1
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Urzúa SA, Sauceda-Oloño PY, García CD, Cooper CD. Predicting the Orientation of Adsorbed Proteins Steered with Electric Fields Using a Simple Electrostatic Model. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5231-5240. [PMID: 35819287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under the most common experimental conditions, the adsorption of proteins to solid surfaces is a spontaneous process that leads to a rather compact layer of randomly oriented molecules. However, controlling such orientation is critically important for the development of catalytic surfaces. In this regard, the use of electric fields is one of the most promising alternatives. Our work is motivated by experimental observations that show important differences in catalytic activity of a trypsin-covered surface, which depended on the applied potential during the adsorption. Even though adsorption results from the combination of several processes, we were able to determine that (under the selected conditions) mean-field electrostatics play a dominant role, determining the orientation and yielding a difference in catalytic activity. We simulated the electrostatic potential numerically, using an implicit-solvent model based on the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This was implemented in an extension of the code PyGBe that included an external electric field, and rendered the electrostatic component of the solvation free energy. Our model (extensions available at the Github repository) allowed estimating the overall affinity of the protein with the surface, and their most likely orientation as a function of the potential applied. Our results show that the active sites of trypsin are, on average, more exposed when the electric field is negative, which agrees with the experimental results of catalytic activity, and confirm the premise that electrostatic interactions can be used to control the orientation of adsorbed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Urzúa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile
| | - Perla Y Sauceda-Oloño
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Carlos D García
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Christopher D Cooper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile.,Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2390123, Chile
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2
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Integrating amino acid oxidase with photoresponsive probe: A fast quantitative readout platform of amino acid enantiomers. Talanta 2021; 224:121894. [PMID: 33379102 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost, high-throughput, broadly useful photoresponsive enantiomeric excess (ee) sensing of amino acids remains challenging to date. Herein, based on the selective oxidation reaction of amino acid oxidase (AAO) to amino acid enantiomers (D/L-AA) and the oxidation reaction of substrate (H2O2) with aromatic boronic ester, we put forward a photoresponsive strategy for the determination of D/L-AA at a certain concentration. In this scheme, the substrate H2O2 produced by the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was determined by sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric response of ethyl-3-(3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-2-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylate (HBT-PB) to reflect the enantiomeric content at a certain concentration. The photoresponsive probe HBT-PB was readily available and inexpensive with sensitive long-wavelength red fluorescence and colorimetric light response to H2O2, the detection limit (LOD) was estimated as 2.91 μM. The operation of the sensing method was simple and data collection and processing are straightforward. The practicability of the scheme was favorably confirmed by accurate and scientific analysis of methionine and Dopa samples. As a result, the scheme was not only suitable for high-throughput screening but also adaptable to low-cost and sensitive RGB colorimetric analysis platform (LOD of methionine and Dopa was calculated as 9.23 μM and 8.34 μM respectively) with modern plate readers, and possessed extremely high enantioselectivity and wide applicability which benefited from the specificity and efficiency of enzyme catalytic reaction.
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3
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Rosini E, D’Antona P, Pollegioni L. Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4574. [PMID: 32605078 PMCID: PMC7369756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.D.); (L.P.)
