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Thorsteinsson M, Weisbjerg MR, Lund P, Bruhn A, Hellwing ALF, Nielsen MO. Effects of dietary inclusion of 3 Nordic brown macroalgae on enteric methane emission and productivity of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6921-6937. [PMID: 37641361 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are receiving increased attention as antimethanogenic feed additives for cattle, but most in vivo studies are limited to investigating effects of the red macroalgae Asparagopsis spp. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the CH4 mitigating potential of 3 brown macroalgae from the Northern Hemisphere when fed to dairy cows, and to study the effects on feed intake, milk production, feed digestibility, and animal health indicators. The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design using 4 lactating rumen, duodenal, and ileal cannulated Danish Holstein dairy cows. The cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) without any macroalgae or the same TMR diluted with, on a dry matter basis, either 4% ensiled Saccharina latissima, 4% Ascophyllum nodosum (NOD), or 2% Sargassum muticum (MUT). Each period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, 3 d of digesta and blood sampling, and 4 d of gas exchange measurements using respiration chambers. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Blood was sampled on d 13 and 16 and analyzed for health status indicators. None of the 3 species affected the CH4 emission. Moreover, milk yield and DMI were also unaffected. Total-tract digestibility of crude protein was significantly lower for NOD compared with other diets, and additionally, the NOD diet also tended to reduce total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber compared with MUT. Blood biomarkers did not indicate negative effects of the dietary inclusion of macroalgae on cow health. In conclusion, none of the 3 brown macroalgae reduced CH4 emission and did not affect DMI and milk production of dairy cows, whereas negative effects on the digestibility of nutrients were observed when A. nodosum was added. None of the diets would be allowed to be fed in commercial dairy herds due to high contents of iodine, cadmium, and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thorsteinsson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Bruhn
- CBIO-Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A L F Hellwing
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M O Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU-Viborg, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE-Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Canul-Ku LA, Sanginés-García JR, Urquizo EA, Canul-Solís JR, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Molina-Botero I, Arango J, Piñeiro-Vázquez ÁT. Effect of Pelagic Sargassum on In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Degradation, Gas Production, and Protozoa Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1858. [PMID: 37889796 PMCID: PMC10252004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Canul-Ku
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Aguilar Urquizo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | | | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Isabel Molina-Botero
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
| | - Jacobo Arango
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
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Effects of various macroalgae species on methane production, rumen fermentation, and ruminant production: A meta-analysis from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Red seaweed: A promising alternative protein source for global food sustainability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Juul L, Stødkilde L, Ingerslev A, Bruhn A, Jensen S, Dalsgaard T. Digestibility of seaweed protein from Ulva sp. and Saccharina latissima in rats. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trigo JP, Engström N, Steinhagen S, Juul L, Harrysson H, Toth GB, Pavia H, Scheers N, Undeland I. In vitro digestibility and Caco-2 cell bioavailability of sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) proteins extracted using pH-shift processing. Food Chem 2021; 356:129683. [PMID: 33845254 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is a promising sustainable source of vegan protein as its farming does not require arable land, pesticides/insecticides, nor freshwater supply. However, to be explored as a novel protein source the content and nutritional quality of protein in seaweed need to be improved. We assessed the influence of pH-shift processing on protein degree of hydrolysis (%DH), protein/peptide size distribution, accessibility, and cell bioavailability of Ulva fenestrata proteins after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. pH-shift processing of Ulva, which concentrated its proteins 3.5-times, significantly improved the %DH from 27.7±2.6% to 35.7±2.1% and the amino acid accessibility from 56.9±4.1% to 72.7±0.6%. Due to the higher amino acid accessibility, the amount of most amino acids transported across the cell monolayers was higher in the protein extracts. Regarding bioavailability, both Ulva and protein extracts were as bioavailable as casein. The protein/peptide molecular size distribution after digestion did not disclose a clear association with bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Trigo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Engström
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sophie Steinhagen
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Laboratorievägen 10, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Louise Juul
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hanna Harrysson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla B Toth
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Laboratorievägen 10, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Laboratorievägen 10, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Krogdahl Å, Jaramillo-Torres A, Ahlstrøm Ø, Chikwati E, Aasen IM, Kortner TM. Protein value and health aspects of the seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Palmaria palmata evaluated with mink as model for monogastric animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abbott DW, Aasen IM, Beauchemin KA, Grondahl F, Gruninger R, Hayes M, Huws S, Kenny DA, Krizsan SJ, Kirwan SF, Lind V, Meyer U, Ramin M, Theodoridou K, von Soosten D, Walsh PJ, Waters S, Xing X. Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2432. [PMID: 33353097 PMCID: PMC7766277 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (D.W.A.); (K.A.B.); (R.G.); (X.X.)
| | - Inga Marie Aasen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Karen A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (D.W.A.); (K.A.B.); (R.G.); (X.X.)
| | - Fredrik Grondahl
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Robert Gruninger
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (D.W.A.); (K.A.B.); (R.G.); (X.X.)
