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Huang ZY, Xi YL, Wang Q, Li ZA, Shi BC, Ge YL. Evolution Under Dietary Restriction Increases Reproduction at the Cost of Decreased Somatic Growth. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1135-1142. [PMID: 37061823 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is cited as the most reliable means of extending life span in a wide range of taxa, yet the evolutionary basis of the DR effect on life span remains unclear. The resource reallocation hypothesis proposes that the longevity-extending response of DR is adaptive and stems from the reallocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance under food-limited conditions. However, if DR continues for multiple generations, such a response becomes maladaptive, and genotypes with higher fecundity should be selectively favored over genotypes with longer longevity. To test this prediction, we exposed replicate populations of the rotifer Brachionus dorcas, a model organism for aging and experimental evolution studies, to DR and ad-libitum (AL) diets for 100 days. During the selection experiment, AL-selected populations showed higher growth rates and mictic ratios than DR-selected populations. After approximately 27 asexual generations of selection, populations with a DR selection history had a higher net reproductive rate but lower body volume and ingestion rate in the absence of survival costs than populations with an AL selection history when they were assayed on an AL diet. Our results are inconsistent with the prediction that evolution on sustained DR increases reproduction and reduces life span, and show for the first time that sustained DR selects for clones with higher energy investment in reproduction but lower investment in somatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Long Xi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Ai Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Chun Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Li Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-funded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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2
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Simons MJP, Dobson AJ. The importance of reaction norms in dietary restriction and ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101926. [PMID: 37019387 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing research has progressed rapidly through our ability to modulate the ageing process. Pharmacological and dietary treatments can increase lifespan and have been instrumental in our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing. Recently, several studies have reported genetic variance in response to these anti-ageing interventions, questioning their universal application and making a case for personalised medicine in our field. As an extension of these findings the response to dietary restriction was found to not be repeatable when the same genetic mouse lines were retested. We show here that this effect is more widespread with the response to dietary restriction also showing low repeatability across genetic lines in the fly (Drosophila melanogaster). We further argue that variation in reaction norms, the relationship between dose and response, can explain such conflicting findings in our field. We simulate genetic variance in reaction norms and show that such variation can: 1) lead to over- or under-estimation of treatment responses, 2) dampen the response measured if a genetically heterogeneous population is studied, and 3) illustrate that genotype-by-dose-by-environment interactions can lead to low repeatability of DR and potentially other anti-ageing interventions. We suggest that putting experimental biology and personalised geroscience in a reaction norm framework will aid progress in ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre J P Simons
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Adam J Dobson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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Martinez NP, Pinch M, Kandel Y, Hansen IA. Knockdown of the Sodium/Potassium ATPase Subunit Beta 2 Reduces Egg Production in the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2023; 14:50. [PMID: 36661978 PMCID: PMC9862990 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) is present in the cellular membrane of most eukaryotic cells. It utilizes energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, which establishes and controls ion gradients. Functional NKA pumps consist of three subunits, alpha, beta, and FXYD. The alpha subunit serves as the catalytic subunit while the beta and FXYD subunits regulate the proper folding and localization, and ion affinity of the alpha subunit, respectively. Here we demonstrate that knockdown of NKA beta subunit 2 mRNA (nkaβ2) reduces fecundity in female Ae. aegypti. We determined the expression pattern of nkaβ2 in several adult mosquito organs using qRT-PCR. We performed RNAi-mediated knockdown of nkaβ2 and assayed for lethality, and effects on female fecundity. Tissue expression levels of nkaβ2 mRNA were highest in the ovaries with the fat body, midgut and thorax having similar expression levels, while Malpighian tubules had significantly lower expression. Survival curves recorded post dsRNA injection showed a non-significant decrease in survival of nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to GFP dsRNA-injected mosquitoes. We observed a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to control mosquitoes. These results, coupled with the tissue expression profile of nkaβ2, indicate that this subunit plays a role in normal female Ae. aegypti fecundity. Additional research needs to be conducted to determine the exact role played by NKAβ2 in mosquito post-blood meal nutrient sensing, transport, yolk precursor protein (YPP) synthesis and yolk deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Martinez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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4
