1
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Booth AM, Sørensen L, Brakstad OG, Ribicic D, Creese M, Arey JS, Lyon DY, Redman AD, Martin-Aparicio A, Camenzuli L, Wang N, Gros J. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Peak Tracking for Screening of Constituent Biodegradation in Petroleum UVCB Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12583-12593. [PMID: 37590158 PMCID: PMC10469455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum substances, as archetypical UVCBs (substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological substances), pose a challenge for chemical risk assessment as they contain hundreds to thousands of individual constituents. It is particularly challenging to determine the biodegradability of petroleum substances since each constituent behaves differently. Testing the whole substance provides an average biodegradation, but it would be effectively impossible to obtain all constituents and test them individually. To overcome this challenge, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) in combination with advanced data-handling algorithms was applied to track and calculate degradation half-times (DT50s) of individual constituents in two dispersed middle distillate gas oils in seawater. By tracking >1000 peaks (representing ∼53-54% of the total mass across the entire chromatographic area), known biodegradation patterns of oil constituents were confirmed and extended to include many hundreds not currently investigated by traditional one-dimensional GC methods. Approximately 95% of the total tracked peak mass biodegraded after 64 days. By tracking the microbial community evolution, a correlation between the presence of functional microbial communities and the observed progression of DT50s between chemical classes was demonstrated. This approach could be used to screen the persistence of GC × GC-amenable constituents of petroleum substance UVCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Samuel Arey
- Oleolytics
LLC, Lebanon, New Jersey 08833, United States
| | | | - Aaron D. Redman
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
- Concawe, Brussels 1160, Belgium
| | | | - Louise Camenzuli
- ExxonMobil
Petroleum & Chemical B.V., Machelen 1831, Belgium
- Concawe, Brussels 1160, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Gros
- Scientific
Consultant, Villars-sur-Glâne 1752, Switzerland
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2
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Caratti A, Squara S, Bicchi C, Tao Q, Geschwender D, Reichenbach SE, Ferrero F, Borreani G, Cordero C. Augmented visualization by computer vision and chromatographic fingerprinting on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic patterns: Unraveling diagnostic signatures in food volatilome. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1699:464010. [PMID: 37116300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Computer Vision is an approach of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that conceptually enables "computers and systems to derive useful information from digital images" giving access to higher-level information and "take actions or make recommendations based on that information". Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography gives access to highly detailed, accurate, yet unstructured information on the sample's chemical composition, and makes it possible to exploit the AI concepts at the data processing level (e.g., by Computer Vision) to rationalize raw data explorations. The goal is the understanding of the biological phenomena interrelated to a specific/diagnostic chemical signature. This study introduces a novel workflow for Computer Vision based on pattern recognition algorithms (i.e., combined untargeted and targeted UT fingerprinting) which includes the generation of composite Class Images for representative samples' classes, their effective re-alignment and registration against a comprehensive feature template followed by Augmented Visualization by comparative visual analysis. As an illustrative application, a sample set originated from a Research Project on artisanal butter (from raw sweet cream to ripened butter) is explored, capturing the evolution of volatile components along the production chain and the impact of different microbial cultures on the finished product volatilome. The workflow has significant advantages compared to the classical one-step pairwise comparison process given the ability to realign and pairwise compare both targeted and untargeted chromatographic features belonging to Class Images resembling chemical patterns from many different samples with intrinsic biological variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caratti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin I-10125, Italy
| | - Simone Squara
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin I-10125, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin I-10125, Italy
| | | | | | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- GC Image LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA; Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Francesco Ferrero
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Università di Torino, Grugliasco TO, Italy
| | - Giorgio Borreani
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Università di Torino, Grugliasco TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin I-10125, Italy.