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4
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Trisrivirat D, Lawan N, Chenprakhon P, Matsui D, Asano Y, Chaiyen P. Mechanistic insights into the dual activities of the single active site of l-lysine oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11246-11261. [PMID: 32527725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Lysine oxidase/monooxygenase (l-LOX/MOG) from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813 catalyzes the mixed bioconversion of l-amino acids, particularly l-lysine, yielding an amide and carbon dioxide by an oxidative decarboxylation (i.e. apparent monooxygenation), as well as oxidative deamination (hydrolysis of oxidized product), resulting in α-keto acid, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ammonia. Here, using high-resolution MS and monitoring transient reaction kinetics with stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we identified the products from the reactions of l-lysine and l-ornithine, indicating that besides decarboxylating imino acids (i.e. 5-aminopentanamide from l-lysine), l-LOX/MOG also decarboxylates keto acids (5-aminopentanoic acid from l-lysine and 4-aminobutanoic acid from l-ornithine). The reaction of reduced enzyme and oxygen generated an imino acid and H2O2, with no detectable C4a-hydroperoxyflavin. Single-turnover reactions in which l-LOX/MOG was first reduced by l-lysine to form imino acid before mixing with various compounds revealed that under anaerobic conditions, only hydrolysis products are present. Similar results were obtained upon H2O2 addition after enzyme denaturation. H2O2 addition to active l-LOX/MOG resulted in formation of more 5-aminopentanoic acid, but not 5-aminopentamide, suggesting that H2O2 generated from l-LOX/MOG in situ can result in decarboxylation of the imino acid, yielding an amide product, and extra H2O2 resulted in decarboxylation only of keto acids. Molecular dynamics simulations and detection of charge transfer species suggested that interactions between the substrate and its binding site on l-LOX/MOG are important for imino acid decarboxylation. Structural analysis indicated that the flavoenzyme oxidases catalyzing decarboxylation of an imino acid all share a common plug loop configuration that may facilitate this decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangthip Trisrivirat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Narin Lawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pirom Chenprakhon
- Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand .,School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
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5
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Wu S, Zhou K, Wei W. Enzymatic determination of D-alanine using a cationic poly(fluorenylenephenylene) as the fluorescent probe and MnO2 nanosheets as quenchers. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:460. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Pundir C, Lata S, Narwal V. Biosensors for determination of D and L- amino acids: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:373-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Zheng J, Yang T, Zhou J, Xu M, Zhang X, Rao Z, Yang S. Efficient production of d-amino acid oxidase in Escherichia coli by a trade-off between its expression and biomass using N-terminal modification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:716-723. [PMID: 28711799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Native d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that is expressed mostly as inclusion body and its toxicity for E. coli hamper efficient heterologous expression. In this study, the soluble expression of DAAO from Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtDAAO) was improved in E. coli through N-terminal modification, but the cell biomass was decreased. Then a trade-off between DAAO expression and biomass was achieved to obtain the highest volumetric activity of DAAO through regulated the number of N-terminus histidine residues. When variant 2H3G was fused with three N-terminus histidine residues, the volumetric activity was increased by 3.1 times and the biomass was not significant change compared with the wild type. Finally, the N-terminus disordered region of RtDAAO (HSQK) was replaced with HHHG and the variant enzyme activity reached 80.7U/mL (with a 40 percent of inactive DAAO reduced) in a 7.5L fermenter in 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shangtian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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8
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Shoja Y, Rafati AA, Ghodsi J. Enzymatic biosensor based on entrapment of d-amino acid oxidase on gold nanofilm/MWCNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode by sol-gel network: Analytical applications for d-alanine in human serum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 100:20-27. [PMID: 28284308 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensing and determination of d-alanine is studied by using an enzymatic biosensor which was constructed on the basis of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) immobilization by sol-gel film onto glassy carbon electrode surface modified with nanocomposite of gold nanofilm (Au-NF) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The Au-NF/MWCNT nanocomposite was prepared by applying the potentiostatic technique for electrodeposition of Au-NF on the MWCNT immobilized on glassy carbon electrode surface. The modified electrode is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) techniques. The linear sweep voltammetry was used for determination of d-alanine and the results showed an excellent linear relationship between biosensor response and d-alanine concentration ranging from 0.25μM to 4.5μM with correction coefficient of 0.999 (n=20). Detection limit for the fabricated sensor was calculated about 20nM (for S/N=3) and sensitivity was about 56.1μAμM-1cm-2. The developed biosensor exhibited rapid and accurate response to d-alanine, a good stability (4 weeks) and an average recovery of 98.9% in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Shoja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Rafati
