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Clarke LM, Allegretti JR. Review article: The epidemiology and management of Clostridioides difficile infection-A clinical update. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1335-1349. [PMID: 38534216 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infection, and severe cases can result in significant complications. While anti-microbial therapy is central to infection management, adjunctive therapies may be utilised as preventative strategies. AIM This article aims to review updates in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, including treatment and prevention, of C. difficile infections. METHODS A narrative review was performed to evaluate the current literature between 1986 and 2023. RESULTS The incidence of C. difficile infection remains significantly high in both hospital and community settings, though with an overall decline in recent years and similar surveillance estimates globally. Vancomycin and fidaxomicin remain the first line antibiotics for treatment of non-severe C. difficile infection, though due to lower recurrence rates, infectious disease society guidelines now favour use of fidaxomicin. Faecal microbiota transplantation should still be considered to prevent recurrent C. difficile infection. However, in the past year the field has had a significant advancement with the approval of the first two live biotherapeutic products-faecal microbiota spores-live brpk, an oral capsule preparation, and faecal microbiota live-jslm-both indicated for the prevention of recurrent C. difficile infection, with additional therapies on the horizon. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of C. difficile infection remains high, there have been significant advances in the development of novel therapeutics and preventative measures following changes in recent practice guidelines, and will continue to evolve in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Clarke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Then CK, Paillas S, Moomin A, Misheva MD, Moir RA, Hay SM, Bremner D, Roberts Nee Nellany KS, Smith EE, Heidari Z, Sescu D, Wang X, Suárez-Bonnet A, Hay N, Murdoch SL, Saito R, Collie-Duguid ESR, Richardson S, Priestnall SL, Wilson JM, Gurumurthy M, Royle JS, Samuel LM, Ramsay G, Vallis KA, Foster KR, McCullagh JSO, Kiltie AE. Dietary fibre supplementation enhances radiotherapy tumour control and alleviates intestinal radiation toxicity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:89. [PMID: 38745230 PMCID: PMC11092108 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-toxic approaches to enhance radiotherapy outcomes are beneficial, particularly in ageing populations. Based on preclinical findings showing that high-fibre diets sensitised bladder tumours to irradiation by modifying the gut microbiota, along with clinical evidence of prebiotics enhancing anti-cancer immunity, we hypothesised that dietary fibre and its gut microbiota modification can radiosensitise tumours via secretion of metabolites and/or immunomodulation. We investigated the efficacy of high-fibre diets combined with irradiation in immunoproficient C57BL/6 mice bearing bladder cancer flank allografts. RESULT Psyllium plus inulin significantly decreased tumour size and delayed tumour growth following irradiation compared to 0.2% cellulose and raised intratumoural CD8+ cells. Post-irradiation, tumour control positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae family abundance. Psyllium plus resistant starch radiosensitised the tumours, positively correlating with Bacteroides genus abundance and increased caecal isoferulic acid levels, associated with a favourable response in terms of tumour control. Psyllium plus inulin mitigated the acute radiation injury caused by 14 Gy. Psyllium plus inulin increased caecal acetate, butyrate and propionate levels, and psyllium alone and psyllium plus resistant starch increased acetate levels. Human gut microbiota profiles at the phylum level were generally more like mouse 0.2% cellulose profiles than high fibre profiles. CONCLUSION These supplements may be useful in combination with radiotherapy in patients with pelvic malignancy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kin Then
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shunag Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipai City, Taiwan
| | - Salome Paillas
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aliu Moomin
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mariya D Misheva
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel A Moir
- Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Susan M Hay
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Bremner
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Ellen E Smith
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zeynab Heidari
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Daniel Sescu
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Xuedan Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Nadine Hay
- NHS Grampian Biorepository, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sarah L Murdoch
- NHS Grampian Biorepository, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- The Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elaina S R Collie-Duguid
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Joan M Wilson
- NHS Grampian Biorepository, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Justine S Royle
- Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Leslie M Samuel
- Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George Ramsay
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Kevin R Foster
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Rini DM, Nakamichi Y, Morita T, Inoue H, Mizukami Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Xylobiose treatment strengthens intestinal barrier function by regulating claudin 2 and heat shock protein 27 expression in human Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2518-2525. [PMID: 37938188 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylobiose, a non-digestible disaccharide, largely contributes to the beneficial physiological effects of xylooligosaccharides. However, there is insufficient evidence to assess the direct effect of xylobiose on intestinal barrier function. Here, we investigated the intestinal barrier function in human intestinal Caco-2 cells treated with xylobiose. RESULTS In total, 283 genes were upregulated and 256 genes were downregulated in xylobiose-treated Caco-2 cells relative to the controls. We focused on genes related to intestinal barrier function, such as tight junction (TJ) and heat shock protein (HSP). Xylobiose decreased the expression of the TJ gene Claudin 2 (CLDN2) and increased the expression of the cytoprotective HSP genes HSPB1 and HSPA1A, which encode HSP27 and HSP70, respectively. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that xylobiose suppressed CLDN2 expression and enhanced HSP27 and HSP70 expression. A quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and promoter assays indicated that xylobiose post-transcriptionally regulated CLDN2 and HSPB1 levels. Additionally, selective inhibition of phosphatidyl-3-inositol kinase (PI3K) inhibited xylobiose-mediated CLDN2 expression, whereas HSP27 expression induced by xylobiose was sensitive to the inhibition of PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and Src. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal that xylobiose suppresses CLDN2 and increases HSP27 expression in intestinal Caco-2 cells via post-transcriptional regulation, potentially strengthening intestinal barrier integrity; however, these effects seem to occur via different signaling pathways. Our findings may help to assess the physiological role of xylobiose. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mustika Rini
