1
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Lubman DM. David M. Lubman-The University of Michigan-A retrospective in research. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:643-651. [PMID: 34289523 PMCID: PMC8903096 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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2
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Ye H, Liu Y, Xie W, Lin X, Pan H. Ag nanoparticles/PbTiO 3 with in-situ photocatalytic process and its application in an ultra-sensitive molecularly imprinted hemoglobin detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112641. [PMID: 35724600 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on loading molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) on the material surface can improve the specificity towards the object. In this work, a T-shaped PbTiO3 with a high active-exposed (110) facet was prepared by a hydrothermal process. Then, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) modified T-shaped PbTiO3 was obtained by in-situ photocatalytic reduced method under UV irradiation, where a hetero-junction was formed with a well lattice matching between the (111) facet of Ag0 and the (110) facet of PbTiO3. A MIPs modified by Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/PbTiO3 (MAP) electrodes was prepared via electro polymerization process by o-Phenylenediamine (o-PD) in the presence of the template molecule, bovine hemoglobin (BHb), i.e., the detected molecule. The response peak current and concentration of BHb is demonstrated with a good linear relationship in the range of 0.00294-0.41 nM (R2 =0.98), and the detection limit at 0.23 pM (S/N = 3). A heterojunction between Ag NPs and high- active facet of PbTiO3 is beneficial to oxidizing electroactive material ([Fe (CN)6]3-/4-), generating more BHb-imprinting cavities on the modified electrode and improving the sensitivity of sensor. The electrochemical sensor is with a simple, stable structure and high sensitivity to BHb detection. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied to detect BHb in the bovine serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Ye
- College of Chemistry, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National & Local Joint Biomeidical Engineering Research Center on Phototodynamics Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Yongguan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National & Local Joint Biomeidical Engineering Research Center on Phototodynamics Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Xie
- College of Chemistry, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National & Local Joint Biomeidical Engineering Research Center on Phototodynamics Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Xing Lin
- College of Chemistry, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National & Local Joint Biomeidical Engineering Research Center on Phototodynamics Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Haibo Pan
- College of Chemistry, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National & Local Joint Biomeidical Engineering Research Center on Phototodynamics Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Lab of Eco-Industrial Green Technology (Wuyi University), Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, PR China.
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3
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Hamidli N, Andrasi M, Nagy C, Gaspar A. Analysis of intact proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to mass spectromery using uncoated and coated capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462448. [PMID: 34392123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although, in general, the application of coated capillaries is recommended for the separation of intact proteins, bare silica capillary is still the most often used capillary due to its simplicity and cheapness. In this work, the performance of bare fused silica capillary for intact protein analysis was compared to that of different (dynamically coated polybrene (PB) and permanently coated linear polyacrylamide (LPA)) coated capillaries using capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (CZE-MS). In cases where low pH (pH=1.8) was used in bare silica capillaries, good precision (0.56-0.78 RSD% and 1.7-6.5 RSD% for migration times and peak areas, respectively), minimal adsorption and separation efficiency (N= 27 000/m - 322 000/m) similar to or even better than those obtained with the coated capillaries (created by an intricate multi-step process) was achieved. The PB and the LPA capillaries demonstrated their slightly better resolving power in terms of separating the different forms/variants of the same protein (e.g., hemoglobin subunits). Among the studied capillaries the one with LPA coating showed the most stable separations in the long term (n=25: 0.18-0.49 RSD% and 3.1-4.9 RSD% for migration times and peak areas, respectively). For the separation of a few proteins or even a larger number of proteins in biological samples (e.g., snake venom) the application of the simple and cheap bare fused silica capillary can be considered as an efficient choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hamidli
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M Andrasi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - C Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Gaspar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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4
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Mokaddem M, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A. Online Capillary IsoElectric Focusing-ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIEF-ESI MS) in Glycerol-Water Media for the Separation and Characterization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1466:57-66. [PMID: 27473481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4014-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) is a high-resolution technique for the separation of ampholytes, such as proteins, according to their isoelectric point. CIEF coupled online with MS is regarded as a promising alternative to 2-D PAGE for fast proteome analysis with high-resolving capabilities and enhanced structural information without the drawbacks of conventional slab-gel electrophoresis. However, online coupling has been rarely described, as it presents some difficulties. A new methodology for the online coupling of CIEF with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been developed in glycerol-water media. This new integrated methodology provides a mean for the characterization of a large number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokaddem
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France
- INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (n° 1022), Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France
- INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (n° 1022), Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France.
- INSERM, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (n° 1022), Paris, 75005, France.
