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Elendu C, Elendu TC, Elendu ID. 5G-enabled smart hospitals: Innovations in patient care and facility management. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38239. [PMID: 38758872 PMCID: PMC11098186 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Smart hospitals represent the pinnacle of healthcare innovation, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to transform patient care and facility management. This article addresses the pressing need for effective implementation of 5G technology in smart hospitals, aiming to enhance connectivity, improve patient outcomes, and drive operational efficiency. The methodology employed involves a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and expert insights to analyze the impact of 5G on various aspects of smart hospital operations. The article highlights the significance of 5G technology in enabling real-time data analytics, remote monitoring, and telemedicine, thus revolutionizing healthcare delivery. By providing high-speed, low-latency connectivity, 5G facilitates seamless communication and collaboration among healthcare providers, leading to more efficient diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Additionally, the adoption of 5G enables smart hospitals to leverage artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions for predictive analytics, personalized medicine and enhanced patient engagement. Furthermore, the article explores the potential of 5G-enabled smart hospitals in enhancing disaster preparedness and emergency response efforts. Case studies and examples demonstrate how 5G technology can improve situational awareness, coordinate resources, and deliver timely care during natural disasters and pandemics. Overall, this article underscores the transformative impact of 5G technology on smart hospitals and emphasizes the importance of embracing innovation to meet the evolving needs of patients and communities. By adopting 5G technology, smart hospitals can usher in a new era of healthcare delivery characterized by enhanced connectivity, improved patient outcomes, and unparalleled efficiency.
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Umer M, Naveed A, Maryam Q, Malik AR, Bashir N, Kandel K. Investigating awareness of artificial intelligence in healthcare among medical students and professionals in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2606-2611. [PMID: 38694316 PMCID: PMC11060211 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to find out the level of awareness and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) in Pakistan's medical community so as to comment on its future in our healthcare system. Methods A survey consisting of 15 close-ended questions was conducted. The questions inquired about awareness about AI and discovered the opinions of healthcare professionals regarding its benefits and expected problems. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and descriptive statistics for percentage and frequency were computed. χ2 test was used to analyze the subgroups (Significant p value <0.05). Results A total of 351 participants were included in this study. General familiarity with AI was low. Only 75 (21.3%) participants answered that they had good familiarity with AI, and only 56 (16%) of them had good familiarity with the role of AI in medicine. One hundred sixty-eight (47.9%) participants disagreed that AI would out-compete the physician in the important traits of professionalism. Only 71 (20.2%) participants believed AI to be diagnostically superior to the physician. Two hundred fourteen (61.0%) were worried about completely trusting AI in its decisions, and 204(58.1%) believed that AI systems lacking human traits would not be able to mirror the doctor-patient relationship. Two hundred sixty-one (74.4%) participants believed that AI would be useful in Administrative tasks. A majority, 162 (46.2%), do not believe that AI would replace them. Finally, a huge majority of participants [225 (64.1%)] demanded the integration of AI in Pakistan's healthcare system. Conclusion This study suggests that a majority of healthcare professionals in Pakistan do not believe that they are sufficiently aware of the role of AI in healthcare. This was corroborated by their answers to various questions regarding the capabilities of AI. This study indicates the need for a more comprehensive ascertainment of healthcare professionals' perceptions regarding the role of Artificial Intelligence in medicine and bridging the gap between doctors and technology to further promote a patient-centred approach to medicine.
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Parmar UPS, Surico PL, Singh RB, Romano F, Salati C, Spadea L, Musa M, Gagliano C, Mori T, Zeppieri M. Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Early Diagnosis of Retinal Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:527. [PMID: 38674173 PMCID: PMC11052176 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the field of ophthalmology, revolutionizing disease diagnosis and management. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in various retinal diseases, highlighting its potential to enhance screening efficiency, facilitate early diagnosis, and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we elucidate the fundamental concepts of AI, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), and their application in ophthalmology, underscoring the significance of AI-driven solutions in addressing the complexity and variability of retinal diseases. Furthermore, we delve into the specific applications of AI in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Macular Neovascularization, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), hypertensive retinopathy (HR), Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, best vitelliform macular dystrophy, and sickle cell retinopathy. We focus on the current landscape of AI technologies, including various AI models, their performance metrics, and clinical implications. Furthermore, we aim to address challenges and pitfalls associated with the integration of AI in clinical practice, including the "black box phenomenon", biases in data representation, and limitations in comprehensive patient assessment. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the collaborative role of AI alongside healthcare professionals, advocating for a synergistic approach to healthcare delivery. It highlights the importance of leveraging AI to augment, rather than replace, human expertise, thereby maximizing its potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery, mitigate healthcare disparities, and improve patient outcomes in the evolving landscape of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco Romano
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Carmichael J, Costanza E, Blandford A, Struyven R, Keane PA, Balaskas K. Diagnostic decisions of specialist optometrists exposed to ambiguous deep-learning outputs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6775. [PMID: 38514657 PMCID: PMC10958016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential in ophthalmology. We investigated how ambiguous outputs from an AI diagnostic support system (AI-DSS) affected diagnostic responses from optometrists when assessing cases of suspected retinal disease. Thirty optometrists (15 more experienced, 15 less) assessed 30 clinical cases. For ten, participants saw an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan, basic clinical information and retinal photography ('no AI'). For another ten, they were also given AI-generated OCT-based probabilistic diagnoses ('AI diagnosis'); and for ten, both AI-diagnosis and AI-generated OCT segmentations ('AI diagnosis + segmentation') were provided. Cases were matched across the three types of presentation and were selected to include 40% ambiguous and 20% incorrect AI outputs. Optometrist diagnostic agreement with the predefined reference standard was lowest for 'AI diagnosis + segmentation' (204/300, 68%) compared to 'AI diagnosis' (224/300, 75% p = 0.010), and 'no Al' (242/300, 81%, p = < 0.001). Agreement with AI diagnosis consistent with the reference standard decreased (174/210 vs 199/210, p = 0.003), but participants trusted the AI more (p = 0.029) with segmentations. Practitioner experience did not affect diagnostic responses (p = 0.24). More experienced participants were more confident (p = 0.012) and trusted the AI less (p = 0.038). Our findings also highlight issues around reference standard definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Carmichael
- University College London Interaction Centre (UCLIC), UCL, London, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK.
