1
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Zhang H, Liu L, Li M. Mini-review of DNA Methylation Detection Techniques and Their Potential Applications in Disease Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1089-1103. [PMID: 38365574 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the dominant epigenetic mechanism for regulating gene expression in mammals, playing crucial roles in development, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in DNA methylation are closely associated with the potential onset of various diseases. Consequently, numerous DNA methylation detection techniques have been successively developed. These methods not only facilitate the exploration of disease mechanisms but also hold significant promise for the development of diagnostic and prognostic strategies. In this Perspective, we present a comprehensive overview of commonly employed DNA methylation detection techniques as well as biosensing based on their underlying analytical techniques. For its medical applications, we begin by examining the pathogenesis of different diseases and then proceed to discuss how relevant technologies are applied in the context of these specific medical conditions. Additionally, we briefly discuss the current limitations of these techniques and highlight future challenges in advancing methylation detection and analysis methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Fujita M, Goto M, Tanaka M, Yoshida W. Detection of CpG methylation level using methyl-CpG-binding domain-fused fluorescent protein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2294-2299. [PMID: 37010025 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine on CpG dinucleotides is the most frequently studied epigenetic modification involved in the regulation of gene expression. In normal tissues, tissue-specific CpG methylation patterns are established during development. In contrast, alterations in methylation patterns have been observed in abnormal cells, such as cancer cells. Cancer type-specific CpG methylation patterns have been identified and used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we developed a hybridization-based CpG methylation level sensing system using a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD)-fused fluorescent protein. In this system, the target DNA is captured by a complementary methylated probe DNA. When the target DNA is methylated, a symmetrically methylated CpG is formed in the double-stranded DNA. MBD specifically recognizes symmetrical methyl-CpG on double-stranded DNA; therefore, the methylation level is quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the bound MBD-fused fluorescent protein. We prepared MBD-fused AcGFP1 and quantified the CpG methylation levels of the target DNA against SEPT9, BRCA1, and long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) using MBD-AcGFP1. This detection principle can be applied to the simultaneous and genome-wide modified base detection systems using microarrays coupled with modified base binding proteins fused to fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Fujita
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Masanori Goto
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
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3
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Goto A, Yoshida W. Hybridization-based CpG methylation level detection using methyl-CpG-binding domain-fused luciferase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2329-2337. [PMID: 36961575 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes and global hypomethylation, which is related to methylation level at the retroelement, have been recognized as features of the cancer genome. In this study, we developed a hybridization-based CpG methylation level detection method using methyl-CpG-binding domain-fused firefly luciferase (MBD-Fluc). In this method, methylated probe oligonucleotides were used to capture target oligonucleotides. Fully methylated and hemimethylated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was formed by hybridization of the methylated captured oligonucleotides with methylated or unmethylated target oligonucleotides, respectively. MBD-Fluc specifically binds to fully methylated dsDNA but not to hemimethylated dsDNA; therefore, methylated target oligonucleotides can be detected by measuring the luciferase activity of the bound MBD-Fluc. Using the corresponding methylated probe oligonucleotides, the CpG methylation levels of SEPT9, BRCA1, and long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) oligonucleotides were quantified. Moreover, we demonstrated that the emission detection signal was not affected by the methylation state of the overhang region of the target oligonucleotide, which was not hybridized to the probe oligonucleotide, indicating that methylated CpG of the target region could be accurately detected. Unmethylated-CpG-binding domain-fused luciferases and 5-hydroxymethyl-CpG-binding domain-fused luciferases have been constructed, suggesting that other modified bases can be detected by the same platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Goto
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
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Adampourezare M, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F. Optical bio-sensing of DNA methylation analysis: an overview of recent progress and future prospects. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25786-25806. [PMID: 36199327 PMCID: PMC9460980 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation as one of the most important epigenetic modifications has a critical role in regulating gene expression and drug resistance in treating diseases such as cancer. Therefore, the detection of DNA methylation in the early stages of cancer plays an essential role in disease diagnosis. The majority of routine methods to detect DNA methylation are very tedious and costly. Therefore, designing easy and sensitive methods to detect DNA methylation directly and without the need for molecular methods is a hot topic issue in bioscience. Here we provide an overview on the optical biosensors (including fluorescence, FRET, SERs, colorimetric) that have been applied to detect the DNA methylation. In addition, various types of labeled and label-free reactions along with the application of molecular methods and optical biosensors have been surveyed. Also, the effect of nanomaterials on the sensitivity of detection methods is discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided. Finally, the use of microfluidic devices in the evaluation of DNA methylation and DNA damage analysis based on smartphone detection has been discussed. Here, we provide an overview on the optical biosensors (including fluorescence, FRET, SERs, colorimetric) that have been applied to detect the DNA methylation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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5
