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Stolz R, Kolln AF, Rocha BC, Brinks A, Eagleton AM, Mendecki L, Vashisth H, Mirica KA. Epitaxial Self-Assembly of Interfaces of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electroanalytical Detection of Neurotransmitters. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13869-13883. [PMID: 36099649 PMCID: PMC9527791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper identifies the electrochemical properties of individual facets of anisotropic layered conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on M3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (M3(HHTP)2) (M = Co, Ni). The electroanalytical advantages of each facet are then applied toward the electrochemical detection of neurochemicals. By employing epitaxially controlled deposition of M3(HHTP)2 MOFs on electrodes, the contribution of the basal plane ({001} facets) and edge sites ({100} facets) of these MOFs can be individually determined using electrochemical characterization techniques. Despite having a lower observed heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, the {001} facets of the M3(HHTP)2 systems prove more selective and sensitive for the detection of dopamine than the {100} facets of the same MOF, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 9.9 ± 2 nM in phosphate-buffered saline and 214 ± 48 nM in a simulated cerebrospinal fluid. Langmuir isotherm studies accompanied by all-atom MD simulations suggested that the observed improvement in performance and selectivity is related to the adsorption characteristics of analytes on the basal plane versus edge sites of the MOF interfaces. This work establishes that the distinct crystallographic facets of 2D MOFs can be used to control the fundamental interactions between analyte and electrode, leading to tunable electrochemical properties by controlling their preferential orientation through self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
M. Stolz
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Anna F. Kolln
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Brunno C. Rocha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kingsbury Hall, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Anna Brinks
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Aileen M. Eagleton
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kingsbury Hall, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department
of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth
College, 41 College Street, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Garoz‐Ruiz J, Perales‐Rondon JV, Heras A, Colina A. Spectroelectrochemical Sensing: Current Trends and Challenges. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Garoz‐Ruiz
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
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Lines AM, Warner JD, Heineman WR, Clark SB, Bryan SA. Spectroelectrochemical Sensor for Spectroscopically Hard-to-detect Metals by in situ
Formation of a Luminescent Complex Using Ru(II) as a Model Compound. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Lines
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
- Department of Chemistry; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99163
| | - Joshua D. Warner
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | | | - Sue B. Clark
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
- Department of Chemistry; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99163
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
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Zhai Y, Zhu Z, Zhou S, Zhu C, Dong S. Recent advances in spectroelectrochemistry. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3089-3111. [PMID: 29379916 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two quite different techniques, conventional electrochemistry and spectroscopy, into spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provides a complete description of chemically driven electron transfer processes and redox events for different kinds of molecules and nanoparticles. SEC possesses interdisciplinary advantages and can further expand the scopes in the fields of analysis and other applications, emphasizing the hot issues of analytical chemistry, materials science, biophysics, chemical biology, and so on. Considering the past and future development of SEC, a review on the recent progress of SEC is presented and selected examples involving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), near-infrared (NIR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, as well as other SEC are summarized to fully demonstrate these techniques. In addition, the optically transparent electrodes and SEC cell design, and the typical applications of SEC in mechanism study, electrochromic device fabrication, sensing and protein study are fully introduced. Finally, the key issues, future perspectives and trends in the development of SEC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Lines AM, Adami SR, Casella AJ, Sinkov SI, Lumetta GJ, Bryan SA. Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Pu (III/IV) and (IV/VI) Couples in Nitric Acid Systems. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Lines
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Susan R. Adami
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Amanda J. Casella
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Sergey I. Sinkov
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Gregg J. Lumetta
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
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Mochizuki M, Nomura S, Inami K. Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid Analogs Containing a Nitrogen Atom in the Ring. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Imai K, Okazaki T, Hata N, Taguchi S, Sugawara K, Kuramitz H. Simultaneous Multiselective Spectroelectrochemical Fiber-Optic Sensor: Demonstration of the Concept Using Methylene Blue and Ferrocyanide. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2375-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504321u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Imai
- Department
of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Okazaki
- Department
of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Hata
- Department
of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taguchi
- Department
of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department