| | - Enrico Costanza
- University College London Interaction Centre (UCLIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Ann Blandford
- University College London Interaction Centre (UCLIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Robbert Struyven
- Institute of Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Institute of Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Balaskas
- Institute of Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK
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Than J, Sim PY, Muttuvelu D, Ferraz D, Koh V, Kang S, Huemer J. Teleophthalmology and retina: a review of current tools, pathways and services. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 38053188 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telemedicine, the use of telecommunication and information technology to deliver healthcare remotely, has evolved beyond recognition since its inception in the 1970s. Advances in telecommunication infrastructure, the advent of the Internet, exponential growth in computing power and associated computer-aided diagnosis, and medical imaging developments have created an environment where telemedicine is more accessible and capable than ever before, particularly in the field of ophthalmology. Ever-increasing global demand for ophthalmic services due to population growth and ageing together with insufficient supply of ophthalmologists requires new models of healthcare provision integrating telemedicine to meet present day challenges, with the recent COVID-19 pandemic providing the catalyst for the widespread adoption and acceptance of teleophthalmology. In this review we discuss the history, present and future application of telemedicine within the field of ophthalmology, and specifically retinal disease. We consider the strengths and limitations of teleophthalmology, its role in screening, community and hospital management of retinal disease, patient and clinician attitudes, and barriers to its adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Than
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, UK
| | - Peng Y Sim
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, UK
| | - Danson Muttuvelu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MitØje ApS/Danske Speciallaeger Aps, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Ferraz
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Victor Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swan Kang
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, UK
| | - Josef Huemer
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, UK.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
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Daich Varela M, Sen S, De Guimaraes TAC, Kabiri N, Pontikos N, Balaskas K, Michaelides M. Artificial intelligence in retinal disease: clinical application, challenges, and future directions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3283-3297. [PMID: 37160501 PMCID: PMC10169139 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, accounting for the largest share of visually impaired children, working-age adults (inherited retinal disease), and elderly individuals (age-related macular degeneration). These conditions need specialised clinicians to interpret multimodal retinal imaging, with diagnosis and intervention potentially delayed. With an increasing and ageing population, this is becoming a global health priority. One solution is the development of artificial intelligence (AI) software to facilitate rapid data processing. Herein, we review research offering decision support for the diagnosis, classification, monitoring, and treatment of retinal disease using AI. We have prioritised diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal disease, and retinopathy of prematurity. There is cautious optimism that these algorithms will be integrated into routine clinical practice to facilitate access to vision-saving treatments, improve efficiency of healthcare systems, and assist clinicians in processing the ever-increasing volume of multimodal data, thereby also liberating time for doctor-patient interaction and co-development of personalised management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
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Khavandi S, Lim E, Higham A, de Pennington N, Bindra M, Maling S, Adams M, Mole G. User-acceptability of an automated telephone call for post-operative follow-up after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2069-2076. [PMID: 36274084 PMCID: PMC10333311 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative technology is recommended to address the current capacity challenges facing the NHS. This study evaluates the patient acceptability of automated telephone follow-up after routine cataract surgery using Dora (Ufonia Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom), which to our knowledge is the first AI-powered clinical assistant to be used in the NHS. Dora has a natural-language, phone conversation with patients about their symptoms after cataract surgery. METHODS This is a prospective mixed-methods cohort study that was conducted at Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. All patients who were followed up using Dora were asked to give a Net Promoter Score (NPS), and 24 patients were randomly selected to complete the validated Telephone Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) as well as extended semi-structured interviews that underwent thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 170 autonomous calls were completed. The median NPS score was 9 out of 10. The TUQ (scored out of 5) showed high rates of acceptability, with an overall mean score of 4.0. Simplicity, time saving, and ease of use scored the highest with a median of 5, whilst 'speaking to Dora feels the same as speaking to a clinician' scored a median of 3. The main themes extracted from the qualitative data were 'I can see why you're doing it', 'It went quite well actually', 'I just trust human beings I suppose'. CONCLUSION We found high levels of patient acceptability when using Dora across three acceptability measures. Dora provides a potential solution to reduce pressure on hospital capacity whilst also providing a convenient service for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Khavandi
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ufonia Limited, 3-5 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford, UK
| | - Ernest Lim
- Ufonia Limited, 3-5 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford, UK.