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yusuke Nakamichi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Berry P, Khanna S. Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: Current Clinical Management and Microbiome-Based Therapies. BioDrugs 2023; 37:757-773. [PMID: 37493938 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The high incidence and recurrence rates of C. difficile infection, as well as its associated morbidity and mortality, are great concerns. The most common complication of C. difficile infection is recurrence, with rates of 20-30% after a primary infection and 60% after three or more episodes. Medical management of recurrent C. difficile infection involves a choice of therapy that is different from the antibiotic used in the primary episode. Patients with recurrent C. difficile infection also benefit from fecal microbiota transplantation or standardized microbiome restoration therapies (approved or experimental) to restore eubiosis. In contrast to antibiotics, microbiome restoration therapies restore a normal gut flora and eliminate C. difficile colonization and infection. Fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent C. difficile infection has demonstrated higher success rates than vancomycin, fidaxomicin, or placebo. Fecal microbiota transplantation has traditionally been considered safe, with the most common adverse reactions being abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea, and rare serious adverse events. Significant heterogeneity and a lack of standardization regarding the process of preparation, and administration of fecal microbiota transplantation remain a major pitfall. Standardized microbiome-based therapies provide a promising alternative. In the ECOSPOR III trial of SER-109, an oral formulation of bacterial spores, a significant reduction in the recurrence rate (12%) was observed compared with placebo (40%). In the phase III PUNCH CD3 trial, RBX2660 also demonstrated high efficacy rates of 70.6% versus 57.5%. Both these agents are now US Food and Drug Administration approved for recurrent C. difficile infection. Other standardized microbiome-based therapies currently in the pipeline are VE303, RBX7455, and MET-2. Antibiotic neutralization strategies, vaccines, passive monoclonal antibodies, and drug repurposing are other therapeutic strategies being explored to treat C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Berry
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, C. difficile Clinic and Microbiome Restoration Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Zhu MZ, Yang MF, Song Y, Xu HM, Xu J, Yue NN, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Shi RY, Liang YJ, Yao J, Wang LS, Nie YQ, Li DF. Exploring the efficacy of herbal medicinal products as oral therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115266. [PMID: 37541177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a collection of idiopathic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Patients diagnosed with IBD often experience necessitate long-term pharmacological interventions. Among the multitude of administration routes available for treating IBD, oral administration has gained significant popularity owing to its convenience and widespread utilization. In recent years, there has been extensive evaluation of the efficacy of orally administered herbal medicinal products and their extracts as a means of treating IBD. Consequently, substantial evidence has emerged, supporting their effectiveness in IBD treatment. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies evaluating the effects of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of IBD. We delved into the regulatory role of these products in modulating immunity and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Additionally, we examined their impact on antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and the modulation of intestinal flora. By exploring these aspects, we aimed to emphasize the significant advantages associated with the use of oral herbal medicinal products in the treatment of IBD. Of particular note, this review introduced the concept of herbal plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) as the active ingredient in herbal medicinal products for the treatment of IBD. The inclusion of PDENs offers distinct advantages, including enhanced tissue penetration and improved physical and chemical stability. These unique attributes not only demonstrate the potential of PDENs but also pave the way for the modernization of herbal medicinal products in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
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Rini DM, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum upregulates heat shock protein 27 in intestinal Caco-2 cells and mouse intestine via mTOR and ERK signaling. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5165-5170. [PMID: 36914415 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal epithelium acts as a barrier against harmful luminal materials, thus preventing intestinal diseases and maintaining intestinal health. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) promotes intestinal epithelial integrity under both physiological and stressed conditions. The effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on HSP27 expression in intestinal Caco-2 cells and mouse intestines were investigated. RESULTS The present study showed that PHGG upregulated HSP27 expression in Caco-2 cells without upregulating Hspb1, the gene encoding HSP27. Feeding PHGG increased HSP25 expression in epithelial cells of the small intestine of mice. Inhibition of protein translation using cycloheximide suppressed PHGG-mediated HSP27 expression, indicating that PHGG upregulated HSP27 via translational modulation. Signaling inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphatidyl 3-inositol kinase reduced PHGG-mediated HSP27 expression, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition by U0126 increased HSP27 expression, irrespective of PHGG administration. PHGG increases mTOR phosphorylation and reduces extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION PHGG-mediated translation of HSP27 in intestinal Caco-2 cells and mouse intestine via the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways may promote intestinal epithelial integrity. These findings help us better understand how dietary fibers regulate the physiological function of the intestines. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mustika Rini
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Fan S, Feng X, Li K, Li B, Diao Y. Protective Mechanism of Ethyl Gallate against Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice by in Vivo and in Vitro Studies Based on Transcriptomics. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200643. [PMID: 36513607 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a common clinical disease that can be life-threatening in severe cases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl gallate (EG) on IIRI and its underlying mechanisms. A mouse model was established to mimic human IIRI by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Transcriptomics techniques were used in conjunction with experiments to explore the potential mechanisms of EG action. Intestinal histomorphological damage, including intestinal villi damage and mucosal hemorrhage, was significantly reversed by EG. EG also alleviated the oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal epithelial apoptosis caused by IIRI. 2592 up-regulated genes and 2754 down-regulated genes were identified after EG treatment, and these differential genes were enriched in signaling pathways, including fat digestion and absorption, and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions. In IIRI mouse intestinal tissue, expression of the differential protein matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), as well as its co-protein NF-κB-p65, was significantly increased, while EG inhibited the expression of MMP9 and NF-κB-p65. In Caco-2 cells in an established oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model (OGD/R), EG significantly reversed the decrease in intestinal barrier trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). However, in the presence of MMP9 inhibitors, EG did not reverse the decreasing trend in TEER. This study illustrates the protective effect and mechanism of action of EG on IIRI and, combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments, it reveals that MMP9 may be the main target of EG action. This study provides new scientific information on the therapeutic effects of EG on IIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Dalian Anti-Infective Traditional Chinese Medicine, Development Engineering Technology Research Center, China