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3
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Ladislavová N, Pojmanová P, Urban Š. DA_2DCHROM - a data alignment tool for applications on real GC × GC-TOF samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2641-2651. [PMID: 37036485 PMCID: PMC10149467 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) has great potential for analyses of complicated mixtures and sample matrices, due to its separation power and possible high resolution. The second component of the measurement results, the mass spectra, is reproducible. However, the reproducibility of two-dimensional chromatography is affected by many factors and makes the evaluation of long-term experiments or cross-laboratory collaborations complicated. This paper presents a new open-source data alignment tool to tackle the problem of retention time shifts - with 5 different algorithms implemented: BiPACE 2D, DISCO, MSort, PAM, and TNT-DA, along with Pearson's correlation and dot product as optional methods for mass spectra comparison. The implemented data alignment algorithms and their variations were tested on real samples to demonstrate the functionality of the presented tool. The suitability of each implemented algorithm for significantly/non-significantly shifted data was discussed on the basis of the results obtained. For the evaluation of the "goodness" of the alignment, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test values were calculated, and comparison graphs were generated. The DA_2DChrom is available online with its documentation, fully open-sourced, and the user can use the tool without the need of uploading their data to external third-party servers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ladislavová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Pojmanová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Urban
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Squara S, Manig F, Henle T, Hellwig M, Caratti A, Bicchi C, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q, Collino M, Cordero C. Extending the breadth of saliva metabolome fingerprinting by smart template strategies and effective pattern realignment on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2493-2509. [PMID: 36631574 PMCID: PMC10149478 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) is one the most powerful analytical platforms for chemical investigations of complex biological samples. It produces large datasets that are rich in information, but highly complex, and its consistency may be affected by random systemic fluctuations and/or changes in the experimental parameters. This study details the optimization of a data processing strategy that compensates for severe 2D pattern misalignments and detector response fluctuations for saliva samples analyzed across 2 years. The strategy was trained on two batches: one with samples from healthy subjects who had undergone dietary intervention with high/low-Maillard reaction products (dataset A), and the second from healthy/unhealthy obese individuals (dataset B). The combined untargeted and targeted pattern recognition algorithm (i.e., UT fingerprinting) was tuned for key process parameters, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and MS spectrum similarity thresholds, and then tested for the best transform function (global or local, affine or low-degree polynomial) for pattern realignment in the temporal domain. Reliable peak detection achieved its best performance, computed as % of false negative/positive matches, with a S/N threshold of 50 and spectral similarity direct match factor (DMF) of 700. Cross-alignment of bi-dimensional (2D) peaks in the temporal domain was fully effective with a supervised operation including multiple centroids (reference peaks) and a match-and-transform strategy using affine functions. Regarding the performance-derived response fluctuations, the most promising strategy for cross-comparative analysis and data fusion included the mass spectral total useful signal (MSTUS) approach followed by Z-score normalization on the resulting matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Squara
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Friederike Manig
- Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Caratti
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,GC Image LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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5