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé UMR 8258, Paris, 75005, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Paris, 75005, France.
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5
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Insight into the stability of poly(diallydimethylammoniumchloride) and polybrene poly cationic coatings in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Tan L, Zheng X, Chen L, Wang Y. Quality testing of human albumin by capillary electrophoresis using thermally cross-linked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-coated fused-silica capillary. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2974-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei P.R. China
| | - Xiajun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei P.R. China
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7
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Lokajová J, Railila A, King AW, Wiedmer SK. Determination of the distribution constants of aromatic compounds and steroids in biphasic micellar phosphonium ionic liquid/aqueous buffer systems by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Tan L, Xing JX, Cao FH, Chen LJ, Zhang C, Shi RH, Wang YM. Synthesis of double-hydrophilic double-grafted copolymers PMA-g-PEG/PDMA and their protein-resistant properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Moini M. High-throughput capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: from analysis of amino acids to analysis of protein complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:79-119. [PMID: 23386339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) interfacing using porous tip is leading to commercialization of CE-MS with a sheathless interface for the first time. The new sheathless interface in conjunction with CE capillary coatings using self-coating background electrolytes (BGE) has significantly simplified CE-MS analysis of complex mixtures. CE-MS, with its high separation efficiency, compound identification capability, and ability to rapidly separate compounds with a wide range of mass and charge while consuming only nanoliters of samples, has become a valuable analytical technique for the analysis of complex biological mixtures. These advances have allowed a single capillary to analyze a range of compounds including amino acids, their D/L enantiomers, protein digests, intact proteins, and protein complexes. With these capabilities, CE-MS is poised to become the multipurpose tool of separation scientists. More recently, an eight-capillary CE in conjunction with an 8-inlet mass spectrometry has allowed 8 CE-MS analyses to be performed concurrently, significantly increasing throughput.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/chemistry
- Amino Acids/isolation & purification
- Animals
- Coordination Complexes/chemistry
- Coordination Complexes/isolation & purification
- Crown Ethers
- Electrolytes/chemistry
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards
- Erythrocytes/chemistry
- Humans
- Limit of Detection
- Metalloproteins/chemistry
- Metalloproteins/isolation & purification
- Multiprotein Complexes/isolation & purification
- Porosity
- Reference Standards
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/standards
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moini
- Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, USA.
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10
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Nehmé R, Perrin C. Highly charged polyelectrolyte coatings to prevent adsorption during protein and peptide analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:191-206. [PMID: 23386345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an interesting technique for protein and peptide analysis. However, one of the major problems concerns sample adsorption on the internal capillary wall. The use of non-covalent coatings using highly charged polyelectrolytes is an efficient, simple, and fast approach to reduce peptide and protein adsorption phenomena. We have studied in a systematic manner the effect of coating conditions on the stability and efficiency of multilayer coatings using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) as polycation and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as polyanion. When optimal conditions defined in the protocols are used, very stable coatings are obtained and adsorption phenomena are eliminated. The coatings are stable over a large range of pH buffer (2-10) and in the presence of organic solvent. Hundreds of analyses can be performed without coating regeneration. Coated capillaries can be easily stored and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
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11
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Chingin K, Astorga-Wells J, Pirmoradian Najafabadi M, Lavold T, Zubarev RA. Separation of Polypeptides by Isoelectric Point Focusing in Electrospray-Friendly Solution Using a Multiple-Junction Capillary Fractionator. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6856-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chingin
- Department of Medical
Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Scheeles väg 2, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Astorga-Wells
- Department of Medical
Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Scheeles väg 2, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Biomotif AB, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Mohammad Pirmoradian Najafabadi
- Department of Medical
Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Scheeles väg 2, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Biomotif AB, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medical
Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Scheeles väg 2, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Zhou D, Xiang L, Zeng R, Cao F, Zhu X, Wang Y. Graft copolymer composed of cationic backbone and bottle brush-like side chains as a physically adsorbed coating for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3441-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Cao F, Zhu X, Luo Z, Xing J, Shi X, Wang Y, Cheradame H. A novel cationic triblock copolymer as noncovalent coating for the separation of proteins by CE. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2874-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Zhou D, Tan L, Xiang L, Zeng R, Cao F, Zhu X, Wang Y. Brush-like copolymer as a physically adsorbed coating for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1738-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Bohoyo D, Le Potier I, Rivière C, Klafki H, Wiltfang J, Taverna M. A quantitative CE method to analyse tau protein isoforms using coated fused silica capillaries. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1090-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Mokaddem M, Gareil P, Varenne A. Online CIEF-ESI-MS in glycerol-water media with a view to hydrophobic protein applications. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:4040-8. [PMID: 19960468 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new online coupling of CIEF with ESI-MS has been developed in glycerol-water media. This improved protocol provides: (i) the electric continuity during the whole analysis by a discontinuous filling of the capillary with 60:40 (cm/cm) catholyte/proteins-ampholyte mixture; (ii) the use of an anticonvective medium, i.e. 30:70 glycerol/water, v/v, compatible with MS detection and as an aid to hydrophobic protein solubilization and (iii) the use of unmodified bare fused-silica capillaries, as the glycerol/water medium strongly reduces EOF. Focusing was performed in positive polarity and cathodic mobilization was achieved by both voltage and pressure application. The setup was optimized with respect to analysis time, sensitivity and precision on pI determination. The optimized anolyte and catholyte were composed of 50 mM formic acid/1 mM glutamic acid (pH 2.35) and 100 mM NH(3)/1 mM lysine (pH 10.6), respectively. The effects of ampholyte concentration, focusing time and ESI parameters were presented for model proteins and discussed. This new integrated protocol should be an easy and effective additional tool in the field of proteome analysis, providing a means for the characterization of a large number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokaddem
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Electrolytes, Colloïdes et Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS-UPMC, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 75231 Paris, France
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17
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Huhn C, Ramautar R, Wuhrer M, Somsen GW. Relevance and use of capillary coatings in capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:297-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Ahmed FE. The role of capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry to proteome analysis and biomarker discovery. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1963-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Sebastiano R, Mendieta ME, Contiello N, Citterio A, Righetti PG. An N-methylpolyvinylpyridinium cationic polymer for capillary coating in electrophoresis of proteins and peptides. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2313-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Danger G, Pascal R, Cottet H. Non-uniform surface charge distributions in CE: Theoretical and experimental approach based on Taylor dispersion. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4226-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Nehmé R, Perrin C, Cottet H, Blanchin MD, Fabre H. Influence of polyelectrolyte coating conditions on capillary coating stability and separation efficiency in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Lucy CA, MacDonald AM, Gulcev MD. Non-covalent capillary coatings for protein separations in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:81-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Ullsten S, Zuberovic A, Bergquist J. Adsorbed cationic polymer coatings for enhanced capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry of proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:631-646. [PMID: 18392587 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry (MS) constitutes a powerful microanalytical system for the analysis of biological samples. The anionic and hydrophobic surface of the fused-silica capillary is, however, known to cause severe analyte-wall interactions in protein analysis. In order to control surface properties and eliminate protein adsorption, a capillary coating can be applied. A fast and simple strategy is to coat the anionic capillary with a cationic polymer via multisite electrostatic interaction. This generates a stable deactivation layer, without the need for addition of coating agent to the background electrolyte solution. This chapter reviews the present knowledge of capillary coatings and especially cationic polymers in CE-MS, and describes the synthesis of a cationic polymer, PolyE-323, for deactivation of fused-silica capillaries. The capillary coating procedure is a simple three-step rinsing protocol comprising deprotonation of surface silanol groups using a base, adsorption of polymer, and a final rinse to remove excess polymer not adsorbed to the surface. As a result of the simplicity of the coating procedure, highly reproducible coatings can be prepared with little or no expert skills. Some practical aspects on using cationic-coated capillaries in CE-MS protein analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ullsten
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Fu X, Huang L, Gao F, Li W, Pang N, Zhai M, Liu H, Wu M. Carboxymethyl chitosan-coated capillary and its application in CE of proteins. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1958-63. [PMID: 17487918 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic basic polysaccharide, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as a capillary coating is presented with a simple preparation procedure. The CMC-coated capillary showed a long lifetime of more than 100 runs, and had good tolerance to some organic solvents, 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, and 5 M urea. The run-to-run, day-to-day, and capillary-to-capillary RSDs for the CMC-coated capillary were all below 2.0% for the determination of EOF. Moreover, the coatings with different concentrations and molecular weights of CMC were also investigated. The CMC-coated capillary was successfully applied to separate basic proteins and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Furthermore, several experimental parameters, such as the concentration and pH of the running buffer, temperature, and applied voltage, were optimized for the separation of rhEPO glycoforms. Comparison of an uncoated capillary with chitosan- and CMC-coated capillaries for the separation of rhEPO glycoforms was also discussed. The results demonstrated that rhEPO glycoforms can be well separated by a CMC-coated capillary within 8 min with good reproducibility and resolution. Finally, the volatile BGE HAc-NH4Ac was utilized to separate rhEPO for its further application with CE-MS, achieving a satisfactory result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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26