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Gu X, Miao Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang T, Xu Y. New Baitouweng decoction combined with fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates DSS-induced colitis in rats by regulating gut microbiota metabolic homeostasis and the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 36424592 PMCID: PMC9686021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to elucidate the synergistic effect and potential mechanism of New Baitouweng Decoction (NBD) combined with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced by 5% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. NBD or NBD combined with FMT were administered to the colitis rats. Body weight and disease activity index were measured, and the colon histological change was imaged to further examine the efficacy of NBD and FMT. The specific effects of NBD on STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota in rats with UC were also investigated. RESULTS The efficacy of NBD in combination with FMT was demonstrated by the lower disease activity index scores; increased tight junction proteins expression; and a lower expression of macrophage marker (F4/80) in colon tissues. NBD combined with FMT elevated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and inhibited activation of the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB related proteins. Furthermore, 16SrDNA sequencing indicated that the gut microbiota in rats with UC was perturbed, in contrast to that in healthy rats. After treatment with NBD and FMT, the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora showed clear improvements. Spearman correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between specific microbiota and fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate. CONCLUSIONS The protective mechanism of NBD combined with FMT may be linked to regulation NF-κB/STAT3 and restoration of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yantian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wang YJ, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Intervention and potential mechanism of non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources on ulcerative colitis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:545-564. [PMID: 35513106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that affects the colon and rectum. It has evolved into a global burden due to the high incidence in developed countries and the highly-increased incidence in developing countries. Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) from natural resources, as a type of functional carbohydrates, have a significant therapeutic effect on UC because of their good anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of UC, this review summarizes the intervention effects and mechanisms of NSPs in the prevention and treatment of UC. The results showed that NSPs can improve UC by protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating the immune response of the intestinal mucosa, and remodeling the intestinal flora and metabolites. These contents provide theoretical basis for the application of polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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10
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Chen K, Gao C, Tang M, Dong Q, Wang N, Man S, Lu F, Wang H. Dietary soybeans worsen dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by disrupting intestinal ecology. Food Funct 2022; 13:6205-6216. [PMID: 35583076 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food mediates susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) associated with the microbiome. Existing studies suggest that a high-sugar and high-fat diet promotes IBDs, but whether a plant-based diet is fully harmless to IBD improvement remains unknown. In this study, for the first time, we assessed the effect of soybean and its carbohydrates on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In a DSS-induced colitis mouse model (BALB/C WT), the oral administration of soybeans worsened colitis, which was associated with higher disease activity index, histology score and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing and elimination of gut bacteria by antibiotics showed that the exacerbating colitis caused by soybeans depends on the changes in the intestinal flora. Furthermore, the gavage of soybean carbohydrates such as sucrose and raffinose-family oligosaccharides altered the intestinal microbiota and worsened inflammation. When co-cultured with macrophages (RAW 264.7), the metabolites of the disordered intestinal flora, isolated Escherichia coli and purified LPS showed high macrophage toxicity to inhibit pathogen clearance. These results indicate that the intake of soybeans and soybean carbohydrates is not conducive to recovery from IBDs based on changes in gut microbiota and metabolites affecting the activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Congcong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qinchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Fuping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Haikuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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11
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Effects of Laser Irradiation at 488, 514, 532, 552, 660, and 785 nm on the Aqueous Extracts of Plantago lanceolata L.: A Comparison on Chemical Content, Antioxidant Activity and Caco-2 Viability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, six laser radiation (488 nm/40 mW, 514 nm/15 mW, 532 nm/20 mW, 552 nm/15 mW, 660 nm/ 75 mW, and at 785 nm/70 mW) were tested on the aqueous extracts of leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. to compare extraction efficacy and antioxidant and cell viability effects in vitro. Briefly, in comparison with the control extract, laser extracts at 488, 514, 532, and 552 nm revealed small acquisitions of total extractible compounds in samples (up to 6.52%; laser extracts at 488 and 532 nm also revealed minerals and micro-elements increases (up to 6.49%); the most prominent results were obtained upon Fe (up to 38%, 488 nm), Cr (up to 307%, 660 nm), and Zn (up to 465%, 532 nm). Laser extracts at 488, 514, 552, and 785 nm proved more intense antioxidant capacity than the control sample, while laser extract at 660 nm indicated clear pro-oxidant effects. Caco-2 cells study indicated stimulatory activity for the extracts at 488 nm, no effects at 532 nm, and the decrease of the cell viability in the case of extracts at 660 nm respectively. Further studies are necessary to understand the pro-oxidant effects observed in the case of extracts exposed to laser radiation at 660 nm.
