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Ejenavi O, Teng T, Huang W, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang D. Online detection of alkanes by a biological-phase microextraction and biosensing (BPME-BS) device. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131316. [PMID: 37003003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill incidents occur frequently and threaten ecosystems and human health. Solid-phase microextraction allows direct alkane extraction from environmental matrices to improve the limit of detection but is unable to measure alkanes on site. A biological-phase microextraction and biosensing (BPME-BS) device was developed by immobilising an alkane chemotactic Acinetobacter bioreporter ADPWH_alk in agarose gel to achieve online alkane quantification with the aid of a photomultiplier. The BPME-BS device had a high enrichment factor (average 7.07) and a satisfactory limit of detection (0.075 mg/L) for alkanes. The quantification range was 0.1-100 mg/L, comparable to a gas chromatography flame ionisation detector and better than a bioreporter without immobilisation. ADPWH_alk cells in the BPME-BS device maintained good sensitivity under a wide range of environmental conditions, including pH (4.0-9.0), temperature (20-40 °C), and salinity (0.0-3.0%), and its response remained stable within 30 days at 4 °C. In a 7-day continual measurement, the BPME-BS device successfully visualised the dynamic concentration of alkanes, and a 7-day field test successfully captured an oil spill event, helping in source apportionment and on-scene law enforcement. Our work proved that the BPME-BS device is a powerful tool for online alkane measurement, showing substantial potential for fast detection and rapid response to oil spills on site and in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odafe Ejenavi
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Tingting Teng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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2
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Kawai Y, Idegami K, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Single-step Trypsin Inhibitor Assay on a Microchannel Array Device Immobilizing Enzymes and Fluorescent Substrates by Inkjet Printing. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1473-1476. [PMID: 33952864 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a single-step trypsin inhibitor assay on a microchannel array device immobilizing enzymes and substrates by inkjet printing. The microdevice is composed of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel array that immobilizes trypsin and fluorescent substrates as reactive reagents at the two bottom corners of a microchannel. Inkjet printers allow simple, accurate, and position-selective immobilization of reagents as nanoliter spots. Therefore, plural reactive reagents, such as enzymes and substrates, can be separately immobilized at different positions in the same microchannel without mixing, and thus allowing for single-step operation by simply introducing a sample solution through capillary action. Furthermore, reproducible fabrication and mass production of the device could be expected. In this study, the efficiency of an acidic solution as a spotting agent for protease immobilization to prevent decrease in the fluorescence intensity was confirmed. Additionally, single-step trypsin inhibitor screening was performed using three inhibitors. Finally, we investigated the storage stability of the device and confirmed that it remained stable for at least 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO)
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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3
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Kawai Y, Shirai A, Kakuta M, Idegami K, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Inkjet Printing-Based Immobilization Method for a Single-Step and Homogeneous Competitive Immunoassay in Microchannel Arrays. Front Chem 2021; 8:612132. [PMID: 33409267 PMCID: PMC7779625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report an inkjet printing-based method for the immobilization of different reactive analytical reagents on a single microchannel for a single-step and homogeneous solution-based competitive immunoassay. The immunoassay microdevice is composed of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel that is patterned using inkjet printing by two types of reactive reagents as dissolvable spots, namely, antibody-immobilized graphene oxide and a fluorescently labeled antigen. Since nanoliter-sized droplets of the reagents could be accurately and position-selectively spotted on the microchannel, different reactive reagents were simultaneously immobilized onto the same microchannel, which was difficult to achieve in previously reported capillary-based single-step bioassay devices. In the present study, the positions of the reagent spots and amount of reagent matrix were investigated to demonstrate the stable and reproducible immobilization and a uniform dissolution. Finally, a preliminary application to a single-step immunoassay of C-reactive protein was demonstrated as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Ferreira AV, Antunes E, Ribeiro A, Matamá T, Azoia NG, Cunha J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Design of a chromogenic substrate for elastase based on split GFP system-Proof of concept for colour switch sensors. