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Terlingen B, Bos JW, Ahr M, Monai M, van Lare C, Weckhuysen BM. Europium–Magnesium–Aluminum-Based Mixed-Metal Oxides as Highly Active Methane Oxychlorination Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5147-5158. [PMID: 37123594 PMCID: PMC10127201 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Methane oxychlorination (MOC) is a promising reaction for the production of liquefied methane derivatives. Even though catalyst design is still in its early stages, the general trend is that benchmark catalyst materials have a redox-active site, with, e.g., Cu2+, Ce4+, and Pd2+ as prominent showcase examples. However, with the identification of nonreducible LaOCl moiety as an active center for MOC, it was demonstrated that a redox-active couple is not a requirement to establish a high activity. In this work, we show that Mg2+-Al3+-based mixed-metal oxide (MMO) materials are highly active and stable MOC catalysts. The synergistic interaction between Mg2+ and Al3+ could be exploited due to the fact that a homogeneous distribution of the chemical elements was achieved. This interaction was found to be crucial for the unexpectedly high MOC activity, as reference MgO and γ-Al2O3 materials did not show any significant activity. Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that Mg2+ acted as a chlorine buffer and subsequently as a chlorinating agent for Al3+, which was the active metal center in the methane activation step. The addition of the redox-active Eu3+ to the nonreducible Mg2+-Al3+ MMO catalyst enabled further tuning of the catalytic performance and made the EuMg3Al MMO catalyst one of the most active MOC catalyst materials reported so far. Combined operando Raman/luminescence spectroscopy revealed that the chlorination behavior of Mg2+ and Eu3+ was correlated, suggesting that Mg2+ also acted as a chlorinating agent for Eu3+. These results indicate that both redox activity and synergistic effects between Eu, Mg, and Al are required to obtain high catalytic performance. The importance of elemental synergy and redox properties is expected to be translatable to the oxychlorination of other hydrocarbons, such as light alkanes, due to large similarities in catalytic chemistry.
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Jan F, Yang M, Zhou N, Sun X, Li B. Engineering the catalytic properties of CeO2 catalyst in HCl-assisted propane dehydrogenation by effective doping: A first-principles-based microkinetic simulation. Front Chem 2023; 11:1133865. [PMID: 36970413 PMCID: PMC10036589 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1133865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HCl-assisted propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an attractive route for propene production with good selectivity. In this study, the doping of CeO2 with different transition metals, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu, in the presence of HCl was investigated for PDH. The dopants have a pronounced effect on the electronic structure of pristine ceria that significantly alters the catalytic capabilities. The calculations indicate the spontaneous dissociation of HCl on all surfaces with a facile abstraction of the first hydrogen atom except on V- and Mn-doped surfaces. The lowest energy barrier of 0.50 and 0.51eV was found for Pd- and Ni-doped CeO2 surfaces. The surface oxygen is responsible for hydrogen abstraction, and its activity is described by the p-band center. Microkinetics simulation is performed on all doped surfaces. The increase in the turnover frequency (TOF) is directly linked with the partial pressure of propane. The adsorption energy of reactants aligned with the observed performance. The reaction follows first-order kinetics to C3H8. Furthermore, on all surfaces, the formation of C3H7 is found as the rate-determining step confirmed by the degree of rate control (DRC) analysis. This study provides a decisive description of catalyst modification for HCl-assisted PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nuodan Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - XiaoYing Sun
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; XiaoYing Sun,
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; XiaoYing Sun,
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Terlingen BJP, Arens T, van Swieten TP, Rabouw FT, Prins PT, de Beer MM, Meijerink A, Ahr MP, Hutter EM, van Lare CEJ, Weckhuysen BM. Bifunctional Europium for Operando Catalyst Thermometry in an Exothermic Chemical Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211991. [PMID: 36328981 PMCID: PMC10099702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Often the reactor or the reaction medium temperature is reported in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, even though it could vary significantly from the reactive catalyst temperature. The influence of the catalyst temperature on the catalytic performance and vice versa is therefore not always accurately known. We here apply EuOCl as both solid catalyst and thermometer, allowing for operando temperature determination. The interplay between reaction conditions and the catalyst temperature dynamics is studied. A maximum temperature difference between the catalyst and oven of +16 °C was observed due to the exothermicity of the methane oxychlorination reaction. Heat dissipation by radiation appears dominating compared to convection in this set-up, explaining the observed uniform catalyst bed temperature. Application of operando catalyst thermometry could provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of catalyst performances and allow for safer process operation in chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas J P Terlingen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tjom Arens
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P van Swieten