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Fulton TL, Mirth CK, Piper MDW. Restricting a single amino acid cross-protects Drosophila melanogaster from nicotine poisoning through mTORC1 and GCN2 signalling. Open Biol 2022; 12:220319. [PMID: 36514979 PMCID: PMC9748770 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions that restrict protein intake have repeatedly been shown to offer beneficial health outcomes to the consumer. Benefits such as increased stress tolerance can be observed when individual amino acids are restricted, thus mimicking dietary protein restriction. Here, we sought to further understand the relationship between dietary amino acids and stress tolerance using Drosophila melanogaster. Using a chemically defined medium for Drosophila, we found that transiently restricting adult flies of a single essential amino acid generally protects against a lethal dose of the naturally occurring insecticide, nicotine. This protection varied with the identity of the focal amino acid and depended on the duration and intensity of its restriction. To understand the molecular basis of these effects, we modified the signalling of two cellular sensors of amino acids, GCN2 and mTORC1, in combination with amino acid restriction. We found that GCN2 was necessary for diets to protect against nicotine, whereas the suppression of mTORC1 was sufficient to induce nicotine resistance. This finding implies that amino acid restriction acts via amino acid signalling to cross-protect against seemingly unrelated stressors. Altogether, our study offers new insights into the physiological responses to restriction of individual amino acids that confer stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia L. Fulton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christen K. Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew D. W. Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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5
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Gautrey SL, Simons MJP. Amino acid availability is not essential for lifespan extension by dietary restriction in the fly. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2181-2185. [PMID: 35486979 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most potent ways to extend health- and lifespan. Key progress in understanding the mechanisms of DR, and ageing more generally, was made when dietary protein, and more specifically essential amino acids (EAA), were identified as the dietary component to restrict to obtain DR's health and lifespan benefits. This role of dietary amino acids has influenced work on ageing mechanisms, especially in nutrient sensing, e.g. Tor and insulin(-like) signalling networks. Experimental biology in Drosophila melanogaster has been instrumental in generating and confirming the hypothesis that EAA availability is important in ageing. Here, we expand on previous work testing the involvement of EAA in DR through large scale (N=6,238) supplementation experiments across four diets and two genotypes in female flies. Surprisingly, we find that EAA are not essential to DR's lifespan benefits. Importantly, we do identify the fecundity benefits of EAA supplementation suggesting the supplemented EAA were bioavailable. Furthermore, we find that the effects of amino acids on lifespan vary by diet and genetic line studied and that at our most restricted diet fecundity is constrained by other nutrients than EAA. We suggest that DR for optimal health is a concert of nutritional effects, orchestrated by genetic, dietary and other environmental interactions. Our results question the universal importance of amino acid availability in the biology of ageing and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Gautrey
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mirre J P Simons
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
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6
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The seesaw of diet restriction and lifespan: lessons from Drosophila studies. Biogerontology 2021; 22:253-259. [PMID: 33575931 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diet restriction (DR) studies undergo the implementation of reduced single or multiple component/s of the fly food without causing malnutrition. The question of how and why DR modifies the fate of lifespan in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster has prompted us to emphasize by attending the control food composition first. Certain concentrations of DR food do not always confer an extended lifespan, rather it enables the flies to achieve their normal lifespan, which was probably reduced by the control food per se (having toxic effect caused due to the excess levels of dietary components). However, the current paradigm of DR studies has elicited its benefits and losses via trade-offs in the organismal traits and have highlighted the need for a common diet, but have not claimed the tested diets as balanced. So, the DR effect on lifespan and other fitness traits cannot be justified only based on varying control food across labs and hence, the approach of DR studies has to be revisited and a balanced diet has to be formulated. The current article discusses the need for a balanced diet, the traits to be considered before designing a diet, and certain problems in the existing synthetic medium. Therefore, based on the control food composition, the validity of lifespan extension conferred by these nutrient restricted diets need to be accounted for.