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Byrdwell WC, Kotapati HK, Goldschmidt R, Jakubec P, Nováková L. Three-dimensional liquid chromatography with parallel second dimensions and quadruple parallel mass spectrometry for adult/infant formula analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462682. [PMID: 34863062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensions of chromatographic separation, using split-flow two-dimensional liquid chromatography (SF-2D-LC) with two parallel second dimensions, LC × 2LC, combined with quadruple parallel mass spectrometry (LC3MS4) is demonstrated for analysis of NIST SRM 1849a adult/infant formula. The first dimension, 1D, was a conventional non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) HPLC separation using two C18 columns in series, followed by detection using an ultraviolet (UV) detector, a fluorescence detector (FLD), with flow then split to a corona charged aerosol detector (CAD), and then dual parallel mass spectrometry (MS), conducted in atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes. The first second dimension, 2D(1), UHPLC was conducted on a 50.0 mm C30 column using a NARP-UHPLC parallel gradient for separation of short-chain triacylglycerols (TAGs) from long-chain TAGs, with detection by UV and ESI-MS. The second dimension, 2D(2), UHPLC was conducted using a 100.0 mm C30 column with a NARP-UHPLC parallel gradient for improved separation of TAG isomers, with detection by UV, an evaporative light scattering detector, and high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) ESI-MS. Transferred eluent dilution was used to refocus peaks and keep them sharp during elution in both 2Ds. The separation space in the 2D(2) was optimized using multi-cycle (aka, "constructive wraparound") elution, which employed flow rate programming. In the 1D, calibration lines for quantification of fat-soluble vitamins were constructed. A lipidomics approach to TAG identification and quantification by HRAM-ESI-MS was applied to the 2D(2). These experiments can be represented: LC1MS2 × (LC1MS1 + LC1MS1) = LC3MS4, or three-dimensional liquid chromatography with quadruple parallel mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Craig Byrdwell
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Lab, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hari K Kotapati
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Lab, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Robert Goldschmidt
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Lab, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Pavel Jakubec
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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6
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Gabetti E, Sgorbini B, Stilo F, Bicchi C, Rubiolo P, Chialva F, Reichenbach SE, Bongiovanni V, Cordero C, Cavallero A. Chemical fingerprinting strategies based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry to capture the unique signature of Piemonte peppermint essential oil (Mentha x piperita var Italo-Mitcham). J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462101. [PMID: 33848659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, reliable, and informative mapping of untargeted and targeted components across many samples is here performed by combining off-line GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry with variable ionization energy (TOF MS featuring Tandem Ionization™). In particular, untargeted and targeted (UT) features patterns are processed by chromatographic fingerprinting, giving differential priority to potent odorants' retention-times regions. Distinguishing peppermint essential oil (EO) from Piedmont (Italy - Mentha × piperita L. var. Italo-Mitcham - Menta di Pancalieri EO), with its unique sensory fingerprint (i.e., freshness and long-lasting sweetness), from high-quality peppermint EOs produced in other areas poses a great challenge. Chromatographic UT fingerprinting provided a great chemical dimensionality by mapping more than 350 peak-regions at 70 eV and 135 at 12 eV. From them, 95 components were identified and responses compared to available literature. Then, potent odorants, detected by GC-O using the aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA), were tracked over the chromatographic space and tentatively identified. With the highest flavor dilution (FD), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptus, fresh, camphoraceous); menthone (minty, herbaceous); and menthofuran (minty, musty, petroleum-like) were highlighted. Responsible for creamy and coumarinic notes were the diasteroisomers of (3,6)-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]-furan-2(3H)-one (i.e., menthofurolactones), detected in higher relative abundance in Pancalieri EOs. By prioritizing the investigation of volatiles on higher LogFD retention regions, including 131 untargeted/targeted features, Pancalieri EOs were separately clustered from United States samples. Besides pre-targeted analytes, additional untargeted features were post-processed for identification within marker chemicals. Myrtenyl methyl ether, ethyl 3-methyl butanoate, propyl-2-methylbutanoate, and (E)-2-hexenal were putatively identified. Of the "unknown - knowns" with diagnostic roles, all metadata were collected including low energy spectra at 12 eV, which were found to be highly complementary to 70 eV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Stilo
- University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA; GC Image, LLC, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Chiara Cordero
- University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Turin, Italy.