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 65174, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Javad Ghodsi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 65174, Hamedan, Iran
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9
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Immobilization of Genetically-Modified d-Amino Acid Oxidase and Catalase on Carbon Nanotubes to Improve the Catalytic Efficiency. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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10
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Caxico de Abreu F, Costa EEM. Electrochemical Detection Using an Engraved Microchip - Capillary Electrophoresis Platform. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Caxico de Abreu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Federal University of Alagoas; Maceio, Alagoas Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at San Antonio; UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Elton Elias M. Costa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Federal University of Alagoas; Maceio, Alagoas Brazil
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11
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Du K, Sun J, Song X, Song C, Feng W. Enhancement of the solubility and stability of D-amino acid oxidase by fusion to an elastin like polypeptide. J Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26216181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) was fused to D-amino acid oxidases (DAAO). ELP-DAAO exhibited a better solubility in aqueous solutions than DAAO, and its enzymatic activity is about 1.6 times that of DAAO. The stability of the proteins was investigated by interacting with urea at various concentrations. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra were measured. The results demonstrated that that ELP-DAAO exhibited a much better stability than DAAO, and ELP-DAAO has retained the α-helix content with a high percentage even at a high urea concentration. The results of this work have demonstrated that the ELP tag can be utilized to purify DAAO, in the meantime the solubility and stability of the enzyme are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Song
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cuidan Song
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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12
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Bhakta SA, Evans E, Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials for the development of biosensors and analytical devices: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:7-25. [PMID: 25892065 PMCID: PMC4405630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the biosensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to maximize interactions with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein-nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Tomás E Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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13
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Batalla P, Martín A, López MÁ, González MC, Escarpa A. Enzyme-Based Microfluidic Chip Coupled to Graphene Electrodes for the Detection of D-Amino Acid Enantiomer-Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5074-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Batalla
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aída Martín
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina González
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Najafi Chermahini A, Teimouri A, Farrokhpour H. A DFT-D study on the interaction between lactic acid and single-wall carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the adsorption of lactic acid molecule on the surface of (4,4), (5,5), (6,6) and (7,7) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Teimouri
- Chemistry Department
- Payame Noor University (PNU)
- Tehran 19395-4697
- Iran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- 84154-83111 Isfahan
- Iran
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15
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Sun J, Du K, Gao J, Li L, Ji P, Feng W. Functionalization of Magnetic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Mixed Surfactants for Enhancing Protein Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5015519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Kun Du
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jiang Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ling Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Peijun Ji
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wei Feng
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Department of Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
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16
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Bhakta SA, Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Immobilization of glucose oxidase to nanostructured films of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine). J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 430:351-6. [PMID: 24980481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A critical step for the development of biosensors is the immobilization of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. Among other materials that can be used as substrates, block copolymers have the untapped potential to provide significant advantages for the immobilization of proteins. To explore such possibility, this manuscript describes the fabrication and characterization of thin-films of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP). These films were then used to investigate the immobilization of glucose oxidase, a model enzyme for the development of biosensors. According to the results presented, the nanoporous films can provide significant increases in surface area of the substrate and the immobilization of larger amounts of active enzyme. The characterization of the substrate-enzyme interface discussed in the manuscript aims to provide critical information about relationship between the surface (material, geometry, and density of pores), the protein structure, and the immobilization conditions (pH, and protein concentration) required to improve the catalytic activity and stability of the enzymes. A maximum normalized activity of 3300±700 U m(-2) was achieved for the nanoporous film of PS-b-P2VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Tomas E Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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17
