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Gao M, Irawan A, El-Sherbiny M, Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieślak A, Setiawan MA, Jallal H, Fusaro I, Jayanegara A, Yanza YR, Liu Y. Meta-Analysis of Incorporating Glucosinolates into Diets and Their Effects on Ruminant Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Emissions, Milk Composition, and Metabolic Biochemical Attributes. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:1480. [PMID: 40427356 PMCID: PMC12108334 DOI: 10.3390/ani15101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Brassica-derived feeds have been recognized for their economic and environmental benefits in ruminant nutrition. However, their utilization is constrained by the presence of glucosinolates and sulfur-containing compounds that exhibit both beneficial and adverse effects. This meta-analysis included 36 studies that evaluated the impact of glucosinolate intake on ruminant performance, nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and methane emissions. This analysis, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, revealed that glucosinolate supplementation resulted in a quadratic increase in milk urea nitrogen concentration (p = 0.017). Additionally, significant interactions between glucosinolate level and source influenced crude protein digestibility (p = 0.026). Milk composition parameters, including 4% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk protein, and lactose proportions, were significantly affected (p < 0.05). Furthermore, methane emissions (g/kg DMI) decreased quadratically with increasing glucosinolate intake (p = 0.003), with additional interactions observed between dietary treatments and animal species (p = 0.029). Propionate and isobutyrate concentrations increased in a quadratic and linear manner, respectively (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that glucosinolate-containing feed can enhance nutrient utilization and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. However, the magnitude of these effects is dependent on the glucosinolate dosage, source, animal species, and dietary composition, necessitating further research to optimize their use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
- National Sheep Genetic Evaluation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Agung Irawan
- Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia;
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Dairy Science, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Muhammad Ariana Setiawan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Hassan Jallal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (H.J.); (I.F.)
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (H.J.); (I.F.)
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Yulianri Rizki Yanza
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Yongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
- National Sheep Genetic Evaluation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Mbambalala L, Mpayipheli M, Leeuw KJ, Thabethe F, Hugo A. Response in Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Physicochemical Properties, and Fatty Acid Composition of Dohne Merino Rams Fed Different Levels of Canola Meal. Food Sci Anim Resour 2025; 45:517-534. [PMID: 40093633 PMCID: PMC11907428 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of different inclusion levels of canola meal (CM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, physicochemical properties, and fatty acid composition of Dohne Merino rams (DMRs). Forty DMRs, weighing 24±2.63 kg and aged 8-9 months, were individually housed and randomly assigned to one of four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The experimental diets contained 5% oil cake meal, soybean meal (SBM) or CM, CM replaced SBM at 0% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3) and 100% (T4). The results revealed a quadratic increase in average daily feed intake as CM levels increase. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio decreased. Blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol showed a significant linear decline with increasing CM levels, while glucose-fasting, total protein, and albumin did not exhibit significant relationships. The carcass traits such as warm and cold dressing percentages, pH and temperature measurements, demonstrated a quadratic decrease with increasing CM inclusion levels. The physicochemical properties of the meat did not show significant relations, except for fat-free dry matter, which decreased quadratically. Fatty acids like capric, oleic, and eicosapentaenoic acids decreased significantly with CM levels, while margaric acid decreased linearly, and alpha-linolenic acid increased linearly. These findings suggest that restricting CM inclusion in sheep diets to below 5% could help mitigate adverse effects on growth performance. The possible antagonistic interaction between SBM and CM highlights the recommendation against combining CM with SBM in rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lwando Mbambalala
- Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Maliviwe Mpayipheli
- Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Klass-Jan Leeuw
- Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute, Irene 0062, South Africa
| | - Fortune Thabethe
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Department of Agriculture, Animal Science, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Arno Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Wang B, Ormston S, Płatosz N, Parker JK, Qin N, Humphries DJ, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Juniper DT, Stergiadis S. Effect of dietary protein source and Saccharina latissima on nutritional and safety characteristics of milk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7355-7366. [PMID: 38661233 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat distillers' grains (WDG) and seaweeds are recommended as alternative protein sources and enteric methane mitigators in dairy cow diets, respectively, but little is known about their impact on milk quality and safety. In the present study, 16 cows in four 4 × 4 Latin squares were fed isonitrogenous diets (50:50 forage:concentrate ratio), with rapeseed meal (RSM)-based or WDG-based concentrate (230 and 205 g kg-1 dry matter) and supplemented with or without Saccharina latissima. RESULTS Replacement of RSM with WDG enhanced milk nutritional profile by decreasing milk atherogenicity (P = 0.002) and thrombogenicity (P = 0.019) indices and the concentrations of the nutritionally undesirable saturated fatty acids - specifically, lauric (P = 