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Barnes AP, Sparks N, Helgesen IS, Soliman T. Financial impacts of a housing order on commercial free range egg layers in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza. Prev Vet Med 2024; 228:106209. [PMID: 38714017 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent annual outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) have led to mandatory housing orders on commercial free-range flocks. Indefinite periods of housing, after poultry have had access to range, could have production and financial consequences for free range egg producers. The impact of these housing orders on the performance of commercial flocks is seldom explored at a business level, predominantly due to the paucity of commercially sensitive data. The aim of this paper is to assess the financial and production impacts of a housing order on commercial free-range egg layers. We use a unique data set showing week by week performance of layers gathered from 9 UK based farms over the period 2020-2022. These data cover an average of 100,000 laying hens and include two imposed housing orders, in 2020/2021 and in 2021/22. We applied a random intercept linear regression to assess impacts on physical outputs and inputs, bird mortality and the impacts on revenue, feed costs and margin over feed cost. Feed use and feed costs per bird increased during the housing order which is a consequence of increased control over diet intake in housed compared to ranged birds. An increase in revenue was also found, ostensibly due to a higher proportion of large eggs produced, leading to a higher margin over feed cost. Overall, these large commercial poultry sheds were able to mitigate some of the potential adverse economic effects of housing orders. Potential negative impacts may occur dependant on the duration of the housing order and those farms with less control over their input costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Barnes
- Department of Rural Economy, Environment and Society, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Nick Sparks
- Department of Rural Economy, Environment and Society, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Irmelin S Helgesen
- Department of Economics, NTNU, Postboks 8900, Trondheim, Torgarden 7491, Norway
| | - Tarek Soliman
- Department of Rural Economy, Environment and Society, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, UK
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2
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Wang SZ, Wang MD, Wang JY, Yuan M, Li YD, Luo PT, Xiao F, Li H. Genome-wide association study of growth curve parameters reveals novel genomic regions and candidate genes associated with metatarsal bone traits in chickens. Animal 2024; 18:101129. [PMID: 38574453 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of chicken bones have an enormous impact on the health and production performance of chickens. However, the development pattern and genetic regulation of the chicken skeleton are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate metatarsal bone growth and development patterns in chickens via non-linear models, and to identify the genetic determinants of metatarsal bone traits using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on growth curve parameters. Data on metatarsal length (MeL) and metatarsal circumference (MeC) were obtained from 471 F2 chickens (generated by crossing broiler sires, derived from a line selected for high abdominal fat, with Baier layer dams) at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age. Four non-linear models (Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Brody) were used to fit the MeL and MeC growth curves. Subsequently, the estimated growth curve parameters of the mature MeL or MeC (A), time-scale parameter (b), and maturity rate (K) from the non-linear models were utilized as substitutes for the original bone data in GWAS. The Logistic and Brody models displayed the best goodness-of-fit for MeL and MeC, respectively. Single-trait and multi-trait GWASs based on the growth curve parameters of the Logistic and Brody models revealed 4 618 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), annotated to 332 genes, associated with metatarsal bone traits. The majority of these significant SNPs were located on Gallus gallus chromosome (GGA) 1 (167.433-176.318 Mb), GGA2 (96.791-103.543 Mb), GGA4 (65.003-83.104 Mb) and GGA6 (64.685-95.285 Mb). Notably, we identified 12 novel GWAS loci associated with chicken metatarsal bone traits, encompassing 35 candidate genes. In summary, the combination of single-trait and multi-trait GWASs based on growth curve parameters uncovered numerous genomic regions and candidate genes associated with chicken bone traits. The findings benefit an in-depth understanding of the genetic architecture underlying metatarsal growth and development in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - M D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - M Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y D Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - P T Luo
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd, Guangze, Fujian Province 354100, PR China
| | - F Xiao
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd, Guangze, Fujian Province 354100, PR China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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3
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Karal S, Korkmaz Turgud F, Narinç D, Aygun A. The Behavioral and Productive Characteristics of Japanese Quails ( Coturnix japonica) Exposed to Different Monochromatic Lighting. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:482. [PMID: 38338127 PMCID: PMC10854828 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of monochromatic illuminations at wavelengths of white (400-700 nm), green (560 nm), yellow (580 nm), blue (480 nm), and red (660 nm) on the performance and behavioral traits of Japanese quails throughout their fattening period. A total of 300 quails in five lighting experimental groups were housed in their conventional rearing cages. Weekly live weights of quails were measured individually, developmental stability was determined, and behavior and fear tests were performed. The body weight averages of quails exposed to blue, green, and yellow light were determined to be greater than those exposed to white and red light (p < 0.05). In terms of the mature weight parameter and the weight of the inflection point of the Gompertz growth model, the averages of the quails exposed to green and blue monochromatic lighting were higher (p < 0.05). The most negative findings on aggressive behavior were observed in birds exposed to monochromatic yellow and red light. Although the body weight of quails exposed to yellow monochromatic lighting was similar to that of quails exposed to green and blue monochromatic lighting, green and blue monochromatic lighting produced the best results in terms of growth, behavior, and developmental stability characteristics. Consequently, it is believed that consistently using green or blue monochromatic lighting programs when raising Japanese quails may provide economic advantages to the producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Karal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (S.K.); (F.K.T.)
| | - Firdevs Korkmaz Turgud
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (S.K.); (F.K.T.)
| | - Doğan Narinç
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey; (S.K.); (F.K.T.)