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Robb CS. Applications of Physically Adsorbed Polymer Coatings in Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Robb
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
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27
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Danger G, Ramonda M, Cottet H. Control of the EOF in CE using polyelectrolytes of different charge densities. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:925-31. [PMID: 17309049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The control of the EOF direction and magnitude remains one of the more challenging issues for the optimization of separations in CE. In this work, we investigated the possibility to use variously charged polyanions for a fine-tuning of the EOF using polyelectrolyte multilayers. For that purpose, polyanions of poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (PAMAMPS) with different chemical charge rates varying between 3 and 100% were used. These copolymers are statistic hydrophilic copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS). The study of the influence of the chemical charge rate (AMPS molar proportion in the copolymer) on the electroosmotic mobility (mu(eo)) of a capillary modified by a polyelectrolyte bilayer (polycation/PAMAMPS) revealed that the fine-tuning of the EOF was possible, at least for cathodic or slightly anodic EOF (micro(eo) from -5 x 10(-5) to +35 x 10(-5) cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)). Electroosmotic mobility values were compared with the free-draining electrophoretic mobilities of the PAMAMPS constituting the last layer of the capillary coating. The stability of the EOF is discussed in detail on the basis of successive determinations of electroosmotic mobility and migration times. The application to the separation of a model peptide mixture demonstrated the interest (and the simplicity) of this approach for optimizing resolution and analysis time. Experimental resolutions were compared to the theoretical ones that we would obtain on a fused-silica capillary having the same EOF as the coated capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Danger
- Institut Max Mousseron, Université Montpellier 1,Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, France
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28
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Garza S, Chang S, Moini M. Simplifying capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry operation: eliminating capillary derivatization by using self-coating background electrolytes. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:14-21. [PMID: 17335833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To simplify capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) operation, a background electrolyte (BGE) containing a polymer additive is introduced that allows the analysis of peptides and protein mixtures in underivatized fused-silica capillaries without any pretreatment, thereby increasing throughput. The most important characteristic of these polymer additives is that they do not significantly suppress the signals of the proteins and peptides under electrospray ionization, thereby allowing them to be used as an additive to common BGEs that are used for CE-MS analysis of peptide and protein mixtures. In addition, because the fused-silica capillary inner wall is continuously coated with the polymer additive, migration irreproducibility, due to the degradation of the capillary inner wall coating, under CE-MS is minimized. High sensitivity of detection, migration reproducibility, and ease of fabrication allow CE-MS analyses that require long analysis time, such as (CE-MS/MS)n, to be performed with ease. The utility of this background electrolyte has been demonstrated for the analysis of complex protein digests and intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selynda Garza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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29
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Catai JR, Toraño JS, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry of proteins at medium pH using bilayer-coated capillaries. Analyst 2007; 132:75-81. [PMID: 17180183 DOI: 10.1039/b607178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using noncovalently bilayer-coated capillaries for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) of acidic proteins was investigated using background electrolytes (BGEs) of medium pH. The capillary was coated by successively rinsing the capillary with solutions of the oppositely charged polymers polybrene (PB) and poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) (PVS). Volatile BGEs containing ammonium formate and/or N-methyl morpholine were tested at pH 7.5 and 8.5. Overall, these BGEs provided relatively fast protein separations (analysis times of ca. 12 min) and showed high efficiencies (70,000-300,000 plates) when the ionic strength was sufficiently high. Migration-time reproducibilities were very favorable with RSDs of less than 1.0%. Infusion experiments showed satisfactory MS responses for studied proteins dissolved in ammonium formate (pH 8.5), however, high concentrations of N-methyl morpholine appeared to seriously suppress the MS protein signals. Evaluation of the CE-MS system was performed by analyzing a mixture of intact proteins yielding efficient separations and good-quality mass spectra. CE-MS analysis of a reconstituted formulation of the biopharmaceutical recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) which was stored for a prolonged time, revealed one degradation product which was provisionally identified as desamido rhGH. Based on the MS responses the amount of degradation was estimated to be ca. 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Catai