of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Walczyk K, Popkirov G, Schindler R. An Investigation by Diffusion Layer Imaging of Coupled Homogeneous Chemical Reactions of the Benzophenone Radical Anion in N,N-Dimethylformamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Kao JY, Wang CM. Electrochemical Study on Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Fe(II). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhou Y, Yan H, Xie Q, Huang S, Liu J, Li Z, Ma M, Yao S. Simultaneous analysis of dopamine and homovanillic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography with wall-jet/thin-layer electrochemical detection. Analyst 2013; 138:7246-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Abu EA, Bryan SA, Seliskar CJ, Heineman WR. Assessing a Spectroelectrochemical Sensor’s Performance for Detecting [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in Natural and Treated Water. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Skljarevski S, Peverly AA, Peters DG. Cyclic voltammetric and spectrophotometric investigation of the catalytic reduction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) by electrogenerated cobalt(I) salen in dimethylformamide saturated with carbon dioxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Schroll CA, Chatterjee S, Heineman WR, Bryan SA. Semi-Infinite Linear Diffusion Spectroelectrochemistry on an Aqueous Micro-Drop. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4214-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200551n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Schroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William R. Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Pragst F. Spektroelektrochemie und Elektrochemiechromie, zwei Grenzgebiete zwischen optischer Spektroskopie und Elektrochemie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19810210702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Xie QJ, Pang XY, Nie LH, Yao SZ. Piezoelectric transmission spectroelectrochemistry with a normal piezoelectric quartz crystal as an optically-transparent electrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19940120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Wilson RA, Pinyayev TS, Membreno N, Heineman WR. Rapid Prototyped Optically Transparent Thin-Layer Electrode Holder for Spectroelectrochemistry in Bench-Top Spectrophotometers. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Dong Y, Chi Y, zheng L, Zhang L, Chen L, Chen G. Spectroelectrochemistry for studying electrochemiluminescence mechanism. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Kuramitz H, Piruska A, Halsall HB, Seliskar CJ, Heineman WR. Simultaneous Multiselective Spectroelectrochemical Sensing of the Interaction between Protein and Its Ligand Using the Redox Dye Nile Blue as a Label. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9642-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801289t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Aigars Piruska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - H. Brian Halsall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Carl J. Seliskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - William R. Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, and Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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19
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Turk DJ, McClintock SA, Purdy WC. The Electrochemical Detection of Certain Tricyclic Drugs at Polymer Electrodes: A Preliminary Report. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718508064490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bratin
- a Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , 47907
| | - P. T. Kissinger
- a Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , 47907
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21
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Davis GC, Holland KL, Kissinger PT. Amperometric Methods for Oxidoreductase Enzymes Based on Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. Alcohol Dehydrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483917908060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Bartalitsx L, Nagy G, Pungor E. Determination of Enzyme Activity in Biological Fluids by Means of the Electrochemical Oxidation of NADH at a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718408065262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Yun KS, Joo S, Kim HJ, Kwak J, Yoon E. Silicon Micromachined Infrared Thin-Layer Cell for In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solvent System. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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van den Heuvel RHH, Fraaije MW, van Berkel WJH. Redox properties of vanillyl-alcohol oxidase. Methods Enzymol 2002; 353:177-86. [PMID: 12078493 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)53047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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25
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Yu JS, Yang C, Fang HQ. Variable thickness thin-layer cell for electrochemistry and in situ UV–VIS absorption, luminescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Shi Y, Slaterbeck AF, Seliskar CJ, Heineman WR. Spectroelectrochemical Sensing Based on Multimode Selectivity Simultaneously Achievable in a Single Device. 1. Demonstration of Concept with Ferricyanide. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970322u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - Andrew F. Slaterbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - Carl J. Seliskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - William R. Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
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27
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Gueutin C, Lexa D. Low temperature spectroelectrochemistry for the characterization of highly reduced σ-alkyl iron halogenated porphyrins. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Amarasinghe S, Ta-Yung C, Moberg P, Paul HJ, Tinoco F, Zook LA, Leddy J. Models for mediated reactions at film modified electrodes: controlled electrode potential. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00003-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Shimazu K, Yanagida M, Uosaki K. Simultaneous UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical and quartz crystal microgravimetric measurements during the redox reaction of viologens. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Fultz ML, Durst RA. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical study of copper bleomycin complexes. ELECTROANAL 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Harder SR, Feinberg BA, Ragsdale SW. A spectroelectrochemical cell designed for low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance titration of oxygen-sensitive proteins. Anal Biochem 1989; 181:283-7. [PMID: 2554761 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe an anaerobic titrator made virtually from glass with a small amount of high vacuum epoxy mounted directly to a quartz EPR tube. A complete titration may be carried out with as little as 600 microliters of sample. This cell features the anaerobic manipulation of an electrochemically poised solution from an electrochemical pouch to an EPR tube. The cell uses a gold foil working electrode and Ag/AgCl reference and counter electrodes. The reference and counter electrodes are isolated from the sample by leached Vycor glass. In the work reported here, we used this cell to determine the equilibrium redox potential of methyl viologen in an EPR titration. With methyl viologen as an indicator we found that the cell has a residual oxygen level of 1.5 microM with a leak rate of 0.005 nmol/min. After moving the solution into the EPR tube, freezing, performing EPR, and thawing, the potential of the methyl viologen solution drifted only 2 mV. During the titration, the poised potentials were stable, drifting only 1 mV/min. Formal potentials as low as -630 mV in a vitamin B12-type protein have been determined with this cell (S. R. Harder, W.-P. Lu, B. A. Feinberg, and S. W. Ragsdale (1989) Biochemistry, in press).