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7
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McCracken AW, Buckle E, Simons MJP. The relationship between longevity and diet is genotype dependent and sensitive to desiccation in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb230185. [PMID: 33109715 PMCID: PMC7725603 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.230185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a key focus in ageing research. Specific conditions and genotypes were recently found to negate lifespan extension by DR, questioning its universal relevance. However, the concept of dietary reaction norms explains why the effects of DR might be obscured in some situations. We tested the importance of dietary reaction norms by measuring longevity and fecundity on five diets in five genotypes, with and without water supplementation in female Drosophila melanogaster (N>25,000). We found substantial genetic variation in the response of lifespan to diet. Flies supplemented with water rescued putative desiccation stress on the richest diets, suggesting that water availability can be an experimental confound. Fecundity declined on these richest diets, but was unaffected by water, and this reduction is thus most likely to be caused by nutritional toxicity. Our results demonstrate empirically that a range of diets need to be considered to conclude an absence of the DR longevity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W McCracken
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleanor Buckle
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mirre J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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8
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Juricic P, Grönke S, Partridge L. Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have Equivalent Effects to Other Essential Amino Acids on Lifespan and Aging-Related Traits in Drosophila. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:24-31. [PMID: 30891588 PMCID: PMC6909895 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been suggested to be particularly potent activators of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Moreover, increased circulating BCAAs are associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in both mice and humans, and with increased mortality in mice. However, it remains unknown if BCAAs play a more prominent role in longevity than do other essential amino acids (EAAs). To test for a more prominent role of BCAAs in lifespan and related traits in Drosophila, we restricted either BCAAs or a control group of three other EAAs, threonine, histidine and lysine (THK). BCAA restriction induced compensatory feeding, lipid accumulation, stress resistance and amelioration of age-related gut pathology. It also extended lifespan in a dietary-nitrogen-dependent manner. Importantly, the control restriction of THK had similar effects on these phenotypes. Our control diet was designed to have every EAA equally limiting for growth and reproduction, and our findings therefore suggest that the level of the most limiting EAAs in the diet, rather than the specific EAAs that are limiting, determines the response of these phenotypes to EAA restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Juricic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, and Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, and Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, and Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL, London, UK
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9
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Jin K, Wilson KA, Beck JN, Nelson CS, Brownridge GW, Harrison BR, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Brem RB, Yu S, Drton M, Shojaie A, Kapahi P, Promislow D. Genetic and metabolomic architecture of variation in diet restriction-mediated lifespan extension in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008835. [PMID: 32644988 PMCID: PMC7347105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan. However, several studies have found that genotypes within the same species vary widely in how they respond to DR. To explore the mechanisms underlying this variation, we exposed 178 inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines to a DR or ad libitum (AL) diet, and measured a panel of 105 metabolites under both diets. Twenty four out of 105 metabolites were associated with the magnitude of the lifespan response. These included proteinogenic amino acids and metabolites involved in α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/glutamine metabolism. We confirm the role of α-KG/glutamine synthesis pathways in the DR response through genetic manipulations. We used covariance network analysis to investigate diet-dependent interactions between metabolites, identifying the essential amino acids threonine and arginine as “hub” metabolites in the DR response. Finally, we employ a novel metabolic and genetic bipartite network analysis to reveal multiple genes that influence DR lifespan response, some of which have not previously been implicated in DR regulation. One of these is CCHa2R, a gene that encodes a neuropeptide receptor that influences satiety response and insulin signaling. Across the lines, variation in an intronic single nucleotide variant of CCHa2R correlated with variation in levels of five metabolites, all of which in turn were correlated with DR lifespan response. Inhibition of adult CCHa2R expression extended DR lifespan of flies, confirming the role of CCHa2R in lifespan response. These results provide support for the power of combined genomic and metabolomic analysis to identify key pathways underlying variation in this complex quantitative trait. Dietary restriction extends lifespan across most organisms in which it has been tested. However, several studies have now demonstrated that this effect can vary dramatically across different genotypes within a population. Within a population, dietary restriction might be beneficial for some, yet detrimental for others. Here, we measure the metabolome of 178 genetically characterized fly strains on fully fed and restricted diets. The fly strains vary widely in their lifespan response to dietary restriction. We then use information about each strain’s genome and metabolome (a measure of small molecules circulating in flies) to pinpoint cellular pathways that govern this variation in response. We identify a novel pathway involving the gene CCHa2R, which encodes a neuropeptide receptor that has not previously been implicated in dietary restriction or age-related signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the power of leveraging systems biology and network biology methods to understand how and why different individuals vary in their response to health and lifespan-extending interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Beck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | | | - George W. Brownridge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Harrison