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Yoshimoto M, Okamoto M, Ujihashi K, Okita T. Selective oxidation of D-amino acids catalyzed by oligolamellar liposomes intercalated with D-amino acid oxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6180-6186. [PMID: 24821597 DOI: 10.1021/la500786m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) is structurally unstable and exhibits broad specificity to D-amino acids. In this work, we fabricated a stable liposomal DAO system with high apparent substrate specificity. Permeability of the membrane composed of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) was highly selective between the d-forms of alanine (Ala) and serine (Ser). The permeability coefficient of d-Ala and d-Ser at 25 °C was 3.59 and 0.27 pm/s, respectively, as determined with the dialysis method. On the other hand, the chiral environment of POPC membrane showed no clear selectivity between the enantiomers of Ala or Ser. POPC liposomes encapsulating DAO from porcine kidney selectively catalyzed the oxidation of hydrophobic D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) over D-Ala and D-Ser because of their intrinsic membrane permeability. As a different type of liposomal DAO, the enzyme molecules were conjugated to the surface of activated lipids-bearing liposomes. The activity of liposome-conjugated DAO showed significantly higher stability at 50 °C than free DAO at low enzyme concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 mg/L. Then, the DAO-conjugated liposomes were coated with POPC bilayers to give the oligolamellar structure intercalated with the DAO molecules. The additional bilayers allowed to induce the permeability resistance-based substrate specificity and strengthened the stabilizing effect on the DAO activity. The oligolamellar liposomes fabricated can be a colloidal platform for integrating the functions of lipid membrane to stabilize DAO and to modulate its substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Yamaguchi University , 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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Herrera E, Giacomelli CE. Surface coverage dictates the surface bio-activity of d-amino acid oxidase. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:296-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gao K, Chen G, Wu D. A DFT study on the interaction between glycine molecules/radicals and the (8, 0) SiCNT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17988-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical structures, energetics and electronic properties of glycine molecules as well as dehydrogenated radical interaction with silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) are investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Shantou University
- Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Shantou University
- Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, P. R. China
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20
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Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of nanostructured optically transparent carbon electrodes. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1998-2006. [PMID: 23595607 PMCID: PMC3860877 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the results related to the optical and electrochemical characterization of thin carbon films fabricated by spin coating and pyrolysis of AZ P4330-RS photoresist. The goal of this paper is to provide comprehensive information allowing for the rational selection of the conditions to fabricate optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCE) with specific electrooptical properties. According to our results, these electrodes could be appropriate choices as electrochemical transducers to monitor electrophoretic separations. At the core of this manuscript is the development and critical evaluation of a new optical model to calculate the thickness of the OTCE by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Such data were complemented with topography and roughness (obtained by atomic force microscopy), electrochemical properties (obtained by cyclic voltammetry), electrical properties (obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and structural composition (obtained by Raman spectroscopy). Although the described OTCE were used as substrates to investigate the effect of electrode potential on the real-time adsorption of proteins by ellipsometry, these results could enable the development of other biosensors that can be then integrated into various CE platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E. Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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21
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Li L, Lin R, He H, Jiang L, Gao M. Interaction of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes with bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 105:45-51. [PMID: 23291228 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNTs) were synthesized prosperously in order to improve dispersion of raw carbon nanotubes. Then, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the template protein to study the biocompatibility of c-SWNTs by UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods at the molecular level. Results from fluorescence spectrum showed obvious decreases in fluorescence intensity of BSA induced by c-SWNTs, indicating the occurrence of interaction between BSA and c-SWNTs. Static quenching effect of c-SWNTs was verified by linear Stern-Volmer plots and K(SV) values. Thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures demonstrated that the interaction between c-SWNTs and BSA was mainly favored by hydrophobic force. In addition, Na(+) interfered with the quenching effect of c-SWNTs, which revealed that electrostatic force played a role in binding roles of BSA to c-SWNTs simultaneously. The results of UV and synchronous fluorescence spectrum validated that hydrophobicity of amino acid residues expressly increased with the addition of c-SWNTs. The content of α-helix