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Adampourezare M, Dehghan G, Hasanzadeh M, Hosseinpoure Feizi MA. Application of lateral flow and microfluidic bio-assay and biosensing towards identification of DNA-methylation and cancer detection: Recent progress and challenges in biomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111845. [PMID: 34175816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic alteration that results from the covalent transfer of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of a cytosine residue in CpG dinucleotides by DNA methyltransferase. This modification mostly happens in the promoter region and the first exon of most genes and suppresses gene expression. Therefore, aberrant DNA methylation cause tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-cancer therapies. So, the detection of DNA methylation is an important issue in diagnosis and therapy of most diseases. Conventional methods for the assay of DNA methylation and activity of DNA methyltransferases are time consuming. So, we need to multiplex operations and expensive instrumentation. To overcome the limitations of conventional methods, new methods such as microfluidic platforms and lateral flow tests have been developed to evaluate DNA methylation. The microfluidic tests are based on optical and electrical biosensing. These tests able us to can analyze DNA methylation with high efficiency and sensitivity without the need for expensive equipment and skilled people. Lateral flow strip tests are another type of rapid, simple, and sensitive test with advanced technology used to assess DNA methylation. Lateral flow strip tests are based on optical biosensors. This review attempts to evaluate new methods for assessing DNA extraction, DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase activity as well as recent developments in microfluidic technology application for bisulfite treatment and restriction enzyme (bisulfite free), and lateral flow relying on their application in the field of recognition of DNA methylation in blood and body fluids. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of each test are reviewed. Finally, future prospects for the development of the microfluidics biodevices for the detection of DNA methylation is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sugai H, Tomita S, Ishihara S, Yoshioka K, Kurita R. Microfluidic Sensing System with a Multichannel Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip: Damage-Free Characterization of Cells by Pattern Recognition. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14939-14946. [PMID: 33112611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a versatile sensing strategy for the damage-free characterization of cultured cells is of great importance for both fundamental biological research and industrial applications. Here, we present a pattern-recognition-based cell-sensing approach using a multichannel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip. The chip, in which five cysteine derivatives with different structures are immobilized on Au films, is capable of generating five unique SPR sensorgrams for the cell-secreted molecules that are contained in cell culture media. An automatic statistical program was built to acquire kinetic parameters from the SPR sensorgrams and to select optimal parameters as "pattern information" for subsequent multivariate analysis. Our system rapidly (∼10 min) provides the complex information by merely depositing a small amount of cell culture media (∼25 μL) onto the chip, and the amount of information obtained is comparable to that furnished by a combination of conventional laborious biochemical assays. This noninvasive pattern-recognition-based cell-sensing approach could potentially be employed as a versatile tool for characterizing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Sugai
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tomita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshioka
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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7
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Ouyang J, Zhan X, Guo S, Cai S, Lei J, Zeng S, Yu L. Progress and trends on the analysis of nucleic acid and its modification. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chuang CS, Wu CY, Juan PH, Hou NC, Fan YJ, Wei PK, Sheen HJ. LMP1 gene detection using a capped gold nanowire array surface plasmon resonance sensor in a microfluidic chip. Analyst 2020; 145:52-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new detection device by using SPR nanowire array chip and a microfluidics system was developed. A simple, low-cost and reproducible SPR nanowire chip with a visible light source displayed real-time detection capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Shen Chuang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Chieh-Ying Wu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Juan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Nai-Cheng Hou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei 11031
- Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Horn-Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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9