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Catai JR, Toraño JS, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Efficient and highly reproducible capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of peptides using Polybrene-poly(vinyl sulfonate)-coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2091-9. [PMID: 16736451 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potential of capillaries noncovalently coated with a bilayer of oppositely charged polymers for the analysis of peptides by CE-MS was investigated. Bilayer coatings were produced by subsequently rinsing fused-silica capillaries with a solution of Polybrene (PB) and poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS). The PB-PVS coating showed to be fully compatible with MS detection causing no ionization suppression or background signals. The bilayer coating provided a considerable EOF at low pH, thereby facilitating the fast separation of peptides using a BGE of formic acid (pH 2.5). Under optimized CE-MS conditions, for enkephalin peptides high separation efficiencies were obtained with plate numbers in the range of 300,000-500,000. It is demonstrated that both the cancellation of the hydrodynamic capillary flow induced by the nebulizer gas and a sufficiently high-data acquisition rate are crucial for achieving these efficiencies. The overall performance of the CE-MS system using PB-PVS-coated capillaries was evaluated by the analysis of a tryptic digest of cytochrome c. The system provided an efficient separation of the peptide mixture, which could be effectively monitored by MS/MS detection allowing identification of at least 13 peptides within a time interval of 1.5 min. In addition, the PB-PVS coating proved to be very consistent yielding stable CE-MS patterns with highly favorable migration time reproducibilities (RSDs < 1% over a 3-day period).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Catai
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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31
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Wang J, Zhou S, Huang W, Liu Y, Cheng C, Lu X, Cheng J. CE-based analysis of hemoglobin and its applications in clinical analysis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3108-24. [PMID: 16838286 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the developments and trends in CE including CIEF, CZE, MEKC, two-dimensional conjunction of CIEF-capillary gel electrophoresis, and MEKC-CZE on microfluidic devices coupled to different detection approaches, such as UV absorbance, LIF, MS, and chemiluminescence etc. for performing analysis of hemoglobin (Hb), also with an emphasis on its applications in clinical analysis. Analysis of human Hb is of important clinical sense for numerous hemoglobinopathies associated with the congenital defects and abnormal contents of Hb. The diversiform modes render CE a comprehensive primary clinical tool for Hb analysis, which is rapid, sensitive, high-resolution, and not labor-intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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32
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Stutz H. Advances in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray-mass spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1254-90. [PMID: 15776483 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High throughput, outstanding certainty in peptide/protein identification, exceptional resolution, and quantitative information are essential pillars in proteome research. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to meet these requirements. Soft ionization techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), have paved the way for the story of success of CE-MS in the analysis of biomolecules and both approaches are subject of discussion in this article. Meanwhile, CE-MS is far away from representing a homogeneous field. Therefore the review will cover a vast area including the coupling of different modes of CE (capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric foscusing, capillary electrochromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis) to MS as well as on-line preconcentration techniques (transient capillary isotachophoresis, solid-phase extraction, membrane preconcentration) applied to compensate for restricted detection sensitivity. Special attention is given to improvements in interfacing, namely addressing nanospray and coaxial sheath liquid design. Peptide mapping, collision-induced dissociation with subsequent tandem MS, and amendments in mass accuracy of instruments improve information validity gained from MS data. With 2-D on-line coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) and CE a further topic will be discussed. A special section is dedicated to recent attempts in establishing CE-ESI-MS in proteomics, in the clinical and diagnostic field, and in the food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Stutz
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry, Salzburg, Austria.
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33