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7
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Stilo F, Bicchi C, Jimenez-Carvelo AM, Cuadros-Rodriguez L, Reichenbach SE, Cordero C. Chromatographic fingerprinting by comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography: Fundamentals and tools. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Cialiè Rosso M, Stilo F, Squara S, Liberto E, Mai S, Mele C, Marzullo P, Aimaretti G, Reichenbach SE, Collino M, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Exploring extra dimensions to capture saliva metabolite fingerprints from metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese patients by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography featuring Tandem Ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:403-418. [PMID: 33140127 PMCID: PMC7806578 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the information potential of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS) and variable ionization energy (i.e., Tandem Ionization™) to study changes in saliva metabolic signatures from a small group of obese individuals. The study presents a proof of concept for an effective exploitation of the complementary nature of tandem ionization data. Samples are taken from two sub-populations of severely obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) patients, named metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Untargeted fingerprinting, based on pattern recognition by template matching, is applied on single data streams and on fused data, obtained by combining raw signals from the two ionization energies (12 and 70 eV). Results indicate that at lower energy (i.e., 12 eV), the total signal intensity is one order of magnitude lower compared to the reference signal at 70 eV, but the ranges of variations for 2D peak responses is larger, extending the dynamic range. Fused data combine benefits from 70 eV and 12 eV resulting in more comprehensive coverage by sample fingerprints. Multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) show quite good patient clustering, with total explained variance by the first two principal components (PCs) that increases from 54% at 70 eV to 59% at 12 eV and up to 71% for fused data. With PLS-DA, discriminant components are highlighted and putatively identified by comparing retention data and 70 eV spectral signatures. Within the most informative analytes, lactose is present in higher relative amount in saliva from MHO patients, whereas N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, urea, glucuronic acid γ-lactone, 2-deoxyribose, N-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester, and 5-aminovaleric acid are more abundant in MUO patients. Visual feature fingerprinting is combined with pattern recognition algorithms to highlight metabolite variations between composite per-class images obtained by combining raw data from individuals belonging to different classes, i.e., MUO vs. MHO. Graphical abstract![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cialiè Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Squara
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Mai
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824, Piancavallo, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824, Piancavallo, Italy. .,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.,GC Image, LLC, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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9
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Climate and Processing Effects on Tea ( Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102447. [PMID: 32456315 PMCID: PMC7288030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied an untargeted–targeted (UT) fingerprinting approach, based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature (both seasonal and elevational) on the tea metabolome. By this strategy, the same compound found in multiple samples need only to be identified once, since chromatograms and mass spectral features are aligned in the data analysis process. Primary and specialized metabolites of leaves from two Chinese provinces, Yunnan (pu′erh) and Fujian (oolong), and a farm in South Carolina (USA, black tea) were studied. UT fingerprinting provided insight into plant metabolism activation/inhibition, taste and trigeminal sensations, and antioxidant properties, not easily attained by other analytical approaches. For example, pu′erh and oolong contained higher relative amounts of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Conversely, black tea contained less of all targeted compounds except fructose and glucose, which were more similar to oolong tea. Findings revealed compounds statistically different between spring (pre-monsoon) and summer (monsoon) in pu′erh and oolong teas as well as compounds that exhibited the greatest variability due to seasonal and elevational differences. The UT fingerprinting approach offered unique insights into how differences in growing conditions and commercial processing affect the nutritional benefits and sensory characteristics of tea beverages.
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10
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Sedentariness and Urinary Metabolite Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients, a Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050205. [PMID: 32443532 PMCID: PMC7281751 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate a significant association between sedentary (SED)-time and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether different levels of SED-time could impact on biochemical and physiological processes occurring in sedentary and physically inactive T2DM patients. In particular, patients from the “Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES)_2 trial belonging to the first and fourth quartile of SED-time were compared. Urine samples were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) with parallel detection by mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection (GC × 2GC-MS/FID). This platform enables accurate profiling and fingerprinting of urinary metabolites while maximizing the overall information capacity, quantitation reliability, and response linearity. Moreover, using advanced pattern recognition, the fingerprinting process was extended to untargeted and targeted features, revealing diagnostic urinary fingerprints between groups. Quantitative metabolomics was then applied to analytes of relevance for robust comparisons. Increased levels of glycine, L-valine, L-threonine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-alanine, succinic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, xylitol, and ribitol were revealed in samples from less sedentary women. In conclusion, SED-time is associated with changes in urine metabolome signatures. These preliminary results suggest that reducing SED-time could be a strategy to improve the health status of a large proportion of diabetic patients.