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12
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Qiao H, Zhao T, Yin J, Zhang Y, Ran H, Chen S, Wu Z, Zhang R, Wang X, Gan L, Wang J. Structural Characteristics of Inulin and Microcrystalline Cellulose and Their Effect on Ameliorating Colitis and Altering Colonic Microbiota in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitic Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10921-10932. [PMID: 35415348 PMCID: PMC8991927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that dietary fibers (DFs) from plants may exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we investigated the structural differences of soluble DF (inulin) and insoluble DF (microcrystalline cellulose, MCC) and their effects on the intestinal barrier integrity, gut microbiota community, and inflammation response in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were fed for 21 days with diets containing inulin or MCC (2.5 g/kg body weight), and colitis was induced by administration of DSS (4% w/v) in drinking water during the last 8 days of experimentation. The results showed that inulin and MCC differ in morphology and structure. MCC exhibited a smaller particle size, a larger specific surface area, and higher thermal stability than inulin. In addition, both inulin and MCC restored various physical signs (body weight, colon weight and length, disease activity index score, and infiltration of inflammatory cells), gut barrier function (as evidenced by the increased expression of claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-2, occludin, JAM-2, and MUC-3 and the decreased activity of myeloperoxidase activity), downregulation of mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (caspase-1, NLPR3, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β), and modulation of colon microbiota community. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that DFs differ in morphology and structure and ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice by blocking proinflammatory cytokines, reinforcing gut barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota. Therefore, DFs, especially inulin, are promising dietary supplements to alleviate intestinal inflammation.
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13
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Zhang S, Hu J, Sun Y, Tan H, Yin J, Geng F, Nie S. Review of structure and bioactivity of the Plantago (Plantaginaceae) polysaccharides. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100158. [PMID: 34825168 PMCID: PMC8604743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantago (Plantaginaceae) is an herbal plant, which is used in folk medicine, functional food, and dietary supplement products. Recent pharmacological and phytochemical studies have shown that polysaccharides isolated from Plantago have multiple medicinal and nutritional benefits, including improve intestinal health, hypoglycemic effect, immunomodulatory effect, etc. These health and pharmacological benefits are of great interest to the public, academia, and biotechnology industries. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in the physicochemical, structural features, and biological effects of Plantago polysaccharides and highlights the similarities and differences of the polysaccharides from different species and in different parts, including leaves, seeds, and husks. The scientific support for its use as a prebiotic is also addressed. The purpose of this review is to provide background as well as useful and up-to-date information for future research and applications of these polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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14
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Yokoo K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Ammonia impairs tight junction barriers by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21854. [PMID: 34597422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms; however, its role in intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. The present study investigated the regulation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins by ammonia and the underlying mechanisms in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Ammonia (15, 30, and 60 mM) increased the permeability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased dextran flux. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the ammonia-induced increase in TJ permeability reduced the membrane localization of TJ proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)1, ZO2, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-3. DNA microarray analysis identified a biological pathway "response to reactive oxygen species" enriched by ammonia treatment, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the cells. Ammonia treatment also increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Meanwhile, ammonia treatment-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the downregulation of genes associated with the electron transport chain, reduction of the cellular ATP, NADH, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate content, and suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine reversed the ammonia-induced impairment of TJ permeability and structure without affecting the mitochondrial parameters. Collectively, ammonia impaired the TJ barrier by increasing oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. A mitochondrial dysfunction is possibly an event preceding ammonia-induced oxidative stress. The findings of this study could potentially improve our understanding of the interplay between intestinal microorganisms and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yokoo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Pérez de Arce E, Quera R, Quigley EMM. The Dilemma of Persistent Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:689-711. [PMID: 34304795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease differ in their natural evolution, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approach. However, recent evidence has suggested some similarities in mechanisms underlying symptom development and progression. There is a relevant role for alterations in the microbiome-brain-gut axis in both diseases. The presence of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is common in clinical practice. To determine the cause of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is a clinical challenge. This review aims to illustrate possible causes and solutions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pérez de Arce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Estoril 450, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Adesina PA, Isayama K, Sitolo GC, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Propionate and Dietary Fermentable Fibers Upregulate Intestinal Heat Shock protein70 in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells and Mouse Colon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8460-8470. [PMID: 34291640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including propionate, are major metabolites of intestinal microorganisms and play an essential role in regulating intestinal epithelial integrity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) promote cellular homeostasis under physiological and stressed conditions. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of intestinal HSP70 by propionate in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and the colon of fermentable dietary fiber (DF)-fed mice and germ-free mice. The results showed that propionate increased Hspa1a (HSP70 mRNA) level in Caco-2 cells, upregulated HSP70 protein, and phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1; however, the latter two were reduced by mitogen-activated protein kinases and the mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors. Feeding fermentable DFs, such as guar gum (GG) and partially hydrolyzed GG, increased both cecal SCFAs and colonic HSP70 expression, both of which were reduced in germ-free mice than in specific-pathogen-free mice. Collectively, the propionate-induced HSP70 expression was shown to be possibly involved in intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Adedayo Adesina
