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Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities. Parasitology 2023; 150:157-171. [PMID: 36341553 PMCID: PMC10090639 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three examples of metastriate hard ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) with apparent affinities to modern Australasian genera are described from the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma) Burmese amber of Myanmar. Two nymphs of Bothriocroton muelleri sp. nov. represent the oldest (and only) fossil record of this genus, living members of which are restricted to Australia and predominantly feed on monitor lizards, snakes and echidnas. A female of Archaeocroton kaufmani sp. nov. shares its basis capitulum shape with the tuatara tick Archaeocroton sphenodonti (Dumbleton, 1943), the only extant member of this genus and an endemic species for New Zealand. The presence of 2 Australasian genera in Burmese amber is consistent with a previous record of an Ixodes Latreille, 1795 tick from this deposit which resembles Australian members of this genus. They further support an emerging hypothesis that fauna of the amber forest, which may have been on an island at the time of deposition, was at least partly Gondwanan in origin. A revised evolutionary tree for Ixodida is presented compiling data from several new Burmese amber ticks described in the last few years.
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Okely M, Bakkes DK, Chitimia-Dobler L. Morphological abnormalities in Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Aswan, Egypt. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 88:225-241. [PMID: 36309608 PMCID: PMC9666321 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports anomalies in Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma rufipes adults collected from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Aswan, Egypt, between January and June 2022. A total of 52 adult ticks displayed one or several local and/or general anomalies. A wide variety of local anomalies was observed including atrophy of one or multiple legs, ectromely, absence of accessory adanal and subanal plates, fusion of adanal and accessory plates, and presence of sclerotized formation in the ventral plate, as well as abnormalities of the spiracle, anal groove, festoon, parma, and posteromedian groove. General anomalies comprised of asymmetries and gynandromorphism. Local anomalies were documented among H. dromedarii and H. rufipes, whereas general anomalies were documented only from H. dromedarii. The present work represents the first report of deuterogynander intrigue gynandromorphism in H. dromedarii, as well as the first report of morphological abnormalities in H. dromedarii and H. rufipes from Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Okely
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Deon K Bakkes
- Gertrud Theiler Tick Museum, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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Troyo A, González-Sequeira MP, Aguirre-Salazar M, Cambronero-Ortíz I, Chaves-González LE, Mejías-Alpízar MJ, Alvarado-Molina K, Calderón-Arguedas Ó, Rojas-Araya D. Acknowledging extraordinary women in the history of medical entomology. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:114. [PMID: 35361284 PMCID: PMC8969321 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, women have been actively involved in the advancement of science, while struggling to overcome challenges to participate and a lack of recognition. Prior to 1950, most women were not included in the lists of "classical" descriptions of the iconic scientific figures nor included in the most relevant historical accounts. Since the second half of the twentieth century, great efforts have been made to recognize the contributions of women to the advancement of science, especially since formal scientific careers have been dominated by men, with limited (or no) access to women. Despite these challenging social, political and cultural contexts, many women have succeeded in making significant advancements, and their contributions are now being acknowledged. Such efforts have led to the publication of recent reviews and compilations on outstanding women in biological sciences. The field of medical entomology is inherently interdisciplinary, focusing on insects and other arthropods that affect human health, with input primarily from the biological and medical sciences and a strong public health perspective. Several reviews and book chapters describing the history of medical entomology have been published over the decades, but few women are mentioned in these publications, even though many women have contributed to this field. Much of the information on these women is currently scattered throughout the published literature and historical records on a wide range of topics, including activism, virology, vector control and even acarology. Considering that there is no single available compilation of women contributors in the history of medical entomology, this review aims to provide a list of 22 women and their contributions to this field. The list includes women from diverse backgrounds, born in the late 1800s and before 1950, who directly impacted medical entomology in various ways and in different regions of the world. This compilation is far from exhaustive, but it aims to identify role models and examples of extraordinary women to motivate the evolving future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Troyo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - María Paula González-Sequeira
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Mónica Aguirre-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Ian Cambronero-Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Enrique Chaves-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - María José Mejías-Alpízar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Kendall Alvarado-Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Ólger Calderón-Arguedas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Diana Rojas-Araya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sección de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Laatamna A, Bakkes DK, Chitimia-Dobler L. Morphological anomalies in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.s. (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from dogs in steppe and high plateaus regions, Algeria. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:575-582. [PMID: 33661417 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present report describes morphological anomalies in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.s. collected from dogs between February 2017 and May 2019 in the steppic region of Djelfa and high plateau area of Bordj-Bou-Arreridj in Algeria. Out of 1043 ticks from 147 infested dogs, four adult ticks (0.38%), collected from four dogs, exhibited local morphological abnormalities. One male displayed ectromely of leg I left, and the other three specimens exhibited multiple associated anomalies in idiosomas and exoskeletons, festoons, stigmas (spiracles), as well as in adanal and accessory plates. This report provides additional exemplars of morphological abnormalities in tick populations of Africa, particularly North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, BP 3117, Moudjbara Road, Djelfa, Algeria.