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Aisling Higham
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mandeep Bindra
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Sarah Maling
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Mike Adams
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Royal College of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- United Kingdom & Ireland Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons, Wirral, UK
| | - Guy Mole
- Ufonia Limited, 3-5 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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8
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Wilson KJ, Tu Z, Mbale E, Mhango PP, Kayange P, Gladstone MJ, Harding S, Gottlob I, Garcia-Finana M, Shen Y, Taylor TE, Seydel KB, Zheng Y, Beare NAV. Predicting Acute and Post-Recovery Outcomes in Cerebral Malaria and Other Comas by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT in CM) - A protocol for an observational cohort study of Malawian children. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:172. [PMID: 37663790 PMCID: PMC10468659 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19166.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Malarial retinopathy has been shown to be diagnostically and prognostically significant in the assessment of CM. The major mechanism of death in paediatric CM is brain swelling. Long term morbidity is typically characterised by neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae. Optical coherence tomography can be used to quantify papilloedema and macular ischaemia, identified as hyperreflectivity. Here we describe a protocol to test the hypotheses that quantification of optic nerve head swelling using optical coherence tomography can identify severe brain swelling in CM, and that quantification of hyperreflectivity in the macula predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes post-recovery. Additionally, our protocol includes the development of a novel, low-cost, handheld optical coherence tomography machine and artificial intelligence tools to assist in image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Wilson
- Eye & Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Southern Region, PO Box 30096, Malawi
| | - Zhanhan Tu
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, England, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Emmie Mbale
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Southern Region, P/Bag 360, Malawi
| | - Priscilla P Mhango
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Southern Region, P/Bag 360, Malawi
| | - Petros Kayange
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Southern Region, P/Bag 360, Malawi
| | - Melissa J. Gladstone
- Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
| | - Simon Harding
- Eye & Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8YA, UK
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, 08002, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Finana
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Yaochun Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Terrie E Taylor
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 4882, USA
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Southern Region, P/Bag 360, Malawi
| | - Karl B Seydel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 4882, USA
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Southern Region, P/Bag 360, Malawi
| | - Yalin Zheng
- Eye & Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
| | - Nicholas AV Beare
- Eye & Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 7TX, UK
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8YA, UK
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Shawwa L. The Use of Telemedicine in Medical Education and Patient Care. Cureus 2023; 15:e37766. [PMID: 37213963 PMCID: PMC10198592 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated and expanded the adoption of telemedicine globally. This allowed telemedicine to engage medical students in patient care and ensured continuity of care for vulnerable patients. In this review, the history of telemedicine and some of its applications in medical education were reviewed. Furthermore, we also shed light on how to incorporate telemedicine into several curricula and the strategies used to include it. The article also explored how to evaluate telemedicine and the major facilitators and barriers any medical and educational institution must address when using telemedicine. At the end of the review, we explored the future promises telemedicine has for medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Shawwa
- Medical Education, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Mijanur Rahman M, Khatun F. Challenges and Prospective of AI and 5G-Enabled Technologies in Emerging Applications during the Pandemic. ARTIF INTELL 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
5G is being implemented in the Internet of things (IoT) era. This book chapter focuses on 5G technology and the integration of other digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, IoT, big data analytics, cloud computing, robotics, and other digital platforms into new healthcare applications. Now, the healthcare industry is implementing 5G-enabled technology to improve health services, medical research, quality of life, and medical professionals’ and patients’ experiences everywhere, at any time. Technology can facilitate faster medical research progress and better clinical and social services management. Furthermore, AI approaches with 5G connectivity may be able to combat the epidemic challenges with minimal resources. This book chapter underlines how 5G technology is growing to address epidemic concerns. The study highlights many technical issues and future developments for creating 5G-powered healthcare solutions. This chapter also addresses the key challenges AI and 5G technology face in emerging healthcare solutions. In addition, this book chapter highlights perspective, policy recommendations, and future research directions of AI and 5G-enabled technologies in confronting future pandemics. More research will be incorporated into future projects, including studies on developing a digital society based on 5G technology in healthcare emergencies.
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Machine Learning for Online Automatic Prediction of Common Disease Attributes Using Never-Ending Image Learner. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010095. [PMID: 36611387 PMCID: PMC9818336 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in Internet technology and machine-learning devices has opened up new avenues for online healthcare systems. Sometimes, getting medical assistance or healthcare advice online is easier to understand than getting it in person. For mild symptoms, people frequently feel reluctant to visit the hospital or a doctor; instead, they express their questions on numerous healthcare forums. However, predictions may not always be accurate, and there is no assurance that users will always receive a reply to their posts. In addition, some posts are made up, which can misdirect the patient. To address these issues, automatic online prediction (OAP) is proposed. OAP clarifies the idea of employing machine learning to predict the common attributes of disease using Never-Ending Image Learner with an intelligent analysis of disease factors. Never-Ending Image Learner predicts disease factors by selecting from finite data images with minimum structural risk and efficiently predicting efficient real-time images via machine-learning-enabled M-theory. The proposed multi-access edge computing platform works with the machine-learning-assisted automatic prediction from multiple images using multiple-instance learning. Using a Never-Ending Image Learner based on Machine Learning, common disease attributes may be predicted online automatically. This method has deeper storage of images, and their data are stored per the isotropic positioning. The proposed method was compared with existing approaches, such as Multiple-Instance Learning for automated image indexing and hyper-spectrum image classification. Regarding the machine learning of multiple images with the application of isotropic positioning, the operating efficiency is improved, and the results are predicted with better accuracy. In this paper, machine-learning performance metrics for online automatic prediction tools are compiled and compared, and through this survey, the proposed method is shown to achieve higher accuracy, proving its efficiency compared to the existing methods.