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 22:e00324. [PMID: 31049301 PMCID: PMC6479270 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that human neutrophil elastase (HNE) can be used as marker for inflammation/infection of chronic wounds since it was found to be present in high concentration in exudate collected from chronic wounds. Biosensors used in wound care benefit from a chromogenic signalling due to the readiness of signal interpretation, but the most common use faint yellow chromogenic molecules such as p-nitroaniline (pNa). In addition, if to be converted into smart dressings, the colour of the detection system should not be masked by the exudate's colour. In this work, we designed a chromogenic substrate for HNE aiming to be incorporated in a smart dressing as a colour switch sensor. The substrate was developed using the GFP-like chromoprotein ultramarine (UM), following the split GFP technology. The cleavage sequence for HNE (Ala-Ala-Pro-Val) was embedded into the sensing moiety of the substrate corresponding to the 11th β-sheet. In the presence of HNE, the 11th β-sheet is able to interact to the signalling moiety composed of the β1-β10 incomplete barrel, allowing the re-establishment of the chromophore environment and, hence, the colour production. Structural homology and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to aid on the disclosure of the structural changes that are the base of the mechanism of action of this HNE switch substrate. Our findings explore the possible application of GFP-like chromogenic sensors in point-of-care devices for the evaluation of the wounds status, representing a major step in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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5
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Shirai A, Nakashima K, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Development of a single-step immunoassay microdevice based on a graphene oxide-containing hydrogel possessing fluorescence quenching and size separation functions. Analyst 2018; 142:472-477. [PMID: 28091627 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02485h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An immunoassay, which is an indispensable analytical method both in biological research and in medical fields was successfully integrated into a "single-step" by developing a microdevice composed of a graphene oxide (GO)-containing hydrogel and a poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel array with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating containing a fluorescently-labelled antibody. Here we used 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) as a monomer that is easily, and homogeneously, mixed with GO to synthesize the hydrogel. The fluorescence quenching and size separation functions were then optimized by controlling the ratios of HEMA and GO. Free fluorescently-labelled antibody was successfully separated from the immunoreaction mixture by the hydrogel network structure, and the fluorescence was subsequently quenched by GO. In comparison to the previously reported immunoassay system using GO, the present system achieved a very high fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency (∼90%), due to the use of direct adsorption of the fluorescently-labelled antibody to the GO surface; in contrast, the former reported method relied on indirect adsorption of the fluorescently-labelled antibody via immunocomplex formation at the GO surface. Finally, the single-step immunoassay microdevice was made by combining the developed hydrogel and the PDMS microchannel with a coating containing the fluorescently-labelled antibody, and successfully applied for the single-step analysis of IgM levels in diluted human serum by simple introduction of the sample via capillary action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kaho Nakashima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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6
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Shirai A, Henares TG, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Fast and single-step immunoassay based on fluorescence quenching within a square glass capillary immobilizing graphene oxide-antibody conjugate and fluorescently labelled antibody. Analyst 2018; 141:3389-94. [PMID: 27127806 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A single-step, easy-to-use, and fast capillary-type immunoassay device composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating containing two kinds of antibody-reagents, including an antibody-graphene oxide conjugate and fluorescently labelled antibody, was developed in this study. The working principle involved the spontaneous dissolution of the PEG coating, diffusion of reagents, and subsequent immunoreaction, triggered by the capillary action-mediated introduction of a sample solution. In a sample solution containing the target antigen, two types of antibody reagents form a sandwich-type antigen-antibody complex and fluorescence quenching takes place via fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the labelled fluorescent molecules and graphene oxide. Antigen concentration can be measured based on the decrease in fluorescence intensity. An antigen concentration-dependent response was obtained for the model target protein sample (human IgG, 0.2-10 μg mL(-1)). The present method can shorten the reaction time to within 1 min (approximately 40 s), while conventional methods using the same reagents require reaction times of approximately 20 min because of the large reaction scale. The proposed method is one of the fastest immunoassays ever reported. Finally, the present device was used to measure human IgG in diluted serum samples to demonstrate that this method can be used for fast medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Terence G Henares
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Nakaku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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7