| | - Deon K Bakkes
- Gertrud Theiler Tick Museum, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Shuaib YA, Isaa MH, Ezz-Eldin MIE, Abdalla MA, Bakhiet AO, Chitimia-Dobler L. Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from domestic animal species in Sudan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:161-169. [PMID: 32809185 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Morphological abnormalities in ticks have rarely been reported in nature. The existing knowledge about anomalies in ticks collected in Africa is very sparse. In this paper, we describe abnormalities in Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks collected from cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and horses in Kassala and North Kordofan states, Sudan, between January and August 2017. A number of 15 adult ticks displayed one or several local anomalies, such as ectromely, abnormalities of the ventral plates, and body deformities, besides newly described multiple cuticula scars. This study presents the first report of local anomalies in ticks belonging to three genera in Sudan and highlights the need to investigate the association between such morphological abnormalities and tick biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Adam Shuaib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Amel Omer Bakhiet
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan
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Chitimia-Dobler L, Bestehorn M, Bröker M, Borde J, Molcanyi T, Andersen NS, Pfeffer M, Dobler G. Morphological anomalies in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes inopinatus collected from tick-borne encephalitis natural foci in Central Europe. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:379-397. [PMID: 28755284 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, 0.02% nymphs displayed anomalies (ectromely) out of the 6744 collected ticks as part of a tick-borne encephalitis program in Germany. In 2016, questing Ixodes ricinus (n = 14,527) and Ixodes inopinatus (n = 75) ticks were collected by flagging as part of a tick-borne encephalitis program in Germany, Slovakia and Denmark. A total of 278 (1.9%) out of 14,602 nymph and adult ticks showed morphological anomalies. The anomalies were divided into general anomalies (body asymmetry) and local anomalies (anomalies of appendages, malformation of capitulum, exoskeleton anomalies and anal groove deformation) with nymphs being the most affected life stage. Most important, leg atrophy was the most common anomaly (209 nymphs, 11 females and three males) followed by asymmetry (10 nymphs, five females and a male) and ectromely (nine nymphs). Two females and one male displayed multiple anomalies on legs, palps and exoskeleton. Anal groove deformation was observed in three females and three nymphs. In 2016, the frequency of anomalies in I. inopinatus was found five times higher (9.3%) than in I. ricinus (1.9%). This is the first report of anomaly (ectromely, leg atrophy, idiosoma deformation) in flagged I. inopinatus and the first report of schizomely in I. ricinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Chitimia-Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Malena Bestehorn
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 35, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Bröker
- , Pappelweg 30, 35041, Marburg, Federal State Hesse, Germany
| | - Johannes Borde
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Praxis Dr. Borde, Am Markplatz 8, 77704, Oberkirch, Germany
| | - Tomas Molcanyi
- Surgeon General Office, Armed Forces of Slovak Republic, gen. M. Vesela 23, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Nanna Skaarup Andersen
- Clinical Center of Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Munich, Munich, Germany
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 35, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) feeding on humans in Central Black Sea region, Turkey. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kar S, Akyildiz G, Yilmazer N, Shaibi T, Gargili A, Vatansever Z. External morphological anomalies in ixodid ticks from Thrace, Turkey. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 67:457-466. [PMID: 26264155 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Of 18,667 ticks examined, 33 specimens from species identified as Haemaphysalis parva, Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. scupense, Rhipicephalus bursa and Rh. turanicus were found to have external morphological anomalies. Anomalous Ha. parva, Hy. scupence and Rh. turanicus were reported in this study for the first time. General anomalies manifested as asymmetry and deformations of the idiosoma, whereas local anomalies occurred in legs, exoskeleton, spiracular, adanal, subanal and accessory plates, mouthparts and capitulum. With this study describing a gynandromorphic Hy. marginatum, the number of gynandromorphic tick cases has been raised to two in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirri Kar