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11
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Mommers J, van der Wal S. Column Selection and Optimization for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:183-202. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1707643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Mommers
- DSM Material Science Center, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van der Wal
- Polymer-Analysis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Rosso MC, Mazzucotelli M, Bicchi C, Charron M, Manini F, Menta R, Fontana M, Reichenbach SE, Cordero C. Adding extra-dimensions to hazelnuts primary metabolome fingerprinting by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry featuring tandem ionization: Insights on the aroma potential. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460739. [PMID: 31796248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The information potential of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) featuring tandem hard (70 eV) and soft (12 eV) electron ionization is here applied to accurately delineate high-quality hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) primary metabolome fingerprints. The information provided by tandem signals for untargeted and targeted 2D-peaks is examined and exploited with pattern recognition based on template matching algorithms. EI-MS fragmentation pattern similarity, base-peak m/z values at the two examined energies (i.e., 12 and 70 eV) and response relative sensitivity are adopted to evaluate the complementary nature of signals. As challenging bench test, the hazelnut primary metabolome has a large chemical dimensionality that includes various chemical classes such as mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, low-molecular weight acids, and amines, further complicated by oximation/silylation to obtain volatile derivatives. Tandem ionization provides notable benefits including larger relative ratio of structural informing ions due to limited fragmentation at low energies (12 eV), meaningful spectral dissimilarity between 12 and 70 eV (direct match factor values range 222-783) and, for several analytes, enhanced relative sensitivity at lower energies. The complementary information provided by tandem ionization is exploited by untargeted/targeted (UT) fingerprinting on samples from different cultivars and geographical origins. The responses of 138 UT-peak-regions are explored to delineate informative patterns by univariate and multivariate statistics, providing insights on correlations between known precursors and (key)-aroma compounds and potent odorants. Strong positive correlations between non-volatile precursors and odorants are highlighted with some interesting linear trends for: 3-methylbutanal with isoleucine (R2 0.9284); 2,3-butanedione/2,3-pentanedione with monosaccharides (fructose/glucose derivatives) (R2 0.8543 and 0.8860); 2,5-dimethylpyrazine with alanine (R2 0.8822); and pyrroles (1H-pyrrole, 3-methyl-1H-pyrrole, and 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde) with ornithine and alanine derivatives (R2 0.8604). The analytical work-flow provides a solid foundation for a new strategy for hazelnuts quality assessment because aroma potential could be derived from precursors' chemical fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cialiè Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino 6707172, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzucotelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino 6707172, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino 6707172, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Menta
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, Alba (CN), Italy
| | - Mauro Fontana
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, Alba (CN), Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, NE, USA; GC Image LCC, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino 6707172, Italy.
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13
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Stilo F, Liberto E, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Untargeted and Targeted Fingerprinting of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Volatiles by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry: Challenges in Long-Term Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5289-5302. [PMID: 30994349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC × GC-MS) offers an information-rich basis for effective chemical fingerprinting of food. However, GC × GC-MS yields 2D-peak patterns (i.e., sample 2D fingerprints) whose consistency may be affected by variables related to either the analytical platform or to the experimental parameters adopted for the analysis. This study focuses on the complex volatile fraction of extra-virgin olive oil and addresses 2D-peak patterns variations, including MS signal fluctuations, as they may occur in long-term studies where pedo-climatic, harvest year, or shelf life changes are studied. The 2D-pattern misalignments are forced by changing chromatographic settings and MS acquisition. All procedural steps, preceding pattern recognition by template matching, are analyzed and a rational workflow defined to accurately realign patterns and analytes metadata. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) detection threshold, reference spectra extraction, and similarity match factor threshold are critical to avoid false-negative matches. Distance thresholds and polynomial transform parameters are key for effective template matching. In targeted analysis (supervised workflow) with optimized parameters, method accuracy reaches 92.5% (i.e., % of true-positive matches) while for combined untargeted and targeted ( UT) fingerprinting (unsupervised workflow), accuracy reaches 97.9%. Response normalization also is examined, evidencing good performance of multiple internal standard normalization that effectively compensates for discriminations occurring during injection of highly volatile compounds. The resulting workflow is simple, effective, and time efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin I-10125 , Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin I-10125 , Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- GC Image, LLC , Lincoln , Nebraska 68508 , United States