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Sharon Huws
- Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - David A. Kenny
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland; (D.A.K.); (S.F.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Sophie J. Krizsan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; (S.J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Stuart F. Kirwan
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland; (D.A.K.); (S.F.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Vibeke Lind
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Post Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (U.M.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; (S.J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Katerina Theodoridou
- Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (U.M.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Pamela J. Walsh
- Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, BT7 1NN Co., Antrim, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Sinéad Waters
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co., Meath, Ireland; (D.A.K.); (S.F.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (D.W.A.); (K.A.B.); (R.G.); (X.X.)
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Ford L, Curry C, Campbell M, Theodoridou K, Sheldrake G, Dick J, Stella L, Walsh PJ. Effect of Phlorotannins from Brown Seaweeds on the In Vitro Digestibility of Pig Feed. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112193. [PMID: 33238648 PMCID: PMC7700568 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins have been reported to have positive effects on pig health, including improved gut health and digestibility. In this study, we investigate the effect of phenolics found in two brown seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus serratus, on in vitro dry matter digestibility of seaweeds and commercial pig feed. Phlorotannin extracts and whole seaweeds were supplemented into pig feed to test their effect on digestibility. Solid-phase extraction was used to purify the phenolics to phlorotannins. The results showed a slight decrease in the digestibility of pig feed that was found to be significant when phlorotannin extracts were added from either seaweed. However, when whole A. nodosum was added to the pig feed, the effect on digestibility was less pronounced. Specifically, no significant difference in digestibility was observed at inclusion rates up to 5%, and thereafter results varied. A difference in digestibility was also observed in the same species at the same inclusion rate, collected from different seasons. This suggests that other compounds, e.g., polysaccharides, are having an effect on digestibility when whole seaweeds are supplemented to animal feed. This research has also highlighted the need to base supplementation on phenolic concentration as opposed to a standardised percentage inclusion of seaweeds to ensure that digestibility is not adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ford
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK; (L.F.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Chloe Curry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK; (L.F.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Mairead Campbell
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.C.); (K.T.); (J.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Katerina Theodoridou
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.C.); (K.T.); (J.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Gary Sheldrake
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK; (L.F.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Jaimie Dick
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.C.); (K.T.); (J.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Queen’s Marine Laboratory (QML) Queen’s University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Northern Ireland, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK; (L.F.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
- Atomistic Simulation Centre (ASC), School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Pamela J. Walsh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK; (L.F.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
- Queen’s Marine Laboratory (QML) Queen’s University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Northern Ireland, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, The Asbhy Building, Stranmillis Road, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 5AJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-28-9097-4677
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Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111957. [PMID: 33114191 PMCID: PMC7690820 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Seaweeds are underutilized resources worldwide that could be used in both the food and the feed markets. However, seaweeds decompose quickly mainly due to their high water content and therefore cost and energy effective preservation methods must be explored. Silage is a low-energy input method to preserve forage crops widely used worldwide, but the ensilability of seaweeds has been little investigated. In this study, we assessed different procedures to ensile Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima, including the washing and pre-wilting of the seaweeds before ensiling and the addition of formic acid. The chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of the obtained silages were determined to investigate their potential use as ruminant feed. Seaweeds did not undergo the typical silage fermentation, characterized by high production of lactic acid, as usually observed for terrestrial crops, and silage characteristics were variable depending on the seaweed species. All silages with formic acid as silage additive had pH values below the recommended value of 4.0, whereas those without formic acid had pH values greater than 4.50. The addition of formic acid also increased the ruminal degradability of the silages. More studies are needed to identify optimal ensiling conditions for seaweeds. Abstract The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.
