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McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Seegobin N, Verin J, Alfassam HA, Awad A, Marzorati M, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, De Munck J, De Medts J, Steppe E, De Vleeschhauwer V, De Rocker G, Droesbeke A, De Rijck M, Vanthoor S, Moens F, Siepmann J, Siepmann F, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) particles are metabolised by the gut microbiome and elevate short chain fatty acids. J Control Release 2024; 369:163-178. [PMID: 38521168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the colonic microbiome has numerous benefits for human health, including maintenance of epithelial barrier function, suppression of colitis, and protection against carcinogenesis. Despite the therapeutic potential, there is currently no optimal approach for elevating the colonic microbiome's synthesis of SCFAs. In this study, poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was investigated for this application, as it was hypothesised that the colonic microbiota would metabolise PLGA to its lactate monomers, which would promote the resident microbiota's synthesis of SCFAs. Two grades of spray dried PLGA, alongside a lactate bolus control, were screened in an advanced model of the human colon, known as the M-SHIME® system. Whilst the high molecular weight (Mw) grade of PLGA was stable in the presence of the microbiota sourced from three healthy humans, the low Mw PLGA (PLGA 2) was found to be metabolised. This microbial degradation led to sustained release of lactate over 48 h and increased concentrations of the SCFAs propionate and butyrate. Further, microbial synthesis of harmful ammonium was significantly reduced compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, both types of PLGA were found to influence the composition of the luminal and mucosal microbiota in a donor-specific manner. An in vitro model of an inflamed colonic epithelium also showed the polymer to affect the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as interleukins 8 and 10. The findings of this study reveal PLGA's sensitivity to enzymatic metabolism in the gut, which could be harnessed for therapeutic elevation of colonic SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Ferraro
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nidhi Seegobin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jérémy Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Haya A Alfassam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 114422 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Evi Steppe
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Vanthoor
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Kang MJ, Jeong H, Kim S, Shin J, Song Y, Lee BH, Park HG, Lee TH, Jiang HH, Han YS, Lee BG, Lee HJ, Park MJ, Park YS. Structural analysis and prebiotic activity of exopolysaccharide produced by probiotic strain Bifidobacterium bifidum EPS DA-LAIM. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:517-529. [PMID: 36911335 PMCID: PMC9992680 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Bifidobacterium bifidum EPS DA-LAIM was isolated from healthy human feces, the structure of purified EPS from the strain was analyzed, and its prebiotic activity was evaluated. The EPS from B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM is a glucomannan-type heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 407-1007 kDa, and its structure comprises 2-mannosyl, 6-mannosyl, and 2,6-mannosyl residues. The purified EPS promoted the growth of representative lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial strains. Bifidobacterium bifidum EPS DA-LAIM increased nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, indicating its immunostimulatory activity. Bifidobacterium bifidum EPS DA-LAIM also exhibited high gastrointestinal tract tolerance, gut adhesion ability, and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that EPS from B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM is a potentially useful prebiotic material, and B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM could be applied as a probiotic candidate. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01213-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Huijin Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaein Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbo Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Geun Park
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Hua Jiang
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Han
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyeong Lee
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Lee
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Park
- Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
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Oralbiotica/Oralbiotics: The Impact of Oral Microbiota on Dental Health and Demineralization: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071014. [PMID: 35883998 PMCID: PMC9323959 DOI: 10.3390/children9071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays a vital role in the human microbiome and oral health. Imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic disorders such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to investigate the literature evidence of oral microbiota dysbiosis on oral health and discuss current knowledge and emerging mechanisms governing oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis; both have enhanced our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and aided the design of innovative therapeutic approaches as ORALBIOTICA for oral diseases such as demineralization. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBEDDED, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source via EBSCO, APA PsycINFO, APA PsyArticles, and DRUGS@FDA were searched for publications that matched our topic from January 2017 to 22 April 2022, with an English language constraint using the following Boolean keywords: ("microbio*" and "demineralization*") AND ("oral microbiota" and "demineralization"). Twenty-two studies were included for qualitative analysis. As seen by the studies included in this review, the balance of the microbiota is unstable and influenced by oral hygiene, the presence of orthodontic devices in the oral cavity and poor eating habits that can modify its composition and behavior in both positive and negative ways, increasing the development of demineralization, caries processes, and periodontal disease. Under conditions of dysbiosis, favored by an acidic environment, the reproduction of specific bacterial strains increases, favoring cariogenic ones such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium longum, and S. mutans, than S. salivarius and A. viscosus, and increasing of Firmicutes strains to the disadvantage of Bacteroidetes. Microbial balance can be restored by using probiotics and prebiotics to manage and treat oral diseases, as evidenced by mouthwashes or dietary modifications that can influence microbiota balance and prevent or slow disease progression.