| | - Qingping Tao
- GC Image, LLC , Lincoln , Nebraska 68508 , United States
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin I-10125 , Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin I-10125 , Italy
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14
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Cordero C, Kiefl J, Reichenbach SE, Bicchi C. Characterization of odorant patterns by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: A challenge in omic studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Navarro-Reig M, Bedia C, Tauler R, Jaumot J. Chemometric Strategies for Peak Detection and Profiling from Multidimensional Chromatography. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700327. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Navarro-Reig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
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16
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17
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Cordero C, Schmarr HG, Reichenbach SE, Bicchi C. Current Developments in Analyzing Food Volatiles by Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2226-2236. [PMID: 28110527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents current developments and future perspectives on the spread of advanced analytical tasks in the field of food volatile analysis. The topics outlined comprise (a) recent advances on miniaturized sampling techniques; (b) the potential and challenges of multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection for volatile identification and quantitation in samples with complex matrices;
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Hans-Georg Schmarr
- Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) - Rheinpfalz , Institut für Weinbau und Oenologie , Breitenweg 71 , D-67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße , Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry , University Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 5 , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | | | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università di Torino , Turin , Italy
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18
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Bressanello D, Liberto E, Collino M, Chiazza F, Mastrocola R, Reichenbach SE, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Combined untargeted and targeted fingerprinting by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: revealing fructose-induced changes in mice urinary metabolic signatures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Mastrocola R, Ferrocino I, Liberto E, Chiazza F, Cento AS, Collotta D, Querio G, Nigro D, Bitonto V, Cutrin JC, Rantsiou K, Durante M, Masini E, Aragno M, Cordero C, Cocolin L, Collino M. Fructose liquid and solid formulations differently affect gut integrity, microbiota composition and related liver toxicity: a comparative in vivo study. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29539590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite clinical findings suggesting that the form (liquid versus solid) of the sugars may significantly affect the development of metabolic diseases, no experimental data are available on the impact of their formulations on gut microbiota, integrity and hepatic outcomes. In the present sudy, C57Bl/6j mice were fed a standard diet plus water (SD), a standard diet plus 60% fructose syrup (L-Fr) or a 60% fructose solid diet plus water (S-Fr) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota was characterized through 16S rRNA phylogenetic profiling and shotgun sequencing of microbial genes in ileum content and related volatilome profiling. Fructose feeding led to alterations of the gut microbiota depending on the fructose formulation, with increased colonization by Clostridium, Oscillospira and Clostridiales phyla in the S-Fr group and Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Dorea in the L-Fr. S-Fr evoked the highest accumulation of advanced glycation end products and barrier injury in the ileum intestinal mucosa. These effects were associated to a stronger activation of the lipopolysaccharide-dependent proinflammatory TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the liver of S-Fr mice than of L-Fr mice. In contrast, L-Fr intake induced higher levels of hepatosteatosis and markers of fibrosis than S-Fr. Fructose-induced ex novo lipogenesis with production of SCFA and MCFA was confirmed by metagenomic analysis. These results suggest that consumption of fructose under different forms, liquid or solid, may differently affect gut microbiota, thus leading to impairment in intestinal mucosa integrity and liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Debora Collotta
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Querio
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Nigro
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy.