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12
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A Fully Automatic Postoperative Appearance Prediction System for Blepharoptosis Surgery with Image-based Deep Learning. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100169. [PMID: 36245755 PMCID: PMC9560561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mikkonen K, Yamakawa M, Tomietto M, Tuomikoski A, Utsumi M, Jarva E, Kääriäinen M, Oikarinen A. Randomised controlled trials addressing how the clinical application of information and communication technology impacts the quality of patient care—A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mikkonen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- The Finnish Centre for Evidence‐Based Health Care: A JOANNA Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Helsinki Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Miyae Yamakawa
- Department of Evidence‐Based Clinical Nursing Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Asakayama General Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Marco Tomietto
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Anna‐Maria Tuomikoski
- The Finnish Centre for Evidence‐Based Health Care: A JOANNA Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Helsinki Finland
- Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - Momoe Utsumi
- Department of Evidence‐Based Clinical Nursing Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Asakayama General Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Erika Jarva
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- The Finnish Centre for Evidence‐Based Health Care: A JOANNA Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- The Finnish Centre for Evidence‐Based Health Care: A JOANNA Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Helsinki Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Anne Oikarinen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- The Finnish Centre for Evidence‐Based Health Care: A JOANNA Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Helsinki Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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Bhattacharya S. The Impact of 5G Technologies on Healthcare. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Moglia A, Georgiou K, Marinov B, Georgiou E, Berchiolli RN, Satava RM, Cuschieri A. 5G in Healthcare: from COVID-19 to Future Challenges. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:4187-4196. [PMID: 35675255 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3181205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide up to May 2022 there have been 515 million cases of COVID-19 infection and over 6 million deaths. The World Health Organization estimated that 115,000 healthcare workers died from COVID-19 from January 2020 to May 2021. This toll on human lives prompted this review on 5G based networking primarily on major components of healthcare delivery: diagnosis, patient monitoring, contact tracing, diagnostic imaging tests, vaccines distribution, emergency medical services, telesurgery and robot-assisted tele-ultrasound. The positive impact of 5G as core technology for COVID-19 applications enabled exchange of huge data sets in fangcang (cabin) hospitals and real-time contact tracing, while the low latency enhanced robot-assisted tele-ultrasound, and telementoring during ophthalmic surgery. In other instances, 5G provided a supportive technology for applications related to COVID-19, e.g., patient monitoring. The feasibility of 5G telesurgery was proven, albeit by a few studies on real patients, in very low samples size in most instances. The important future applications of 5G in healthcare include surveillance of elderly people, the immunosuppressed, and nano- oncology for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Issues remain and these require resolution before routine clinical adoption. These include infrastructure and coverage; health risks; security and privacy protection of patients' data; 5G implementation with artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT; validation, patient acceptance and training of end-users on these technologies.
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16
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Xu J, Zhou Z, Chen K, Ding Y, Hua Y, Ren M, Shen Y. How to minimize the impact of COVID-19 on laparoendoscopic single-site surgery training? ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2102-2108. [PMID: 35594058 PMCID: PMC9347803 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Because of special technical challenges, laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS) has been introduced into surgical practice, with surgeons required to have adequate training. The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly affected every aspect of healthcare systems, including LESS training, which must be modified to minimize the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods A 3‐session training programme was designed in 2020 during the epidemic, which was modified in 2019 before the pandemic. Session 1 was an online study on LESS knowledge. Session 2 involved the trainees' self‐directed simulator‐training. Task performance was evaluated using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) scoring. Session 3 was practical training, including trainers' live surgical video demonstrations and trainees' surgical video feedback after training. Video feedback performance was evaluated using the modified global rating scale (GRS). Furthermore, trainees completed a general self‐efficacy (GSE) instrument. Forty‐two gynaecology trainees were allocated into two groups: novices (n = 32) and experts (n = 10). Results Compared with pre‐training, FLS scores improved in peg transfer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01) and pattern cutting (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001) for novices and experts, respectively. Participants (81% versus 67%) provided first and second video feedback, respectively. Compared to the first feedback, the GRS scores of both groups improved significantly in the second feedback. All trainees showed an increase in GSE after training (P < 0.001). Conclusion The modified LESS training programme is a practical and effective option that allows trainees to continue training during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Section of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Howard University Hospital, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Shoji MK, Venincasa MJ, Sridhar J. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmology Resident Perceptions of Clinical Experience, Surgical Training, and Personal Life. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected multiple areas of health care, including residency training programs. Elucidating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on resident clinical experience, surgical training, and wellness is essential to identify areas in which programs can provide additional educational and personal resources to trainees. This study aims to evaluate the experiences of ophthalmology residents during the pandemic.
Design The design is a cross-sectional, nonvalidated survey study. The survey was administered online with data collection from August 22 to August 31, 2020.
Participants Applicants to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute ophthalmology residency program during the 2016 to 2019 application cycles were invited to complete the survey to encompass trainees currently in ophthalmology residency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applicants who were not training at an ophthalmology residency program during the pandemic were excluded.