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Talebian S, Schofield T, Valtchev P, Schindeler A, Kavanagh JM, Adil Q, Dehghani F. Biopolymer-Based Multilayer Microparticles for Probiotic Delivery to Colon. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102487. [PMID: 35189037 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The potential health benefits of probiotics may not be realized because of the substantial reduction in their viability during food storage and gastrointestinal transit. Microencapsulation has been successfully utilized to improve the resistance of probiotics to critical conditions. Owing to the unique properties of biopolymers, they have been prevalently used for microencapsulation of probiotics. However, majority of microencapsulated products only contain a single layer of protection around probiotics, which is likely to be inferior to more sophisticated approaches. This review discusses emerging methods for the multilayer encapsulation of probiotic using biopolymers. Correlations are drawn between fabrication techniques and the resultant microparticle properties. Subsequently, multilayer microparticles are categorized based on their layer designs. Recent reports of specific biopolymeric formulations are examined regarding their physical and biological properties. In particular, animal models of gastrointestinal transit and disease are highlighted, with respect to trials of multilayer microencapsulated probiotics. To conclude, novel materials and approaches for fabrication of multilayer structures are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Timothy Schofield
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - John M. Kavanagh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Qayyum Adil
- PharmaCare Laboratories 18 Jubilee Ave Warriewood NSW 2102 Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Abstract
In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has been found to greatly influence a number of biological processes important for human health and longevity. Microbial composition changes easily in response to external factors, such as an unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking. Probiotics are a key factor in maintaining the optimal composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, a number of important questions related to probiotics, such as indication for prescription, comparative efficacy of monostrain and multistrain probiotics, methods of delivery, and shelf life, remain unresolved. The aim of this review is to highlight existing issues regarding probiotic production and their prescription. The review presents the most recent findings regarding advantages and efficacy of monostrain and multistrain probiotics, preservation of probiotic strains in capsules and microcapsules, production of probiotics in the form of biofilms for improved efficacy and survival, and results of clinical studies evaluating the benefits of probiotics against different pathologies. We believe that this work will be of interest to physicians and researchers alike and will promote the development of new probiotics and ensuing regimens aimed at the treatment of various diseases.
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Engevik MA, Danhof HA, Hall A, Engevik KA, Horvath TD, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Endres BT, Bajaj M, Garey KW, Britton RA, Spinler JK, Haag AM, Versalovic J. The metabolic profile of Bifidobacterium dentium reflects its status as a human gut commensal. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:154. [PMID: 34030655 PMCID: PMC8145834 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacteria are commensal microbes of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we aimed to identify the intestinal colonization mechanisms and key metabolic pathways implemented by Bifidobacterium dentium. RESULTS B. dentium displayed acid resistance, with high viability over a pH range from 4 to 7; findings that correlated to the expression of Na+/H+ antiporters within the B. dentium genome. B. dentium was found to adhere to human MUC2+ mucus and harbor mucin-binding proteins. Using microbial phenotyping microarrays and fully-defined media, we demonstrated that in the absence of glucose, B. dentium could metabolize a variety of nutrient sources. Many of these nutrient sources were plant-based, suggesting that B. dentium can consume dietary substances. In contrast to other bifidobacteria, B. dentium was largely unable to grow on compounds found in human mucus; a finding that was supported by its glycosyl hydrolase (GH) profile. Of the proteins identified in B. dentium by proteomic analysis, a large cohort of proteins were associated with diverse metabolic pathways, indicating metabolic plasticity which supports colonization of the dynamic gastrointestinal environment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we conclude that B. dentium is well adapted for commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Regernative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, Charleston, USA.