| | - Ali Aygun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
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Leishman EM, You J, Ferreira NT, Adams SM, Tulpan D, Zuidhof MJ, Gous RM, Jacobs M, Ellis JL. Review: When worlds collide - poultry modeling in the 'Big Data' era. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 5:100874. [PMID: 37394324 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within poultry production systems, models have provided vital decision support, opportunity analysis, and performance optimization capabilities to nutritionists and producers for decades. In recent years, due to the advancement of digital and sensor technologies, 'Big Data' streams have emerged, optimally positioned to be analyzed by machine-learning (ML) modeling approaches, with strengths in forecasting and prediction. This review explores the evolution of empirical and mechanistic models in poultry production systems, and how these models may interact with new digital tools and technologies. This review will also examine the emergence of ML and Big Data in the poultry production sector, and the emergence of precision feeding and automation of poultry production systems. There are several promising directions for the field, including: (1) application of Big Data analytics (e.g., sensor-based technologies, precision feeding systems) and ML methodologies (e.g., unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms) to feed more precisely to production targets given a 'known' individual animal, and (2) combination and hybridization of data-driven and mechanistic modeling approaches to bridge decision support with improved forecasting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Leishman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J You
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - N T Ferreira
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Puslinch, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Adams
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Tulpan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R M Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - M Jacobs
- FR Analytics B.V., 7642 AP Wierden, The Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Güler S, Çam M, Atik A. Determination of the effect of the dam age, birth type, and sex on growth curve traits of hair goat kids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:371. [PMID: 37870635 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the best-fit growth curve and dam age, sex, and birth type effect on growth curve traits of hair goat kids. Monthly 3858 test day body weight (BW) records of 643 hair goat kids from birth to 150 days of age were used to determine the best-fit growth curve and estimate growth curve parameters with Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models. The BW records were assigned to three groups: dam age (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years), sex (female, male), and birth type (single, twin). The Gompertz model gave more consistent results than the Von Bertalanffy model according to the goodness of fit criteria. Dam age had no significant effect on any of the growth curve traits. Sex of kids showed a significant effect on maturity index (parameter K) (P < 0.001), estimated mature body weight (parameter A), and weight at point of inflection (IPW) (P < 0.01). Also, birth type had a significant effect on initial/birth weight (parameter B) and parameter K (P < 0.001). Age at point of inflection (IPT) was not affected by any of the factors. Twin kids had a higher maturity index than singles while females higher than males. In conclusion, the Gompertz model was the most suitable model for hair goat kids for selection strategies. For proper selection, the effect of sex and birth type on growth curve traits should be considered by hair goat breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Güler
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye.
| | - Mustafa Çam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ali Atik
- Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Türkiye
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Küçüktopçu E, Cemek B, Simsek H. Application of Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System in Poultry Weight Estimation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2471. [PMID: 37570279 PMCID: PMC10417342 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional manual weighing systems for birds on poultry farms are time-consuming and may compromise animal welfare. Although automatic weighing systems have been introduced as an alternative, they face limitations in accurately estimating the weight of heavy birds. Therefore, exploring alternative methods that offer improved efficiency and precision is necessary. One promising solution lies in the application of AI, which has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of poultry production and management, making it an indispensable tool for the modern poultry industry. This study aimed to develop an AI approach based on the FL model as a viable solution for estimating poultry weight. By incorporating expert knowledge and considering key input variables such as indoor temperature, indoor humidity, and feed consumption, FL-based models were developed with different configurations using Mamdani inferences and evaluated across eight different rearing periods in Samsun, Türkiye. This study's results demonstrated the effectiveness of FL-based models in estimating poultry weight. The models achieved varying average absolute error values across different age groups of broilers, ranging from 0.02% to 5.81%. These findings suggest that FL-based methods hold promise for accurate and efficient poultry weight estimation. This study opens up avenues for further research in the field, encouraging the exploration of FL-based approaches for improved poultry weight estimation in poultry farming operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Küçüktopçu
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye;
| | - Bilal Cemek
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye;
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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7
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Quintana-Ospina GA, Alfaro-Wisaquillo MC, Oviedo-Rondon EO, Ruiz-Ramirez JR, Bernal-Arango LC, Martinez-Bernal GD. Data Analytics of Broiler Growth Dynamics and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broilers Raised to 35 d under Commercial Tropical Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2447. [PMID: 37570256 PMCID: PMC10416863 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Data collection is standard in commercial broiler production; however, growth modeling is still a challenge since this data often lacks an inflection point. This study evaluated body weight (BW) dynamics, feed intake, BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality of broiler flocks reared under commercial tropical conditions with controlled feeding to optimize FCR. The data analyzed included performance records of 1347 male and 1353 female Ross 308 AP broiler flocks with a total of 95.4 million chickens housed from 2018 to 2020. Decision trees determined high- and low-feed-efficiency groups using FCR at 35 d. Logistic, Gompertz-Laird, and von Bertalanffy growth models were fitted with weekly BW data for each flock within performance groups. The logistic model indicated more accurate estimates with biological meaning. The high-efficiency males and females (p < 0.001) were offered less feed than the low-efficiency group and were consistently more efficient. In conclusion, greater feeding control between the second and the fourth week of age, followed by higher feed allowance during the last week, was associated with better feed efficiency at 35 d in males and females. Additionally, models demonstrated that a reduced growth rate resulted in heavier chickens at 35 d with better feed efficiency and greater BW gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Quintana-Ospina
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA; (G.A.Q.-O.); (M.C.A.-W.)
- Grupo BIOS Inc., Envigado 055420, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.R.R.-R.); (L.C.B.-A.); (G.D.M.-B.)
| | - Maria C. Alfaro-Wisaquillo
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA; (G.A.Q.-O.); (M.C.A.-W.)
| | - Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA; (G.A.Q.-O.); (M.C.A.-W.)
| | - Juan R. Ruiz-Ramirez
- Grupo BIOS Inc., Envigado 055420, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.R.R.-R.); (L.C.B.-A.); (G.D.M.-B.)
| | - Luis C. Bernal-Arango
- Grupo BIOS Inc., Envigado 055420, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.R.R.-R.); (L.C.B.-A.); (G.D.M.-B.)