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Tim Prins
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu P Ahr
- KLK Kolb Specialties, Langestraat 137, 7491 AE, Delden, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M Hutter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Terlingen B, Oord R, Ahr M, Hutter EM, van Lare C, Weckhuysen BM. Favoring the Methane Oxychlorination Reaction over EuOCl by Synergistic Effects with Lanthanum. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5698-5710. [PMID: 35557710 PMCID: PMC9087184 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct conversion of CH4 into fuels and chemicals produces less waste, requires smaller capital investments, and has improved energy efficiency compared to multistep processes. While the methane oxychlorination (MOC) reaction has been given little attention, it offers the potential to achieve high CH4 conversion levels at high selectivities. In a continuing effort to design commercially interesting MOC catalysts, we have improved the catalyst design of EuOCl by the partial replacement of Eu3+ by La3+. A set of catalytic solid solutions of La3+ and Eu3+ (i.e., La x Eu1-x OCl, where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) were synthesized and tested in the MOC reaction. The La3+-Eu3+ catalysts exhibit an increased CH3Cl selectivity (i.e., 54-66 vs 41-52%), a lower CH2Cl2 selectivity (i.e., 8-24 vs 18-34%), and a comparable CO selectivity (i.e., 11-28 vs 14-28%) compared to EuOCl under the same reaction conditions and varying HCl concentrations in the feed. The La3+-Eu3+ catalysts possessed a higher CH4 conversion rate than when the individual activities of LaOCl and EuOCl are summed with a similar La3+/Eu3+ ratio (i.e., the linear combination). In the solid solution, La3+ is readily chlorinated and acts as a chlorine buffer that can transfer chlorine to the active Eu3+ phase, thereby enhancing the activity. The improved catalyst design enhances the CH3Cl yield and selectivity and reduces the catalyst cost and the separation cost of the unreacted HCl. These results showcase that, by matching intrinsic material properties, catalyst design can be altered to overcome reaction bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Terlingen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Ahr
- Nobian, Zutphenseweg
10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coert van Lare
- Nobian, Zutphenseweg
10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Terlingen B, Oord R, Ahr M, Hutter E, van Lare C, Weckhuysen BM. Mechanistic Insights into the Lanthanide-Catalyzed Oxychlorination of Methane as Revealed by Operando Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10574-10588. [PMID: 34484853 PMCID: PMC8411843 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Commercialization of CH4 valorization processes is currently hampered by the lack of suitable catalysts, which should be active, selective, and stable. CH4 oxychlorination is one of the promising routes to directly functionalize CH4, and lanthanide-based catalysts show great potential for this reaction, although relatively little is known about their functioning. In this work, a set of lanthanide oxychlorides (i.e., LnOCl with Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) and Er- and Yb-based catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested. All lanthanide-based catalysts can directly activate CH4 into chloromethanes, but their catalytic properties differ significantly. EuOCl shows the most promising catalytic activity and selectivity, as very high conversion levels (>30%) and chloromethane selectivity values (>50%) can be reached at moderate reaction temperatures (∼425 °C). Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that the chlorination of the EuOCl catalyst surface is rate-limiting; hence, increasing the HCl concentration improves the catalytic performance. The CO selectivity could be suppressed from 30 to 15%, while the CH4 conversion more than doubled from 11 to 24%, solely by increasing the HCl concentration from 10 to 60% at 450 °C. Even though more catalysts reported in this study and in the literature show a negative correlation between the S CO and HCl concentration, this effect was never as substantial as observed for EuOCl. EuOCl has promising properties to bring the oxychlorination one step closer to an economically viable CH4 valorization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Terlingen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Ahr
- Nobian, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Hutter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coert van Lare
- Nobian, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ma H, Gopakumar J, Zhang W, Regli SK, Wang Y, Rout KR, Fuglerud T, Piccinini M, Rønning M, Chen D. Insights of the Dynamic Copper Active Sites in Ethylene Oxychlorination Studied by the Multivariate UV–vis–NIR Resolution Kinetic Approach. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jithin Gopakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samuel K. Regli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yalan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kumar R. Rout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Sintef Industry, Sem sælands vei 2A, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Magnus Rønning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Jiang X, Sharma L, Fung V, Park SJ, Jones CW, Sumpter BG, Baltrusaitis J, Wu Z. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene with Soft Oxidants via Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lohit Sharma
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Victor Fung
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sang Jae Park
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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