structure in BSA decreased by 14.06% with c-SWNTs viewed from CD spectrum. Effect of SWNTs on the conformation of BSA could be controlled by the surface chemistry of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Alharthi SA, Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Ultrathin optically transparent carbon electrodes produced from layers of adsorbed proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3320-3327. [PMID: 23421732 PMCID: PMC3601777 DOI: 10.1021/la3049136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a simple, versatile, and inexpensive procedure to prepare optically transparent carbon electrodes, using proteins as precursors. Upon adsorption, the protein-coated substrates were pyrolyzed under reductive conditions (5% H2) to form ultrathin, conductive electrodes. Because proteins spontaneously adsorb to interfaces forming uniform layers, the proposed method does not require a precise control of the preparation conditions, specialized instrumentation, or expensive precursors. The resulting electrodes were characterized by a combination of electrochemical, optical, and spectroscopic means. As a proof-of-concept, the optically transparent electrodes were also used as substrate for the development of an electrochemical glucose biosensor. The proposed films represent a convenient alternative to more sophisticated, and less available, carbon-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, these films could be formed on a variety of substrates, without classical limitations of size or shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos D. Garcia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. Ph: (210) 458-5774, Fax: (210) 458-7428,
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Computational, electrochemical, and spectroscopic, studies of acetycholinesterase covalently attached to carbon nanotubes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 103:624-9. [PMID: 23274156 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes results related to the characterization of electrodes modified with a composite of acetylcholinesterase covalently bound to carbon nanotubes (CNT). The characterization was performed by computational methods and complemented by cyclic voltammetry, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In-silico simulations enabled the identification of the binding site and the calculation of the interaction energy. Besides complementing the computational studies, experimental results obtained by cyclic voltammetry showed that the addition of CNT to the surface of electrodes yielded significant increases in effective area and greatly facilitated the electron transfer reactions. These results are also in agreement with impedance spectroscopy data, which indicated a high apparent rate constant, even after the immobilization of the enzyme. These results lend new information about the physical and chemical properties of biointerfaces at the molecular level, specifically about the mechanism and consequences of the interaction of a model enzyme with CNT.
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Abstract
Recent developments in materials, surface modifications, separation schemes, detection systems and associated instrumentation have allowed significant advances in the performance of lab-on-a-chip devices. These devices, also referred to as micro total analysis systems (µTAS), offer great versatility, high throughput, short analysis time, low cost and, more importantly, performance that is comparable to standard bench-top instrumentation. To date, µTAS have demonstrated advantages in a significant number of fields including biochemical, pharmaceutical, military and environmental. Perhaps most importantly, µTAS represent excellent platforms to introduce students to microfabrication and nanotechnology, bridging chemistry with other fields, such as engineering and biology, enabling the integration of various skills and curricular concepts. Considering the advantages of the technology and the potential impact to society, our research program aims to address the need for simpler, more affordable, faster and portable devices to measure biologically active compounds. Specifically, the program is focused on the development and characterization of a series of novel strategies towards the realization of integrated microanalytical devices. One key aspect of our research projects is that the developed analytical strategies must be compatible with each other; therefore, enabling their use in integrated devices. The program combines spectroscopy, surface chemistry, capillary electrophoresis, electrochemical detection and nanomaterials. This article discusses some of the most recent results obtained in two main areas of emphasis: capillary electrophoresis, microchip-capillary electrophoresis, electrochemical detection and interaction of proteins with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Khan R, Gorski W, Garcia CD. Nanomolar Detection of Glutamate at a Biosensor Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2011; 23:2357-2363. [PMID: 22735259 PMCID: PMC3379819 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The amperometric glutamate biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes containing carbon nanotubes (CNT), and its integration in a flow injection analysis system, is described herein. The sensor was fabricated by simply adsorbing enzyme glutamate oxidase (GlutOx) on a commercial substrate containing multi-wall CNT. The resulting device displayed excellent electroanalytical properties toward the determination of L-glutamate in a wide linear range (0.01-10 μM) with low detection limit (10 nM, S/N≥3), fast response time (≤5 s), and good operational and long-term stability. The CNT modified screen-printed electrodes have a potential to be of general interest for designing of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Khan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Waldemar Gorski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