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Huertas CS, Calvo-Lozano O, Mitchell A, Lechuga LM. Advanced Evanescent-Wave Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Nucleic Acids: An Analytic Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:724. [PMID: 31709240 PMCID: PMC6823211 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evanescent-wave optical biosensors have become an attractive alternative for the screening of nucleic acids in the clinical context. They possess highly sensitive transducers able to perform detection of a wide range of nucleic acid-based biomarkers without the need of any label or marker. These optical biosensor platforms are very versatile, allowing the incorporation of an almost limitless range of biorecognition probes precisely and robustly adhered to the sensor surface by covalent surface chemistry approaches. In addition, their application can be further enhanced by their combination with different processes, thanks to their integration with complex and automated microfluidic systems, facilitating the development of multiplexed and user-friendly platforms. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of cutting-edge analytical strategies based on these label-free optical biosensors able to deal with the drawbacks related to DNA and RNA detection, from single point mutations assays and epigenetic alterations, to bacterial infections. Several plasmonic and silicon photonic-based biosensors are described together with their most recent applications in this area. We also identify and analyse the main challenges faced when attempting to harness this technology and how several innovative approaches introduced in the last years manage those issues, including the use of new biorecognition probes, surface functionalization approaches, signal amplification and enhancement strategies, as well as, sophisticated microfluidic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olalla Calvo-Lozano
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura M. Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Deng C, Naler LB, Lu C. Microfluidic epigenomic mapping technologies for precision medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2630-2650. [PMID: 31338502 PMCID: PMC6697104 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenomic mapping of tissue samples generates critical insights into genome-wide regulations of gene activities and expressions during normal development and disease processes. Epigenomic profiling using a low number of cells produced by patient and mouse samples presents new challenges to biotechnologists. In this review, we first discuss the rationale and premise behind profiling epigenomes for precision medicine. We then examine the existing literature on applying microfluidics to facilitate low-input and high-throughput epigenomic profiling, with emphasis on technologies enabling interfacing with next-generation sequencing. We detail assays on studies of histone modifications, DNA methylation, 3D chromatin structures and non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss what the future may hold in terms of method development and translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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11
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Iliescu FS, Poenar DP, Yu F, Ni M, Chan KH, Cima I, Taylor HK, Cima I, Iliescu C. Recent advances in microfluidic methods in cancer liquid biopsy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:041503. [PMID: 31431816 PMCID: PMC6697033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection, its monitoring, and therapeutical prediction are highly valuable, though extremely challenging targets in oncology. Significant progress has been made recently, resulting in a group of devices and techniques that are now capable of successfully detecting, interpreting, and monitoring cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Precise information about malignancies can be obtained from liquid biopsies by isolating and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids, tumor-derived vesicles or proteins, and metabolites. The current work provides a general overview of the latest on-chip technological developments for cancer liquid biopsy. Current challenges for their translation and their application in various clinical settings are discussed. Microfluidic solutions for each set of biomarkers are compared, and a global overview of the major trends and ongoing research challenges is given. A detailed analysis of the microfluidic isolation of CTCs with recent efforts that aimed at increasing purity and capture efficiency is provided as well. Although CTCs have been the focus of a vast microfluidic research effort as the key element for obtaining relevant information, important clinical insights can also be achieved from alternative biomarkers, such as classical protein biomarkers, exosomes, or circulating-free nucleic acids. Finally, while most work has been devoted to the analysis of blood-based biomarkers, we highlight the less explored potential of urine as an ideal source of molecular cancer biomarkers for point-of-care lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S. Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Daniel P. Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Technological University, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100105, Ecuador
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | | | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Oncology/Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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12
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Sina AAI, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. DNA Methylation-Based Point-of-Care Cancer Detection: Challenges and Possibilities. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:955-966. [PMID: 31253589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell DNA conserves a distinct genomic methylation pattern, which acts as a molecular switch to control the transcriptional machinery of the cell. However, pathological processes can alter this methylation pattern, leading to the onset of diseases such as cancer. Recent advances in methylation analysis provide a more precise understanding of the consequence of DNA methylation changes towards cancer progression. Consequently, the discoveries of numerous methylation-based biomarkers have inspired the development of simple tests for cancer detection. In this opinion article, we systematically discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the promising methylation-based approaches and develop a point-of-care index to evaluate their potential in terms of point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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13