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel B. Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Shiqing Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mathias Drton
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Moatt JP, Savola E, Regan JC, Nussey DH, Walling CA. Lifespan Extension Via Dietary Restriction: Time to Reconsider the Evolutionary Mechanisms? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900241. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Moatt
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Eevi Savola
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Jennifer C. Regan
- Institute for Immunology and InfectionSchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Daniel H. Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
| | - Craig A. Walling
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK
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11
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McCracken AW, Adams G, Hartshorne L, Tatar M, Simons MJP. The hidden costs of dietary restriction: Implications for its evolutionary and mechanistic origins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3047. [PMID: 32128403 PMCID: PMC7034997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span across taxa. Despite considerable research, universal mechanisms of DR have not been identified, limiting its translational potential. Guided by the conviction that DR evolved as an adaptive, pro-longevity physiological response to food scarcity, biomedical science has interpreted DR as an activator of pro-longevity molecular pathways. Current evolutionary theory predicts that organisms invest in their soma during DR, and thus when resource availability improves, should outcompete rich-fed controls in survival and/or reproduction. Testing this prediction in Drosophila melanogaster (N > 66,000 across 11 genotypes), our experiments revealed substantial, unexpected mortality costs when flies returned to a rich diet following DR. The physiological effects of DR should therefore not be interpreted as intrinsically pro-longevity, acting via somatic maintenance. We suggest DR could alternatively be considered an escape from costs incurred under nutrient-rich conditions, in addition to costs associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. McCracken
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Gracie Adams
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laura Hartshorne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mirre J. P. Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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12
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Regan JC, Froy H, Walling CA, Moatt JP, Nussey DH. Dietary restriction and insulin‐like signalling pathways as adaptive plasticity: A synthesis and re‐evaluation. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Regan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Hannah Froy
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Craig A. Walling
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Joshua P. Moatt
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Daniel H. Nussey
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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13
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Diet Composition Differentially Affects Insulin Pathway Compromised and Control Flies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1451623. [PMID: 30805360 PMCID: PMC6362468 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1451623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The insulin pathway is an anabolic pathway that controls, amongst other things, glucose homeostasis. It is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. Disruptions in insulin pathway functions can lead to diabetic states. Diabetes, a very common occurrence in modern life, afflicts a significant portion of the population of developed and developing countries worldwide. Yet, few studies have addressed the evolution of diabetic states on a long-term basis. Here, we cultured three different insulin pathway signaling compromised flies (heteroallelic mutant combinations, akin to diabetes mellitus type II) and wild type control flies, for the extent of one generation in different isocaloric diets fed at libitum, with or without extra methionine added. All fly stocks have a homogenized genetic background. We measured weight, total lipid, and carbohydrate content of adults at two different time points, and survival of adults reared in some of the different diets. Results show that, despite the fact that all diet regimes allow survival of at least a fraction of flies to adulthood, life histories are significantly different. Higher protein content diets promote better survival compared to higher percentage lipid and carbohydrate diets, and added methionine promotes survival in moderately reduced protein content diets. In mutants, survival is significantly reduced, and added methionine generally has an effect, albeit a more modest one. Our results highlight the value of higher percentage protein diets, and differences in effects in “healthy” versus “diabetic” states. They also show that added methionine, proposed as a “sensor” for protein content in food for flies, leads to differential effects depending on the adequacy of the diet regime.
