1
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Das A, Justin Thomas KR. Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400193. [PMID: 38546345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross-coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C-H functionalization of aryl substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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2
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Yang M, Meng YX, Mehfooz H, Zhao YL. Visible light-promoted [3+2] cyclization reaction of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5407-5410. [PMID: 38683050 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced [3+2] cyclization of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed for the first time. In this transformation, perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides are firstly employed as a carbon radical precursor under visible light irradiation, providing a new and efficient method for the construction of perfluoroalkyl-substituted 1-pyrrolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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3
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Zuo HD, Chen X, Yuan YY, Zhang Y, Liu JW, Yan SH, Hao WJ, Jiang B. Photocatalytic Bicyclization of Indole-Tethered 1,6-Enynes for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2,1- jk]carbazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3810-3815. [PMID: 38678579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven photocatalytic protocol is established for the diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazoles via a radical-triggered multicomponent bicyclization reaction starting from readily available indole-tethered 1,6-enynes and α-benzyl-α-bromomalonates under mild conditions. This photocatalytic approach exhibits a wide substrate compatibility and excellent tolerability toward various functional groups and boasts the benefit of efficient ring formation and chemical bond creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Dong Zuo
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Ya-Yu Yuan
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jian-Wu Liu
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Sheng-Hu Yan
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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4
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Xiao J, Wu H, Liang JR, Wu P, Guo C, Wang YW, Wang ZY, Peng Y. Photocatalytic Tandem Radical Cyclization Enables Expeditious Total Synthesis of Epoxyhinokiol Analogues for Anticancer Activity Evaluation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3481-3486. [PMID: 38240748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic radical cascade with an unusual endo-trig cyclization was developed, which enables the efficient assembly of divergent tricyclic diterpenoid frameworks. The first total synthesis of abietane 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol was thus achieved in six steps by a subsequent reductive coupling of i-PrBr under photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. Inhibitory tests of chiral 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol and its analogues in 4T1 cancer cells demonstrated the critical role of the C12 hydroxyl group, leading to a discovery of the simplified analogue with better activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Liang
- Spin-X Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511422, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Chen Guo
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Spin-X Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511422, P. R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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5
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Xiao RX, Tian T, Yang TY, Lan MX, Lv S, Mou XQ, Chen YZ, Cui BD. 2,2'-Bipyridine-Enabled Photocatalytic Radical [4+2] Cyclization of N-Aryl-α-amino Acids for Synthesizing Polysubstituted Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2024; 26:3195-3201. [PMID: 38563798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A facile photocatalytic radical [4+2] cyclization of N-aryl-α-amino acids with various alkenes to access structurally polysubstituted tetrahydroquinolines has been developed. Using a simple bipyridine as a catalyst, different N-aryl-α-amino acids could be utilized as the radical precursors to react with diverse electrophilic alkenes, including exocyclic terminal alkenes, acyclic terminal alkenes, and cycloalkenes, producing 10 types of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds fused in multiple frameworks in generally moderate yields with good diastereoselectivities. Scale-up synthesis and transformations of the products further demonstrated the synthetic application of this protocol. Moreover, a decarboxylative radial pathway via a proton-coupled electron transfer process for illustration of this [4+2] cyclization was proposed on the basis of the control experiments. This process is highlighted by a simple bipyridine photocatalysis, mild reaction conditions, various N-aryl-α-amino acids and alkene materials, and application for the modification of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ting-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shuo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xue-Qing Mou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Zhou N, Zhao F, Wang L, Gao X, Zhao X, Zhang M. Visible-Light-Induced Regioselective Cascade Radical Cyclization of α-Bromocarbonyls: Access to Benzazepine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2238-2246. [PMID: 38296256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced regioselective cascade radical cyclization of α-bromocarbonyls for the synthesis of benzazepine derivatives is described. In the presence of fac-Ir(ppy)3 (2.0 mol %) as a photocatalyst, 2,6-lutidine as a base, and dichloromethane as a solvent, the reactions proceed smoothly to afford seven-membered rings in good yields. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the generation of the α-carbon radical is more prone to react with the 1,1-diphenylethylene tethered acrylamide to generate the stable seven-membered heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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7
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He M, Shi C, Luo M, Yang C, Guo L, Zhao Y, Xia W. Visible-Light-Driven Multicomponent Diamination and Oxyamination of Alkene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1967-1979. [PMID: 38241611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an effective method for the synthesis of 2-alkoxyamides and 1,2-diamines through visible-light-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes. N-Aminopyridinium salts were employed as appropriate precursors to generate key amidyl radical intermediates via a photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET) process. The amidyl radicals would react with alkenes, followed by oxidation and nucleophilic addition. Excellent functional group tolerance and good yields demonstrate the synthetic potential of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping He
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengqi Luo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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8