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kana Isayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Gertrude Cynthia Sitolo
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Private Bag 303, Chichiri Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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18
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Kelly CR, Fischer M, Allegretti JR, LaPlante K, Stewart DB, Limketkai BN, Stollman NH. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:1124-1147. [PMID: 34003176 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection occurs when the bacterium produces toxin that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. These guidelines indicate the preferred approach to the management of adults with C. difficile infection and represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. The scientific evidence for these guidelines was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation process. In instances where the evidence was not appropriate for Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation but there was consensus of significant clinical merit, key concept statements were developed using expert consensus. These guidelines are meant to be broadly applicable and should be viewed as the preferred, but not the only, approach to clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry LaPlante
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David B Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Berkeley N Limketkai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neil H Stollman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, East Bay Center for Digestive Health, Oakland, California, USA
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19
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In-vitro study of Limosilactobacillus fermentum PCC adhesion to and integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayers as affected by pectins. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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20
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Pistol GC, Bulgaru CV, Marin DE, Oancea AG, Taranu I. Dietary Grape Seed Meal Bioactive Compounds Alleviate Epithelial Dysfunctions and Attenuates Inflammation in Colon of DSS-Treated Piglets. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030530. [PMID: 33806347 PMCID: PMC7999447 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammations associated with progressive degradation of intestinal epithelium and impairment of the local innate immune response. Restoring of epithelial integrity and of the mucosal barrier function, together with modulation of inflammatory and innate immune markers, represent targets for alternative strategies in IBD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a diet including 8% grape seed meal (GSM), rich in bioactive compounds (polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fiber) on the markers of colonic epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, pro-inflammatory, and innate immunity in DSS-treated piglets used as animal models of intestinal inflammation. Our results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of bioactive compounds from dietary GSM, exerted at three complementary levels: (a) restoration of the epithelial integrity and mucosal barrier reinforcement by modulation of claudins, Occludin (OCCL) and Zonula-1 (ZO-1) tight junction genes and proteins, myosin IXB (MYO9B) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) tight junction regulators and mucin-2 (MUC2) gene; (b) reduction of pro-inflammatory MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) genes and activities; and (c) suppression of the innate immune TLR-2 (Toll-like receptor-2) and TLR-4 (Toll-like receptor-4) genes and attenuation of the expression of MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88)/MD-2 (Myeloid differentiation factor-2) signaling molecules. These beneficial effects of GSM could further attenuate the transition of chronic colitis to carcinogenesis, by modulating the in-depth signaling mediators belonging to the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-351-2082
| | - Cristina Valeria Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Oancea
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania;
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
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21
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Niu W, Chen X, Xu R, Dong H, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ju J. Polysaccharides from natural resources exhibit great potential in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117189. [PMID: 33357839 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is high. Despite the availability of various therapeutic agents for the treatment of UC, the routine treatment has limitations and serious side effects. Therefore, a new drug that safely and effectively treats UC is urgently needed. Polysaccharides from natural resources have recently become a hot topic of study for their therapeutic effects on UC. These effects are associated with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal flora, and immune system and protection of the intestinal mucosa. This review focuses on the recent advances of polysaccharides from natural resources in the treatment of UC. The mechanisms and practicability of polysaccharides, including pectin, guar gum, rhamnogalacturonan, chitosan, fructan, psyllium, glycosaminoglycan, algal polysaccharides, polysaccharides from fungi and traditional Chinese medicine, and polysaccharide derivatives, are discussed in detail. The good efficacy and safety of polysaccharides make them promising drugs for treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Niu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruling Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fuyan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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22
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Lin CY, Lee AH, Chiu KK, Vieson MD, Steelman AJ, Swanson KS. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product Did Not Attenuate Clinical Signs, but Psyllium Husk Has Protective Effects in a Murine Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Model. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa159. [PMID: 33215055 PMCID: PMC7658636 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast products and psyllium husk may provide relief from clinical signs of colitis due to their ability to promote gut integrity, modulate gut microbiota, or positively affect immune responses, which have been demonstrated in several species. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) and psyllium husk (PH) on cecal and fecal microbiota, colonic gene expression and histopathology, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cells in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 54) were assigned to a control, 5% SCFP, or 5% PH diet. After 2 wk of diet adaptation, mice were provided distilled water or 3% (wt:vol) DSS for 5 d ad libitum. Body weight, food and water intakes, and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded daily during the treatment period. Fresh fecal samples were collected before and during treatment for microbial analyses. After treatment, mice were killed, followed by tissue collection. Tissues were stored in proper solutions until further analyses. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute). RESULTS Consumption of SCFP increased (P < 0.05) species richness of the gut microbiota and relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in fecal and cecal samples compared with control or PH mice. PH mice had greater (P < 0.05) gene expression of claudin (Cldn) 2, Cldn3, Cldn8, and occludin(Ocln) compared with control mice. DAI, MLN immune cell populations, colonic histopathology, and colonic gene expression were not affected (P > 0.05) by SCFP in DSS mice. DSS mice consuming PH had lower (P < 0.05) DAI compared with control or SCFP mice. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that, despite the modest changes it had on cecal and fecal microbiota, SCFP did not attenuate clinical signs associated with DSS-induced colitis in mice, while PH showed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yen Lin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen K Chiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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23