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Karakelle H, Özçalişan G, Şahin F, Narinç D. The effects of exposure to cold during incubation on developmental stability, fear, growth, and carcass traits in Japanese quails. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02497-1. [PMID: 37225917 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 6 h/day cold (35.0 °C) acclimatization between the 9th and 15th days of incubation of Japanese quail embryos on hatchability, livability, chick quality, developmental stability, fear response, live weight, and slaughter-carcass characteristics. Two homologous incubators and a total of 500 hatching eggs were used in the study. Randomly selected half of the eggs were exposed to cold according to the eggshell temperature. The cold acclimation of Japanese quail embryos had no adverse effects on all mentioned traits, except for chick quality. Chicks in the control group had higher Tona scores (99.46) than those exposed to cold (99.00) (P < 0.05). In addition, there were differences among the treatment groups in terms of the parameters of mature weight (β0), instantaneous growth rate (β2), and inflection point coordinates of the Gompertz growth model (P < 0.05 for all). It was found that exposing embryos to cold during the incubation changed the shape of the growth curve. As the development of embryos exposed to cold slows down, a compensatory growth occurs in the early posthatch period. Thus, the growth rate increased in the period before the inflection point of the growth curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Karakelle
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Özçalişan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şahin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Doğan Narinç
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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Mancinelli AC, Menchetti L, Birolo M, Bittante G, Chiattelli D, Castellini C. Crossbreeding to improve local chicken breeds: predicting growth performance of the crosses using the Gompertz model and estimated heterosis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102783. [PMID: 37269793 PMCID: PMC10242636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to validate the Gompertz model to predict the growth performance of chicken crosses according to growth curve parameters of the parental lines and the estimated heterosis for each curve parameter. A total of 252 one-day-old chicks of both sexes belonging to 6 genotypes, including Ross 308, Sassò (SA), Bionda Piemontese (BP), and Robusta Maculata (RM), and the crosses between these local breeds and SA (BP × SA and RM × SA) were randomly allocated in 18 pens (3 pens/genotype) in mixed-sex groups (14 animals/pen; 7 females and 7 males). The individual body weight (BW) of all birds was recorded once a week from hatching until slaughtering (81 d for Ross 308; 112 d for SA, 140 d for the other genotypes). We drew up our final dataset with 240 birds (40 birds/genotype; 20 females and 20 males). The growth curve of each genotype was described using the Gompertz model, and the heterosis for each growth curve parameter was calculated as the difference between F1 crosses and the average of parental breeds. The predicted growth curve parameters were evaluated by cross-validation. The Gompertz model accurately estimated the growth curves of all the genotypes (R2 > 0.90). Heterosis was significant for almost all growth curve parameters in both crosses (P < 0.05). Heterosis ranged from -13.0 to +11.5%, depending on parameters, but varied slightly between the crossbreeds (BP × SA and RM × SA). The predicted values of adult BW, weight at the inflection point, and maximum growth rate were overestimated for BP × SA and underestimated for RM × SA, with a mean error between observed and predicted values <│2.7│% for all the curve parameters. In conclusion, the growth performance of chicken crosses between local breeds and commercial strains can be accurately predicted with Gompertz parameters of the parental lines adjusting for heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Neysi S, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Rafeie F, Dolatabady MM, Elahi Torshizi M, Zakizadeh S, Smith J. Estimation of genetic parameters for production, reproduction, and growth curve of Fars indigenous chicken. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13808. [PMID: 36653884 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Iranian native chicken, including Fars indigenous chicken, is an important genetic resource due to its adaptation to stressful environmental conditions, good endurance and resistance to disease. The aim of this research was to determine the genetic infrastructure of Fars indigenous chicken using several nonlinear functions. The dataset included body weight at hatch (BW1), body weight at the 8th week (BW8), body weight at the 12th week (BW12), weight at sexual maturity (WSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), number of eggs in the first 12 weeks of laying period (EN), egg weight at the first day of laying (EW1), average egg weight at the 28thday of laying (EW28), and average egg weight at weeks 28, 30, and 32 of the laying period (AEW). Growth models were fitted using the NLIN procedure and WOMBAT software was used to predict variance components for the best fit model parameters. Results suggested three-parameter models, for example, Gompertz, fitted better to the data than others. The maturity weight (A), initial weight (B), and maturity rate (K) parameters in the Gompertz model were 1996.8 ± 6.63, 4.11 ± 0.03, and 0.021 ± 0.0001, respectively. The heritability of A, B, and K parameters were 0.03, 0.05, and 0.12, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Neysi
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | | | - Farjad Rafeie
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Elahi Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sonia Zakizadeh
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRII), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh-Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, UK
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Carvalho AA, Rocha AO, Carvalho DA, Silva LAS, Almeida MJO, Sarmento JLR. The Growth Pattern of Brazilian Canela-Preta Chickens with Different Plumages Reared in Two Rearing Systems. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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12
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Croll JC, van Kooten T. Accounting for temporal and individual variation in the estimation of Von Bertalanffy growth curves. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9619. [PMID: 36568868 PMCID: PMC9771669 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and growth limitation are important indicators of density dependence and environmental limitation of populations. Estimating individual growth trajectories is therefore an important aspect of understanding and predicting the life history and dynamics of a population. Variation in individual growth trajectories arises due to variation in the environmental factors limiting individual growth. This environmental limitation can vary over time, between cohorts and between individuals within a cohort. For a complete and accurate understanding of individual growth in a population, it is important to include all these sources of variation. So far, statistical models only accounted for a subset of these factors or required an extensive growth history of individuals. Here, we present a novel model describing the growth curves of cohorts in a population. This model is derived from a stochastic form of the Von Bertalanffy growth equation describing individual growth. The model is specifically tailored for use on length-at-age data in which the growth trajectory of an individual is unknown and every individual is only measured once. The presented method can also be used if growth limitation differs strongly between age or length classes. We demonstrate the use of the model for length-at-age data of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the last 30 years. Fitting this model to length-at-age data can provide new insights in the dynamics of the environmental factors limiting individual growth and provides a useful tool for ecological research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Cornelis Croll
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tobias van Kooten
- Wageningen Marine ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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13
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The effect of monochromatic, combined, and mixed light-emitting diode light regimes on growth traits, fear responses, and slaughter-carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:277. [PMID: 36070006 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of blue and green monochromatic, blue-green combination, and blue-green mixed led lighting systems on growth, fear, and carcass characteristics of broilers reared in an extensive indoor system. Experimental groups were formed as follows; 1-conventional (incandescent), 2-blue, 3-green, 4-blue-green combined (blue for the first 10 days, then green), 5-green-blue combined (green for the first 10 days, then blue), and 6-blue-green intermittent (alternating every 5 min) monochromatic lightings. It was detected that the average values of the body weight of chickens at 42 and 56 days of age in the green-blue group were higher than those of the other treatment groups (both P < 0.05). It was determined that the broilers in the green and green-blue groups had higher means of the β0 parameter of Gompertz model. The tonic immobility, emergence test, home cage avoidance test, a looming human test, and box plus experimenter test were applied to determine the fear responses. It was determined that the worst results for fear responses of broilers were in the intermittent lighting group and green-blue combined group. As a result, it was determined that the application of green monochromatic lighting in the first 10 days of the fattening period and blue monochromatic lighting in the following period positively affected growth and slaughter-carcass characteristics. However, it was found that broilers reared under green-blue combined lighting had high fear levels.