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Bokosi FRB, Shiels OJ, Richardson C, Trevitt AJ, Keaveney ST. Divergent Reactivity of 1,2,3-Benzotriazin-4(3 H)-ones: Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3-Substituted Isoindolinones Achieved through a Nitrogen-Mediated Hydrogen Atom Shift. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1836-1845. [PMID: 38226655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A regioselective visible-light-mediated denitrogenative alkene insertion of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones was developed to access 3-substituted isoindolinones, an important structural motif present in many biologically active molecules and natural products. Notably, divergent reactivity was achieved by switching from reported nickel catalysis (where C3-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones form) to photocatalysis, where photocatalytic denitrogenation and a subsequent nitrogen-mediated hydrogen atom shift lead to exclusive 3-substituted isoindolinone formation. The developed photocatalytic reaction is compatible with activated terminal alkenes and cyclic α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones, with wide functional group tolerance for N-substitution of the 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones. The utility of this procedure is highlighted by a gram-scale synthesis and postsynthetic amidation. To understand the origin of this unique product selectivity, experimental and computational mechanistic studies were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fostino R B Bokosi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher Richardson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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9
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Chawla R, Singh AK, Dutta PK. Arylazo sulfones: multifaceted photochemical reagents and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:869-893. [PMID: 38196324 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The photochemical action of arylazo sulfones under visible light irradiation has recently gained considerable attention for the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in organic synthesis. The inherent dyedauxiliary group (-N2SO2R) embedded in the reagent is responsible for the absorption of visible light even in the absence of a photocatalyst, additive or oxidant, leading to the generation of three different radicals, viz. aryl (carbon-centred), sulfonyl (sulphur-centred) and diazenyl (nitrogen-centred) radicals, under different reaction conditions. Encountering a reagent with such a versatile behaviour is quite rare, which makes arylazo sulfones a highly interesting class of compounds. The mild reaction conditions under which these reagents can operate are an added advantage. Recently, they are also being used as non-ionic photoacid generators (PAGs), electron acceptors, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and imination reagents in a number of synthetic transformations. They have displayed substantial damaging effect on the structure of DNA in the presence of light which can lead to their use as phototoxic pharmaceuticals for cancer treatment. Moreover, their photochemistry is also being exploited in polymerization reactions (as photoinitiators) and in materials chemistry (surface modification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Chawla
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| | - Atul K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Pradip K Dutta
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
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Pandey S, Kamal A, Kushwaha AK, Singh HK, Maury SK, Singh S. Photo-triggered C-arylation of active-methylene compounds with diazonium salts via an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1136-1139. [PMID: 38189089 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of the C-arylation of active methylene compounds under visible light conditions without a photocatalyst presents an intellectual challenge. The photo-induced C-arylation of active methylene compounds via electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes shows a strategic path for the synthesis of pharmacologically relevant compounds. This expansive and efficacious methodology facilitates C-arylation under environmentally conscientious conditions, exhibiting exemplary compatibility with diverse functional groups and yielding numerous compounds. This environmentally sustainable transformation underscores the merits of the procedural simplicity and benign reaction conditions. Notably, all resultant products were judiciously derived from active methylene compounds and diazonium salts through the intermediacy of the EDA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
| | - Arsala Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
| | - Ambuj Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
| | - Himanshu Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Maury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
| | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India.
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11
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Wu Z, Zhai S, Luo M, Dong Q, Wu S, Zheng M. Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Carbocarboxylation of Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of γ-Amino Carboxylic Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301069. [PMID: 38234110 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free heterogeneous protocol is established herein for the synthesis of value-added γ-amino acid scaffolds via carbocarboxylation of alkenes with CO2 and alkylamines under visible light irradiation. The protocol shows broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and good stability of the catalyst for recycle tests. Moreover, the methodology could be feasible to the late-stage derivatization of several natural products, enriching the chemical arsenal for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Senmao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Quan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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12
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Whitaker W, Sazanovich IV, Kwon Y, Jeon W, Kwon MS, Orr-Ewing AJ. Characterization of the Reversible Intersystem Crossing Dynamics of Organic Photocatalysts Using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10775-10788. [PMID: 38096377 PMCID: PMC10758116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are molecules of interest as homogeneous organic photocatalysts (OPCs) for photoredox chemistry. Here, three classes of OPC candidates are studied in dichloromethane (DCM) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions, using transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. These OPCs are benzophenones with either carbazole (2Cz-BP and 2tCz-BP) or phenoxazine/phenothiazine (2PXZ-BP and 2PTZ-BP) appended groups and the dicyanobenzene derivative 4DP-IPN. Dual lifetimes of the S1 state populations are observed, consistent with reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and TADF emission. Example fluorescence lifetimes in DCM are (5.18 ± 0.01) ns and (6.22 ± 1.27) μs for 2Cz-BP, (1.38 ± 0.01) ns and (0.32 ± 0.01) μs for 2PXZ-BP, and (2.97 ± 0.01) ns and (62.0 ± 5.8) μs for 4DP-IPN. From ground state bleach recoveries and time-correlated single photon counting measurements, triplet quantum yields in DCM are estimated to be 0.62 ± 0.16, 0.04 ± 0.01, and 0.83 ± 0.02 for 2Cz-BP, 2PXZ-BP, and 4DP-IPN, respectively. 4DP-IPN displays similar photophysical behavior to the previously studied OPC 4Cz-IPN. Independent of the choice of solvent, 4DP-IPN, 2Cz-BP, and 2tCz-BP are shown to be TADF emitters, whereas emission by 2PXZ-BP and 2PTZ-BP depends on the molecular environment, with TADF emission enhanced in aggregates compared to monomers. Behavior of this type is representative of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Whitaker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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13