- Department of Biology, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Gurkan Akyildiz
- Department of Biology, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Nadim Yilmazer
- Department of Biology, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Aysen Gargili
- Faculty of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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Chen Z, Li YQ, Ren QY, Luo J, Hu Y, Li K, Liu GY, Luo JX, Liu J, Yin H. Morphological Characteristics of Normal and Gynandromorphic Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:361-4. [PMID: 26174833 PMCID: PMC4510673 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gynandromorphic ticks are extremely rare, and often attract parasitologists’ attention. During our examination of tick specimens, an engorged gynandromorph of Hyalomma asiaticum was noticed. This is the first record of gynandromorphic ticks from China. In this study, several important morphological structures of normal and gynandromorphic H. asiaticum were analyzed. Comparing to the normal H. asiaticum, the gynandromorphic specimen was a typical bipartite protogynander. Its right side showed normal female characteristics, whereas the left side had normal male traits. Different from other gynandromorphic ticks containing 1 anus, this tick reported here had 2 complete anuses, and the anus of the male part had a single adanal plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - You-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jian-Xun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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Dergousoff SJ, Chilton NB. Abnormal morphology of an adult Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 2007; 93:708-9. [PMID: 17626369 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1073r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During a collection of ticks from vegetation in March 2006, a single adult male Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles, 1908), was collected that exhibited unique morphological anomalies, including the absence of a leg on the right side of the body. Coxa IV on the right side also was missing in this specimen. Such teratological changes have not been reported previously for D. andersoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Dergousoff
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Buczek A. Experimental teratogeny in the tick Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): effect of high humidity on embryonic development. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2000; 37:807-814. [PMID: 11126534 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 90% RH on the embryonic development of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Koch was investigated at 25 degrees C. Under the influence of this factor, 2.1% dead eggs, 13.0% dead embryos, 6.9% abnormally hatched larvae, 0.2% larvae with malformations, and 77.8% normal larvae appeared. The embryos died during the cleavage of nuclei, the formation of the blastoderm, the formation of the germ band and its metamerization, and the differentiation of the leg anlagen. Egg hatch was also inhibited in various phases. Various kinds of anomalies were observed in larvae of Hyalomma m. marginatum. Most teratological changes (70.8%) occurred within the idiosoma. They were hetromorphose (32.6%), oligomely (15.4%), heterosymely (12.3%), symely (1.5%), atrophy (6.1%), and ectomely (3.1%). Anomalies within the gnathosoma occurred rarely (3.1%). As many as 26.2% larvae had composite anomalies (oligomely, heterosymely, atrophy) together. They contained various structures of the gnathosoma or idiosoma. These anomalies decreased the survival rate of the larvae. The investigations showed that during the formation of the blastoderm, the formation of the germ band and its metamerization the embryos have the largest susceptibility of being affected by high humidity. Some anomalies in specimens collected from nature may develop under influence of unfavorable humidity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buczek
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University in Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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