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14
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Liu C, Yang J, Liu S, Geng W, Wei S, Wang WC, Yang L, Zhu Y. The pattern of body growth and intestinal development of female Chinese native geese from 1 to 10 weeks of age. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2088541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Guangdong Guang Ken Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Geng
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Wei
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Ce Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Zárate-Contreras D, González-Cerón F, Cuca-García JM, Pro-Martínez A, Ramírez-Valverde G, Aggrey SE, Hernández-Mendo O, Gallegos-Sánchez J, Sosa-Montes E. Mexican Creole chickens: effect of data collection periods on goodness-of-fit and parameter precision of growth models. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101903. [PMID: 35580374 PMCID: PMC9117925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the good-of-fitness and precision of parameters of the Gompertz-Laird, Logistic, Richards, and Von Bertalanffy growth models, using different data collection periods (DCP). Two hundred and sixty-two Mexican Creole chicks (116 females and 146 males), were individually weighed to form the following sets of data for each sex: DCP1 (weights recorded weekly from hatching to 63 d, and every 2 wk, from 63 to 133 d of age), DCP2 (weights recorded weekly from hatching to 133 d of age), DCP3 (weights recorded every third day, from hatching to 63 d, and every 14 d, from 63 to 133 d of age), and DCP4 (weights recorded every third day, from hatching to 63 d, and weekly, from 63 to 133 d of age). Data were analyzed using the NLIN procedure of SAS (Marquardt algorithm). For all growth models, the width of confidence interval (CI) of each parameter, was estimated (α = 0.05). The adjusted coefficient of determination (AR2), as well as the Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) were used to select the best model. The higher the AR2, and the lower the width of CI, as well as the AIC and BIC values, the better the model. The Gompertz-Laird model, more frequently showed the highest AR2, and the lowest AIC and BIC values compared to the other models. Moreover, for all models, both sexes and all parameters, most confidence interval widths (all with the Gompertz-Laird model) were the lowest with DCP3 when compared to the other sets of data. In conclusion, the Gompertz-Laird model was the best provided that the chickens are weighed every third day from hatching until 63 d of age, and every 2 wk thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando González-Cerón
- Department of Animal Science, Chapingo Autonomous University, Texcoco, State of Mexico CP 56230, Mexico
| | - Juan M Cuca-García
- College of Postgraduates Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico CP 56230, Mexico
| | - Arturo Pro-Martínez
- College of Postgraduates Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico CP 56230, Mexico.
| | | | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Poultry Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Omar Hernández-Mendo
- College of Postgraduates Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico CP 56230, Mexico
| | | | - Eliseo Sosa-Montes
- Department of Animal Science, Chapingo Autonomous University, Texcoco, State of Mexico CP 56230, Mexico
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16
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Cherif I, Arbouche R, Arbouche Y, Mennani A, Arbouche F. Dehydrated husks and cake of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) processing for broiler feed: Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Vet World 2022; 15:551-557. [PMID: 35497946 PMCID: PMC9047148 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.551-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The potential solution is to use agro-industrial by-products as an unconventional source of raw materials for broiler feed. This study aims to determine the effects of substituting prickly pear (FB; Opuntia ficus-indica) husks for corn and FB seed cake for soybean meal on the production performance, slaughter characteristics, and chemical composition of broiler meat. Materials and Methods: Two hundred day-old chicks of equal sex ratio (1:1) of Big Fast strain, weighing on average 37±2g, were randomly divided into four homogeneous groups of 50 subjects each. Each group was subdivided into 10 packs of five animals, which were banded and numbered. Rations with substitution rates of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of corn and soybean meal by dehydrated husks and FB cake were randomly distributed among the groups. Results: Average daily gains and body weights on 48 days were improved (p<0.05) in 10% and 20% groups, while the 30% group performed identically to the control. Cold carcass yield was optimal in 10% and 20% groups. The liver weight of the experimental groups decreased significantly (p<0.05), while their gizzard weight increased significantly (+24 points). The meat protein rate evolved proportionally to the substitution rate, whereas the fat rate depreciated by up to −1.08 points for the 30% group compared to the control. Conclusion: Incorporating FB processing by-products into broiler feed at rates of 10% and 20% improves zootechnical performance, carcass yields, and the chemical composition of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Cherif
- Department of Agronomy Science, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf 36000 Algeria
| | - Rafik Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaïa 47000 Algeria
| | - Yasmine Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Sétif 1, El Bez, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Achour Mennani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Sétif 1, El Bez, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Fodil Arbouche
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaïa 47000 Algeria
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17
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Influences of Dietary Supplementation with Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on Performance, Parameters of Growth Curve and Carcass Characteristics in Japanese Quail. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030318. [PMID: 35158642 PMCID: PMC8833503 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is known that the bioactive compounds (N-benzyl-palmitamide, benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates and phenolics) in the maca plant are appetizing, as well as having antioxidant effects and improving reproductive ability. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding maca plant powder to the ration at different levels on growth, slaughter carcass, partial egg production and some reproductive characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Addition of maca powder to the diet increased the feed consumption but did not affect growth, slaughter carcass, partial egg production or fertility. In addition, maca powder reduced embryonic deaths and improved chick quality. According to these results, the positive effects of short-term application of maca powder are not observed during the fattening period in Japanese quails. Abstract Maca plant contains rich nutrients and in addition, it has various bioactive substances (N-benzyl-palmitamide, benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates and phenolics). It is used to improve reproductive properties and has antioxidant effects for both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding maca plant powder to the ration at different levels on growth, slaughter carcass, partial egg production and some reproductive characteristics in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experimental groups were formed by adding 0% (control), 0.05% and 0.1% maca powder to the diet, and a total of 300 birds were used. Growth (weekly body weights, parameters of Gompertz growth function), feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of quails in the 42-day fattening trial were determined. Reproductive characteristics were measured up to 22 weeks of age. Addition of maca powder to the diet increased the feed consumption (p < 0.05) but did not affect body weights at 35 and 42 days of age, β0 and β1 parameters or point of inflection weight of the Gompertz model, carcass traits, partial egg production or fertility. It may be advisable to add 0.1% maca powder to the diets of breeders. Besides, maca powder reduced embryonic deaths and improved chick quality (both p < 0.05). It is thought that different results for reproductive traits can be obtained if maca powder is used for a longer period in the diets of breeder quail flocks.