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Sanuki R, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Double Sweeping: Highly Effective Sample Preconcentration Using Cationic and Anionic Micelles and Its Application to a Multiple Enzyme Activity Assay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6505-6512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sanuki
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku,
Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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8
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Sueyoshi K, Nogawa Y, Sugawara K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Highly Sensitive and Multiple Enzyme Activity Assay Using Reagent-release Capillary-Isoelectric Focusing with Rhodamine 110-based Substrates. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:1155-61. [PMID: 26561260 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and highly sensitive enzyme activity assay based on reagent-release capillary-isoelectric focusing is described. Reagent-release capillaries containing a fluorescent substrate, which produces fluorescent products possessing an isoelectric point after reaction with enzymes, provides a simple procedure. This is because it allows to spontaneously inject a sample solution into the capillary by capillary action, mixing reagents, and subsequently concentrating the fluorescent products based on isoelectric focusing. Fluorescent rhodamine 110 and its monoamide derivative, which were generated as a final product and an intermediate, respectively, were then focused and separated by reagent-release capillary-isoelectric focusing. After 30 min of enzyme reactions, two focused fluorescent bands were clearly isolated along the prepared capillaries. Employing the focused band of rhodamine 110 monoamide allowed for highly sensitive detection of enzyme activity in the 10 pg mL(-1) order, while that of the conventional assay using a microplate was in the ng mL(-1) order. Furthermore, arraying reagent-release capillaries of different substrates on a chip allowed for simultaneous multi-assay of enzyme activity with good sensitivity in the pg mL(-1) order for each protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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9
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SUEYOSHI K, MIYAHARA Y, ENDO T, HISAMOTO H. A Simple and Rapid Immunoassay Based on Microchip Electrophoresis Using a Reagent-Release Cartridge. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji SUEYOSHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yuta MIYAHARA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro ENDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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10
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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11
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Cao YC. A Capillary Based Chemiluminscent Multi-Target Immunoassay. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:563-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Edwards JV, Prevost NT, French AD, Concha M, Condon BD. Kinetic and structural analysis of fluorescent peptides on cotton cellulose nanocrystals as elastase sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Funano SI, Sugahara M, Henares TG, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. A single-step enzyme immunoassay capillary sensor composed of functional multilayer coatings for the diagnosis of marker proteins. Analyst 2015; 140:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A single-step, easy-to-use enzyme immunoassay capillary sensor, composed of substrate-immobilized hydrophobic coating, hydrogel coating, and soluble coating containing an enzyme-labeled antibody, was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Funano
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
| | - Masato Sugahara
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
| | - Terence G. Henares
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City
- Japan
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14
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Ishimoto T, Jigawa K, Henares TG, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Efficient immobilization of the enzyme and substrate for a single-step caspase-3 inhibitor assay using a combinable PDMS capillary sensor array. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46976j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 inhibitor assay was successfully integrated into “single-step” by solving the problem of low-activity enzyme immobilization by using a combinable poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary (CPC) sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
| | - Kaede Jigawa
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
| | - Terence G. Henares
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai City, Japan
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15
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HENARES TG, FUNANO SI, SUEYOSHI K, ENDO T, HISAMOTO H. Advancements in Capillary-Assembled Microchip (CAs-CHIP) Development for Multiple Analyte Sensing and Microchip Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:7-15. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji SUEYOSHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro ENDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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16