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Kurinomaru T, Kojima N, Kurita R. Immobilization of DNA on Biosensing Devices with Nitrogen Mustard-Modified Linkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:e85. [PMID: 31038292 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of DNA is an important step in relation to DNA-based biosensors and bioassays with multiple applications. This unit describes synthesis and applications of novel bifunctional linker molecules containing nitrogen mustard and one of two types of functional groups: cyclic disulfide or biotin. Two ways of immobilizing DNA on a surface are described. With the first method, a bifunctional alkylating linker molecule is first reacted with the target DNA to form alkylated DNA and then immobilized on a specific surface. With the second method, the bifunctional alkylating linker molecule is first attached to the surface, and then the target DNA is immobilized through an alkylating reaction with a nitrogen mustard moiety. We have also achieved immunochemical detection and quantification of 5-methylcytosine in a target DNA immobilized by the above methods. The methods for immobilization of intact DNA using novel bifunctional linker molecules are applicable to a wide range of biological analysis techniques. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kurinomaru
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kojima
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB/DAICENTER, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB/DAICENTER, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Xia Y, Wu L, Hu Y, He Y, Cao Z, Zhu X, Yi X, Wang J. Sensitive surface plasmon resonance detection of methyltransferase activity and screening of its inhibitors amplified by p53 protein bound to methylation-specific ds-DNA consensus sites. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:269-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Soler M, Huertas CS, Lechuga LM. Label-free plasmonic biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics: a review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 19:71-81. [PMID: 30513011 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1554435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Optical biosensors, particularly those based on nanoplasmonics technology, have emerged in recent decades as a potential solution for disease diagnostics and therapy follow-up at the point-of-care (POC). These biosensor platforms could overcome some of the challenges faced in conventional diagnosis techniques offering label-free assays with immediate results and employing small and user-friendly devices. Areas covered: In this review, we will provide a critical overview of the recent advances in the development of nanoplasmonic biosensors for the POC diagnostics. We focus on those systems with demonstrated capabilities for integration in portable platforms, highlighting some of the most relevant diagnostics applications targeting proteins, nucleic acids, and cells as disease biomarkers. Expert commentary: Despite the attractive features of label-free nanoplasmonic sensors in terms of miniaturization and analytical robustness, the route toward an effective clinical implementation involves the integration of fully automated microfluidic systems for sample processing and analysis, and the optimization of surface biofunctionalization procedures. Additionally, the development of multiplexed sensors for high-throughput analysis and including specific neoantigens and novel biomarkers in detection panels will provide the means for delivering a powerful analytical technology for an accurate and improved medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- a Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group , Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and CIBER-BBN , Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cesar S Huertas
- a Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group , Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and CIBER-BBN , Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain.,b School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- a Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group , Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and CIBER-BBN , Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain
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16
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Huertas CS, Aviñó A, Kurachi C, Piqué A, Sandoval J, Eritja R, Esteller M, Lechuga LM. Label-free DNA-methylation detection by direct ds-DNA fragment screening using poly-purine hairpins. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 120:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Sensitive and specific DNA biomarker detection is critical for accurately diagnosing a broad range of clinical conditions. However, the incorporation of such biosensing structures in integrated microfluidic devices is often complicated by the need for an additional labelling step to be implemented on the device. In this review we focused on presenting recent advances in label-free DNA biosensor technology, with a particular focus on microfluidic integrated devices. The key biosensing approaches miniaturized in flow-cell structures were presented, followed by more sophisticated microfluidic devices and higher integration examples in the literature. The option of full DNA sequencing on microfluidic chips via nanopore technology was highlighted, along with current developments in the commercialization of microfluidic, label-free DNA detection devices.