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Jaiswal S, Giri A, Mandal D, Sarkar M, Patra A. UV-to-NIR Harvesting Conjugated Porous Polymer Nanocomposite: Upconversion and Plasmon Expedited Thioether Photooxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312910. [PMID: 37823846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysts capable of harvesting a broad range of the solar spectrum are essential for sustainable chemical transformations and environmental remediation. Herein, we have integrated NIR-absorbing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) with UV-Vis absorbing conjugated porous organic polymer (POP) through the in situ multicomponent C-C coupling to fabricate a UC-POP nanocomposite. The light-harvesting ability of UC-POP is further augmented by loading plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNP) into UC-POP. A three-times enhancement in the upconversion luminescence is observed upon the incorporation of AuNP in UC-POP, subsequently boosting the photocatalytic activity of UC-POP-Au. The spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical investigations infer the enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of thioethers, including mustard gas simulant by UC-POP-Au compared to POP and UC-POP due to the facile electron-hole pair generation, suppressed exciton recombination, and efficient charge carrier migration. Thus, the unique design strategy of combining plasmonic and upconversion nanoparticles with a conjugated porous organic polymer opens up new vistas towards artificial light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arkaprabha Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dipendranath Mandal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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14
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Li H, Xiong Z, Sheng S, Chen J. Chemodivergent Synthesis of Benzothiadiazin-3-one 1-Oxides and Benzisothiazol-3-ones via Visible Light-Promoted Intramolecular N-S Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38040659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We reported a versatile protocol to chemodivergently construct significant heterocyclic scaffolds of benzothiadiazin-3-one 1-oxides and benzisothiazol-3-ones by visible light-promoted photocatalysis. This substrate-dependent chemoselective strategy enables N-(2-mercaptophenyl)-N'-substituted ureas through the N-S bond coupling/oxidation cascade to selectively produce benzothiadiazin-3-one 1-oxides; however, the transformation of 2-mercaptobenzamides only occurs via N-S bond coupling to access benzisothiazol-3-ones with moderate to good yields. This strategy features mild conditions, excellent chemoselectivity, and functional group compatibility, which has potential applications in organic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shouri Sheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Liang JY, Su YW, Zou YQ. Photochemical reductive deamination of alpha-amino aryl alkyl ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997158 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reductive deamination of alpha-amino aryl alkyl ketones under photosensitizer-free conditions is presented. This protocol features high efficiency and selectivity. A plausible reaction pathway is proposed based on ultraviolet-visible absorption investigation, control experiments and deuterium-labelling studies. Mechanistic study reveals that the alpha-hydrogen atom of the ketone product originated from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yi-Wen Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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16
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Talpada N, Sharma AS, Sharma VS, Varma RS, Shrivastav PS, Ahmed R, Ammathnadu Sudhakar A. Visible light mediated synthesis of 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5- a]pyridines via oxidative amination of C-H catalyzed by graphitic carbon nitride. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37969017 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01636f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst is employed for the visible light-mediated synthesis of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines via the oxidative amination of C-H bond at room temperature without the need for any additional solvent. Extensive characterization of the catalyst was performed using techniques such as FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, SEM and EDX analysis. The optimized conditions enabled the successful and expeditious conversion of a wide range of substrates to imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines in good yields; a notable advantage of this catalyst being recyclability, as it can be reused for up to five cycles without significant loss of activity. This feature makes it suitable for gram-scale synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Additionally, this approach offers several benefits from a green chemistry perspective as affirmed by its favorable green chemistry metrics (GCM), including low process mass intensity (PMI), low E-factor, high atom economy (AE), and good reaction mass efficiency (RME) relative to existing protocols. In addition, chemical yield (CY), mass intensity (MI), mass productivity (MP) and optimum efficiency were also calculated. This environmentally friendly method offers multiple advantages and represents a significant advancement in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandish Talpada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Anuj S Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Vinay S Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Rahul Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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17
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Bhanja R, Bera SK, Mal P. Photocatalyst- and Transition Metal-Free Light-Induced Borylation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300691. [PMID: 37747303 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global warming concerns have propelled a surge in the demand for sustainable energy sources within the domain of synthetic organic chemistry. A particularly prominent area of research has been the development of mild synthetic strategies for generating heterocyclic compounds. Heterocyclic compounds containing boron have notably risen to prominence as pivotal reagents in a myriad of organic transformations, showcasing their wide-ranging applicability. This comprehensive review is aimed at collecting the literature pertaining to borylation reactions induced by light, specifically focusing on photocatalyst-free and transition metal-free methodologies. The central emphasis is on delving into selective mechanistic investigations. The amalgamation and analysis of these research insights elucidate the substantial potential inherent in eco-friendly approaches for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds, thus propelling the landscape of sustainable organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Bhanja