0.045), myristic (P = 0.022) and palmitic (P = 0.007) acids. It also increased milk concentrations of the nutritionally beneficial vaccenic (P < 0.001), oleic (P = 0.030), linoleic (P < 0.001), rumenic (P < 0.001) and α-linolenic (P = 0.012) acids, and total monounsaturated (P = 0.044), polyunsaturated (P < 0.001) and n-6 (P < 0.001) fatty acids. Feeding Saccharina latissima at 35.7 g per cow per day did not affect the nutritionally relevant milk fatty acids or pose any risk on milk safety, as bromoform concentrations in milk were negligible and unaffected by the dietary treatments. However, it slightly reduced milk concentrations of pantothenate. CONCLUSION Feeding WDG to dairy cows improved milk fatty acid profiles, by increasing the concentrations of nutritionally beneficial fatty acids and reducing the concentration of nutritionally undesirable saturated fatty acids, while feeding seaweed slightly reduced pantothenate concentrations. However, when considering the current average milk intakes in the population, the milk compositional differences between treatments in this study appear relatively small to have an effect on human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sabrina Ormston
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Natalia Płatosz
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jane K Parker
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nanbing Qin
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - David J Humphries
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | | | - Darren T Juniper
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Chen J, Wang S, Yin X, Duan C, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Dynamic Changes in the Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Serum Parameters of Perinatal Ewes and Their Relationship with Rumen Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2344. [PMID: 39199877 PMCID: PMC11350810 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters are crucial for the reproductive performance and health of perinatal ewes. This study investigated the temporal variations in feed intake, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and ruminal fermentation on days 21, 14, and 7 before lambing (Q21, Q14, and Q7) and days 3, 7, and 14 after lambing (H3, H7, and H14). The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) and glucose (Glu) gradually decreased (p < 0.05) before lambing and increased (p < 0.05) after lambing. The digestibility of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) increased (p < 0.05) before lambing, then decreased (p < 0.05) on day H3, and then increased (p < 0.05) on day H14. The rumen pH, NH3-N, and triglycerides (TG) gradually increased (p < 0.05) before lambing and were higher (p < 0.05) on day Q7 than after lambing. The concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids (T-VFA) were lower (p < 0.05) on day Q7 than those on days Q21 and Q14, then increased (p < 0.05) after lambing. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations gradually decreased (p < 0.05) in perinatal ewes. BHBA and NEFA concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) on day Q21 than those from days Q14 to H14. The rumen microbiota compositions were different (p < 0.05) in perinatal ewes, and g_Anaerovibrio, g_Lachnobacterium, and g_Schwartzia were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with DMI, Glu, acetate, propionate, and T-VFA, and negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with LDL-C. g_Bacillus was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with DMI, Glu, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and T-VFA, but positively correlated (p < 0.05) with rumen pH and LDL-C. In summary, the DMI, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and serum parameters changed during the perinatal period of ewes, and the changes in DMI, serum glucose, acetate, propionate, and T-VFA were related to the rumen bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Siwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xuejiao Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Chunhui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yueqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.C.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
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Zhao Y, Liu M, Jiang L, Guan L. Could natural phytochemicals be used to reduce nitrogen excretion and excreta-derived N 2O emissions from ruminants? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 37941085 PMCID: PMC10634152 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants play a critical role in our food system by converting plant biomass that humans cannot or choose not to consume into edible high-quality food. However, ruminant excreta is a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas with a long-term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide. Natural phytochemicals or forages containing phytochemicals have shown the potential to improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization and decrease N2O emissions from the excreta of ruminants. Dietary inclusion of tannins can shift more of the excreted N to the feces, alter the urinary N composition and consequently reduce N2O emissions from excreta. Essential oils or saponins could inhibit rumen ammonia production and decrease urinary N excretion. In grazed pastures, large amounts of glucosinolates or aucubin can be introduced into pasture soils when animals consume plants rich in these compounds and then excrete them or their metabolites in the urine or feces. If inhibitory compounds are excreted in the urine, they would be directly applied to the urine patch to reduce nitrification and subsequent N2O emissions. The phytochemicals' role in sustainable ruminant production is undeniable, but much uncertainty remains. Inconsistency, transient effects, and adverse effects limit the effectiveness of these phytochemicals for reducing N losses. In this review, we will identify some current phytochemicals found in feed that have the potential to manipulate ruminant N excretion or mitigate N2O production and deliberate the challenges and opportunities associated with using phytochemicals or forages rich in phytochemicals as dietary strategies for reducing N excretion and excreta-derived N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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Gao M, Cieślak A, Huang H, Gogulski M, Petric D, Ruska D, Patra AK, El-Sherbiny M, Szumacher-Strabel M. Effects of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Gao J, Zhao G. Potentials of using dietary plant secondary metabolites to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle: Impacts, mechanisms and perspectives. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:327-334. [PMID: 35647327 PMCID: PMC9118128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas as well as the key component depleting the ozone sphere of the earth. Cattle have high feed and water intakes and excrete large amounts of urine and feces. N2O can be produced from cattle excreta during storage and use as fertilizer. Mitigating the N2O emissions from cattle excreta during production is important for protecting the environment and the sustainable development of the cattle industry. Feeding cattle with low-protein diets increases N utilization rates, decreases N excretion and consequently reduces N2O emissions. However, this approach cannot be applied in the long term because of its negative impact on animal performance. Recent studies showed that dietary inclusion of some plant secondary metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, glucosinolates and aucubin could manipulate the N excretion and the urinary components and consequently regulate N2O emissions from cattle excreta. This review summarized the recent developments in the effects of dietary tannins, anthocyanins and glucosinolates on the metabolism of cattle and the N2O emissions from cattle excreta and concluded that dietary inclusion of tannins or anthocyanins could considerably reduce N2O emissions from cattle excreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Zhu W, Liu T, Deng J, Wei CC, Zhang ZJ, Wang DM, Chen XY. Microbiome-metabolomics analysis of the effects of decreasing dietary crude protein content on goat rumen mictobiota and metabolites. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1535-1544. [PMID: 35240019 PMCID: PMC9449381 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of decreasing dietary crude protein content on rumen fermentation, mictobiota, and metabolites in goats. Methods In an 84-day feeding trial, a total of twelve male Anhui white goat kids with initial body weight 15.9±1.13 kg were selected and randomly classified into two groups, feeding a normal crude protein diet (14.8% CP, NCP) or a low crude protein diet (12.0% CP, LCP). At the end of the experimental trial (on day 84), six animals were randomly selected from each group and were slaughtered to collect rumen fluid samples for the analysis of rumen fermentation parameters, microbiome, and metabolome. Results The concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and propionate were decreased (p<0.05) in the LCP group in comparison with those in the NCP group. The abundances of genera Prevotella, Campylobacter, Synergistetes, and TG5, which were associated with nitrogen metabolism, were lower (p<0.05) in the LCP group compared with those in the NCP group. The levels of 78 metabolites (74 decreased, 4 increased) in the rumen fluid were altered (p<0.05) by the treatment. Most of the ruminal metabolites that showed decreased levels in the LCP group were substrates for microbial protein synthesis. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly different (p<0.05) in rumen fluid between the two treatments. Conclusion Decreased dietary protein level inhibited rumen fermentation through microbiome and metabolome shifts in goat kids. These results enhance our understanding of ruminal bacteria and metabolites of goat fed a low protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cong Cong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Di Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutirtion, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Yong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Gao J, Cheng B, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Zhao G. Effects of dietary inclusion with rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates on nitrogen metabolism and urine nitrous oxide emissions in steers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:204-215. [PMID: 34977389 PMCID: PMC8685989 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of glucosinolates (GLS) in rapeseed cake (RSC) on nitrogen (N) metabolism and urine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in steers. In trial 1, 8 steers and 4 levels of RSC, i.e. 0, 2.7%, 5.4% and 8.0% dry matter (DM) (0, 6.0, 12.1, 18.1 μmol GLS/g DM) were allocated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. In trial 2, the static incubation technique was used for measuring the N2O emissions of the urine samples collected from trial 1. The results of trial 1 indicated that dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the digested N and increased the fecal N excretion (P < 0.01), whereas it did not affect the urinary N excretion, total N excretion and N retention (P > 0.10). Dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the urinary excretion of urea while it increased allantoin, total purine derivatives, the predicted rumen microbial N flow and thiocyanate (SCN) (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of RSC did not affect the plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine while it down-regulated the plasma relative concentrations of 4-aminohippuric acid, 3α,7α-dihydroxycoprostanic acid, phosphatidylserine (14:0/16:0), 6β-hydroxyprogesterone, pyrrhoxanthinol, tatridin B, mandelonitrile rutinoside, taraxacoside (P < 0.05), and up-regulated hypoglycin B, neuromedin N (1-4), dhurrin, 5-deoxykievitone (P < 0.01). The results of trial 2 indicated that dietary RSC increased the steer urine N2O-N fluxes, the ratio of N2O-N to N application and the estimated steer urine N2O-N emissions (P < 0.01). A close correlation was found between the estimated steer urine N2O-N emissions and the output of urinary SCN (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary RSC increased the fecal N excretion, whereas it did not affect the urinary N excretion and the N retention rate in steers. Dietary RSC increased rather than decreased the urine N2O-N emissions even though it decreased the urinary excretion of urea. The SCN excreted in urine could be the major factor in increasing the urine N2O-N emissions. Whether other metabolites excreted into urine from RSC have an impact on the urine N2O-N emissions in steers needs to be investigated in the future.
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Gao J, Cheng B, Liu Y, Li MM, Zhao G. Dietary supplementation with red cabbage extract rich in anthocyanins increases urinary hippuric acid excretion and consequently decreases nitrous oxide emissions in beef bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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