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18
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Hagan BA, Asumah C, Yeboah ED, Lamptey VK. Modeling the growth of four commercial broiler genotypes reared in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:75. [PMID: 35075544 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic improvement in commercial broilers worldwide is heavily focused on selection for higher final body weight at a given age. Although commercial broilers are mostly sold by their final body weight, it is important to carefully consider how this weight is attained and at what cost. The cost of feeding broilers, which constitutes about 70% of the total cost of broiler production, varies considerably at different stages of the bird. Careful consideration of the growth curve of broilers and the parameters of the growth curve is critical to optimize profitability of commercial broiler production. The objective of this study was to model the variations of the growth curves of 4 commercial broiler genotypes reared in Ghana using the Gompertz and polynomial growth functions. Data on body weights at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days for 4 unsexed commercial broiler genotypes were used to model both the Gompertz and polynomial growth functions. The 4 genotypes ranked differently for Gompertz predicted early (1-28 days), late growth (28-42 days), and body weight at 42 days. Gompertz function predicted growth better for broiler chicken than the polynomial as the parameters of the Gompertz function are biologically meaningful and heritable. Selection of broiler genotypes for production based on their growth curve (slower early growth and faster late growth) could minimize cost of production and thereby increase the profitability of commercial broiler production in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Ato Hagan
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Energy and Natural Resources, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | - Christian Asumah
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Energy and Natural Resources, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Ernest Darkwah Yeboah
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Energy and Natural Resources, P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
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19
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen CX, Luu MQ, Nguyen AT, Bui DH, Pham DK, Do DN. Mathematical models to describe the growth curves of Vietnamese Ri chicken. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249756. [PMID: 34755795 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ri chicken is the most popular backyard chicken breed in Vietnam, but little is known about the growth curve of this breed. This study compared the performances of models with three parameters (Gompertz, Brody, and Logistic) and models containing four parameters (Richards, Bridges, and Janoschek) for describing the growth of Ri chicken. The bodyweight of Ri chicken was recorded weekly from week 1 to week 19. Growth models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the models having four parameters showed better performance than the ones with three parameters, and the Richards model was the best one for males and females. The lowest and highest value of asymmetric weights (α) were obtained by Bridges and Brody models for each of sexes, respectively. Age and weight estimated by the Richard model were 8.46 and 7.51 weeks and 696.88 and 487.58 g for males and for females, respectively. Differences in the growth curves were observed between males and female chicken. Overall, the results suggested using the Richards model for describing the growth curve of Ri chickens. Further studies on the genetics and genomics of the obtained growth parameters are required before using them for the genetic improvement of Ri chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C X Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Q Luu
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A T Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D H Bui
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D K Pham
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D N Do
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
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20
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González Ariza A, Arando Arbulu A, Navas González FJ, Nogales Baena S, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. The Study of Growth and Performance in Local Chicken Breeds and Varieties: A Review of Methods and Scientific Transference. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2492. [PMID: 34573456 PMCID: PMC8466095 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the scientific advances in the study of the growth and performance in native chicken breeds and varieties over the past 20 years was performed. Understanding the growth patterns of native breeds can only be achieved if the constraints characterizing these populations are considered and treated accordingly. Contextually, the determination of researchers to use the same research methods and study designs applied in international commercial poultry populations conditions the accuracy of the model, variability capturing ability, and the observational or predictive performance when the data of the local population are fitted. Highly skewed sex ratios favouring females, an inappropriate census imbalance compensation and a lack of population structure render models that are regularly deemed effective as invalid to issue solid and sound conclusions. The wider the breed diversity is in a country, the higher the scientific attention paid to these populations. A detailed discussion of the most appropriate models and underlying reasons for their suitability and the reasons preventing the use of others in these populations is provided. Furthermore, the factors conditioning the scientific reception and impact of related publications used to transfer these results to the broad scientific public were evaluated to serve as guidance for the maximization of the success and dissemination of local breed information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.N.B.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.N.B.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Animal Breeding Consulting, S.L., University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.N.B.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Sergio Nogales Baena
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.N.B.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.N.B.); (J.V.D.B.)