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India) (PM
| | - Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India) (PM
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India) (PM
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18
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Zhou X, Zhang B, Wu P, Xu W, Wang R, Li J, Zhai H, Cheng B, Wang T. Access to Chromenopyrrolidines Enabled by Organophotocatalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Chromones with N-Arylglycines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7512-7517. [PMID: 37811898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach toward chromenopyrrolidines was achieved under mild conditions via organophotocatalyzed aerobic decarboxylative [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of chromones with N-arylglycines, in which N-arylglycines perform dual roles (i.e., radical precursor and methylene provider). Mechanistic studies suggested that a Giese-type radical addition and consequent Mannich pathway were likely responsible for the annulation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Biwei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renqi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingbai Li
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Taimin Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Zhao Y, Hou X, He M, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang W, Bao M, Yu X. Visible-Light-Driven α-Substituted Amines Enabled by In Situ Formation of Amine Substrate Aggregates. Org Lett 2023; 25:7344-7348. [PMID: 37791683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven, photocatalyst-free, air-promoted, α-substituted reaction of amines with varying nucleophiles is described. The amine substrate aggregates formed in situ through physical π-π stacking by H2O regulation in organic solvent can absorb visible light and then generate iminium ion intermediates, which undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with varying nucleophiles to afford α-substituted amines. This reaction features catalyst-free, good functional group tolerance, simple operation procedure, and green reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wanhui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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20
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Liu Q, Ni Q, Zhou Y, Chen L, Xiang S, Zheng L, Liu Y. P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizer-catalyzed domino radical relay annulation of 1,6-enynes with aryldiazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7960-7967. [PMID: 37750337 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light driven photocatalytic construction of benzo[b]fluorenones from 1,6-enynes and aryldiazonium salts has been achieved via a P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizer-catalyzed domino radical relay annulation process. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the aryl radicals in situ generated from aryldiazonium salts with the excited state of the Cu(I)-photosensitizer played a dual role of a radical initiator and a radical terminator in the concise construction of the highly fused benzo[b]fluorenone scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qibo Ni
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Siwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Limeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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21
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Cui XC, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang YP, Qu JP, Kang YB. Synthesis of α-Hydroxyl and α-Amino Pyridinyl Esters via Photoreductive Dual Radical Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:7198-7203. [PMID: 37747960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of α-hydroxyl and α-amino pyridinyl esters via photoreductive dual radical cross-coupling catalyzed by the super-organoreductant CBZ6 has been developed. A wide range of 2-pyridinylation and 4-pyridinylation of either α-ketoesters or imine derivatives has been achieved. The applications in the synthesis of pyridinyl amino-hydroxyl acids as well as a new chiral oxazoline ligand have also been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Li H, Li C, Liu W, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Qiu C. Photo-Induced C 1 Substitution Using Methanol as a C 1 Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300377. [PMID: 37140478 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable and efficient C1 substitution methods is of central interest for organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals production, the methylation motifs bound to a carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen atom widely exist in natural products and top-selling drugs. In the past decades, a number of methods involving green and inexpensive methanol have already been disclosed to replace industrial hazardous and waste-generating C1 source. Among the various efforts, photochemical strategy is considered as a "renewable" alternative that shows great potential to selectively activate methanol to achieve a series of C1 substitutions at mild conditions, typically C/N-methylation, methoxylation, hydroxymethylation, and formylation. Herein the recent advances in selective transformation of methanol to various C1 functional groups via well-designed photochemical systems involving different types of catalysts or not is systematically reviewed. Both the mechanism and corresponding photocatalytic system were discussed and classified on specific methanol activation models. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Chuntian Qiu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
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23
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Dong ZB, Gong Z, Dou Q, Cheng B, Wang T. A decade update on the application of β-oxodithioesters in heterocyclic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6806-6829. [PMID: 37555699 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The diverse synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has always been one of the popular subjects of organic chemistry. To this end, great efforts have been devoted to developing new reagents and establishing new strategies and methods concerning efficiency, selectivity and sustainability. β-Oxodithioesters and their enol tautomers (i.e., α-enolic dithioesters), as a class of simple and readily accessible sulfur-containing synthons, have been widely applied in the construction of various five- and six-membered heterocycles (e.g., thiophenes, thiopyrans, thiazoles, pyridines and quinolines) and other useful open-chain frameworks. Due to their unique chemical structures, β-oxodithioesters bear multiple reaction sites, which enable them to participate in two-component or multicomponent reactions to construct various heterocyclic compounds. In the past decade, the application of β-oxodithioesters in the synthesis of heterocycles has made remarkable progress. Herein, an update on the recent advances in the application of β-oxodithioesters in the synthesis of heterocycles during the period from 2013 to 2023/06 is provided. According to the different types of rings concerning heteroatoms in products, this review is divided into five sections under discussion including (i) synthesis of sulfur-containing heterocycles, (ii) synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycles, (iii) synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, (iv) synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, and (v) modification to other open-chain frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Zhiying Gong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qian Dou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Taimin Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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24