| | - Heather A Danhof
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Hall
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sigmund J Haidacher
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hoch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley T Endres
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meghna Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Department of Biotechnology, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, 39096, USA
| | - Kevin W Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony M Haag
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Egan M, Bottacini F, O'Connell Motherway M, Casey PG, Morrissey R, Melgar S, Faurie JM, Chervaux C, Smokvina T, van Sinderen D. Staying alive: growth and survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10645-10663. [PMID: 30306201 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Bifidobacterium genus are widely used as probiotics in fermented milk products. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis CNCM I-4602 grows and survives poorly in reconstituted skimmed milk (RSM). Availing of genome and transcriptome information, this poor growth and survival phenotype in milk was substantially improved by the addition of certain compounds, such as yeast extract, uric acid, glutathione, cysteine, ferrous sulfate, and a combination of magnesium sulfate and manganese sulfate. Carbohydrate utilization of CNCM I-4602 was also investigated, allowing the identification of several carbohydrate utilization gene clusters, and highlighting this strain's inability to utilize lactose, unlike the type strain of this subspecies, B. animalis subsp. animalis ATCC25527 and the B. animalis subsp. lactis subspecies. In addition, the ability of B. animalis subsp. animalis CNCM I-4602 to colonize a murine model was investigated, which showed that this strain persists in the murine gut for a period of at least 4 weeks. Associated in vivo transcriptome analysis revealed that, among other genes, a gene cluster encoding a predicted type IVb tight adherence (Tad) pilus was upregulated, indicating that this extracellular structure plays a role in the colonization/adaptation of the murine gastrointestinal tract by this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Egan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Connell Motherway
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick G Casey
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth Morrissey
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Tamara Smokvina
- Danone Nutricia Research, Avenue de la Vauve, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Oliveira Coelho B, Magalhães Júnior AI, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2060-2076. [PMID: 30266342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
International competition within the dairy market and increasing public awareness about the importance of functional food consumption are providing new challenges for innovation in the probiotic sector. In this context, countless references are currently dedicated to the selection and characterization of new species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria. In general, these studies adopt basic selection criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO), including host-associated stress resistance, epithelium adhesion ability, and antimicrobial activity. These aspects are applied to ensure that the candidate probiotic could withstand the stressful conditions of the human digestive system and exert functional proprieties. However, it cannot be assumed that these novel microbial strains are capable of offering several biological benefits attributed to probiotics. Additionally, safety-associated selection criteria, such as plasmid-associated antibiotic resistance spreading and enterotoxin production, are often neglected. This article reviews the recent developments in the processes, strategies, and methods, such as anticarcinogenic, antidepression, antianxiety, antiobesity, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, and cholesterol-lowering assessments, to select probiotic strains with the ultimate objective of assisting future probiotic microbe evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Coelho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Chen MJ, Tang HY, Chiang ML. Effects of heat, cold, acid and bile salt adaptations on the stress tolerance and protein expression of kefir-isolated probiotic Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Aggravation of collagen-induced arthritis by orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis through modulation of the gut microbiota and gut immune system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6955. [PMID: 28761156 PMCID: PMC5537233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porhyromonas gingivalis, a causative bacterium of periodontitis, is implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mainly because of expressing peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) that generates RA-related autoantigens. However, compared with other periodontopathic bacteria, the precise role of P. gingivalis in RA is largely unknown. We found that orally administered P. gingivalis changed the gut microbiome with concomitant elevation of serum endotoxin and inflammatory markers, and impairment of the gut barrier function. Based on findings showing a relationship between gut microbiota and RA, we investigated whether the change of gut microbiota induced by P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, another periodontopathic bacterium without PAD, is associated with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). DBA/1J mice were orally administered with or without bacteria followed by induction of CIA. P. gingivalis, but not P. intermedia, administration significantly aggravated arthritis with increased interleukin-17 levels in sera and culture supernatants, increased Th17 cell proportions among mesenteric lymphocytes, and a significant change in the gut microbiome. However, P. gingivalis administration did not elevate the level of anti-citrullinated protein antibody. These results suggest a unique role of P. gingivalis in the link between periodontitis and RA by affecting the gut immune system and the gut microbiota composition.