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21
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Nguyen Hoang T, Do HTT, Bui DH, Pham DK, Hoang TA, Do DN. Evaluation of non-linear growth curve models in the Vietnamese indigenous Mia chicken. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13483. [PMID: 33462943 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of animal growth is important for the improvement of management and feeding practices; however, little is known about the growth curve in Vietnamese indigenous chicken. This study was performed to determine the most appropriate models for describing the growth curve of Vietnamese Mia chicken. The study evaluated the performances of the Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, and Bridges models of body weights in 224 Mia chickens. Models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike's information criterion and Bayesian information criterion were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the Gompertz and Bridges were the best models for males and females, respectively. Estimated asymmetric weights (α) were ranged from 2,241.91 ± 14.74 (g) (Logistic) to 2,623.86 ± 30.23 (g) (Gompertz) for males and from 1,537.36 ± 10.97 (g) (Logistic) and 1,958.36 ± 72.92 (g) (Bridges) for females, respectively. The age at the inflection point was estimated from 9.32 to 10.5 weeks and from 8.51 to 9.86 weeks for males and females, respectively. In conclusion, the Gompertz model is the most suitable model for describing the growth curve of Mia chicken. The parameters obtained from growth models could help define feeding programs to meet nutritional needs from hatching to the age of maximum growth, reproduction programs, and marketing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Nguyen Hoang
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong T T Do
- Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Bac Giang, Vietnam
| | - Doan H Bui
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang K Pham
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan A Hoang
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy N Do
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam.,Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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22
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Akinsola OM, Sonaiya EB, Bamidele O, Hassan WA, Yakubu A, Ajayi FO, Ogundu U, Alabi OO, Adebambo OA. Comparison of five mathematical models that describe growth in tropically adapted dual-purpose breeds of chicken. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1915792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya
- African Chicken Genetic Gains Project National Secretariat, Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oladeji Bamidele
- African Chicken Genetic Gains Project National Secretariat, Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdulmojeed Yakubu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus Lafia, Keffi, Nigeria
| | | | - Uduak Ogundu
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
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23
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Seifi Moroudi R, Ansari Mahyari S, Vaez Torshizi R, Lanjanian H, Masoudi-Nejad A. Identification of new genes and quantitative trait locis associated with growth curve parameters in F2 chicken population using genome-wide association study. Anim Genet 2021; 52:171-184. [PMID: 33428266 DOI: 10.1111/age.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The markers which are correlated with the growth curve parameters help in understanding the characteristics of individual growth during the rearing of livestock. This study aimed to identify a set of biomarkers through a GWAS for growth curve parameters in crossbred chickens using the Illumnia 60K chicken SNP Beadchip. Growth data were collected from a total of 301 birds from cross of a broiler line and native chickens. Using the Gompertz-Laird model, two growth curve parameters, the instantaneous growth rate per day (L) and the coefficient of relative growth or maturing index (k), were estimated. The L and k were used to estimate five derived parameters, namely asymptotic (mature) body weight, body weight at inflection point, age at the inflection point, average growth rate and maximum growth rate. These parameters were considered as phenotypic values in the GWAS based on generalized linear models. The results of the GWAS indicated 21 significant markers, which were located near or within 46 genes. A number of these genes, such as GH, RET, GRB14, FTSJ3 and CCK, are important for growth and meat quality in chickens, and some of them are growth related in other species such as sheep and cattle (GPI, XIRP2, GALNTL6, BMS1, THSD4, TRHDE, SHISA9, ACSL6 and DYNC1LI2). The other genes are associated with developmental biological pathways. These genes are particuarly related to body weight, average daily gain and growth QTL. The results of this study can shed light on the genetic mechanism of biological functions of growth factors in broiler chickens, which is useful for developing management practices and accelerating genetic progress in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seifi Moroudi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 841583111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Ansari Mahyari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 841583111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | - H Lanjanian
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - A Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
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24
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González Ariza A, Nogales Baena S, Lupi TM, Arando Arbulu A, Navas González FJ, León Jurado JM, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Characterisation of biological growth curves of different varieties of an endangered native hen breed kept under free range conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1915190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González Ariza
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Nogales Baena
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Marta Lupi
- Agrarian Higher School of Castelo Branco, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Trainnig (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Arando A, González-Ariza A, Lupi TM, Nogales S, León JM, Navas-González FJ, Delgado JV, Camacho ME. Comparison of non-linear models to describe the growth in the Andalusian turkey breed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1950054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Arando
- Animal Breeding Consulting S.L., Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - T. M. Lupi
- Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - S. Nogales
- Departamento de Genética, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. M. León
- Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F. J. Navas-González
- Departamento de Genética, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. V. Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. E. Camacho
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain
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van der Klein SAS, Kwakkel RP, Ducro BJ, Zuidhof MJ. Multiphasic nonlinear mixed growth models for laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5615-5624. [PMID: 33142479 PMCID: PMC7647911 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate evaluation of BW and gain during rearing is required for optimal extended laying performance in laying hens. The objective of this study was to compare monophasic, diphasic, and triphasic Gompertz and logistic models describing BW and gain in individually fed free-run laying hens and to study the variation between individuals in shape parameters. Fifteen Lohmann Brown Lite hens were fed ad libitum from week 0 to 43 with a precision feeding system, measuring feed intake and BW individually in a group housed setting. Random variables related to mature weight and timing of maximum gain during the pubertal growth phase were introduced into the multiphasic model for BW with the best fit. For both the weight-age and gain-age functions, the diphasic and triphasic Gompertz and logistic model models fitted the data better than the monophasic models. The Gompertz model was able to identify the ages at the highest gain at similar time points for both BW and gain, whereas the logistic models failed to do so. The derivative of the multiphasic Gompertz models for the gain-age relationship identified age at the highest gain at similar ages as compared with the logistic models for gain. The mixed models predicted that the individual mature BW ranged from 1.83 kg to 2.10 kg and the variability in the timing of the highest rate of gain during the pubertal growth spurt ranged from 15.26 wk to 19.79 wk. Including random terms associated with the mature BW and the second inflection point of the diphasic Gompertz growth model allowed for identification of variability in the growth curve shape between individuals, which can be a tool to study the relationship between the individual growth curve shape and performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S van der Klein