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Li Y, Feng J, Huang F, Baell JB. Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301017. [PMID: 37269044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles that have been found to be key structural features in a wide range of biologically active natural products, drugs, and agrochemicals. As a cutting-edge area, the synthesis of these derivatives has made spectacular progress in recent decades, with various transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free catalytic systems being developed. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the efficient methods for the synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives since 2010, emphasizing the scope of substrates and synthesis' applications, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
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25
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Choudhuri T, Paul S, Das S, Pathak DD, Bagdi AK. Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective C3-H Selenylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Using Erythrosine B as Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37302135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced efficient methodology has been developed for the C-H selenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives employing erythrosine B as the photocatalyst. This is the first report on the regioselective selenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The efficiency of this methodology for the selenylation of different electron-rich heterocycles like pyrazole, indole, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, and 4-(phenylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one has been also demonstrated. The exploration of erythrosine B as a photocatalyst with a simple and mild procedure, wide substrate scope, and practical applicability and the employment of eco-friendly energy, oxidant, and solvent are the attractive characteristics of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Devendra Deo Pathak
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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26
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Quint V, Van Nguyen TH, Mathieu G, Chelli S, Breugst M, Lohier JF, Gaumont AC, Lakhdar S. Transition Metal-Free Regioselective Phosphonation of Pyridines: Scope and Mechanism. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:151-157. [PMID: 37303502 PMCID: PMC10251503 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective phosphonation of pyridines is an interesting transformation in synthesis and medicinal chemistry. We report herein a metal-free approach enabling access to various 4-phosphonated pyridines. The method consists of simply activating the pyridine ring with a Lewis acid (BF3·OEt2) to facilitate the nucleophilic addition of a phosphine oxide anion. The formed sigma complex is subsequently oxidized with an organic oxidant (chloranil) to yield the desired adducts in good to excellent yields. We furthermore showed that access to C2-phosphoinated pyridines can be achieved in certain cases with strong Lewis basic phosphorus nucleophiles or with strong Lewis acidic pyridines. Both experimental and computational mechanistic investigations were undertaken and allowed us to understand the factors controlling the reactivity and selectivity of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Quint
- Normandie
University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal
Juin, Caen 14000-France
| | - Thi Hong Van Nguyen
- CNRS,
Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie
Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Gary Mathieu
- Normandie
University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal
Juin, Caen 14000-France
| | - Saloua Chelli
- CNRS,
Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie
Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Breugst
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jean-François Lohier
- Normandie
University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal
Juin, Caen 14000-France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie
University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal
Juin, Caen 14000-France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS,
Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie
Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
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27
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Li M, He Z, Zhao W, Yu Y, Huang F, Baell JB. Photocatalytic Benzylic C-H Oxidation/Cyclization of Enaminones to the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Oxazoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic benzylic C-H oxidation/cyclization of enaminones was efficiently achieved to afford oxazole derivatives under mild conditions. The oxygen in the oxazole ring originated from green oxidant molecular oxygen. The synthetic protocol features broad substrate scopes and good functional group tolerance. The combined experimental and theoretical studies reveal that in suit benzylic C-H oxidation/cyclization is involved in the reaction transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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28
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Vlocskó RB, Xie G, Török B. Green Synthesis of Aromatic Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles by Catalytic and Non-Traditional Activation Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104153. [PMID: 37241894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the environmentally benign synthesis of aromatic N-heterocycles are reviewed, focusing primarily on the application of catalytic methods and non-traditional activation. This account features two main parts: the preparation of single ring N-heterocycles, and their condensed analogs. Both groups include compounds with one, two and more N-atoms. Due to the large number of protocols, this account focuses on providing representative examples to feature the available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bernadett Vlocskó
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Guoshu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
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29