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Wakayama H, Henares TG, Jigawa K, Funano SI, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Design of a single-step immunoassay principle based on the combination of an enzyme-labeled antibody release coating and a hydrogel copolymerized with a fluorescent enzyme substrate in a microfluidic capillary device. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4304-4307. [PMID: 24064761 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A combination of an enzyme-labeled antibody release coating and a novel fluorescent enzyme substrate-copolymerized hydrogel in a microchannel for a single-step, no-wash microfluidic immunoassay is demonstrated. This hydrogel discriminates the free enzyme-conjugated antibody from an antigen-enzyme-conjugated antibody immunocomplex based on the difference in molecular size. A selective and sensitive immunoassay, with 10-1000 ng mL(-1) linear range, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Wakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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17
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Funano SI, Henares TG, Kurata M, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Capillary-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for highly sensitive detection of thrombin-cleaved osteopontin in plasma. Anal Biochem 2013; 440:137-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Ishimoto T, Jigawa K, Henares TG, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Integration of neuraminidase inhibitor assay into a single-step operation using a combinable poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary sensor. Analyst 2013; 138:3158-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Fujii Y, Henares TG, Kawamura K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Bulk- and surface-modified combinable PDMS capillary sensor array as an easy-to-use sensing device with enhanced sensitivity to elevated concentrations of multiple serum sample components. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1522-1526. [PMID: 22395813 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To enhance sensitivity and facilitate easy sample introduction into a combinable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) capillary (CPC) sensor array, PDMS was modified in bulk and on its surface to prepare "black" PDMS coated with a silver layer and self-assembled monolayer (SAM). India ink, a traditional Japanese black ink, was added to the PDMS pre-polymer for bulk modification. The surface was modified by a silver mirror reaction followed by SAM formation using cysteine. These modifications enhanced the fluorescence signals by reflecting them from the surface and reducing background interference. A decrease in the water contact angle led to enhanced sensitivity and easy sample introduction. Furthermore, a CPC sensor array for multiplex detection of serum sample components was prepared that could quantify the analytes glucose, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). When serum samples were introduced by capillary action, the CPC sensor array showed fluorescence responses for each analyte and successfully identified the components with elevated concentrations in the serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Uchiyama Y, Okubo F, Akai K, Fujii Y, Henares TG, Kawamura K, Yao T, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Combinable poly(dimethyl siloxane) capillary sensor array for single-step and multiple enzyme inhibitor assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:204-208. [PMID: 22086459 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new method for fabricating a capillary-type sensor, called a combinable poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) capillary (CPC) sensor. The method for preparing the CPC simplifies enzyme inhibitor assays into a simple, single step assay. The sample inhibitor solution is introduced by capillary action. This triggers the spontaneous dissolution of physically adsorbed fluorescent substrates, and the substrate mixes with the inhibitor. This is followed by competitive reaction with insoluble enzyme to give a fluorescence response. CPC is composed of a convex-shaped PDMS stick containing reagents immobilized in an insoluble coating, and a concave-shaped PDMS stick containing reagents immobilized in a soluble coating. Since the concave-shaped PDMS has a deeper channel than the convex structure, combining these PDMS sticks is like closing the zipper of a "freezer bag". This allows easy fabrication of "thin and long" capillary structures containing different reagents inside the same capillary, without the need for precise alignment. This method allows the immobilization of two reactive reagents, such as enzyme and substrate required for a single step assay, which are typically very difficult to immobilize using commercially available conventional capillaries. Furthermore, by simply arraying various CPCs, the CPC sensor allows multiple assays. Here, we carried out a single-step enzyme inhibitor assay using the CPC. In addition, two independent CPCs were arrayed to demonstrate multiple assaying of a protease inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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21
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SASAKI N. Recent Applications of AC Electrokinetics in Biomolecular Analysis on Microfluidic Devices. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:3-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki SASAKI
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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22