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Wang MX, Lin L, Chen YD, Zhong YP, Lin YX, Li P, Tian X, Han B, Xie ZY, Liao QF. Evodiamine has therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis by increasing Lactobacillus acidophilus levels and acetate production. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104978. [PMID: 32485282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota have an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous study indicated that Evodiamine (EVO) can alleviate colitis through downregulating inflammatory pathways. However, specific relationship between EVO-treated colitis relief and regulation of gut microbiota is still unclear. Here, our goal was to determine the potential role of gut microbiota in the relief of UC by EVO. By using pathology-related indicators, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics profiling, we assessed the pharmacological effect of EVO on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis rats as well as on the change of gut microbiota and metabolism. Fecal derived from EVO-treated rats was transplanted into colitis rats to verify the effect of EVO on gut microbiota, and 'driver bacteria' was found and validated by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome and qRT-PCR. The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) was investigated by vivo experiment, microbiota analysis, Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) quantification and colon transcriptomics. EVO reduced the susceptibility to DSS-induced destruction of epithelial integrity and severe inflammatory response, and regulated the gut microbiota and metabolites. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) alleviated DSS-induced colitis, increased the abundance of L. acidophilus and the level of acetate. Furthermore, gavaged with L. acidophilus reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoted the increase of goblet cells and the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, regulated the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increased the level of acetate. Our results indicated that EVO mitigation of DSS-induced colitis is associated with increased in L. acidophilus and protective acetate production, which may be a promising strategy for treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Da Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Feng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Markov AV, Sen’kova AV, Salomatina OV, Logashenko EB, Korchagina DV, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Trioxolone Methyl, a Novel Cyano Enone-Bearing 18βH-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivative, Ameliorates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102406. [PMID: 32455822 PMCID: PMC7287650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-synthetic triterpenoids, bearing cyano enone functionality in ring A, are considered to be novel promising therapeutic agents with complex inhibitory effects on tissue damage, inflammation and tumor growth. Previously, we showed that the cyano enone-containing 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid derivative soloxolone methyl (SM) effectively suppressed the inflammatory response of macrophages in vitro and the development of influenza A-induced pneumonia and phlogogen-stimulated paw edema in vivo. In this work, we reported the synthesis of a novel 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid derivative trioxolone methyl (TM), bearing a 2-cyano-3-oxo-1(2)-en moiety in ring A and a 12,19-dioxo-9(11),13(18)-dien moiety in rings C, D, and E. TM exhibited a high inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (II) production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774 macrophages in vitro and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, displaying higher anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with SM. TM effectively suppressed the DSS-induced epithelial damage and inflammatory infiltration of colon tissue, the hyperproduction of colonic neutral mucin and TNFα and increased glutathione synthesis. Our in silico analysis showed that Akt1, STAT3 and dopamine receptor D2 can be considered as mediators of the anti-colitic activity of TM. Our findings provided valuable information for a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory activity of cyano enone-bearing triterpenoids and revealed TM as a promising anti-inflammatory candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Evgeniya B. Logashenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Dina V. Korchagina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (M.A.Z.)
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Liu Z, Liu F, Wang W, Sun C, Gao D, Ma J, Hussain MA, Xu C, Jiang Z, Hou J. Study of the alleviation effects of a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and inulin on mice with colitis. Food Funct 2020; 11:3823-3837. [PMID: 32329478 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has serious harmful effects on human health. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a probiotic, has a strong colonization and adhesion effect and improves the intestinal health of the host. Inulin has good anti-inflammatory effects and can promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alleviating effects of L. rhamnosus 1.0320 in combination with inulin on UC, examining the resulting changes in intestinal flora. A UC model was established by having mice freely drink a 3% (w/v) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) solution for seven days. After successful modeling, the mice were given antibiotics, L. rhamnosus 1.0320 by itself, inulin by itself, and L. rhamnosus 1.0320 combined with inulin as an intragastric intervention for 28 days. The abundance and structural changes of bacteria in the intestinal content of mice were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The study found that male BALB/c mice can successfully establish a typical model of small intestinal inflammation by freely drinking a 3% DSS solution for one week. L. rhamnosus 1.0320 combined with inulin can alleviate DSS-induced colitis, reduce the Disease Activity Index (DAI) score of the pathological damage of colon tissue, decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, increase hemoglobin content, and regulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. The intestinal flora of mice is reduced after enteritis, and its structure gets disordered. The combination of L. rhamnosus 1.0320 and inulin can increase the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and increase the content of beneficial bacteria. Prebiotics promote the colonization ability of probiotics. L. rhamnosus 1.0320 combined with inulin can change the intestinal flora to relieve ulcerative colitis, providing a new theoretical basis for the study of UC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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26
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What Is the Impact of Diet on Nutritional Diarrhea Associated with Gut Microbiota in Weaning Piglets: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6916189. [PMID: 31976326 PMCID: PMC6949732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6916189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piglets experience severe growth challenges and diarrhea after weaning due to nutritional, social, psychological, environmental, and physiological changes. Among these changes, the nutritional factor plays a key role in postweaning health. Dietary protein, fibre, starch, and electrolyte levels are highly associated with postweaning nutrition diarrhea (PWND). In this review, we mainly discuss the high protein, fibre, resistant starch, and electrolyte imbalance in diets that induce PWND, with a focus on potential mechanisms in weaned piglets.