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Catai JR, Tervahauta HA, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Noncovalently bilayer-coated capillaries for efficient and reproducible analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1083:185-92. [PMID: 16078706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of noncovalently bilayer-coated capillaries for the analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis (CE) at medium pH was investigated. Fused-silica capillaries were coated simply by successively flushing with a polybrene (PB) and a poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) solution. A protein test mixture was used to evaluate the performance of the coated capillaries. Comparisons with bare fused-silica capillaries were made. Several background electrolytes (BGEs) were tested in combination with the PB-PVS coating, showing that optimum performance was obtained for the proteins using high BGE concentrations. With a 300 mM Tris phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), good plate numbers (150,000-300,000), symmetrical peaks, and favorable migration-time repeatabilities (RSDs below 0.8%) were obtained for the proteins. Using bare fused-silica capillaries, the protein peaks were significantly broadened and the migration-time RSDs often exceeded 5%. It is concluded that the PB-PVS coating effectively minimizes adverse protein adsorption and provides a very stable electroosmotic flow (EOF). We also investigated the potential of a commercially available bilayer coating (CEofix) for protein analysis. It is demonstrated that with this coating, good plate numbers and peak symmetries for proteins can be achieved when the CEofix BGE ("accelerator") is replaced by a common BGE such as sodium or Tris phosphate. Apparently, the negatively charged polymer present in the "accelerator" interacts with the proteins causing band broadening. The utility of the bilayer coatings is further illustrated by the separation of proteins such as interferon-alpha 2b, myoglobin and carbonic anhydrase, by the analysis of a degraded insulin sample in time, and by the profiling of the glycoprotein ovalbumin. In addition, it is demonstrated that even in the presence of concentrations of human serum albumin in the sample of up to 60 mg/mL, the PB-PVS coating still provides reproducible protein separations of good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Catai
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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34
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Bianchi F, Careri M, Corradini C. Novel approach for the rapid determination of water-soluble organic acids in wine by co-electroosmotic flow capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:898-904. [PMID: 16013815 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An innovative protocol for the fast analysis of some organic acids in red wine by co-electroosmotic capillary zone electrophoresis and indirect UV detection using hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) as coating agent was proposed. The adsorption of HDB onto the capillary wall provided a stable electroosmotic flow and separation of small anions was carried out using background electrolytes containing no polymer additive. Low RSD% values (<3.6%) in terms of migration times and effective mobilities were obtained from the analysis of a mixture of nitrate and nitrite and of a mixture of organic acids. An experimental design approach was used to investigate the effects of temperature, separation voltage, and percentage of methanol added to the running buffer solution on the separation of the analytes. A faster method allowing the separation of the organic acids involved in the malolactic fermentation of wine was developed. Using a running electrolyte consisting of 35% (v/v) methanol in a solution of 22 mM benzoic acid at pH 6.10 adjusted with 1.0 M TRIS-base buffer, the separation of tartaric, malic, succinic, acetic, and lactic acids was feasible in less than 210 s. Application of the method to the quantification of the above-mentioned organic acids in Italian red wine samples is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 1-43100 Parma, Italy
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35
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Dobashi S, Kira M, Tanaka R, Izawa Y, Deguchi Y, Kubota T, Wada A, Hara M. Rapid Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Gas Phase with Resonance-enhanced Two-photon Ionization: Optimal Injection of Ions into the Ion-trap Storage/Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1111-5. [PMID: 16363482 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
LI-IT-TOFMS (laser ionization/ion-trap storage/time-of-flight mass spectrometry) is expected to be a powerful tool for environmental monitoring. In the research reported here, real-time LI-IT-TOFMS measurements were carried out on gaseous 2-4 chlorinated PCBs in order to evaluate the applicability of an environmental monitoring method. With respect to ion-trap storage for PCBs, we found that the effect was due to the driving RF voltage on the ring electrode in the ion trap. For PCBs ions produced by laser irradiation, we observed that it was more efficient to reach the center of the ion trap by using a gated RF voltage rather than by using a continuous RF voltage. The ion trajectories in the ion trap were simulated by SIMION 7.0. We found that the voltage of the exit end cap electrode affected both the number of ions trapped and the orbit of ions inside the trap cell. Optimization of this parameter was performed using both simulated and experimental results. The achievable PCBs sensitivity for real-time (1 min) measurement using the LI-IT-TOFMS method was found to be in the pptV range (<0.01 mg/m3N) by means of a comparison with the conventional gas sampling/GS-MS method. A satisfactory proportional relationship was confirmed between the laser-based and conventional results.
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36
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Ullsten S, Zuberovic A, Wetterhall M, Hardenborg E, Markides KE, Bergquist J. A polyamine coating for enhanced capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:2090-2099. [PMID: 15237410 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for enhanced capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) of proteins is presented. The use of a newly presented capillary coating, PolyE-323, provided fast separations of typically a few minutes with high efficiency, good deactivation, and no bleeding into the mass spectrometer. Capillaries coated with PolyE-323 showed high stability over a range of pH 2-10, and tolerance towards methanol and acetonitrile, two modifiers commonly used in CE-ESI-MS. Due to the speed and simplicity of the coating procedure, the polymeric surface could, if necessary, easily be regenerated. This capability is especially valuable when working with samples of complex matrix, where a capillary surface cleaning step might be desired in order to eliminate possible memory effects. The potential of PolyE-323-coated capillaries in bioanalysis using CE-ESI-MS was demonstrated by analyzing peptides and proteins up to 66 kDa using time of flight (TOF)-MS. Due to the stable, anodal electroosmotic flow generated by the coating, the use of a sheathless ESI interface was enabled, demonstrated in peptide analysis with attomole sensitivity. The fast on-line CE-ESI-TOF system using PolyE-323-coated capillaries provided efficient separation and detection of a large number of peaks in a short time, exemplified by the analysis of a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The capability of the developed capillary surface coating was demonstrated by the separation of human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ullsten