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Senneby A, Davies JR, Svensäter G, Neilands J. Acid tolerance properties of dental biofilms in vivo. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:165. [PMID: 28743239 PMCID: PMC5525231 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ecological plaque hypothesis explains caries development as the result of the enrichment of acid tolerant bacteria in dental biofilms in response to prolonged periods of low pH. Acid production by an acid tolerant microflora causes demineralisation of tooth enamel and thus, individuals with a greater proportion of acid tolerant bacteria would be expected to be more prone to caries development. Biofilm acid tolerance could therefore be a possible biomarker for caries prediction. However, little is known about the stability of biofilm acid tolerance over time in vivo or the distribution throughout the oral cavity. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess intra-individual differences in biofilm acid-tolerance between different tooth surfaces and inter-individual variation as well as stability of acid tolerance over time. RESULTS The majority of the adolescents showed low scores for biofilm acid tolerance. In 14 of 20 individuals no differences were seen between the three tooth sites examined. In the remaining six, acid-tolerance at the premolar site differed from one of the other sites. At 51 of 60 tooth sites, acid-tolerance at baseline was unchanged after 1 month. However, acid tolerance values changed over a 1-year period in 50% of the individuals. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm acid tolerance showed short-term stability and low variation between different sites in the same individual suggesting that the acid tolerance could be a promising biological biomarker candidate for caries prediction. Further evaluation is however needed and prospective clinical trials are called for to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Senneby
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology, 205 06, Malmö, SE, Sweden
| | - J R Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Neilands
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Possible correlation between levansucrase production and probiotic activity of Bacillus sp. isolated from honey and honey bee. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:69. [PMID: 28271385 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Five bacterial isolates from honey and bee gut were selected based on their high levansucrase activity and levan yield which were strongly positively correlated. All isolates showed good tolerance to temperature up to 70 °C, to NaCl up to 3 M and to 0.1% H2O2. They maintained over 59 and 64% survival at pH 9.0 and 2.0 respectively, but showed varying tolerance to 0.1% bile salts and pancreatic enzymes. Most isolates were susceptible to widely used antibiotics, but demonstrated diverse antimicrobial activity. Non hemolytic isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus subtilis HMNig-2 and B. subtilis MENO2 with 97% homology. They exhibited promising probiotic characteristics and achieved highest levansucrase activity of 94.1 and 81.5 U/mL respectively. Both exhibited highest biofilm formation ability in static microtiter plate assay. Also, they achieved 34 and 26% adhesion respectively to Caco-2cells and had highest free radical scavenging activity of 30.8 and 26.2% respectively. The levans of the two isolates showed good antimicrobial activity against some pathogens and exhibited positive prebiotic effect (prebiotic index >1) with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus reuteri. Results suggest a correlation between levansucrase production, levan yield and pre-probiotic activities of the studied strains.
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13
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Anaerobic Probiotics: The Key Microbes for Human Health. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 156:397-431. [PMID: 26907552 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGIM) incorporate a large number of microbes from different species. Anaerobic bacteria are the dominant organisms in this microbial consortium and play a crucial role in human health. In addition to their functional role as the main source of many essential metabolites for human health, they are considered as biotherapeutic agents in the regulation of different human metabolites. They are also important in the prevention and in the treatment of different physical and mental diseases. Bifidobacteria are the dominant anaerobic bacteria in HGIM and are widely used in the development of probiotic products for infants, children and adults. To develop bifidobacteria-based bioproducts, therefore, it is necessary to develop a large-scale biomass production platform based on a good understanding of the ideal medium and bioprocessing parameters for their growth and viability. In addition, high cell viability should be maintained during downstream processing and storage of probiotic cell powder or the final formulated product. In this work we review the latest information about the biology, therapeutic activities, cultivation and industrial production of bifidobacteria.
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Chen H, Ma D, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Y. Optimization the Process of Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 by Box-Behnken Design. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/aucft-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of cell suspension-alginate ratios, sodium erythorbate, and inulin on encapsulation yield of microcapsules of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 were studied by Box-Behnken design. The experimental results indicated that cell suspension-alginate ratios, sodium erythorbate and inulin had a significant impact on encapsulation yield, and the embedding yield could be enhanced significantly in the condition of 1:3 cell suspension-alginate ratios, 0.12% sodium erythorbate, and 6% inulin. The optimal embedding yields of microencapsulation of B. bifidum BB01 were observed to be 81.52%, that values were very close to the expected values 81.81%, so the method was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China
| | - Donglin Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Shaanxi Heshi Dairy Co. Ltd., Baoji, 721200, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shaanxi Heshi Dairy Co. Ltd., Baoji, 721200, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China