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27
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Lin Z, Wu H, Fu Y, Dai S. Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1886-1895. [PMID: 31504527 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional medicine for the treatment of IBD is prevailingly composed of sulfadiazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoid, and immunosuppressants, which have the merits of alleviating intestine inflammation, but long-term use of these drugs may cause toxic side effects; additionally, these drugs may be expensive. In the pursuit of novel and more economic therapies, patients may increasingly look at complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Recently, CAM is increasingly favored by the general public on account of its safety, low toxicity, and effectiveness. As a branch of CAM, herbal plants and their extracts have a significant effect on the treatment of IBD. Treatment of IBD with herbaceous plants has been reported, but specific mechanisms and effects have not yet been elaborated. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed and Science Direct by multiple search terms, such as "herbal," "CAM," "IBD," "ulcerative colitis," "abdominal pain," and so on. Full-length articles were selected for review. RESULTS Herbaceous plants and their extracts have been shown to be effective against IBD in many studies, and herbaceous plants may be effective in treating symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus, and bloody stools. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medications could be used as a complementary and alternative treatment for IBD, but they require more rigorous scientific testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lin
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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28
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Vargas-Robles H, Castro-Ochoa KF, Citalán-Madrid AF, Schnoor M. Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4181-4198. [PMID: 31435172 PMCID: PMC6700707 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide. The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold, and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis. While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable, chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases) are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation. There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function. Unfortunately, most drugs can have severe side effects. Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models, and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies. Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins, fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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29
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Shimizu Y, Suzuki T. Brazilian propolis extract reduces intestinal barrier defects and inflammation in a colitic mouse model. Nutr Res 2019; 69:30-41. [PMID: 31470289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian propolis is rich in cinnamic acid derivatives and reportedly reduces intestinal inflammation in rodents; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the regulation of tight junction (TJ) barrier, Th17 cell differentiation, and/or, macrophage activation by cinnamic acid derivatives were involved in the propolis-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. Mice were orally administered 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in combination with either the feeding control or a diet containing 0.3% ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis for 9 days. DSS administration induced acute colitis in mice, whereas the propolis extract mitigated DSS-induced weight loss; colon shortening; increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; reduced expression of TJ proteins, such as zonula occludens, junctional adhesion molecule-A, occludin, and claudins; and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17a. Cinnamic acid derivatives, such as artepillin C and caffeic acid phenethyl ester, present in the propolis extract suppressed the IL-17 production from cultured murine splenocytes through decreased retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT expression. Baccharin, drupanin, and culifolin, which are also present in Brazilian propolis, reduced the TNF-α and/or IL-6 production by suppressing inflammatory signaling in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Taken together, the regulation of Th17 differentiation and macrophage activation by cinnamic acid derivatives, at least in part, contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect mediated by Brazilian propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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30
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Wirth MD, Robinson C, Murphy EA, Shivappa N, Hébert JR. The dietary inflammatory index is associated with gastrointestinal infection symptoms in the national health and nutrition examination survey. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:106-115. [PMID: 31106619 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1614539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation influences many aspects of health including gastrointestinal illnesses. Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and gastrointestinal symptoms were examined using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (years 2005-2014, n = 25,553). Outcomes included self-reported presence of mucus or liquid in bowel leakage and stomach illness in the past month, diarrhoea in the past year and number of weekly bowel movements. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were estimated from one 24-h dietary recall. Analyses included survey design-appropriate logistic and linear regression. Compared to E-DII quartile 1 (anti-inflammatory), E-DII quartile 4 (pro-inflammatory) had elevated odds of mucus in leakage: 71% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.01-1.20); liquid in leakage: 74% (95%CI = 1.30-2.33); stomach illness: 43% (95%CI = 1.18-1.72); and diarrhoea: 65% (95%CI = 1.21-2.26). Those with more anti-inflammatory diets had more bowel movements. Future questions should address whether anti-inflammatory diets provide protective effects against gastrointestinal infections and if these relationships are modified by other health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cory Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, University of West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