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aida Zuberovic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wetterhall
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilia Hardenborg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin E Markides
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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DOBASHI S, DEGUCHI Y, FUKUDA N, KIRA M, TANAKA R, IZAWA Y, KUBOTA T. On-line monitoring method of PCBs by laser ionization dynamic trapping time of flight mass spectrometry. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro DEGUCHI
- Advanced Technology Research Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
| | | | - Masaharu KIRA
- Machinery Headquarters, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
| | - Ryuichiro TANAKA
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works
| | - Yoshinori IZAWA
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works
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38
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Hardenborg E, Zuberovic A, Ullsten S, Söderberg L, Heldin E, Markides KE. Novel polyamine coating providing non-covalent deactivation and reversed electroosmotic flow of fused-silica capillaries for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1003:217-21. [PMID: 12899312 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new polycationic coating for use in capillary electrophoresis has been developed that enables chemical modification of fused-silica capillary surfaces for analysis of compounds like basic proteins. The cationic polyamine, containing short aliphatic blocks of combined 2 and 3-carbon length, was physically adsorbed onto the negatively charged fused-silica surface through ionic interaction by flushing the capillary with a polyamine solution, followed by a self-stabilization step. The polyamine coated capillaries generated an anodal electroosmotic flow that was independent of pH in the investigated range of pH 4-8. The capillary performance was demonstrated by fast separations of basic proteins with peak efficiencies in the range of 265,000-584,000 plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Hardenborg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Yang WC, Macka M, Haddad PR. Biopolymer-coated fused silica capillaries for high magnitude cathodic or anodic electro-osmotic flows in capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Shui W, Yu Y, Xu X, Huang Z, Xu G, Yang P. Micro-electrospray with stainless steel emitters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:1541-1547. [PMID: 12845578 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The physical processes underlying micro-electrospray (micro-ES) performance were investigated using a stainless steel (SS) emitter with a blunt tip. Sheathless micro-ES could be generated at a blunt SS tip without any tapering or sanding if ESI conditions were optimized. The Taylor cone was found to shrink around the inner diameter of the SS tubing, which permitted a low flow rate of 150 nL/min for sheathless microspray on the blunt tip (100 microm i.d. x 400 microm o.d.). It is believed that the wettability and/or hydrophobicity of SS tips are responsible for their micro-ES performance. The outlet orifice was further nipped to reduce the size of the spray cone and limit the flow rate to 50-150 nL/min, resulting in peptide detection down to attomole quantities consumed per spectrum. The SS emitter was also integrated into a polymethylmethacrylate microchip and demonstrated satisfactory performance in the analysis and identification of a myoglobin digest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Shui
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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41
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Neusüss C, Pelzing M, Macht M. A robust approach for the analysis of peptides in the low femtomole range by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:3149-59. [PMID: 12298087 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:18<3149::aid-elps3149>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) approach has been developed for routine application in proteomic studies. Robustness of the coupling is achieved by using a standard coaxial sheath-flow sprayer. Thereby, greater stability than nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry coupling of sheathless capillary electrophoresis or nanoliquid chromatography (nano-LC) is achieved, resulting in stable operation for several weeks and unattended overnight sequences. The applied sheath flow is reduced to 1-2 microL/min in order to increase sensitivity. Standard peptides and those of digests of standard proteins and gel-separated proteins can be detected in the low femtomole range (full scan and MS/MS). Detection limits are found to be as low as 500 amol. Low femtomole amounts are required for unequivocal identification by MS/MS experiments in the ion trap and subsequent database search. By applying a simple pH-mediated stacking the concentration sensitivity can be lowered to some tens of fmol/microL (nM), depending on capillary size. This sensitivity is close to published values for sheathless CE-MS and nano-LC-MS, respectively (a comparison to reference values is presented). Moreover, with capillaries of about 50 cm in length separations in less than 10 min are possible resulting in a throughput of up to four analyses per hour. This is a factor of 4-12 times faster than nano-LC separation, being the state-of-the-art techniques for proteomic studies.