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Harder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53210
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Tolbert AM, Baldwin RP. Liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection of alditols and acidic sugars at a cobalt phthalocyanine-containing chemically modified electrode. ELECTROANAL 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Study on the electrode process of brilliant cresyl blue by optically transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(89)80125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sahlin M, Gräslund A, Petersson L, Ehrenberg A, Sjöberg BM. Reduced forms of the iron-containing small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 1989; 28:2618-25. [PMID: 2543447 DOI: 10.1021/bi00432a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The B2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli contains a stable tyrosyl free radical and an antiferromagnetically coupled dimeric iron center with high-spin ferric ions. The tyrosyl radical is an oxidized form of tyrosine-122. This study shows that the B2 protein has a fully reduced state, denoted reduced B2, characterized by a normal nonradical tyrosine-122 residue and a dimeric ferrous iron center. Reduced B2 can be formed either from active B2 by a three-electron reduction in the presence of suitable mediators or from apoB2 by addition of two equimolar amounts of ferrous ions in the absence of oxygen. The oxidized tyrosyl radical and the ferric iron center can be generated from reduced B2 by the admission of air. The tyrosyl radical can be selectively reduced by one-electron reduction in the presence of a suitable mediator, yielding metB2, a form that seems identical with the form resulting from treatment of active B2 with hydroxyurea. 1H NMR was used to characterize the paramagnetically shifted resonances associated with the reduced iron center. Prominent resonances were observed around 45 ppm (nonexchangeable with solvent) and 57 ppm (exchangeable with solvent) at 37 degrees C. From the temperature dependence of the chemical shifts of these resonances it was concluded that the ferrous ions in reduced B2 are only weakly, if at all, antiferromagnetically coupled. By comparison with data on the similar iron center of deoxyhemerythrin it is suggested that the 57 ppm resonance should be assigned to protons in histidine ligands of the iron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sahlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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Baranowska I, L̵apkowski M. Spectroelectrochemical study of the electrode reaction products of 2,2′-diquinoxalyl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(85)85063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Łapkowski M, Strojek J, Nemeth M, Mocak J. Minicomputer control of measurements of spectroelectrochemical processes. Anal Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Electrolysis of N-Heterocyclic Compounds (Part II). ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Electrochemical characteristics of electrodes coated with films of poly(vinyl-p-benzoquinone) and its copolymer with styrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(83)80544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Franklin TC, Ohta M. Voltammetric studies using a hyamine 2389—polystyrene-filmed electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(83)90105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fultz ML, Durst RA. Mediator compounds for the electrochemical study of biological redox systems: a compilation. Anal Chim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roullier L, Laviron E. Voltammetric behaviour of electrodes modified by a thick coating of a monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(82)85039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Waraszkiewicz SM, Milano EA, DiRubio R. Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lidocaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine injectable solutions. J Pharm Sci 1981; 70:1215-8. [PMID: 7299666 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600701109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure, which is specific and quantitative for lidocaine hydrochloride, epinephrine, and methylparaben, was developed for the analysis of lidocaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine solutions for injection. Epinephrine sulfonic acid and adrenochrome are separated in this system. Also separated are lidocaine and methylparaben and their respective degradation products, 2-6-xylidine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The analysis requires that three detectors (two UV and one electrochemical) be connected in series. By using this arrangement, lidocaine hydrochloride and methylparaben are quantitated by UV at 254 and 280 nm, respectively, while epinephrine is quantitated electrochemically. The method is simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. No sample preparation or internal standard is necessary, and only a 2-microliter sample volume is required for analysis. Chromatographic conditions include a mu Bondapak CN column and a mobile phase of 0.01 M 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.1 mM edetate disodium, 2% acetic acid, 2% acetonitrile, and 1% methanol in water.
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Steady-state mass transfer in radial flow-through thin layer cells—I. Reversible metal systems. Electrochim Acta 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(81)85112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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