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Ziarno M, Zaręba D. Effects of milk components and food additives on survival of three bifidobacteria strains in fermented milk under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015; 26:27812. [PMID: 26546945 PMCID: PMC4636862 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.27812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background In the dairy industry, probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium are introduced into the composition of traditional starter cultures intended for the production of fermented foods, or sometimes are the sole microflora responsible for the fermentation process. In order to be able to reach the intestines alive and fulfil their beneficial role, probiotic strains must be able to withstand the acidity of the gastric juices and bile present in the duodenum. Objective The paper reports effects of selected fermented milk components on the viability of three strains of bifidobacteria in fermented milk during subsequent incubation under conditions representing model digestive juices. Design The viability of the bifidobacterial cells was examined after a 3-h incubation of fermented milk under simulated gastric juice conditions and then after 5-h incubation under simulated duodenum juice conditions. The Bifidobacterium strains tested differed in their sensitivity to the simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal juices. Results Bifidobacterial cell viability in simulated intestinal juices was dependent on the strain used in our experiments, and product components acted protectively towards bifidobacterial cells and its dose. Conclusions Bifidobacterial cells introduced into the human gastrointestinal tract as food ingredients have a good chance of survival during intestinal transit and to reach the large intestine thanks to the protective properties of the food components and depending on the strain and composition of the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ziarno
- Division of Milk Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Zaręba
- Division of Milk Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland
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Huang HY, Hsieh HY, King VAE, Chi LL, Tsen JH. To pre-challenge lactic acid bacteria with simulated gastrointestinal conditions is a suitable approach to studying potential probiotic properties. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 107:138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Kim YW, Jeong YJ, Kim AY, Son HH, Lee JA, Jung CH, Kim CH, Kim J. Lactobacillus brevis strains from fermented aloe vera survive gastroduodenal environment and suppress common food borne enteropathogens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90866. [PMID: 24598940 PMCID: PMC3944883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel Lactobacillus brevis strains were isolated from naturally fermented Aloe vera leaf flesh. Each strain was identified by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and 16S rRNA sequence comparison. These strains were highly tolerant to acid, surviving in pH2.5 for up to 4 hours, and resistant to 5% bile salts at 37°C for 18 hours. Due to its tolerance to acid and bile salts, one strain passed through the gastric barrier and colonised the intestine after oral administration. All five strains inhibited the growth of many harmful enteropathogens without restraining most of normal commensals in the gut and hence named POAL (Probiotics Originating from Aloe Leaf) strains. Additionally, each strain exhibited discriminative resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The L. brevis POAL strains, moreover, expressed high levels of the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene which produces a beneficial neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These characteristics in all suggest that the novel L. brevis strains should be considered as potential food additives and resources for pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ah-Young Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Son
- KBNP Technology Institute, KBNP Inc., Yesan, Korea
| | - Jong-Am Lee
- KBNP Technology Institute, KBNP Inc., Yesan, Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeman Kim
- Department of Biology, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wang LQ, Zhao F, Liu F, Meng XC. Live/dead state is not the factor influencing adhesion ability of Bifidobacterium animalis KLDS2.0603. J Microbiol 2013; 51:584-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Andriantsoanirina V, Allano S, Butel MJ, Aires J. Tolerance of Bifidobacterium human isolates to bile, acid and oxygen. Anaerobe 2013; 21:39-42. [PMID: 23598280 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are part of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and are used as probiotics in functional food products because of their health promoting properties. However, only few data are available on the phenotypic characteristics displayed by human bifidobacteria strain populations. In this study we compared the in vitro tolerance to acid, bile and oxygen of the largest number of independent human intestinal strains. Bile and acid tolerance varied among species and independent strains within a species: B. adolescentis strains were the most tolerant to bile followed by Bifidobacterium longum and B. breve; B. longum, B. breve and B. dentium showed the highest viability levels after exposure to acid pH. Oxygen tolerance was largely distributed among intestinal bifidobacteria: B. longum, B. breve and B. bifidum showed the highest oxygen tolerance. B. adolescentis showed the highest susceptibility to acid and oxygen stresses. The present study gave us the opportunity to update our knowledge about the phenotypic characteristics of human intestinal bifidobacteria. B. longum and B. breve harboured the best tolerance to oxygen, bile and acid stresses. Based on such biological characters, B. longum and B. breve species showed the highest interest in terms of potential selection of human probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Andriantsoanirina
- EA4065, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
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Abstract
According to the FAO and the WHO, probiotics are 'live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host'. The strains most frequently used as probiotics include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, which are isolated from traditional fermented products and the gut, faeces and breast milk of human subjects. The identification of microorganisms is the first step in the selection of potential probiotics. The present techniques, including genetic fingerprinting, gene sequencing, oligonucleotide probes and specific primer selection, discriminate closely related bacteria with varying degrees of success. Additional molecular methods, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis/temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation, are employed to identify and characterise probiotics. The ability to examine fully sequenced genomes has accelerated the application of genetic approaches to the elucidation of the functional roles of probiotics. One of the best-demonstrated clinical benefits of probiotics is the prevention and treatment of acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea;however, there is mounting evidence for a potential role for probiotics in the treatment of allergies and intestinal, liver and metabolic diseases. There are various mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects: regulation of intestinal permeability, normalisation of host intestinal microbiota, improvement of gut immune barrier function, and adjustment between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The number of studies carried out to test the effects of probiotics in vitro and in animals is enormous. However, the most reliable method of assessing the therapeutic benefits of any probiotic strain is the use of randomised, placebo-controlled trials, which are reviewed in this article [corrected].