Methods This study involved eliciting feedback from ophthalmology residents on the perceived impact of COVID-19 on their residency experiences through survey questions.
Main Outcome Measures Perceived didactic, clinical, surgical, and overall experiences of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, effect on cataract and noncataract surgical case volume, and perceived effects on resident personal life.
Results Responses were obtained from 357 (22.8%) individuals, 193 of which met inclusion criteria (59.1% male, 54.9% aged 30–34). Most participants reported overall worsening of their ophthalmology training experience due to COVID-19 (75.1%), with worsening of clinical training reported by 72.5% of participants and worsening of surgical training reported by 89.1% of participants. There were no significant differences in the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on overall training experience, clinical training experience, or surgical training experience among geographic regions (p = 0.43, p = 0.23, p = 0.27, respectively). A higher percentage of post-graduate year 3 (PGY3) and PGY4 trainees reported worsened clinical (p = 0.003) or surgical (p = 0.03) experience compared with PGY2 trainees. Participants also reported impact on personal life including time spent away from family (52.9%), worsened friendships with co-residents (29.5%), forced changes in living situation (15.0%), and increased expenses (13.5%).
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted clinical and surgical experience of ophthalmology residents, who also report personal stressors due to the pandemic. Identifying alterations in the ophthalmology residency experience is essential to provide additional resources to support ophthalmology trainees professionally and personally during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K. Shoji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael J. Venincasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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18
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Sahu KS, Majowicz SE, Dubin JA, Morita PP. NextGen Public Health Surveillance and the Internet of Things (IoT). Front Public Health 2021; 9:756675. [PMID: 34926381 PMCID: PMC8678116 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.756675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in technology have led to the rise of new-age data sources (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT), wearables, social media, and mobile health). IoT is becoming ubiquitous, and data generation is accelerating globally. Other health research domains have used IoT as a data source, but its potential has not been thoroughly explored and utilized systematically in public health surveillance. This article summarizes the existing literature on the use of IoT as a data source for surveillance. It presents the shortcomings of current data sources and how NextGen data sources, including the large-scale applications of IoT, can meet the needs of surveillance. The opportunities and challenges of using these modern data sources in public health surveillance are also explored. These IoT data ecosystems are being generated with minimal effort by the device users and benefit from high granularity, objectivity, and validity. Advances in computing are now bringing IoT-based surveillance into the realm of possibility. The potential advantages of IoT data include high-frequency, high volume, zero effort data collection methods, with a potential to have syndromic surveillance. In contrast, the critical challenges to mainstream this data source within surveillance systems are the huge volume and variety of data, fusing data from multiple devices to produce a unified result, and the lack of multidisciplinary professionals to understand the domain and analyze the domain data accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sundar Sahu
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Majowicz
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joel A. Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ehealth Innovation, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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19
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Ng WY, Tan TE, Movva PVH, Fang AHS, Yeo KK, Ho D, Foo FSS, Xiao Z, Sun K, Wong TY, Sia ATH, Ting DSW. Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e819-e829. [PMID: 34654686 PMCID: PMC8510632 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial and global impact on health care, and has greatly accelerated the adoption of digital technology. One of these emerging digital technologies, blockchain, has unique characteristics (eg, immutability, decentralisation, and transparency) that can be useful in multiple domains (eg, management of electronic medical records and access rights, and mobile health). We conducted a systematic review of COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications of blockchain in health care. We identified relevant reports published in MEDLINE, SpringerLink, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, ScienceDirect, arXiv, and Google Scholar up to July 29, 2021. Articles that included both clinical and technical designs, with or without prototype development, were included. A total of 85 375 articles were evaluated, with 415 full length reports (37 related to COVID-19 and 378 not related to COVID-19) eventually included in the final analysis. The main COVID-19-related applications reported were pandemic control and surveillance, immunity or vaccine passport monitoring, and contact tracing. The top three non-COVID-19-related applications were management of electronic medical records, internet of things (eg, remote monitoring or mobile health), and supply chain monitoring. Most reports detailed technical performance of the blockchain prototype platforms (277 [66·7%] of 415), whereas nine (2·2%) studies showed real-world clinical application and adoption. The remaining studies (129 [31·1%] of 415) were themselves of a technical design only. The most common platforms used were Ethereum and Hyperledger. Blockchain technology has numerous potential COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications in health care. However, much of the current research remains at the technical stage, with few providing actual clinical applications, highlighting the need to translate foundational blockchain technology into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan Ng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-En Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasanth V H Movva
- Certis Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation Security, Singapore
| | - Andrew Hao Sen Fang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore,SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Khung-Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Institute for Digital Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fuji Shyy San Foo
- Certis Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation Security, Singapore
| | - Zhe Xiao
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kai Sun
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex Tiong-Heng Sia
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore,KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Shu Wei Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Correspondence to: Dr Daniel Ting, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 168751
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20
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Macariola AD, Santarin TMC, Villaflor FJM, Villaluna LMG, Yonzon RSL, Fermin JL, Kee SL, AlDahoul N, Karim HA, Tan MJT. Breaking Barriers Amid the Pandemic: The Status of Telehealth in Southeast Asia and its Potential as a Mode of Healthcare Delivery in the Philippines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754011. [PMID: 34819860 PMCID: PMC8606793 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Dy Macariola
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamie Ledesma Fermin
- Yo-Vivo Corporation, Bacolod City, Philippines.,Department of Electronics Engineering, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