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42
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Tran NT, Cabanes-Macheteau M, Taverna M. Chapter 20 Analysis of glycoproteins and their glycopeptide and glycan fragments by electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Lin C, Gulbis B, Delobbe E, Robberecht P, Cotton F, Fontaine B, Vertongen F. Could capillary zone electrophoresis of tryptic peptides be used for the characterization of hemoglobin variants? Hemoglobin 2001; 25:259-72. [PMID: 11570719 DOI: 10.1081/hem-100105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present article describes a simple and rapid new peptide mapping procedure that could be used to assist identification of rare hemoglobin variants in clinical laboratories. Four hemoglobin variants were taken as example, namely Hb D-Ouled Rabah, Hb Marseille, Hb G-Philadelphia, and Hb Ube-2, and isolated by electrophoresis at alkaline pH. The globin chains were aminoethylated and, after tryptic digestion, the peptides were separated by a capillary zone electrophoresis method. Highly reproducible migration times of the peptides were obtained with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of less than 1 and 2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hĵpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Abstract
This review article describes the preparation of dynamic and static polymeric wall coatings for capillary electrophoresis. Properties of bare fused-silica surfaces and methods for the characterization of capillary coatings are summarized. The preparation and basic properties of neutral and charged wall coatings are considered. Finally, advantages and potential applications of various coatings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horvath
- Molecular Dynamics Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA.
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45
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Zand R, Jin X, Kim J, Wall DB, Gould R, Lubman DM. Studies of posttranslational modifications in spiny dogfish myelin basic protein. Neurochem Res 2001; 26:539-47. [PMID: 11513482 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010921230859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine whether nonmammalian myelin basic protein contained charge isomers resulting from extensive posttranslational modifications as seen in mammalian MBP. Four charge isomer components from dogfish MBP have been isolated. These forms arise by phosphorylation and deamidation modifications. Components C1, C2 and C3 have been characterized. We are currently characterizing component C8. Dogfish MBP is less cationic than mammalian MBP and has about 50% lower mobility on a basic pH gel electrophoresis relative to human and to bovine MBP. The mammalian component C1, which is unmodified, is modified in the dogfish by phosphorylation. The reduced electrophoretic mobility is largely attributable to the charge reduction resulting from phosphorylation in serine 72, 83, and 120 or 121 in C1, and C3. In component C2, two or three phosphate groups were distributed among residues 134, 138 and 139. It was found that dogfish amino acid residue 30 was a lysine residue and not a glutamate residue as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zand
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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46
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Le Potier I, Taverna M, Fattal E, Benzaki J, Chevalier M, Ferrier D. Performance evaluation of capillary surface treatments for peptide mapping by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Abstract
In this review, the progress in hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) since the article of Banks (Banks, J. F., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2255-2266) is reported. In all capillary-based electromigration techniques, such as capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), capillary isoelectric focussing (CIEF), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), as well as in the hybrid techniques capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) progress has been made in experimental setups, and for many groups of analytes, such as peptides, proteins, nucleotides, saccharides, drugs and their metabolites, CE/ESI-MS has been successfully applied. Electromigration is further miniaturized. New preconcentration methods allow the investigation of compounds, which are not sensitively detected with ESI-MS. Coordination ion spray (CIS) MS is another method for sensitivity enhancement by on-line formation of charged coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A von Brocke
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Germany
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48
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49
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Chong BE, Kim J, Lubman DM, Tiedje JM, Kathariou S. Use of non-porous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for protein profiling and isolation of proteins induced by temperature variations for Siberian permafrost bacteria with identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 748:167-77. [PMID: 11092596 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-porous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-RP-HPLC) has been used to separate and isolate proteins from whole cell lysates of ED 7-3, a bacterium from the buried Siberian permafrost sediment. The proteins collected from the liquid eluent of this separation were then analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). In order to study the differences in expression of cold-shock proteins (CSPs) at different growth temperatures, cultures of the ED 7-3 strain were prepared at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The goals of this work were twofold: firstly, to identify the presence of CSPs and other proteins that are highly expressed at 4 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C; and secondly, to isolate these proteins for MALDI-TOF-MS and CE-ESI-MS identification. In this initial work, distinct protein profiles were observed for these cultures as a function of temperature. Fraction collection from the eluent of NP-RP-HPLC of some of the highly expressed proteins was performed and the proteins were mass analyzed for molecular mass. Peptide maps of the proteins were generated by tryptic digestion and were analyzed by CE-ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS for database identification of the expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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50
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Abstract
Analyses of proteins in complex mixtures such as cell lyzates are presently performed mainly by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For structural analysis, each protein in a spot is digested with proteases and the fragment peptides are subjected to Edman sequencing and/or mass spectrometry. These works aim at the total analysis of proteins in a complex mixture and reconstruction of their cooperative functions. Genomic studies are now being combined with these proteomic studies. This review article focuses on the application of capillary electrophoresis aiming at the total analysis of complex protein systems or structural analysis of each separated protein. From this viewpoint, articles on capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, and sieving SDS capillary electrophoresis are reviewed. Since these techniques of capillary electrophoresis have been thoroughly reviewed previously, papers published in 1997 and 1998 are mainly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama-City, Japan.
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