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - R P Kwakkel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B J Ducro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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27
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Soglia D, Sartore S, Maione S, Schiavone A, Dabbou S, Nery J, Zaniboni L, Marelli S, Sacchi P, Rasero R. Growth Performance Analysis of Two Italian Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds: Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060969. [PMID: 32503231 PMCID: PMC7341298 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese are two Italian slow-growing chicken breeds of the Piemonte region (Northwest Italy) and are reared mainly for meat. They conserve adaptation to free ranging low input rearing systems and are promising for antibiotic-free farming. We aimed to analyze their growth using a mathematical model and to obtain some advice for improving performance. Polymorphism of the PAX7 gene was also studied to increase conservation value. The results confirmed that these breeds are late-maturing. Whereas selection would increase inbreeding, a mating scheme to bring inbreeding under control could be the most proper way to increase growth rate and reach commercial maturity earlier. Abstract Bianca di Saluzzo (BS) and Bionda Piemontese (BP) are two Italian chicken breeds, mainly reared for meat production, primarily in antibiotic-free farming. However, technical information on their growth pattern is still missing. At hatching, 150 unsexed chicks of each breed were weighed, labeled, and reared in indoor pens up to 8 w of age. At 8 w of age, the chicks were separated by sex and randomly transferred to growing pens with access to an external paddock (15 birds/pen; 4 pens/sex for each breed). The body weight (BW) was recorded biweekly for each bird, from hatching to 32 w of age. In order to identify an improvement strategy, the objectives of our study were to analyze the growth pattern of these birds using the Gompertz mathematical model and compare results with other chicken breeds. Polymorphism of the PAX7 gene was also analyzed to test its association with growth traits. Both BS and BP are close to unselected native breeds and, among the Italian local poultry, they are confirmed to be slow-growing birds with an intermediate size between heavy and light chicken breeds. Regarding the PAX7 gene, two alleles were found, F and G, and showed an association with the actual BW in the BP females from 14 w of age onwards. The G allele always exhibited a more favorable effect than the F allele. In small size poultry population, a delicate balance between preservation of biodiversity and performance improvement should be considered. Consequently, the most proper way could be an approach based on a mating scheme to keep inbreeding under control, increase growth rate, and improve commercial maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Joana Nery
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
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Huang T, Matsuyama HJ, Tsukada Y, Singhvi A, Syu R, Lu Y, Shaham S, Mori I, Pan C. Age-dependent changes in response property and morphology of a thermosensory neuron and thermotaxis behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13146. [PMID: 32307902 PMCID: PMC7253067 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐dependent cognitive and behavioral deterioration may arise from defects in different components of the nervous system, including those of neurons, synapses, glial cells, or a combination of them. We find that AFD, the primary thermosensory neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans, in aged animals is characterized by loss of sensory ending integrity, including reduced actin‐based microvilli abundance and aggregation of thermosensory guanylyl cyclases. At the functional level, AFD neurons in aged animals are hypersensitive to high temperatures and show sustained sensory‐evoked calcium dynamics, resulting in a prolonged operating range. At the behavioral level, senescent animals display cryophilic behaviors that remain plastic to acute temperature changes. Excessive cyclase activity of the AFD‐specific guanylyl cyclase, GCY‐8, is associated with developmental defects in AFD sensory ending and cryophilic behavior. Surprisingly, loss of the GCY‐8 cyclase domain reduces these age‐dependent morphological and behavioral changes, while a prolonged AFD operating range still exists in gcy‐8 animals. The lack of apparent correlation between age‐dependent changes in the morphology or stimuli‐evoked response properties of primary sensory neurons and those in related behaviors highlights the importance of quantitative analyses of aging features when interpreting age‐related changes at structural and functional levels. Our work identifies aging hallmarks in AFD receptive ending, temperature‐evoked AFD responses, and experience‐based thermotaxis behavior, which serve as a foundation to further elucidate the neural basis of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Ting Huang
- Neuroscience InstituteGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Group of Molecular NeurobiologyGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Institute of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hironori J. Matsuyama
- Neuroscience InstituteGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Group of Molecular NeurobiologyGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yuki Tsukada
- Neuroscience InstituteGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Group of Molecular NeurobiologyGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Aakanksha Singhvi
- Laboratory of Developmental GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Present address:
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Ru‐Ting Syu
- Institute of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center of Precision MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yun Lu
- Laboratory of Developmental GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Shai Shaham
- Laboratory of Developmental GeneticsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ikue Mori
- Neuroscience InstituteGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Group of Molecular NeurobiologyGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Chun‐Liang Pan
- Institute of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center of Precision MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Asiamah C, Xue Y, Lu LL, Zou K, Zhao Z, Su Y. Evaluation of growth performance on family breeding of the Leizhou Black Duck: A preliminary study. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:500-510. [PMID: 32246750 PMCID: PMC7397918 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the growth performance, correlations of linear body dimensions, slaughter performance and the fitting model of two generations of Leizhou Black Ducks. Fifteen (15) male and 225 female parents forming generation 0 were selected from the Leizhou duck population. Fifteen (15) families were created in the ratio of 1 male:15 females. Eggs from all the families were collected and numbered according to the family. Generation 1 ducklings were selected and grouped into families in the same ratio. Body weights (BWs) and linear body dimensions were recorded every 2 weeks from weeks 0 to 16. Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models were employed to ascertain the growth model of both sexes of Leizhou Black Ducks. Except for weeks 0–2, generation 1 families had greater BWs than the generation 0 families (p < .05). Males from both generations had significantly higher (p < .01) BWs than females at 16 weeks old. Significant positive correlations were observed between BWs and measured body dimensions for both sexes except for between BW and pelvis width (PW) where negative correlations (p > .05) were observed for males at week 10 and females at 16 weeks old. There was a significant negative correlation (p < .01) between body length and PW in males at 10 weeks. The accuracy rate of Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models was at 0.972 and similar was obtained by all three models with Von Bertalanffy being the best model. Live weight of generation 1 before slaughter was significantly higher (p < .01) than generation 0, whereas no significant differences were seen in the other carcass traits. These findings provide insights into breeding Leizhou Black Duck to enhance growth performance and hybrid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Asiamah