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Isolation, identification and characterisation of three novel probiotic strains (Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036) from the faeces of exclusively breast-fed infants. Br J Nutr 2013; 109 Suppl 2:S51-62. [PMID: 23360881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterise novel strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria with probiotic properties from the faeces of exclusively breast-fed infants. Of the 4680 isolated colonies, 758 exhibited resistance to low pH and tolerance to high concentrations of bile salts; of these, only forty-two exhibited a strong ability to adhere to enterocytes in vitro. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, which permitted the grouping of the forty-two bacteria into three different strains that showed more than 99 % sequence identity with Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium breve, respectively. The strain identification was confirmed by sequencing the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions. Strains were assayed for enzymatic activity and carbohydrate utilisation, and they were deposited in the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) of the Institute Pasteur and named L. paracasei CNCM I-4034, B. breve CNCM I-4035 and L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. The strains were susceptible to antibiotics and did not produce undesirable metabolites, and their safety was assessed by acute ingestion in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse models. The three novel strains inhibited in vitro the meningitis aetiological agent Listeria monocytogenes and human rotavirus infections. B. breve CNCM I-4035 led to a higher IgA concentration in faeces and plasma of mice. Overall, these results suggest that L. paracasei CNCM I-4034, B. breve CNCM I-4035 and L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 should be considered as probiotic strains, and their human health benefits should be further evaluated.
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De Castro-Cislaghi FP, Silva CDRE, Fritzen-Freire CB, Lorenz JG, Sant’Anna ES. Bifidobacterium Bb-12 microencapsulated by spray drying with whey: Survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, tolerance to NaCl, and viability during storage. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vitali B, Minervini G, Rizzello CG, Spisni E, Maccaferri S, Brigidi P, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Novel probiotic candidates for humans isolated from raw fruits and vegetables. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:116-25. [PMID: 22475949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the probiotic potential of a large number of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from fruit and vegetables. Survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions showed that 35% of the strains, mainly belonging to the species Lactobacillus plantarum maintained high cell densities. Selected strains did not affect the immune-mediation by Caco-2 cells. All strains stimulated all 27 immune-mediators by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A significant (P<0.05; P<0.01) increase of the major part of cytokines and growth factors was found. A few chemokines were stimulated. Immune-mediators with pro-inflammatory activity (IL-17, EOTAXIN and IFNγ) were significantly (P<0.01) stimulated by all strains, followed by IL-1b>IP-10>IL-6>MIP1α. Stimulation of IL-12, IL-2 and IL-7 was strain dependent. Only a few strains increased the synthesis of cytokines with anti-inflammatory activity. Six L. plantarum strains were further selected. Four were defined as the strongly adhesive strains (more than 40 bacteria adhering to one Caco-2 cell), and 2 as the adhesive strains (5-40 bacteria adhering to one Caco-2 cell). Five strains grew and acidified chemically defined medium with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) as the only carbon source. End-products of FOS fermentation were found. All strains inhibited enterohemorragic Escherichia coli K12 and Bacillus megaterium F6 isolated from human sources. The results of this study showed that some autochthonous lactic acid bacteria from raw fruit and vegetables have functional features to be considered as novel probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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24
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Xie N, Zhou T, Li B. Kefir yeasts enhance probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus paracasei H9: The positive effects of coaggregation between the two strains. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A combined physiological and proteomic approach to reveal lactic-acid-induced alterations in Lactobacillus casei Zhang and its mutant with enhanced lactic acid tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:707-22. [PMID: 22159611 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei has traditionally been recognized as a probiotic and frequently used as an adjunct culture in fermented dairy products, where acid stress is an environmental condition commonly encountered. In the present study, we carried out a comparative physiological and proteomic study to investigate lactic-acid-induced alterations in Lactobacillus casei Zhang (WT) and its acid-resistant mutant. Analysis of the physiological data showed that the mutant exhibited 33.8% higher glucose phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system activity and lower glycolytic pH compared with the WT under acidic conditions. In addition, significant differences were detected in both cells during acid stress between intracellular physiological state, including intracellular pH, H(+)-ATPase activity, and intracellular ATP pool. Comparison of the proteomic data based on 2D-DIGE and i-TRAQ indicated that acid stress invoked a global change in both strains. The mutant protected the cells against acid damage by regulating the expression of key proteins involved in cellular metabolism, DNA replication, RNA synthesis, translation, and some chaperones. Proteome results were validated by Lactobacillus casei displaying higher intracellular aspartate and arginine levels, and the survival at pH 3.3 was improved 1.36- and 2.10-fold by the addition of 50-mM aspartate and arginine, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that aspartate may be involved in acid tolerance in Lactobacillus casei. Results presented here may help us understand acid resistance mechanisms and help formulate new strategies to enhance the industrial applications of this species.