| | - Shaira Limson Kee
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines.,Yo-Vivo Corporation, Bacolod City, Philippines
| | - Nouar AlDahoul
- Yo-Vivo Corporation, Bacolod City, Philippines.,Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Myles Joshua Toledo Tan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines.,Yo-Vivo Corporation, Bacolod City, Philippines.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
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21
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Abstract
Background: Most healthcare providers are unaware of the extraordinary opportunities for implementation in healthcare which can be enabled by 5G wireless networks. 5G created enormous opportunities for a myriad of new technologies, resulting in an integrated through 5G ‘ecosystem’. Although the new opportunities in healthcare are immense, medicine is slow to change, as manifest by the paucity of new, innovative applications based upon this ecosystem. Thus, emerges the need to “avoid technology surprise” - both laparoscopic and robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery were delayed for years because the surgical community was either unaware or unaccepting of a new technology. Database: PubMed (Medline) and Scopus (Elsevier) databases were searched and all published studies regarding clinical applications of 5G were retrieved. From a total of 40 articles, 13 were finally included in our review. Discussion: The important transformational properties of 5G communications and other innovative technologies are described and compared to healthcare needs, looking for opportunities, limitations, and challenges to implementation of 5G and the ecosystem it has spawned. Furthermore, the needs in the clinical applications, education and research in medicine and surgery, in addition to the administrative infrastructure are addressed. Additionally, we explore the nontechnical challenges, that either support or oppose this new healthcare renovation. Based upon proven advantages of these innovative technologies, current scientific evidence is analyzed for future trends for the transformation of healthcare. By providing awareness of these opportunities and their advantages for patients, it will be possible to decrease the prolonged timeframe for acceptance and implementation for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos E Georgiou
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Georgiou
- Medical Physics Laboratory Simulation Center (MPLSC), Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard M Satava
- Professor Emeritus of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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22
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Foo LL, Ng WY, Lim GYS, Tan TE, Ang M, Ting DSW. Artificial intelligence in myopia: current and future trends. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:413-424. [PMID: 34310401 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment, with a projected increase in prevalence globally. One potential approach to address myopia and its complications is early detection and treatment. However, current healthcare systems may not be able to cope with the growing burden. Digital technological solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as a potential adjunct for myopia management. RECENT FINDINGS There are currently four significant domains of AI in myopia, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), genetics and natural language processing (NLP). ML has been demonstrated to be a useful adjunctive for myopia prediction and biometry for cataract surgery in highly myopic individuals. DL techniques, particularly convoluted neural networks, have been applied to various image-related diagnostic and predictive solutions. Applications of AI in genomics and NLP appear to be at a nascent stage. SUMMARY Current AI research is mainly focused on disease classification and prediction in myopia. Through greater collaborative research, we envision AI will play an increasingly critical role in big data analysis by aggregating a greater variety of parameters including genomics and environmental factors. This may enable the development of generalizable adjunctive DL systems that could help realize predictive and individualized precision medicine for myopic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yan Ng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tien-En Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Shu Wei Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Nuzzi R, Boscia G, Marolo P, Ricardi F. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Eye Diseases: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:710329. [PMID: 34527682 PMCID: PMC8437147 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.710329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subset of computer science dealing with the development and training of algorithms that try to replicate human intelligence. We report a clinical overview of the basic principles of AI that are fundamental to appreciating its application to ophthalmology practice. Here, we review the most common eye diseases, focusing on some of the potential challenges and limitations emerging with the development and application of this new technology into ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nuzzi
- Ophthalmology Unit, A.O.U. City of Health and Science of Turin, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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24
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Shen YT, Chen L, Yue WW, Xu HX. Digital Technology-Based Telemedicine for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:646506. [PMID: 34295908 PMCID: PMC8289897 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.646506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the year 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis intersected with the development and maturation of several digital technologies including the internet of things (IoT) with next-generation 5G networks, artificial intelligence (AI) that uses deep learning, big data analytics, and blockchain and robotic technology, which has resulted in an unprecedented opportunity for the progress of telemedicine. Digital technology-based telemedicine platform has currently been established in many countries, incorporated into clinical workflow with four modes, including "many to one" mode, "one to many" mode, "consultation" mode, and "practical operation" mode, and has shown to be feasible, effective, and efficient in sharing epidemiological data, enabling direct interactions among healthcare providers or patients across distance, minimizing the risk of disease infection, improving the quality of patient care, and preserving healthcare resources. In this state-of-the-art review, we gain insight into the potential benefits of demonstrating telemedicine in the context of a huge health crisis by summarizing the literature related to the use of digital technologies in telemedicine applications. We also outline several new strategies for supporting the use of telemedicine at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Shen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Yue
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Rahman MM, Khatun F, Uzzaman A, Sami SI, Bhuiyan MAA, Kiong TS. A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Confronting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2021; 51:446-461. [PMID: 33999732 DOI: 10.1177/00207314211017469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over 219 countries of the globe as a pandemic, creating alarming impacts on health care, socioeconomic environments, and international relationships. The principal objective of the study is to provide the current technological aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and other relevant technologies and their implications for confronting COVID-19 and preventing the pandemic's dreadful effects. This article presents AI approaches that have significant contributions in the fields of health care, then highlights and categorizes their applications in confronting COVID-19, such as detection and diagnosis, data analysis and treatment procedures, research and drug development, social control and services, and the prediction of outbreaks. The study addresses the link between the technologies and the epidemics as well as the potential impacts of technology in health care with the introduction of machine learning and natural language processing tools. It is expected that this comprehensive study will support researchers in modeling health care systems and drive further studies in advanced technologies. Finally, we propose future directions in research and conclude that persuasive AI strategies, probabilistic models, and supervised learning are required to tackle future pandemic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mijanur Rahman
