMCID: PMC4858241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major health concern and demands the development of novel adjunct immunotherapeutic agents capable of modulating the host immune responses in order to control the pathogen. In the present study, we sought to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of G1-4A, a polysaccharide derived from the Indian medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia, in in-vitro and aerosol mouse models of MTB infection. G1-4A treatment of MTB infected RAW264.7 macrophages significantly induced the surface expression of MHC-II and CD-86 molecules, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ) and nitric oxide leading to reduced intracellular survival of both drug sensitive (H37Rv) as well as multi drug resistant strains (Beijing and LAM) of MTB, which was partially attributed to G1-4A induced NO production in TLR4-MyD88 dependent manner. Similarly, bacillary burden was significantly reduced in the lungs of MTB infected BALB/c mice treated with G1-4A, with simultaneous up-regulation of the expression of TNF-α, INF-γ and NOS2 in the mouse lung along with increased levels of Th1 cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-12 and decreased levels of Th2 cytokine like IL-4 in the serum. Furthermore, combination of G1-4A with Isoniazid (INH) exhibited better protection against MTB compared to that due to INH or G1-4A alone, suggesting its potential as adjunct therapy. Our results demonstrate that modulation of host immune responses by G1-4A might improve the therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-tubercular drugs and provide an attractive strategy for the development of alternative therapies to control tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pampi Chakraborty
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Tuberculosis Aerosol Challenge Facility, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafull Kumar Singh
- Tuberculosis Aerosol Challenge Facility, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - M. G. R. Rajan
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Krishna B. Sainis
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Savita Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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46
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Zhang X, Qi C, Guo Y, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Toll-like receptor 4-related immunostimulatory polysaccharides: Primary structure, activity relationships, and possible interaction models. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:186-206. [PMID: 27261743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is an important polysaccharide receptor; however, the relationships between the structures and biological activities of TLR4 and polysaccharides remain unknown. Many recent findings have revealed the primary structure of TLR4/MD-2-related polysaccharides, and several three-dimensional structure models of polysaccharide-binding proteins have been reported; and these models provide insights into the mechanisms through which polysaccharides interact with TLR4. In this review, we first discuss the origins of polysaccharides related to TLR4, including polysaccharides from higher plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. We then briefly describe the glucosidic bond types of TLR4-related heteroglycans and homoglycans and describe the typical molecular weights of TLR4-related polysaccharides. The primary structures and activity relationships of polysaccharides with TLR4/MD-2 are also discussed. Finally, based on the existing interaction models of LPS with TLR4/MD-2 and linear polysaccharides with proteins, we provide insights into the possible interaction models of polysaccharide ligands with TLR4/MD-2. To our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize the primary structures and activity relationships of TLR4-related polysaccharides and the possible mechanisms of interaction for TLR4 and TLR4-related polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Zhang LL, Tian K, Tang ZH, Chen XJ, Bian ZX, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Carthamus tinctorius L. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:197-226. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L. is a multifunctional cash crop. Its flowers and seeds are extensively used in traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries, for treating various ailments such as gynecological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases as well as blood stasis and osteoporosis. More than 100 compounds have been isolated and identified from C. tinctorius. Flavonoids and alkaloids, especially the quinochalcone c-glycoside hydroxysafflor yellow A, N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin, and N-feruloylserotonin, are responsible for most of the pharmacological activities of C. tinctorius. In this paper, comprehensive and up-to-date information on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. tinctorius is presented. This information will be helpful for further explorations of the therapeutic potential of C. tinctorius and may provide future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ke Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Wei W, Xiao HT, Bao WR, Ma DL, Leung CH, Han XQ, Ko CH, Lau CBS, Wong CK, Fung KP, Leung PC, Bian ZX, Han QB. TLR-4 may mediate signaling pathways of Astragalus polysaccharide RAP induced cytokine expression of RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:243-252. [PMID: 26743224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polysaccharides of Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge.; Huangqi) are able to induce cytokine production of macrophages and are considered the main active ingredient for the immune-enhancing effect of this commonly used medicinal herb. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the molecular mechanism of immunomodulating activities of a reported Astragalus polysaccharide, RAP, which is a hyperbranched heteroglycan with average molecular weight of 1334kDa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells were analyzed by using ELISA assays while cell viability was assessed by MTT method. Western blot analysis was used for determining protein contents of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition, the level of IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS It has been found that RAP itself did not have any cytotoxic effect on mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells, but it significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of the supernatant of RAW264.7cells on 4T1 cells. Furthermore, RAP enhanced the production of NO and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells, and significantly up-regulated gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS. All these bioactivities were blocked by the inhibitor of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), suggesting that TLR4 is a receptor of RAP and mediates its immunomodulating activity. Further analyses demonstrated that RAP rapidly activated TLR4-related MAPKs, including phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated JNK, and phosphorylated p38, and induced translocation of NF-κB as well as degradation of IκB-α. These results are helpful to better understand the immunomodulating effects of Radix Astragali. CONCLUSIONS RAP may induce cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells through TLR4-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Rong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Feng Z, Wang Z, Yang M, Zhou L, Bao Y. Polysaccharopeptide exerts immunoregulatory effects via MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Tu Y, Xue Y, Guo D, Sun L, Guo M. Carthami flos: a review of its ethnopharmacology, pharmacology and clinical applications. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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