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14
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Ørsted M, Malmendal A, Muñoz J, Kristensen TN. Metabolic and functional phenotypic profiling of Drosophila melanogaster reveals reduced sex differentiation under stressful environmental conditions. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Hoedjes KM, Rodrigues MA, Flatt T. Amino acid modulation of lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 23:118-122. [PMID: 29129276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating amino acid (AA) intake in Drosophila can profoundly affect lifespan and reproduction. Remarkably, AA manipulation can uncouple the commonly observed trade-off between these traits. This finding seems to challenge the idea that this trade-off is due to competitive resource allocation, but here we argue that this view might be too simplistic. We also discuss the mechanisms of the AA response, mediated by the IIS/TOR and GCN2 pathways. Elucidating how these pathways respond to specific AA will likely yield important insights into how AA modulate the reproduction-lifespan relationship. The Drosophila model offers powerful genetic tools, combined with options for precise diet manipulation, to address these fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Hoedjes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marisa A Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Piper MDW, Soultoukis GA, Blanc E, Mesaros A, Herbert SL, Juricic P, He X, Atanassov I, Salmonowicz H, Yang M, Simpson SJ, Ribeiro C, Partridge L. Matching Dietary Amino Acid Balance to the In Silico-Translated Exome Optimizes Growth and Reproduction without Cost to Lifespan. Cell Metab 2017; 25:610-621. [PMID: 28273481 PMCID: PMC5355364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Balancing the quantity and quality of dietary protein relative to other nutrients is a key determinant of evolutionary fitness. A theoretical framework for defining a balanced diet would both reduce the enormous workload to optimize diets empirically and represent a breakthrough toward tailoring diets to the needs of consumers. Here, we report a simple and powerful in silico technique that uses the genome information of an organism to define its dietary amino acid requirements. We show for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that such "exome-matched" diets are more satiating, enhance growth, and increase reproduction relative to non-matched diets. Thus, early life fitness traits can be enhanced at low levels of dietary amino acids that do not impose a cost to lifespan. Exome matching also enhanced mouse growth, indicating that it can be applied to other organisms whose genome sequence is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D W Piper
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | | | - Eric Blanc
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Samantha L Herbert
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Paula Juricic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Xiaoli He
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln 50931, Germany
| | | | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Carlos Ribeiro
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln 50931, Germany.
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17
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Zajitschek F, Zajitschek SRK, Canton C, Georgolopoulos G, Friberg U, Maklakov AA. Evolution under dietary restriction increases male reproductive performance without survival cost. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152726. [PMID: 26911958 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), a reduction in nutrient intake without malnutrition, is the most reproducible way to extend lifespan in a wide range of organisms across the tree of life, yet the evolutionary underpinnings of the DR effect on lifespan are still widely debated. The leading theory suggests that this effect is adaptive and results from reallocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance, in order to survive periods of famine in nature. However, such response would cease to be adaptive when DR is chronic and animals are selected to allocate more resources to reproduction. Nevertheless, chronic DR can also increase the strength of selection resulting in the evolution of more robust genotypes. We evolved Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies on 'DR', 'standard' and 'high' adult diets in replicate populations with overlapping generations. After approximately 25 generations of experimental evolution, male 'DR' flies had higher fitness than males from 'standard' and 'high' populations. Strikingly, this increase in reproductive success did not come at a cost to survival. Our results suggest that sustained DR selects for more robust male genotypes that are overall better in converting resources into energy, which they allocate mostly to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zajitschek
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Susanne R K Zajitschek
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, c/ Americo Vespucio, s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cindy Canton
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Urban Friberg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural, Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
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18