- 421983Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Khatun
- 421965Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashik Uzzaman
- 421983Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Islam Sami
- 421983Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tiong Sieh Kiong
- 65292Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Li JPO, Liu H, Ting DSJ, Jeon S, Chan RVP, Kim JE, Sim DA, Thomas PBM, Lin H, Chen Y, Sakomoto T, Loewenstein A, Lam DSC, Pasquale LR, Wong TY, Lam LA, Ting DSW. Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A global perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 82:100900. [PMID: 32898686 PMCID: PMC7474840 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous maturation of multiple digital and telecommunications technologies in 2020 has created an unprecedented opportunity for ophthalmology to adapt to new models of care using tele-health supported by digital innovations. These digital innovations include artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation (5G) telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), creating an inter-dependent ecosystem offering opportunities to develop new models of eye care addressing the challenges of COVID-19 and beyond. Ophthalmology has thrived in some of these areas partly due to its many image-based investigations. Tele-health and AI provide synchronous solutions to challenges facing ophthalmologists and healthcare providers worldwide. This article reviews how countries across the world have utilised these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, refractive error correction, cataract and other anterior segment disorders. The review summarises the digital strategies that countries are developing and discusses technologies that may increasingly enter the clinical workflow and processes of ophthalmologists. Furthermore as countries around the world have initiated a series of escalating containment and mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of eye care services globally has been significantly impacted. As ophthalmic services adapt and form a "new normal", the rapid adoption of some of telehealth and digital innovation during the pandemic is also discussed. Finally, challenges for validation and clinical implementation are considered, as well as recommendations on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Olivia Li
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanruo Liu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing, China
| | - Darren S J Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Keye Eye Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Judy E Kim
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dawn A Sim
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B M Thomas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haotian Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taiji Sakomoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER Dennis Lam Eye Center, C-Mer International Eye Care Group Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; International Eye Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore National Eye Center, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda A Lam
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California (USC) Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S W Ting
- Singapore National Eye Center, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
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27
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Kaiser FK, Wiens M, Schultmann F. Use of digital healthcare solutions for care delivery during a pandemic-chances and (cyber) risks referring to the example of the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 11:1125-1137. [PMID: 33875933 PMCID: PMC8046498 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During pandemics, regular service provisioning processes in medical care may be disrupted. Digital health promises many opportunities for service provisioning during a pandemic. However, a broad penetration of medical processes with information technology also has drawbacks. Within this work, the authors use the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze the chances and the risks that may come with using digital health solutions for medical care during a pandemic. Therefore, a multi-methods approach is used. First we use a systematic literature review for reviewing the state of the art of digital health applications in healthcare. Furthermore, the usage of digital health applications is mapped to the different processes in care delivery. Here we provide an exemplary process model of oncological care delivery. The analysis shows that including digital health solutions may be helpful for care delivery in most processes of medical care provisioning. However, research on digital health solutions focuses strongly on some few processes and specific disciplines while other processes and medical disciplines are underrepresented in literature. Last, we highlight the necessity of a comprehensive risk-related debate around the effects that come with the use of digital healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Klaus Kaiser
- Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Wiens
- Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Schultmann
- Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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28
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Foo LL, Ang M, Wong CW, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM, Wong TY, Ting DS. Is artificial intelligence a solution to the myopia pandemic? Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 105:741-744. [PMID: 33712483 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Daniel S Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore .,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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29
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Telemedicine in ophthalmology. Part 2. “special teleophthalmology”. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/ov46314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, telemedicine (TM) has been gradually introduced into ophthalmology in the form of teleophthalmology (TO), because most of the eye diseases can be photographed and transmitted via Internet. The most wide development of TO has involved the field of diabetic retinopathy (DR) diagnosis, primarily due to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world. Examples of the well-established operation of remote DR screening centers exist in different countries of the world. There are many studies published, which compare a remote examination with a personal one, and according to their data, TO screening is no worse, than traditional screening. In addition to DR, TO also covers the diagnosis of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and other ophthalmic conditions. In this article, we present an overview of modern TO centers in different countries, the features of their organization and global results that have been achieved during their existence. New technologies developed to facilitate the work of such centers will also be touched: image analysis algorithms, portable diagnostic equipment, medical information systems. The prospects for introducing TO into Russian medical practice are considered separately.