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Nejadnik MR, Deepak FL, Garcia CD. Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase to 3-D Scaffolds of Carbon Nanotubes: Analytical Applications. ELECTROANAL 2011; 23:1462-1469. [PMID: 22735356 PMCID: PMC3380380 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to focus on the potential use of carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds as enzyme immobilization substrates for analytical purposes. Besides all the well-known advantages of CNT, three-dimensional scaffolds can significantly increase the amount of enzymes adsorbed per unit area, preserve the catalytic activity of the adsorbed molecules, and allow effective exposure to substrates present in the adjacent medium. Additionally, our results indicate that the sensitivity of analytical probes based on enzyme-loaded CNT scaffolds is proportional to the thickness of the scaffold providing 3-fold sensitivity improvements with respect to the control surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
| | - Francis L. Deepak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
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28
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Noncovalent and covalent functionalization of a (5, 0) single-walled carbon nanotube with alanine and alanine radicals. J Mol Model 2011; 18:771-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scida K, Stege PW, Haby G, Messina GA, García CD. Recent applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in analytical chemistry: critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 691:6-17. [PMID: 21458626 PMCID: PMC3088727 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the advantages and limitations of carbon-based nanomaterials with respect to analytical chemistry. Aiming to illustrate the impact of nanomaterials on the development of novel analytical applications, developments reported in the 2005-2010 period have been included and divided into sample preparation, separation, and detection. Within each section, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials will be addressed specifically. Although only briefly discussed, included is a section highlighting nanomaterials with interesting catalytic properties that can be used in the design of future devices for analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Scida
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Patricia W. Stege
- INQUISAL, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National University of San Luis – CONICET, Chacabuco y Pedernera. D5700BWS. San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabrielle Haby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Germán A. Messina
- INQUISAL, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National University of San Luis – CONICET, Chacabuco y Pedernera. D5700BWS. San Luis, Argentina
| | - Carlos D. García
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
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New biotech applications from evolved D-amino acid oxidases. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:276-83. [PMID: 21397351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a well-known flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidative deamination of amino acid D-isomers with absolute stereospecificity, which results in α-keto acids, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Recently, the extraordinary functional plasticity of DAAO has become evident; in turn, boosting research on this flavoprotein. Protein engineering has allowed for a redesign of DAAO substrate specificity, oxygen affinity, cofactor binding, stability, and oligomeric state. We review recent developments in utilizing DAAO, including as a biocatalyst for resolving racemic amino acid mixtures, as a tool for biosensing, and as a new mechanism of herbicide resistance. Perspectives for future biotechnological applications of this oxidative biocatalyst are also outlined.
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31
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Chumbimuni-Torres KY, Coronado RE, Mfuh AM, Castro-Guerrero C, Silva MF, Negrete GR, Bizios R, Garcia CD. Adsorption of Proteins to Thin-Films of PDMS and Its Effect on the Adhesion of Human Endothelial Cells. RSC Adv 2011; 1:706-714. [PMID: 25068038 DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a simple and inexpensive procedure to produce thin-films of poly(dimethylsiloxane). Such films were characterized by a variety of techniques (ellipsometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic force microscopy, and goniometry) and used to investigate the adsorption kinetics of three model proteins (fibrinogen, collagen type-I, and bovine serum albumin) under different conditions. The information collected from the protein adsorption studies was then used to investigate the adhesion of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. The results of these studies suggest that these films can be used to model the surface properties of microdevices fabricated with commercial PDMS. Moreover, the paper provides guidelines to efficiently attach cells in BioMEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon E Coronado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Adelphe M Mfuh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Silva
- School of Agronomic Sciences - IBAM-CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio
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Study on the decrease of renal d-amino acid oxidase activity in the rat after renal ischemia by chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis. Amino Acids 2010; 42:337-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Felhofer JL, Caranto JD, Garcia CD. Adsorption kinetics of catalase to thin films of carbon nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17178-83. [PMID: 20945910 PMCID: PMC3033603 DOI: 10.1021/la103035n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption conditions used to immobilize catalase onto thin films of carbon nanotubes were investigated to elucidate the conditions that produced films with maximum amounts of active catalase. The adsorption kinetics were monitored by spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the immobilized catalase films were then assayed for catalytic activity. The development of a volumetric optical model used to interpret the ellipsometric data is discussed. According to the results herein discussed, not only the adsorbed amount but also the initial adsorption rates determine the final catalytic activity of the adsorbed layer. The results described in this paper have direct implications on the rational design and analytical performance of enzymatic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Felhofer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Caranto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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34