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Talbert ME, Barnett B, Hoff R, Amella M, Kuczynski K, Lavington E, Koury S, Brud E, Eanes WF. Genetic perturbation of key central metabolic genes extends lifespan in Drosophila and affects response to dietary restriction. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1646. [PMID: 26378219 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a connection between nutrient inputs, energy-sensing pathways, lifespan variation and aging. Despite the role of metabolic enzymes in energy homeostasis and their metabolites as nutrient signals, little is known about how their gene expression impacts lifespan. In this report, we use P-element mutagenesis in Drosophila to study the effect on lifespan of reductions in expression of seven central metabolic enzymes, and contrast the effects on normal diet and dietary restriction. The major observation is that for five of seven genes, the reduction of gene expression extends lifespan on one or both diets. Two genes are involved in redox balance, and we observe that lower activity genotypes significantly extend lifespan. The hexokinases also show extension of lifespan with reduced gene activity. Since both affect the ATP/ADP ratio, this connects with the role of AMP-activated protein kinase as an energy sensor in regulating lifespan and mediating caloric restriction. These genes possess significant expression variation in natural populations, and our experimental genotypes span this level of natural activity variation. Our studies link the readout of energy state with the perturbation of the genes of central metabolism and demonstrate their effect on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Talbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Brittany Barnett
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Robert Hoff
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Maria Amella
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kate Kuczynski
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Erik Lavington
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Spencer Koury
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Evgeny Brud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Walter F Eanes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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19
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Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet S, Cogger VC, Mitchell SJ, Senior A, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. The impact of low-protein high-carbohydrate diets on aging and lifespan. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1237-52. [PMID: 26718486 PMCID: PMC11108352 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Most research on nutritional effects on aging has focussed on the impact of manipulating single dietary factors such as total calorie intake or each of the macronutrients individually. More recent studies using a nutritional geometric approach called the Geometric Framework have facilitated an understanding of how aging is influenced across a landscape of diets that vary orthogonally in macronutrient and total energy content. Such studies have been performed using ad libitum feeding regimes, thus taking into account compensatory feeding responses that are inevitable in a non-constrained environment. Geometric Framework studies on insects and mice have revealed that diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates generate longest lifespans in ad libitum-fed animals while low total energy intake (caloric restriction by dietary dilution) has minimal effect. These conclusions are supported indirectly by observational studies in humans and a heterogeneous group of other types of interventional studies in insects and rodents. Due to compensatory feeding for protein dilution, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets are often associated with increased food intake and body fat, a phenomenon called protein leverage. This could potentially be mitigated by supplementing these diets with interventions that influence body weight through physical activity and ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, 2139, Australia
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute ON Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
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20
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Emanuele Bianchi V, Falcioni G. Reactive oxygen species, health and longevity. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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21
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Miller PB, Obrik-Uloho OT, Phan MH, Medrano CL, Renier JS, Thayer JL, Wiessner G, Bloch Qazi MC. The song of the old mother: reproductive senescence in female drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2015; 8:127-39. [PMID: 25523082 DOI: 10.4161/19336934.2014.969144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among animals with multiple reproductive episodes, changes in adult condition over time can have profound effects on lifetime reproductive fitness and offspring performance. The changes in condition associated with senescence can be particularly acute for females who support reproductive processes from oogenesis through fertilization. The pomace fly Drosophila melanogaster is a well-established model system for exploring the physiology of reproduction and senescence. In this review, we describe how increasing maternal age in Drosophila affects reproductive fitness and offspring performance as well as the genetic foundation of these effects. Describing the processes underlying female reproductive senescence helps us understand diverse phenomena including population demographics, condition-dependent selection, sexual conflict, and transgenerational effects of maternal condition on offspring fitness. Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive senescence clarifies the nature of life-history trade-offs as well as potential ways to augment and/or limit female fertility in a variety of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Miller
- a Department of Biology ; Gustavus Adolphus College ; St Peter , MN USA
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22