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Satessa GD, Tamez-Hidalgo P, Hui Y, Cieplak T, Krych L, Kjærulff S, Brunsgaard G, Nielsen DS, Nielsen MO. Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Rapeseed with or without Macroalgae on Performance and Health of Piglets Following Omission of Medicinal Zinc from Weaner Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E137. [PMID: 31952154 PMCID: PMC7023219 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of medicinal zinc oxide (ZnO) to weaner piglets will be phased out after 2022 in Europe, leaving pig producers without options to manage post-weaning disorders. This study assessed whether rapeseed meal, fermented alone (FRM) or co-fermented with a single (Ascophylum nodosum; FRMA), or two (A. nodossum and Saccharina latissima; FRMAS) brown macroalagae species, could improve weaner piglet performance and stimulate intestinal development as well as maturation of gut microbiota in the absence of in-feed zinc. Weaned piglets (n = 1240) were fed, during 28-85 days of age, a basal diet with no additives (negative control; NC), 2500 ppm in-feed ZnO (positive control; PC), FRM, FRMA or FRMAS. Piglets fed FRM and FRMA had a similar or numerically improved, respectively, production performance compared to PC piglets. Jejunal villus development was stimulated over NC in PC, FRM and FRMAS (gender-specific). FRM enhanced colon mucosal development and reduced signs of intestinal inflammation. All fermented feeds and PC induced similar changes in the composition and diversity of colon microbiota compared to NC. In conclusion, piglet performance, intestinal development and health indicators were sustained or numerically improved when in-feed zinc was replaced by FRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw D. Satessa
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Yan Hui
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Tomasz Cieplak
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Søren Kjærulff
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Grete Brunsgaard
- Fermentationexperts A/S, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.T.-H.); (S.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.H.); (T.C.); (L.K.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Mette O. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Ruminal Fermentation, Growth Rate and Methane Production in Sheep Fed Diets Including White Clover, Soybean Meal or Porphyra sp. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010079. [PMID: 31906467 PMCID: PMC7023364 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In ruminant feeding, the use of diets containing seaweeds could be a valuable alternative to conventional diets. The objective of this work was to investigate the ruminal fermentation, growth rate and methane production in sheep fed a diet including Porphyra sp. compared with diets including clover silage or soybean meal. Including Porphyra sp. had little impact on ruminal fermentation and methane production both in vitro and in vivo. Lambs fed Porphyra sp. had a similar growth rate to those fed a diet including soybean meal, confirming previous in vitro and in situ observations on the high-quality protein of Porphyra sp. in ruminant feed. Abstract The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of Porphyra sp. as an alternative source of protein to soybean meal in diets for sheep. Our experimental treatments included a control diet (CON) based on grass silage and crushed oats and three diets containing protein supplements, clover silage (CLO), soybean meal (SOY) or Porphyra sp. (POR) to increase dietary crude protein concentrations. We studied its effects on rumen fermentation, growth rate and methane emissions. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, kinetics of gas production and methane production were studied in vitro by using batch cultures inoculated with rumen inoculum from sheep. There were no differences among diets in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production or in the VFA profile in vitro. Across treatments, we measured no differences in methane production either in vitro or in vivo, and we saw no noticeable antimethanogenic effect of Porphyra sp. The present in vivo trial with lambs showed no differences in average daily weight gain when fed diets including Porphyra sp. or soybean meal diets (250 and 254 g/d, respectively). We conclude that Porphyra sp. has a protein value similar to high-quality protein sources like soybean meal.
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Özkan Gülzari Ş, Lind V, Aasen IM, Steinshamn H. Effect of supplementing sheep diets with macroalgae species on in vivo nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood amino acid profile. Animal 2019; 13:2792-2801. [PMID: 31293228 PMCID: PMC6861173 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a brown macroalgae species, Saccharina latissima, processed to increase its protein concentration, and a red macroalgae species, Porphyra spp., were used to evaluate their in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood amino acid concentrations. Four castrated rams were used, whose diets were supplemented with a protein-rich fraction of S. latissima, a commercial Porphyra spp. and soybean meal (SBM). Our results show that the protein digestibility of a diet with S. latissima extract was lower (0.55) than those with Porphyra spp. (0.64) and SBM (0.66). In spite of the higher nitrogen (N) intake of diets containing Porphyra spp. and SBM (20.9 and 19.8 g N/day, respectively) than that with S. latissima (18.6 g N/day), the ratio of N excreted in faeces to total N intake was significantly higher in the diet with S. latissima than those with Porphyra spp. and SBM. This reflects that the utilization of protein in S. latissima was impaired, possibly due to reduced microbial activity. The latter statement is corroborated by lower volatile fatty acid composition (25.6, 54.8 and 100 mmol/l for S. latissima, Porphyra spp. and SBM, respectively) and a non-significant tendency for lower ammonia concentration observed in diets with S. latissima and Porphyra spp. compared to SBM. It is important to note that the S. latissima used in this trial was rinsed during processing to remove salt. This process potentially also removes other water-soluble compounds, such as free amino acids, and may have increased the relative fraction of protein resistant to rumen degradation and intestinal absorption. Furthermore, the phlorotannins present in macroalgae may have formed complexes with protein and fibre, further limiting their degradability in rumen and absorption in small intestines. We recommend that further studies explore the extent to which processing of macroalgae affects its nutritive properties and rumen degradability, in addition to studies to measure the intestinal absorption of these macroalgae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş Özkan Gülzari
- Division of Food Production and Society, Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - V Lind
- Division of Food Production and Society, Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - I M Aasen
- SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - H Steinshamn
- Division of Food Production and Society, Department of Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
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Ramin M, Franco M, Roleda MY, Aasen IM, Hetta M, Steinshamn H. In vitro evaluation of utilisable crude protein and methane production for a diet in which grass silage was replaced by different levels and fractions of extracted seaweed proteins. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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