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Hisamoto H. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012; 80:434-439. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.80.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Kimura Y, Henares TG, Funano SI, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Open-type capillary-assembled microchip for rapid, single-step, simultaneous multi-component analysis of serum sample. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21843g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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TSUTSUMI E, HENARES TG, FUNANO SI, KAWAMURA K, ENDO T, HISAMOTO H. Single-Step Sandwich Immunoreaction in a Square Glass Capillary Immobilizing Capture and Enzyme-linked Antibodies for Simplified Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:51-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erina TSUTSUMI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | | | - Kunio KAWAMURA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro ENDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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Yu YS, Wang Z, Zhao YP. Experimental and theoretical investigations of evaporation of sessile water droplet on hydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 365:254-9. [PMID: 21962433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experiments of sessile water droplet evaporation on both polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Teflon surfaces were conducted. All experiments begin with constant contact area mode (the initial contact angle is greater than 90°), switch to constant contact angle mode and end with mixed mode. Based on the assumptions of spherical droplet and uniform concentration gradient, theoretical analyses for both constant contact area and constant contact angle modes are made and theoretical solutions are derived accordingly, especially a theoretical solution of contact angle is presented first for CCR stage with any value of the initial contact angle. Moreover, comparisons between the theoretical solutions and experimental data of contact angle in CCR stage demonstrate the validity of the theoretical solution and it would help for a better understanding and application of water droplet on solid surfaces, which is quite often encountered in lab-on-a-chip, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other micro-fluidics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Song Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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26
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AL-Othman ZA, Ali I. NANO CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN MICROCHIPS: A NEED OF THE PRESENT CENTURY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.566031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. AL-Othman
- a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- b Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia, (Central University) , New Delhi, India
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Kataoka M, Yokoyama H, Henares TG, Kawamura K, Yao T, Hisamoto H. Reagent-release capillary array-isoelectric focusing device as a rapid screening device for IEF condition optimization. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3341-3347. [PMID: 20714639 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the fabrication and characterization of a simple and disposable capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) device containing a reagent-release capillary (RRC) array and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) platform, which allows rapid (within 10 min) screening of cIEF conditions by introducing a sample solution into plural RRCs by capillary action followed by electric field application. To prepare the RRC, covalent immobilization of poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) was conducted to suppress electro-osmotic flow (EOF), followed by physical adsorption of the mixture of carrier ampholyte (CA), surfactant, labeling reagent (LR), and other additives to the PDMA surface to construct a two-layer structure inside a square glass capillary. When the sample solution containing proteins was introduced into the RRC, physically adsorbed CA, surfactant, and LR can be dissolved and released into the sample solution. Then, complexation of LR with proteins, mixing with CA and surfactant, and exposure of the PDMA surface spontaneously occurs for the IEF experiments. Here, three different RRCs that immobilize different CAs were prepared, and simultaneous cIEF experiments involving hemoglobin AFSC mixtures for choosing the best CA demonstrated the proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Tsutsumi E, Henares TG, Kawamura K, Yao T, Hisamoto H. Facile Preparation Method of a Disposable Capillary Biosensor Using an Ion-selective Optode Membrane and a Dissolvable Enzyme Membrane and Its Application to Urea Sensing. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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HENARES TG, MAEKAWA E, OKUBO F, MIZUTANI F, YAO T, SEKIZAWA R, HISAMOTO H. Enzyme-Release Capillary as a Facile Enzymatic Biosensing Part for a Capillary-Assembled Microchip. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1025-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence G. HENARES
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Eiji MAEKAWA
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Fumito OKUBO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Fumio MIZUTANI
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Toshio YAO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Hideaki HISAMOTO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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30