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Nejadnik MR, Garcia CD. Staining proteins: a simple method to increase the sensitivity of ellipsometric measurements in adsorption studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 82:253-7. [PMID: 20833003 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a simple way to improve the sensitivity of spectroscopic ellipsometry, when applied to monitor the adsorption of proteins to solid surfaces. The method described herein is based on the reaction of a commercially available dye (Coomassie brilliant blue G) with the adsorbed proteins and the subsequent analysis by spectroscopic ellipsometry. In order to demonstrate the potential advantages of this method, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin to an antifouling coating was also investigated. According to our results, the modification with the dye significantly affects the optical properties of the adsorbed protein layer, which can be represented using a simple optical model (Lorentz). In general, the proposed modification increases the sensitivity of the detection by 2.5 ± 0.4-fold and enables the analysis of thin layers of adsorbed protein not obtainable by conventional methods. These results particularly reveal the importance of the proposed modification for the evaluation of low adsorbing substrates and antifouling coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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35
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Abstract
Different strategies used to biofunctionalize CNTs with proteins, from direct physical adsorption on pristine CNTs to chemical treatments to achieve covalent interaction, are described. The discussion is focused on the consequences of the adsorption process on the structure and properties of both proteins and CNTs. On this base, recent developments in CNTs-proteins based biosensors (electrochemical and optical) and drug delivery systems are reviewed.
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Mora MF, Nejadnik MR, Baylon-Cardiel JL, Giacomelli CE, Garcia CD. Determination of a setup correction function to obtain adsorption kinetic data at stagnation point flow conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:208-15. [PMID: 20219204 PMCID: PMC2892644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the first report on the characterization of the hydrodynamic conditions in a flow cell designed to study adsorption processes by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The resulting cell enables combining the advantages of in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry with stagnation point flow conditions. An additional advantage is that the proposed cell features a fixed position of the "inlet tube" with respect to the substrate, thus facilitating the alignment of multiple substrates. Theoretical calculations were performed by computational fluid dynamics and compared with experimental data (adsorption kinetics) obtained for the adsorption of polyethylene glycol to silica under a variety of experimental conditions. Additionally, a simple methodology to correct experimental data for errors associated with the size of the measured spot and for variations of mass transfer in the vicinity of the stagnation point is herein introduced. The proposed correction method would allow researchers to reasonably estimate the adsorption kinetics at the stagnation point and quantitatively compare their results, even when using different experimental setups. The applicability of the proposed correction function was verified by evaluating the kinetics of protein adsorption under different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Mora
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio
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37
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Soetedjo H, Mora MF, Garcia CD. Optical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films Deposited on Si/SiO(2) Wafers. THIN SOLID FILMS 2010; 518:3954-3959. [PMID: 20514350 PMCID: PMC2877216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a set of simple experiments performed to develop an optical model to describe Si/SiO(2) substrates coated with two transparent films of carbon nanotubes. The final goal is to use such optical model to investigate the interaction of proteins with carbon nanotubes. Experiments were performed to assess light reflection as a function of the wavelength or angle of incidence using two substrates (same material, different amounts) composed of oxidized carbon nanotubes. The experimental results indicate that the selected carbon nanotubes layers are anisotropic and significantly different from each other. Experiments performed by spectroscopic ellipsometry (as a function of the wavelength and incident angle) enabled the development of an Effective Medium Approximation model consisting in a two-fraction phase (arc-evaporated carbon and void space). Furthermore, the model enabled calculating the amount of protein adsorbed on the surface of the carbon nanotubes film.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria F. Mora
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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38