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20
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Second dimension column ensemble pressure tuning in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1536:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Magagna F, Liberto E, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q, Carretta A, Cobelli L, Giardina M, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Advanced fingerprinting of high-quality cocoa: Challenges in transferring methods from thermal to differential-flow modulated comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1536:122-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Prebihalo SE, Berrier KL, Freye CE, Bahaghighat HD, Moore NR, Pinkerton DK, Synovec RE. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Advances in Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Applications. Anal Chem 2017; 90:505-532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kelsey L. Berrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chris E. Freye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - H. Daniel Bahaghighat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David K. Pinkerton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert E. Synovec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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23
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Magagna F, Guglielmetti A, Liberto E, Reichenbach SE, Allegrucci E, Gobino G, Bicchi C, Cordero C. Comprehensive Chemical Fingerprinting of High-Quality Cocoa at Early Stages of Processing: Effectiveness of Combined Untargeted and Targeted Approaches for Classification and Discrimination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6329-6341. [PMID: 28682071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates chemical information of volatile fractions of high-quality cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. Malvaceae) from different origins (Mexico, Ecuador, Venezuela, Columbia, Java, Trinidad, and Sao Tomè) produced for fine chocolate. This study explores the evolution of the entire pattern of volatiles in relation to cocoa processing (raw, roasted, steamed, and ground beans). Advanced chemical fingerprinting (e.g., combined untargeted and targeted fingerprinting) with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry allows advanced pattern recognition for classification, discrimination, and sensory-quality characterization. The entire data set is analyzed for 595 reliable two-dimensional peak regions, including 130 known analytes and 13 potent odorants. Multivariate analysis with unsupervised exploration (principal component analysis) and simple supervised discrimination methods (Fisher ratios and linear regression trees) reveal informative patterns of similarities and differences and identify characteristic compounds related to sample origin and manufacturing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Magagna
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guglielmetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0115, United States
| | | | | | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino , I-10125 Turin, Italy
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24
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Pixel-by-pixel correction of retention time shifts in chromatograms from comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Couprie C, Duval L, Moreaud M, Hénon S, Tebib M, Souchon V. BARCHAN: Blob Alignment for Robust CHromatographic ANalysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1484:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Cordero C, Rubiolo P, Reichenbach SE, Carretta A, Cobelli L, Giardina M, Bicchi C. Method translation and full metadata transfer from thermal to differential flow modulated comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography: Profiling of suspected fragrance allergens. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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27
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Rempe DW, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q, Cordero C, Rathbun WE, Zini CA. Effectiveness of Global, Low-Degree Polynomial Transformations for GCxGC Data Alignment. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10028-10035. [PMID: 27640611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As columns age and differ between systems, retention times for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) may vary between runs. To properly analyze GCxGC chromatograms, it often is desirable to align the retention times of chromatographic features, such as analyte peaks, between chromatograms. Previous work by the authors has shown that global, low-degree polynomial transformation functions, namely affine, second-degree polynomial, and third-degree polynomial, are effective for aligning pairs of two-dimensional chromatograms acquired with dual second columns and detectors (GC×2GC). This work assesses the experimental performance of these global methods on more general GCxGC chromatogram pairs and compares their performance to that of a recent, robust, local alignment algorithm for GCxGC data [ Gros Anal. Chem. 2012 , 84 , 9033 ]. Measuring performance with the root-mean-square (RMS) residual differences in retention times for matched peaks suggests that global, low-degree polynomial transformations outperform the local algorithm given a sufficiently large set of alignment points, and are able to improve misalignment by over 95% based on a lower-bound benchmark of inherent variability. However, with small sets of alignment points, the local method demonstrated lower error rates (although with greater computational overhead). For GCxGC chromatogram pairs with only slight initial misalignment, none of the global or local methods performed well. In some cases with initial misalignment near the inherent variability of the system, these methods worsened alignment, suggesting that it may be better not to perform alignment in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis W Rempe
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln , Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0115, United States
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln , Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0115, United States.,GC Image, LLC , Lincoln Nebraska 68505-7403, United States
| | - Qingping Tao
- GC Image, LLC , Lincoln Nebraska 68505-7403, United States
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Università degli Studi di Torino , I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Wayne E Rathbun
- Honeywell UOP , 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5016, United States
| | - Cláudia Alcaraz Zini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Combined untargeted and targeted fingerprinting with comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography for volatiles and ripening indicators in olive oil. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:245-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Szymańska E, Davies AN, Buydens LMC. Chemometrics for ion mobility spectrometry data: recent advances and future prospects. Analyst 2016; 141:5689-5708. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on chemometric techniques used in ion mobility spectrometry data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6500 GL Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
- TI-COAST
| | - Antony N. Davies
- School of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Computing
- Engineering and Science
- University of South Wales
- UK
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