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Oberg TS, Steele JL, Ingham SC, Smeianov VV, Briczinski EP, Abdalla A, Broadbent JR. Intrinsic and inducible resistance to hydrogen peroxide in Bifidobacterium species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1947-53. [PMID: 21626209 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in, and use of, bifidobacteria as a probiotic delivered in functional foods has increased dramatically in recent years. As a result of their anaerobic nature, oxidative stress can pose a major challenge to maintaining viability of bifidobacteria during functional food storage. To better understand the oxidative stress response in two industrially important bifidobacteria species, we examined the response of three strains of B. longum and three strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Each strain was exposed to a range of H₂O₂ concentrations (0-10 mM) to evaluate and compare intrinsic resistance to H₂O₂. Next, strains were tested for the presence of an inducible oxidative stress response by exposure to a sublethal H₂O₂ concentration for 20 or 60 min followed by challenge at a lethal H₂O₂ concentration. Results showed B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 had the highest level of intrinsic H₂O₂ resistance of all strains tested and B. animalis subsp. lactis BL-04 had the highest resistance among B. lactis strains. Inducible H₂O₂ resistance was detected in four strains, B. longum NCC2705, B. longum D2957, B. lactis RH-1, and B. lactis BL-04. Other strains showed either no difference or increased sensitivity to H₂O₂ after induction treatments. These data indicate that intrinsic and inducible resistance to hydrogen peroxide is strain specific in B. longum and B. lactis and suggest that for some strains, sublethal H₂O₂ treatments might help increase cell resistance to oxidative damage during production and storage of probiotic-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Oberg
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-8700, USA
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Protective effect of whey cheese matrix on probiotic strains exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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In vitro screening of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and prebiotic glucooligosaccharides to select effective synbiotics. Anaerobe 2010; 16:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Perturbation of bacterial microflora of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may play an important role in the pathophysiology of some GI disorders. Probiotics have been used as a treatment modality for over a century. They may restore normal bacterial microflora and effect the functioning of the GI tract by a variety of mechanisms. Probiotics are not currently regulated and only few randomized controlled trials exist investigating their efficacy in different GI disorders. They are available in a variety of formulations and delivery systems making interpretation and comparison of studies even more difficult. The efficacy of probiotics, either as a single strain or a combination of probiotics, has been tested in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile colitis, infectious diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome, among other disorders. Results of the studies are reviewed in this article and recommendations for probiotic use in these disorders are made. Although probiotics appear to be generally safe in an outpatient setting, the situation may be different in immunocompromised, hospitalized patients who may be at a greater risk of developing probiotic sepsis. No studies exist addressing the issue of safety specifically. Many questions regarding use of probiotics in GI disorders remain to be answered in future studies, such as most optimal doses, duration of treatment, physiological and immunological effects, efficacy of specific probiotics in specific disease states, and safety in debilitated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Lucak
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, PH 20, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Borza AD, Annan NT, Moreau DL, Allan-Wojtas PM, Ghanem A, Rousseau D, Paulson AT, Hansen LT. Microencapsulation in genipin cross-linked gelatine-maltodextrin improves survival ofBifidobacterium adolescentisduring exposure toin vitrogastrointestinal conditions. J Microencapsul 2009; 27:387-99. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040903367293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alp G, Aslim B. Relationship between the resistance to bile salts and low pH with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from infants feces and breast milk. Anaerobe 2009; 16:101-5. [PMID: 19576995 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible relation between resistance to bile salts and low pH with exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing of Bifidobacterium spp. In this study, a total of 31 Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated from breast fed infants feces and breast milk samples. As a result of the identification tests, isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium breve (15 strains), B. bifidum (11 strains), B. pseudocatenulatum (3 strains) and B. longum (2 strains). Bifidobacterium spp. were determined exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. EPS productions observed at chance rations (38.00-97.64 mg/l) among of Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium spp. were determined resistance to bile salts and low pH. Positive correlations between production of exopolysaccharide and resistance to bile salts (p<0.01) or low pH (p<0.01) were found Bifidobacterium spp. This investigation showed that high EPS production of Bifidobacteria may be important in the selection of probiotic strains for resistance to bile salts and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Alp