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18
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Kojima N, Suda T, Kurinomaru T, Kurita R. Immobilization of DNA with nitrogen mustard-biotin conjugate for global epigenetic analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:107-114. [PMID: 30392657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report the quantitative analysis of 5-methylcytosine, a representative epigenetic modification in genomic DNA, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We synthesized a novel hetero-bifunctional linker molecule consisting of nitrogen mustard and biotin to capture DNA on the surface of biosensing devices. The molecule can successfully immobilize genomic DNA on a streptavidin coated 96-well microplate, which was then employed for immunochemical epigenetic assessment. We achieved the sensitive and quantitative detection of 5-mC in genomic DNA samples. The CpG methylation ratios obtained from our system for mouse brain and mouse small intestine genomes were 79% and 82%, respectively. These numbers are in good agreement with the previously reported methylation ratio of 75-85%, which was identified by whole genome bisulfite sequencing. Accordingly, the present technology using our novel bifunctional linker molecule provides a fast, easy, and inexpensive method for epigenetic assessment, without the need for any conventional bisulfite treatment, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Kojima
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, DAICENTER, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomomi Suda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, DAICENTER, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kurinomaru
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, DAICENTER, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
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19
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Povedano E, Valverde A, Montiel VR, Pedrero M, Yáñez‐Sedeño P, Barderas R, San Segundo‐Acosta P, Peláez‐García A, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Rapid Electrochemical Assessment of Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylations in Raw Human Serum and Tumor Cells and Tissues Using Immunomagnetic Beads and Selective DNA Hybridization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Povedano
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Valverde
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz‐Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María Pedrero
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez‐Sedeño
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- CROSADISInstituto de Salud Carlos III 28220 Majadahonda Madrid Spain
| | | | - Alberto Peláez‐García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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20
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Povedano E, Valverde A, Montiel VR, Pedrero M, Yáñez‐Sedeño P, Barderas R, San Segundo‐Acosta P, Peláez‐García A, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Rapid Electrochemical Assessment of Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylations in Raw Human Serum and Tumor Cells and Tissues Using Immunomagnetic Beads and Selective DNA Hybridization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8194-8198. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Povedano
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Valverde
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz‐Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María Pedrero
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez‐Sedeño
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- CROSADISInstituto de Salud Carlos III 28220 Majadahonda Madrid Spain
| | | | - Alberto Peláez‐García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets GroupHospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química AnalíticaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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21
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Yoshioka K, Kurita R. N6-Methylation Assessment in Escherichia coli 23S rRNA Utilizing a Bulge Loop in an RNA-DNA Hybrid. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7578-7582. [PMID: 29846061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a sequence-selective assay of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) in RNA without PCR or reverse transcription, by employing a hybridization assay with a DNA probe designed to form a bulge loop at the position of a target modified nucleotide. The m6A in the bulge in the RNA-DNA hybrid was assumed to be sufficiently mobile to be selectively recognized by an anti-m6A antibody with a high affinity. By employing a surface-plasmon-resonance measurement or using a microtiter-plate immunoassay method, a specific m6A in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA sequence could be detected at the nanomolar level when synthesized and purified oligo-RNA fragments were used for measurement. We have successfully achieved the first selective detection of m6A2030 specifically in 23S rRNA from real samples of E. coli total RNA by using our immunochemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB , Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB , Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8566 , Japan
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22
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Yu T, Wei Q. Plasmonic molecular assays: Recent advances and applications for mobile health. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:5439-5473. [PMID: 32218913 PMCID: PMC7091255 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics-based biosensing assays have been extensively employed for biomedical applications. Significant advancements in use of plasmonic assays for the construction of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic methods have been made to provide effective and urgent health care of patients, especially in resourcelimited settings. This rapidly progressive research area, centered on the unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of metallic nanostructures with exceptional absorption and scattering abilities, has greatly facilitated the development of cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid strategies for disease diagnostics and improving patient healthcare in both developed and developing worlds. This review highlights the recent advances and applications of plasmonic technologies for highly sensitive protein and nucleic acid biomarker detection. In particular, we focus on the implementation and penetration of various plasmonic technologies in conventional molecular diagnostic assays, and discuss how such modification has resulted in simpler, faster, and more sensitive alternatives that are suited for point-of-use. Finally, integration of plasmonic molecular assays with various portable POC platforms for mobile health applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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23