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Chaen Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Naringenin promotes recovery from colonic damage through suppression of epithelial tumor necrosis factor–α production and induction of M2-type macrophages in colitic mice. Nutr Res 2019; 64:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Hung TV, Wanatanbe J, Yonejima Y, Hisa K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Exopolysaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides attenuate chronic kidney disease in mice by protecting the intestinal barrier. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mayangsari Y, Suzuki T. Resveratrol Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Defects and Inflammation in Colitic Mice and Intestinal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12666-12674. [PMID: 30426751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and intestinal Caco-2 cells, focusing on neutrophil infiltration and tight junction (TJ) barriers. DSS administration caused body weight loss (day8, control 104 ± 1, DSS 72 ± 2%, p < 0.05), shortening of colon length (control 5.1 ± 0.1, DSS 3.8 ± 0.1 cm, p < 0.05), pro-inflammatory cytokines increase-including interleukin (IL)-1β (control 1.0 ± 0.2, DSS 58.5 ± 29.6 arbitrary unit (AU), p < 0.05), IL-6 (control 1.0 ± 0.3, DSS 312 ± 82 AU, p < 0.05), and chemokine motif ligand 2 (CXCL-2, a murine IL-8 homologue, control 1.0 ± 0.4, DSS 696 ± 262 AU, p < 0.05), decreased TJ proteins (e.g., occludin, control 1.0 ± 0.05, DSS 0.11 ± 0.03 AU, p < 0.05), and neutrophil infiltration (control 1.2 ± 0.2, DSS 25.9 ± 1.1 cells, p < 0.05). Supplemental resveratrol (0.1% (w/w) in the diet) partially or totally reversed these symptoms (body weight change 100 ± 1, colon length 4.6 ± 0.1; IL-1β 5.9 ± 1.8, IL-6 10 ± 3, CXCL-2 14 ± 7, occludin 0.76 ± 0.06, neutrophil infiltration 9.3 ± 0.7, p < 0.05). Pretreatment of intestinal Caco-2 cells with resveratrol suppressed the TNF-α-induced production of IL-8 (control 1.00 ± 0.04, TNFα 3.40 ± 0.16, TNFα+Res 1.81 ± 0.28 AU, p < 0.05) and phosphorylation of the inflammatory signaling molecules including NF-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and stress c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. Collectively, the reduction of TJ barrier defect and IL-8 in intestinal cells, leading to reduced neutrophil infiltration into colonic tissues, appears to be one of the central mechanisms for the resveratrol-mediated effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunika Mayangsari
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City 739-8528 , Japan
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City 739-8528 , Japan
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Kawabata A, Van Hung T, Nagata Y, Fukuda N, Suzuki T. Citrus kawachiensis Peel Powder Reduces Intestinal Barrier Defects and Inflammation in Colitic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10991-10999. [PMID: 30277770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of Citrus kawachiensis peel powder was examined in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitic mice. In addition to the whole powder, its ethanol extract rich in polyphenolic compounds and ethanol extraction residue rich in dietary fibers were used. The whole powder ameliorated the DSS-induced body weight loss (body weight changes on day 9, Control 108 ± 2, DSS 91 ± 4, DSS+whole peel powder 106 ± 1%, p < 0.05), colon shortening (colon length, Control 5.0 ± 0.1, DSS 3.9 ± 0.1, DSS+whole peel powder 4.7 ± 0.1 cm, p < 0.05), increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, Control 1.0 ± 0.1, DSS 22.2 ± 5.8, DSS+whole peel powder 4.3 ± 1.5 arbitrary unit, p < 0.05), and decreased expression of colonic tight junctions (TJs) (e.g., occludin, Control 1.00 ± 0.07, DSS 0.21 ± 0.07, DSS+whole peel powder 0.70 ± 0.06 arbitrary unit, p < 0.05). The resolution of abnormalities barring the decreased expression of zonula occludens-2, junctional adhesion molecule-A, and claudin-7 by the extraction residue was comparable to that achieved using the powder (body weight change 107 ± 1%; colon length 4.7 ± 0.1 cm; TNF-α 4.1 ± 0.7; occludin 0.58 ± 0.06 arbitrary unit, p < 0.05). The ethanol extract alone did not have any influence on these abnormalities (body weight change 94 ± 2%; colon length 4.1 ± 0.1 cm; TNF-α 40.5 ± 9.0 arbitrary unit; occludin 0.18 ± 0.02 arbitrary unit, p < 0.05). The powder and ethanol extraction residue, but not ethanol extract, increased fecal acetic acid concentration (Control 4.9 ± 0.6, DSS 5.0 ± 0.9, DSS+whole peel powder 8.8 ± 1.8, DSS+ethanol extract 5.3 ± 0.8, DSS+ethanol extraction residue 12.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Taken together, DFs in the ethanol extraction residue largely contributed to the peel powder-mediated reduction of TJ barrier defect and inflammation in colitic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Kawabata
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 , Japan
| | - Tran Van Hung
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 , Japan
- Ho Chi Minh University of Food Industry , 140 Le Trong Tan, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District , Ho Chi Minh 700000 , Vietnam
| | - Yoko Nagata
- Food Industrial Technolegy Center , Ehime Institute of Industrial Technology , 487-2, Kume-Kubotamachi , Matsuyama 791-1101 , Japan
| | - Naohiro Fukuda
- Department of Planning and Development , Ehime Institute of Industrial Technology , 487-2, Kume-Kubotamachi , Matsuyama 791-1101 , Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , 1-4-4 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 , Japan
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