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
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Collado MC, Sanz Y. Induction of acid resistance in Bifidobacterium: a mechanism for improving desirable traits of potentially probiotic strains. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:1147-57. [PMID: 17897220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To generate stable acid-resistant Bifidobacterium strains isolated from human subjects and characterize the phenotypic changes of the acid-resistant derivatives. METHODS AND RESULTS The ability of 20 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from human faeces to survive to simulated gastrointestinal transit was evaluated, showing major reductions in viability (0.25-5.8 logarithmic units) because of gastric stress conditions. Six acid-sensitive strains belonging to the species Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were submitted to prolonged incubation at pH 2.0 to generate acid-resistant strains. The acid-sensitive and acid-resistant derivative strains were characterized to determine the changes associated with the acquisition of an acid-tolerant phenotype. The acid-resistant derivatives showed better ability to grow in the presence of bile salt (1-3%) and NaCl (6-10%) and higher resistance at elevated temperatures (60-70 degrees C, 10 min) than the parental strains. The acid-resistant derivatives displayed higher fermentative ability, and enzymatic activities. These strains also showed higher sensitivity to most of the tested antibiotics than the parental strains. CONCLUSIONS The stress tolerance of B. longum and B. catenulatum strains was improved by prolonged exposure to acid stress conditions. Some of the generated strains also seemed to have enhanced metabolic properties of relevance for probiotic applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The successful use of prolonged exposures to acid stress to improve the stability of human bifidobacteria indicates that this strategy could be useful for the production of robust probiotic strains, but involves other phenotypic changes that required an individual characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Collado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC) Valencia, Spain
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33
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Sanz Y. Ecological and functional implications of the acid-adaptation ability of Bifidobacterium: A way of selecting improved probiotic strains. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Collado MC, Sanz Y. Method for direct selection of potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium strains from human feces based on their acid-adaptation ability. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 66:560-3. [PMID: 16522337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for direct selection of acid-resistant Bifidobacterium strains was developed by prolonged exposure of human feces to homologous lethal stress conditions. The recovered strains were intrinsically resistant to acidic gastric conditions (pH 2.0) and also showed good tolerance to high concentrations of bile salts and NaCl. Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were, respectively, the infant- and adult-type bifidobacterial species showing the highest ability to develop an acid-tolerant phenotype. Therefore, this procedure could be applicable to the direct selection of Bifidobacterium strains with improved stability in adverse environments and, probably, contribute to expand the spectra of probiotic species of human origin currently marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Collado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), P.O. Box 73, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Alakomi HL, Mättö J, Virkajärvi I, Saarela M. Application of a microplate scale fluorochrome staining assay for the assessment of viability of probiotic preparations. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 62:25-35. [PMID: 15823392 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell viability in probiotic preparations is traditionally assessed by the plate count technique. Additionally, fluorescent staining combined with epifluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry has been developed for the viability assessment, but the currently available assays are either laborious or require highly sophisticated equipment. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of a microplate scale fluorochrome assay for predicting the cell state of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis preparations. In addition to viability assessment with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit, DiBAC(4)3 stain was used for the kinetic measurement of changes in bifidobacterial cell membrane functions during exposure to low pH. The microplate scale fluorochrome assay results on the viability and cell numbers of probiotic preparations correlated well with the results obtained with the culture-based technique and (with few exceptions) with epifluorescence microscopy. The assay was applicable also for the viability assessment of stressed (acid-treated) cells provided that the cell density in treatments was adjusted to the optimal measurement level of the fluorometer. The microplate scale fluorochrome assay offers a rapid and robust tool for the viability assessment of probiotic preparations, and enables also kinetic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Alakomi
- VTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1500, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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