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Abe K, Suzuki K, Citterio D. Inkjet-Printed Microfluidic Multianalyte Chemical Sensing Paper. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6928-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800604v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Hooper S, Anderson M. Simultaneous Determination of Glucose andL-Glutamate Using a Capillary Enzyme Reactor with Electrochemical Detection. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Henares TG, Mizutani F, Sekizawa R, Hisamoto H. Single-drop analysis of various proteases in a cancer cell lysate using a capillary-assembled microchip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2507-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adam V, Baloun J, Fabrik I, Trnkova L, Kizek R. An Electrochemical Detection of Metallothioneins at the Zeptomole Level in Nanolitre Volumes. SENSORS 2008; 8:2293-2305. [PMID: 27879822 PMCID: PMC3673418 DOI: 10.3390/s8042293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An Electrochemical Detection of Metallothioneins at the Zeptomole Level in Nanolitre VolumesWe report on improvement of the adsorptive transfer stripping technique (AdTS) coupled with the differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction to determine a thiol-protein. The current technique has been unable to generate reproducible results when analyzing very low sample volumes (nanolitres). This obstacle can be overcome technically by modifying the current transfer technique including cooling step of the adsorbed analyte. We tested the technique on determination of a promising tumour disease marker protein called metallothionein (MT). The detection limit (3 S/N) of MT was evaluated as 500 zeptomoles per 500 nL (1 pM) and the quantification limit (10 S/N) as 1,500 zeptomoles per 500 nL (3 pM). Further, the improved AdTS technique was utilized to analyze blood serum samples from patients with breast cancer. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the improved technique can be used to detect a thiolprotein in very low sample volumes and can also prevent interferences during the washing and transferring step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail:
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Baloun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail:
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail:
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Trnkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
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HENARES TG, MIZUTANI F, SEKIZAWA R, HISAMOTO H. "Drop-and-Sip" Fluid Handling Technique for the Reagent-Release Capillary (RRC)-based Capillary-Assembled Microchip (CAs-CHIP): Sample Delivery Optimization and Reagent Release Behavior in RRC. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:127-32. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumio MIZUTANI
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | | | - Hideaki HISAMOTO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University
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35
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Sumitomo K, Yamaguchi Y. High performance RNA separation by in-capillary denaturing gel electrophoresis with carboxylic acid as RNA denaturant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2198/sbk.52.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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MIZUTANI F, KATO D, KURITA R, MIE Y, SATO Y, NIWA O. Highly-sensitive Biosensors with Chemically-amplified Responses. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.76.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Blas M, Delaunay N, Rocca JL. Electrochromatographic separation on a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/glass chip by integration of a capillary containing an acrylate monolithic stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:3043-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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38
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Inadumi S, Hisamoto H, Mizutani F. Capillary-assembled Microchip for the Electrochemical Determination of Glucose. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Henares TG, Funano SI, Terabe S, Mizutani F, Sekizawa R, Hisamoto H. Multiple enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system on a capillary-assembled microchip integrating valving and immuno-reaction functions. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:173-9. [PMID: 17418178 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 02/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) chip is developed by using capillary-assembled microchip (CAs-CHIP) technique, which involves simple embedding of 2-3mm length of square capillaries possessing valving and immuno-reaction functions into the microchannels fabricated on a PDMS substrate. In contrast to the previously reported ELISA chips, our system enables not only the flexible design of the multi-ELISA chip required for many different diagnostic purposes, but also the valving operation required for a reliable analysis. Here, a thermo-responsive polymer-immobilized capillary was used together with a small Peltier device, as a valving part, and different antibody-immobilized capillaries were used as immuno-reaction part. Sample solution and detecting reagent solutions were sequentially introduced through the valving capillary, and the valve is closed to completely stop the solution flow inside the immuno-reaction capillaries and detected using thermal lens microscope (TLM). Different anti-IgGs (human, goat, chicken) were immobilized and used as ELISA parts of CAs-CHIP. Sequential introductions of the mixed IgG solution, mixed enzyme-antibody solution and substrate solution facilitated the multiple determinations of 0.1 ng mL(-1) IgGs (human, goat, chicken) with total analysis time of about 30 min. The valve-integrated multi-ELISA chip developed here can be applied for many different diagnostic purposes by using different immuno-reaction capillaries necessary for a specific clinical diagnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence G Henares
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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