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Cui W, Guo G, Wang Y, Song X, Lv J, Yang D. Visible light/copper catalysis enabled alkylation of silyl enol ethers with arylsulfonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6367-6370. [PMID: 37144332 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed herein for the site-selective alkylation of silyl enol ethers with arylsulfonium salts giving access to valuable aryl alkyl thioethers under visible light conditions. Enabled by copper (I) photocatalysis, the C-S bond of arylsulfonium salts can be selectively cleaved to deliver C-centered radicals under mild conditions. This developed method provides a straightforward approach to utilize arylsulfonium salts as sulfur sources for the synthesis of aryl alkyl thioethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Guoju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Xiuyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Daoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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30
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Li X, Li X, Cui W, Wu Q, Wang L, Lv J, Yang D. Visible-Light Copper Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Alkyl-Acetophenones by the Radical-Type Ring Opening of Sulfonium Salts and Oxidative Alkylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3260-3265. [PMID: 37133281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct difunctionalization of simple alkenes has been treated as a powerful synthetic strategy for the construction of highly functionalized skeletons. In this study, direct oxidative coupling of sulfonium salts with alkenes was achieved under mild conditions by a blue-light-driven photoredox process using a copper complex as a photosensitizer. This protocol allows regioselective synthesis of aryl/alkyl ketones from simple sulfonium salts and aromatic alkenes via selective C-S bond cleavage of sulfonium salts and oxidative alkylation of aromatic alkenes using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a mild oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Zhejiang Wansheng Co., Ltd., Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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31
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Glotz G, Püschmann S, Haas M, Gescheidt G. Direct detection of photo-induced reactions by IR: from Brook rearrangement to photo-catalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4. [PMID: 36933157 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In situ IR detection of photoreactions induced by the light of LEDs at appropriate wavelengths provides a simple, cost-effective, and versatile method to get insight into mechanistic details. In particular, conversions of functional groups can be selectively followed. Overlapping UV-Vis bands or fluorescence from the reactants and products and the incident light do not obstruct IR detection. Compared with in situ photo-NMR, our setup does not require tedious sample preparation (optical fibers) and offers a selective detection of reactions, even at positions where 1H-NMR lines overlap or 1H resonances are not clear-cut. We illustrate the applicability of our setup following the photo-Brook rearrangement of (adamant-1-yl-carbonyl)-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, address photo-induced α-bond cleavage (1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), study photoreduction using tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II), investigate photo-oxygenation of double bonds with molecular oxygen and the fluorescent 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium photocatalyst, and address photo-polymerization. With the LED/FT-IR combination, reactions can be qualitatively followed in fluid solution, (highly) viscous environments, and in the solid state. Viscosity changes during the reaction (e.g., during a polymerization) do not obstruct the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Püschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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32
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Bo C, Chen F, Bu Q, Du ZH, Li M, Dai B, Liu N. Visible-Light-Driven Organocatalytic Alkoxylation of Benzylic C-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3532-3538. [PMID: 36881000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of strategies for direct alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond have been developed toward the construction of benzyl ethers. The light-induced benzyl C-H bond alkoxylation provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of these important intermediates. The photocatalyzed alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond has dominated by metal-catalyzed methods. Herein, we reported a light-driven organocatalytic approach for alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond by the use of 9,10-dibromoanthracene as a photocatalyst and employing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as an oxidant. This reaction proceeds at room temperature and is capable of converting a variety of alkyl biphenyl and coupling partners, including a variety of alcohol and carboxylic acid, as well as peroxide, to the desired products under 400 nm light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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33
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Simek Tosino H, Jung A, Fuhr O, Muhle‐Goll C, Jung N, Bräse S. F‐Tag Induced Acyl Shift in the Photochemical Cyclization of
o
‐Alkynylated
N
‐Alkyl‐
N
‐acylamides to Indoles**. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Simek Tosino
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - André Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Claudia Muhle‐Goll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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34
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Zhu SS, Liu JK, Qin LZ, Wang J, Duan X, Yuan X, Qiu JK, Guo K. Visible-Light-Promoted Cyanoalkylation/Cyclization Cascade Reaction to Assemble Polyheterocycles in Continuous Flow. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2057-2068. [PMID: 36710438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a visible-light-induced cascade reaction for preparing cyanoalkyl-containing polyheterocycles initiated by the photoinduced radical cascade addition of N-arylacrylamide derivatives using cyclic oxime esters as radical sources followed by cyanoalkyl-mediated cyclization. This protocol features outstanding functional group compatibility, providing a variety of desired phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the application of a microflow technique enhanced these reactions compared with the equivalent batch reaction, significantly reducing reaction times to 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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35
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Borah B, Patat M, Singh V, Sivaprakash M, Prasad MS, Chowhan LR. Visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic and singlet oxygen-initiated domino construction of 1,4-dihydropyridines, C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines] and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno-[1,2- b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines]. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1518-1530. [PMID: 36695344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient pot, atom, and step economical method for the construction of pharmacologically potent structurally functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines, quaternary centered C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines], and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines] via rose bengal photoredox catalysis under blue LED irradiation in an aqueous medium at room temperature has been developed. The products were isolated in excellent yields within a short reaction time for a variety of functional groups under transition metal- and ligand-free energy-efficient conditions in a green solvent system with high reaction mass efficiency and process mass intensity, which are the key advantages of the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Mihir Patat