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30
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Sim SS, Yip MY, Wang Z, Tan ACS, Tan GSW, Cheung CMG, Chakravarthy U, Wong TY, Teo KYC, Ting DS. Digital Technology for AMD Management in the Post-COVID-19 New Normal. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:39-48. [PMID: 33512827 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has put strain on healthcare systems and the availability and allocation of healthcare manpower, resources and infrastructure. With immediate priorities to protect the health and safety of both patients and healthcare service providers, ophthalmologists globally were advised to defer nonurgent cases, while at the same time managing sight-threatening conditions such as neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The management of AMD patients both from a monitoring and treatment perspective presents a particular challenge for ophthalmologists. This review looks at how these pressures have encouraged the acceptance and speed of adoption of digitalization. DESIGN AND METHODS A literature review was conducted on the use of digital technology during COVID-19 pandemic, and on the transformation of medicine, ophthalmology and AMD screening through digitalization. RESULTS In the management of AMD, the implementation of artificial intelligence and "virtual clinics" have provided assistance in screening, diagnosis, monitoring of the progression and the treatment of AMD. In addition, hardware and software developments in home monitoring devices has assisted in self-monitoring approaches. CONCLUSIONS Digitalization strategies and developments are currently ongoing and underway to ensure early detection, stability and visual improvement in patients suffering from AMD in this COVID-19 era. This may set a precedence for the post COVID-19 new normal where digital platforms may be routine, standard and expected in healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Sebastian Sim
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Yt Yip
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoran Wang
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Cheng Sim Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Siew Wei Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Queen's University of Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Sw Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Sharma RK, Srivastava A, Vinay M, Sethi R. An integrated framework of socio-economic and technological interventions for COVID-19 in different economies. JOURNAL OF STATISTICS & MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2020.1838062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- ICFAI Business School, The ICFAI University, Dehradun 248197, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Muddu Vinay
- ICFAI Business School, The ICFAI University, Dehradun 248197, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajiv Sethi
- ICFAI Business School, The ICFAI University, Dehradun 248197, Uttarakhand, India
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32
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Wong TY. Academic Ophthalmology during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:e51-e52. [PMID: 32359842 PMCID: PMC7194607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tien Yin Wong
- Correspondence: Tien Yin Wong, MD, PhD, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Republic of Singapore.
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33
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Xu C, Zhang X, Wang Y. Mapping of Health Literacy and Social Panic Via Web Search Data During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Infodemiological Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18831. [PMID: 32540844 PMCID: PMC7333795 DOI: 10.2196/18831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a type of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus that was discovered in 2019. As of May 6, 2020, 84,407 cases and 4643 deaths have been confirmed in China. The Chinese population has expressed great concern since the COVID-19 outbreak. Meanwhile, an average of 1 billion people per day are using the Baidu search engine to find COVID-19-related health information. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to analyze web search data volumes related to COVID-19 in China. METHODS We conducted an infodemiological study to analyze web search data volumes related to COVID-19. Using Baidu Index data, we assessed the search frequencies of specific search terms in Baidu to describe the impact of COVID-19 on public health, psychology, behaviors, lifestyles, and social policies (from February 11, 2020, to March 17, 2020). RESULTS The search frequency related to COVID-19 has increased significantly since February 11th. Our heat maps demonstrate that citizens in Wuhan, Hubei Province, express more concern about COVID-19 than citizens from other cities since the outbreak first occurred in Wuhan. Wuhan citizens frequently searched for content related to "medical help," "protective materials," and "pandemic progress." Web searches for "return to work" and "go back to school" have increased eight-fold compared to the previous month. Searches for content related to "closed community and remote office" have continued to rise, and searches for "remote office demand" have risen by 663% from the previous quarter. Employees who have returned to work have mainly engaged in the following web searches: "return to work and prevention measures," "return to work guarantee policy," and "time to return to work." Provinces with large, educated populations (eg, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong) have been focusing on "online education" whereas medium-sized cities have been paying more attention to "online medical care." CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that web search data may reflect changes in health literacy, social panic, and prevention and control policies in response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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34
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Ferrara M, Romano V, Steel DH, Gupta R, Iovino C, van Dijk EHC, Romano MR. Reshaping ophthalmology training after COVID-19 pandemic. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:2089-2097. [PMID: 32612174 PMCID: PMC7329193 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on practical activities and didactic teaching of residents and fellows. This survey aimed to propose long-term changes for ophthalmology training based on the changes experienced by trainees and their perception of new training opportunities. METHODS An online survey was distributed to ophthalmology trainees in multiple countries. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS A total of 504 analyzable responses were collected from 32 different countries. The current impact of COVID-19 pandemic was described as "severe" by most trainees (55.2%); however, the future perspective was more optimistic as demonstrated by the greater number of responses reporting a presumed "moderate" (37.3%), "mild" (14.1%) or "slight" (4.2%) long-term impact. The vast majority of trainees reported a decrease ≥50% of clinical activity (76.4%) and >75% of surgical activity (74.6%). Although an initial gap in didactic teaching has been experienced by many (55.4%), regular web-based teaching was reportedly attended by 67.7% of the respondents. A strong agreement was found regarding the worthwhile role of web-based case-presentations in clinical training (91.7%), web-based discussion of edited surgical videos (85.7%) and simulation-based practice (86.9%) in surgical training. CONCLUSIONS This survey, focusing on trainees' perspective, strongly reinforces the need to promptly include new technology-based training tools, such as web-based teaching, virtual surgical simulators, and telementoring, in long-term reorganisation of ophthalmology training to ensure its continuity and effectiveness, which would remain available even in the face of another unpredictable crisis within the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Corneal and External Eye Diseases, St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David H Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK.,Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rajen Gupta
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claudio Iovino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.,Eye Center, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Bergamo, Italy
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35
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Abstract
The past decade has allowed the development of a multitude of digital tools. Now they can be used to remediate the COVID-19 outbreak.
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