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Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Caloric restriction and the aging process: a critique. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:366-82. [PMID: 24941891 PMCID: PMC4111977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to provide an appraisal of the current status of the relationship between energy intake and the life span of animals. The concept that a reduction in food intake, or caloric restriction (CR), retards the aging process, delays the age-associated decline in physiological fitness, and extends the life span of organisms of diverse phylogenetic groups is one of the leading paradigms in gerontology. However, emerging evidence disputes some of the primary tenets of this conception. One disparity is that the CR-related increase in longevity is not universal and may not even be shared among different strains of the same species. A further misgiving is that the control animals, fed ad libitum (AL), become overweight and prone to early onset of diseases and death, and thus may not be the ideal control animals for studies concerned with comparisons of longevity. Reexamination of body weight and longevity data from a study involving over 60,000 mice and rats, conducted by a National Institute on Aging-sponsored project, suggests that CR-related increase in life span of specific genotypes is directly related to the gain in body weight under the AL feeding regimen. Additionally, CR in mammals and "dietary restriction" in organisms such as Drosophila are dissimilar phenomena, albeit they are often presented to be the very same. The latter involves a reduction in yeast rather than caloric intake, which is inconsistent with the notion of a common, conserved mechanism of CR action in different species. Although specific mechanisms by which CR affects longevity are not well understood, existing evidence supports the view that CR increases the life span of those particular genotypes that develop energy imbalance owing to AL feeding. In such groups, CR lowers body temperature, rate of metabolism, and oxidant production and retards the age-related pro-oxidizing shift in the redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajindar S Sohal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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23
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Wang C, Yolitz J, Alberico T, Laslo M, Sun Y, Wheeler CT, Sun X, Zou S. Cranberry interacts with dietary macronutrients to promote healthy aging in Drosophila. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:945-54. [PMID: 24149429 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals possess numerous bioactivities, and some promote healthy aging. Dietary macronutrients are major determinants of life span. The interaction between botanicals and macronutrients that modulates life span is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of a cranberry-containing botanical on life span and the influence of macronutrients on the longevity-related effect of cranberry in Drosophila. Flies were supplemented with cranberry on three dietary conditions: standard, high sugar-low protein, and low sugar-high protein diets. We found that cranberry slightly extended life span in males fed with the low sugar-high protein diet but not with other diets. Cranberry extended life span in females fed with the standard diet and more prominently the high sugar-low protein diet but not with the low sugar-high protein diet. Life-span extension was associated with increased reproduction and higher expression of oxidative stress and heat shock response genes. Moreover, cranberry improved survival of sod1 knockdown and dfoxo mutant flies but did not increase wild-type fly's resistance to acute oxidative stress. Cranberry slightly extended life span in flies fed with a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that cranberry promotes healthy aging by increasing stress responsiveness. Our study reveals an interaction of cranberry with dietary macronutrients and stresses the importance of considering diet composition in designing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wang
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Laslo
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaning Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles T Wheeler
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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24
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Zajitschek F, Zajitschek SRK, Friberg U, Maklakov AA. Interactive effects of sex, social environment, dietary restriction, and methionine on survival and reproduction in fruit flies. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1193-1204. [PMID: 22798158 PMCID: PMC3705097 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For the evolution of life histories, the trade-off between survival and reproduction is fundamental. Because sexes optimize fitness in different ways, this trade-off is expected to be resolved differently by males and females. Consequently, the sexes are predicted to respond differently to changes in resource availability. In fruit flies, research on dietary restriction has focused largely on females maintained in the absence of males, thereby neglecting sexual interactions that affect reproductive behavior of both sexes under more natural conditions. Here, we tested for the interactive effects of diet (40, 60, 100, and 300 % of standard yeast concentrations) and social environment (separate-sex vs. mixed-sex groups) on male and female Drosophila melanogaster life histories. Additionally, we evaluated the essential amino acid methionine as an agent that can uncouple the survival-reproduction trade-off. We show sex differences in the effect of social environment on survival patterns, but not on reproductive fitness. In females, yeast had a positive effect on reproduction and a negative effect on survival. In males, yeast had a negative effect on reproduction and the effect on survival depended on the social environment. Methionine reduced survival, but had no effect on reproduction. Our findings highlight the need to include both sexes and to vary social environments in research programs aimed at lifespan extension and call for further evaluation of the fecundity-restoring effect of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zajitschek
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ageing Research Group, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden.
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