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Vipin Singh
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Murugesan Sivaprakash
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - Madavi S Prasad
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
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36
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Dong YJ, Zhao ZW, Geng Y, Su ZM, Zhu B, Guan W. Theoretical Insight on the High Reactivity of Reductive Elimination of Ni III Based on Energy- and Electron-Transfer Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1156-1164. [PMID: 36625518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Iridium/nickel (Ir/Ni) metallaphotoredox dual catalysis overcomes the challenging reductive elimination (RE) of Ni(II) species and has made a breakthrough progress to construct a wide range of C-X (X = C, N, S, and P) bonds. However, the corresponding reaction mechanisms are still ambiguous and controversial because the systematic research on the nature of this synergistic catalysis is not sufficient. Herein, IrIII/NiII and IrIII/Ni0 metallaphotoredox catalysis have been theoretically explored taking the aryl esterification reaction of benzoic acid and aryl bromide as an example by a combination of density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics, and time-dependent DFT computations. It is found that an electron-transfer mechanism is applicable to IrIII/NiII metallaphotoredox catalysis, but an energy-transfer mechanism is applicable to IrIII/Ni0 combination. The IrIII/NiII metallaphotoredox catalysis succeeds to construct a NiI-NiIII catalytic cycle to avoid the challenging RE of Ni(II) species, while the RE occurs from triplet excited-state Ni(II) species in the IrIII/Ni0 metallaphotoredox catalysis. In addition, the lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of Ni(III) species than that of Ni(II) species accelerates RE from Ni(III) one. The triplet excited-state Ni(II) species can resemble a Ni(III) center, considering the metal-to-ligand charge transfer character to promote the RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Dong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
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37
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Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis Based on Silica Mesoporous Material and Eosin Y: Impact of Material Support on Selectivity of Radical Cyclization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020549. [PMID: 36677607 PMCID: PMC9865568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterogenization of the photocatalyst appears to be a valuable solution to reach sustainable processes. Rapid and efficient synthesis of supported photocatalyst is still a remaining challenge and the choice of the support material is crucial. The present study aims at preparing a new generation of hybrid inorganic/organic photocatalysts based on silica mesoporous material and Eosin Y. These results highlight the influence of non-covalent interactions between the material support and the reagent impacting the selectivity of the reaction.
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38
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Liu J, Tang S, Xu H, Zhang R, Zhao J, Zhang P, Li P. Photocatalytic Regioselective [2 + 2 + 1] Radical Annulation of Alkenes with tert-Butyl Nitrite and gem-Dihalides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9366-9369. [PMID: 36541616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic regioselective [2 + 2 + 1] radical annulation reaction of alkenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and gem-dihalides has been developed. The protocol provides an efficient and practical approach to obtain isoxazolines in good yields under mild conditions. Significantly, gem-dihalides serve as C1 synthons, while cheap tert-butyl nitrite acts as an ideal "N-O" synthon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huayan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Puyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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39
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Ding Y, Shen L, Liang K, Xia C. Synthesis of C2-Carbonyl Indoles via Visible Light-Induced Oxidative Cleavage of an Aminomethylene Group. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16644-16654. [PMID: 36445203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for photochemical oxidative cleavage of the aminomethylene group at the C2 position of indole was developed to synthesize C2-carbonyl indoles. The reaction was initiated by the photochemical oxidation of N1, followed by a water-assisted concerted H-shift by abstracting hydrogen from aminomethylene. Bromopyridine was discovered to play dual roles as an oxidant for the regeneration of photocatalysts and as an accelerant for the single-electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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40
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Yu WQ, Xiong BQ, Zhong LJ, Liu Y. Visible-light-promoted radical cascade alkylation/cyclization: access to alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinolin-6(5 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9659-9671. [PMID: 36416184 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol is herein described for the direct generation of alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one derivatives by using Hantzsch esters as alkylation radical precursors using a photoredox/K2S2O8 system. This oxidative alkylation of active alkenes involves a radical cascade cyclization process and a sequence of Hantzsch ester single electron oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, alkylation, arylation and oxidative deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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41
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Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Yue F, Ma H, Song H, Liu Y, Dong J, Wang Q. Alkylboronic acids as alkylating agents: photoredox-catalyzed alkylation reactions assisted by K 3PO 4. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13466-13474. [PMID: 36507180 PMCID: PMC9683010 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of alkylboronic acids in organic synthesis, their utility as alkyl radical precursors in visible-light-induced photocatalytic reactions is limited by their high oxidation potentials. In this study, we demonstrated that an inorganophosphorus compound can modulate the oxidation potentials of alkylboronic acids so that they can act as alkyl radical precursors. We propose a mechanism based on the results of fluorescence quenching experiments, electrochemical experiments, 11B and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and other techniques. In addition, we describe a simple and reliable alkylation method that has good functional group tolerance and can be used for direct C-B chlorination, cyanation, vinylation, alkynylation, and allylation, as well as late-stage functionalization of derivatized drug molecules. Notably, alkylboronic acids can be selectively activated in the presence of a boronic pinacol ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