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
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30
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Hanigan MD, Daley VL. Use of Mechanistic Nutrition Models to Identify Sustainable Food Animal Production. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2020; 8:355-376. [PMID: 31730368 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To feed people in the coming decades, an increase in sustainable animal food production is required. The efficiency of the global food production system is dependent on the knowledge and improvement of its submodels, such as food animal production. Scientists use statistical models to interpret their data, but models are also used to understand systems and to integrate their components. However, empirical models cannot explain systems. Mechanistic models yield insight into the mechanism and provide guidance regarding the exploration of the system. This review offers an overview of models, from simple empirical to more mechanistic models. We demonstrate their applications to amino acid transport, mass balance, whole-tissue metabolism, digestion and absorption, growth curves, lactation, and nutrient excretion. These mechanistic models need to be integrated into a full model using big data from sensors, which represents a new challenge. Soon, training in quantitative and computer science skills will be required to develop, test, and maintain advanced food system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA; ,
| | - Veridiana L Daley
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA; , .,National Animal Nutrition Program (NANP), Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
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31
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Gous RM, Fisher C, Tůmová E, Machander V, Chodová D, Vlčková J, Uhlířová L, Ketta M. The growth of turkeys 1. Growth of the body and feathers and the chemical composition of growth. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:539-547. [PMID: 31157554 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1622076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The potential growth of modern turkey genotypes was measured using male and female BUT 6 (BUT) and Hybrid Converter (HYB) strains. At one-day-old, 720 male and 960 female poults were randomly allocated to 48 littered pens in two houses with 30 males or 40 females of each strain per pen. Five feeds of decreasing protein content were fed to both sexes during the growing period. 2. Birds were weighed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, 56, 77, 119 d (males only), 126 d (females only) and 140 d (males only) and, on each occasion, six birds were selected and removed for carcass analysis. 3. Growth was similar in both strains, but the growth rate of females appeared to decline relative to the earlier trajectory after 70 d, and this tendency being greater in HYB females. 4. HYB birds of both sexes had more feathers than BUT to 77 d, but thereafter these differences were non-significant. A single allometry between feather and body protein weight was observed over all genotypes with no differences apparent between sexes within strains. The Gompertz curve adequately described the growth of body protein, water and ash. 5. Body lipid (g/100g bodyweight) declined in the early stages of growth. This might reflect an energy deficiency in the diet or might indicate that the present description of lipid growth does not apply in turkeys as it does in other species. 6. Whereas the description of body growth, feather growth and the chemical components of growth given in this paper may not fully reflect the true potential of the genotypes used, nevertheless they provide useful information regarding the latest genotypes available in the turkey industry. Some of the observations suggested that current performance might be improved if further research is conducted regarding dietary energy transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa
| | - C Fisher
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa
| | - E Tůmová
- University of Life Sciences, Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - V Machander
- International Testing Station , Ústrašice , Czech Republic
| | - D Chodová
- University of Life Sciences, Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - J Vlčková
- University of Life Sciences, Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - L Uhlířová
- University of Life Sciences, Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - M Ketta
- University of Life Sciences, Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
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32
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Gotuzzo AG, Piles M, Della-Flora RP, Germano JM, Reis JS, Tyska DU, Dionello NJL. Bayesian hierarchical model for comparison of different nonlinear function and genetic parameter estimates of meat quails. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1601-1609. [PMID: 30535033 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare different nonlinear functions to describe the growth curve of European quails and to estimate growth curve parameters, (co)variance components, and genetic and systematic effects that affected the curve using a hierarchical Bayesian model that allows joint estimation. Three different models were fitted in the first stage (Gompertz, Logístic, and von Bertalanffy). The analyzed data set had 45,965 records of 6,838 meat quails selected for higher body weight at 42 d of age for 15 successive generations, weighed at birth, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age. Comparisons of the overall goodness of fit were based on deviance information criterion (DIC) and mean square error. Gelfand's check function compared the models at different points of the growth curve. In the second stage, the systematic (sex and generation) and genetic effects were considered in an animal model. Random samples of the a posteriori distributions were obtained by Metropolis-Hastings and Gibbs sampling algorithms. The Gompertz function presented lower DIC and better adjustment at different ages and was defined as the best fit. The heritabilities of A, b, and k parameters were moderate (0.32, 0.29, and 0.18, respectively). The genetics correlations were A and b (0.25), A and k (-0.50), and b and k (0.03). The samples of the posterior marginal distributions for the differences between the estimates of the parameters of the Gompertz model, for generation, A, b, k, age at inflexion point (APOI), and weight at inflexion point (WPOI) showed differences in relation to sex, the females are heavier, A, WPOI, and APOI for females were also higher. In conclusion, 15 generations of selection and changes in the environmental conditions altered the growth curve, leaving the quails heavier and with greater WPOI and APOI, decreased growth rate, and increased the birth weight. The curve parameters could be used in a selection index, despite the difficulty in selecting quails with higher rate of growth and adult body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Gonçalves Gotuzzo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriam Piles
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Caldes de Montbui 68140, Spain
| | - Raquel Pillon Della-Flora
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Martins Germano
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaina Scaglioni Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darilene Ursula Tyska
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nelson José Laurino Dionello
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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