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Carot ML, Torresi RM, Garcia CD, Esplandiu MJ, Giacomelli CE. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions involved in CNT biofunctionalization with short ss-DNA. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2010; 114:4459-4465. [PMID: 20563224 PMCID: PMC2885715 DOI: 10.1021/jp9085359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work is aimed at studying the adsorption mechanism of short chain 20-mer pyrimidinic homo-ss-DNA (oligodeoxyribonucleotide, ODN: polyC(20) and polyT(20)) onto CNT by reflectometry. To analyze the experimental data, the effective-medium theory using the Bruggemann approximation represents a suitable optical model to account for the surface properties (roughness, thickness and optical constants) and the size of the adsorbate. Systematic information about the involved interactions is obtained by changing the physico-chemical properties of the system. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are evaluated by comparing the adsorption on hydrophobic CNT and on hydrophilic silica and by modulating the ionic strength with and without Mg(2+). The ODN adsorption process on CNT is driven by hydrophobic interactions only when the electrostatic repulsion is suppressed. The adsorption mode results in ODN molecules in a side-on orientation with the bases (non-polar region) towards the surface. This unfavorable orientation is partially reverse by adding Mg(2+). On the other hand, the adsorption on silica is dominated by the strong repulsive electrostatic interaction that is screened at high ionic strength or mediated by Mg(2+). The cation-mediated process induces the interaction of the phosphate backbone (polar region) with the surface, leaving the bases free for hybridization. Although the general adsorption behavior of the pyrimidine bases is the same, polyC(20) presents higher affinity for the CNT surface due to its acid-base properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucrecia Carot
- INFIQC. Departamento de Fisicoquímica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. (5000) Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Roberto M. Torresi
- Instituto de Química. Universidade de São Paulo.CP 26077 - 05513-970. São Paulo. Brazil
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry. The University of Texas at San Antonio. One UTSA Circle. San Antonio. TX 78249. USA
| | - Maria Jose Esplandiu
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors. Departament de Química. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Edifici C. Campus de la UAB. 08193. Bellaterra. Cerdanyola del Vallés. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Carla E. Giacomelli
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 54-351-4334169/54-351-4334180. Fax: 54-351-4334188.
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Wehmeyer JL, Synowicki R, Bizios R, García CD. Dynamic Adsorption of Albumin on Nanostructured TiO(2)Thin Films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:277-282. [PMID: 21461339 PMCID: PMC3065784 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the optical properties of thin (<5 nm) films of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO(2)). These films were then used to investigate the dynamic adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA, a model protein), as a function of protein concentration, pH, and ionic strength. Experimental results were analyzed by an optical model and revealed that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving force behind the adsorption process, resulting in up to 3.5 mg/m(2) of albumin adsorbed to nanostructured TiO(2). The measured thickness of the adsorbed BSA layer (less than 4 nm) supports the possibility that spreading of the protein molecules on the material surface occurred. Conformational changes of adsorbed proteins are important because they may subsequently lead to either accessibility or inaccessibility of bioactive sites which are ligands for cell interaction and function relevant to physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Wehmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Ron Synowicki
- J. A. Woollam Co., Inc. 645 M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508
| | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Carlos D. García
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
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Tsai TW, Heckert G, Neves LF, Tan Y, Kao DY, Harrison RG, Resasco DE, Schmidtke DW. Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase onto Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application in Layer-By-Layer Biosensors. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7917-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900650r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Tsai
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Gustavo Heckert
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Luís F. Neves
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Yongqiang Tan
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Der-You Kao
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - David W. Schmidtke
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, and School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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Puleo DA, Bizios R. Investigating Protein Adsorption via Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS ON MATERIALS SURFACES 2009. [PMCID: PMC7121108 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-98161-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, the basic concepts behind ellipsometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry are discussed along with some instrument details. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures changes in the reflectance and phase difference between the parallel (RP) and perpendicular (RS) components of a polarized light beam upon reflection from a surface. Aside from providing a simple, sensitive, and nondestructive way to analyze thin films, ellipsometry allows dynamic studies of film growth (thickness and optical constants) with a time resolution that is relevant to biomedical research. The present chapter intends to introduce ellipsometry as an emerging but highly promising technique, that is useful to elucidate the interactions of proteins with solid surfaces. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on experimental details related to the development of biomedically relevant conjugated surfaces. Results from our group related to adsorption of proteins to nanostructured materials, as well as results published by other research groups, are discussed to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the technique.
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Wang J, Xu X, Zhang Z, Yang F, Yang X. Real-Time Study of Genomic DNA Structural Changes upon Interaction with Small Molecules Using Dual-Polarization Interferometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4914-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
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