| | - Henan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China
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43
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Anti-Markovnikov ring-opening of sulfonium salts with alkynes by visible light/copper catalysis. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Pham TT. Advances in Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation by Using Photocatalysts: A Mini Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thanh Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New Mexico State University 1175 N Horseshoe Dr. Las Cruces NM 88003
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45
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Dong J, Su Q, Li D, Mo J. Visible-Light-Induced One-Pot Cross Coupling of NH-Sulfoximines with Toluene. Org Lett 2022; 24:8447-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commision, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Qiumei Su
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commision, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commision, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Junming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commision, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
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46
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Mandal T, Mallick S, Kumari N, De Sarkar S. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthrenes through Successive Photosensitization and Photoredox by a Single Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:8452-8457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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47
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Kim M, Koo Y, Hong S. N-Functionalized Pyridinium Salts: A New Chapter for Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Functionalization via Radical-Based Processes under Visible Light Irradiation. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3043-3056. [PMID: 36166489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The radical-mediated C-H functionalization of pyridines has attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry for the direct functionalization of the C-H bonds of the pyridine scaffold. Classically, the synthetic methods for functionalized pyridines often involve radical-mediated Minisci-type reactions under strongly acidic conditions. However, the site-selective functionalization of pyridines in unbiased systems has been a long-standing challenge because the pyridine scaffold contains multiple competing reaction sites (C2 vs C4) to intercept free radicals. Therefore, prefunctionalization of the pyridine is required to avoid issues observed with the formation of a mixture of regioisomers and overalkylated side products.Recently, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have been attracting considerable attention in organic chemistry as promising radical precursors and pyridine surrogates. The notable advantage of N-functionalized pyridinium salts lies in their ability to enhance the reactivity and selectivity for synthetically useful reactions under acid-free conditions. This approach enables exquisite regiocontrol for nonclassical Minisci-type reactions at the C2 and C4 positions under mild reaction conditions, which are suitable for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules with greater complexity and diversity. Over the past five years, a variety of fascinating synthetic applications have been developed using various types of pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. In addition, a new platform for alkene difunctionalization using appropriately designed N-substituted pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents has been reported, offering an innovative assembly process for complex organic architectures. Intriguingly, strategies involving light-absorbing electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between pyridinium salts and suitable electron-rich donors further open up new reactivity under photocatalyst-free conditions. Furthermore, we developed enantioselective reactions using pyridinium salts to afford enantioenriched molecules bearing pyridines through single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis.Herein, we provide a broad overview of our recent contributions to the development of N-functionalized pyridinium salts and summarize the cornerstones of organic reactions that successfully employ these pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. The major advances in the field are systematically categorized on the basis of the pyridines' N-substituent, N-X (X = O, N, C, and SO2CF3), and its reactivity patterns. Furthermore, the identification of new activation modes and their mechanistic aspects are discussed by providing representative contributions to each paradigm. We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest in the continued innovation of N-functionalized pyridinium salts in the exploration of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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48
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Luo ZT, Fan JH, Xiong BQ, Liu Y, Huang PF. Visible‐Light‐Induced Acylation/Arylation of Alkenes via Aryl Migration/Desulfonylation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tao Luo
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Xueyuan Road 414006 Yueyang CHINA
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
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49
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Ni H, Li C, Shi X, Hu X, Mao H. Visible-Light-Promoted Fe(III)-Catalyzed N-H Alkylation of Amides and N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9797-9805. [PMID: 35857034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the radical chemistry of ligand-to-metal charge transfer with metal catalysis by a single iron salt helps to realize the visible-light-promoted N-H alkylation of amides and N-heterocycles. A wide variety of amides and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were tolerated in our protocol to give N-alkylated products. The applicability of this protocol was further demonstrated by late-stage alkylation of N-H-containing pharmaceuticals. Moreover, N-H-alkylated α-amino tetrahydrofurans could be transformed into versatile ring-opened amino alcohols under reducing conditions. A mechanistic study revealed that hydrogen atom transfer by a tert-butoxyl radical and a chlorine radical was responsible for the activation of C(sp3)-H precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcheng Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzi Shi
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
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50
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridylic C-H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204217. [PMID: 35481719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pyridylic C(sp3 )-H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical-mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4-alkyl N-amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO2 -reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C-H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site-selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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