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Kurinomaru T, Kojima N, Kurita R. An alkylating immobilization linker for immunochemical epigenetic assessment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8308-8311. [PMID: 28686257 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional linker molecule containing nitrogen mustard and a cyclic disulfide group has been developed for the covalent immobilization of intact DNA, which allows quantitative analysis of epigenomic modification in immobilized DNA using SPR-based immune sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kurinomaru
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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24
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Liu FW, Liao HF, Lin SP, Lu YW. DNA methylation assay using droplet-based DNA melting curve analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:514-521. [PMID: 29327010 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which has drawn great attention in biomedical research due to its association with various diseases. A robust, inexpensive platform to detect and quantify the methylation status in a specific genomic region is necessary. In this study, an on-chip analytical technique of cytosine methylation with droplets in a microchannel is proposed. Genomic DNA samples are encapsulated into a series of droplets and transported through a detection region, where a stable temperature gradient is created. As the temperature is elevated from 60 °C to 85 °C, the DNA samples denature and the associated fluorescence signals decay, with the relationship being acquired as the melting curve. The droplets serve as discrete reactors for conducting DNA melting curve analysis in the liquid phase, thereby eliminating the need for immobilization of reagents. Due to a high heating rate and greater enhanced thermal stability, this microchip allows larger melting temperature differences for the samples at different percentages of methylated DNA. It has an enhanced discrimination ability and lower volume consumption, compared to the commercial qPCR machine. This chip enables quantification of the methylation levels of the pluripotent stem cell factor Oct-4 in its distal enhancer (DE) region, with a designed probe after bisulfite treatment and asymmetric PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-W Liu
- Dept. of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Optical biosensing strategies for DNA methylation analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:668-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Chowdhury B, Cho IH, Irudayaraj J. Technical advances in global DNA methylation analysis in human cancers. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:10. [PMID: 28261325 PMCID: PMC5331624 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototypical abnormalities of genome-wide DNA methylation constitute the most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism in human cancers. Errors in the cellular machinery to faithfully replicate the global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) patterns, commonly observed during tumorigenesis, give rise to misregulated biological pathways beneficial to the rapidly propagating tumor mass but deleterious to the healthy tissues of the affected individual. A growing body of evidence suggests that the global DNA methylation levels could serve as utilitarian biomarkers in certain cancer types. Important breakthroughs in the recent years have uncovered further oxidized derivatives of 5mC - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), thereby expanding our understanding of the DNA methylation dynamics. While the biological roles of these epigenetic derivatives are being extensively characterized, this review presents a perspective on the opportunity of innovation in the global methylation analysis platforms. While multiple methods for global analysis of 5mC in clinical samples exist and have been reviewed elsewhere, two of the established methods - Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Immunoquantification have successfully evolved to include the quantitation of 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC. Although the analytical performance of LC-MS/MS is superior, the simplicity afforded by the experimental procedure of immunoquantitation ensures it’s near ubiquity in clinical applications. Recent developments in spectroscopy, nanotechnology and sequencing also provide immense promise for future evaluations and are discussed briefly. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current scenario of global DNA methylation analysis tools and present suggestions to develop the next generation toolset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Il-Hoon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, 461-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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27
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Abstract
In the field of genetics, epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression without any change in DNA sequences. Chemical base modification in DNA by DNA methyltransferase, and specifically methylation, has been well studied as the main mechanism of epigenetics. Therefore, the determination of DNA methylation of, for example, 5'-methylcytosine in the CpG sequence in mammals has attracted attention because it should prove valuable in a wide range of research fields including diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapy. Methylated DNA bases and DNA methyltransferase activity are analyzed using conventional methods; however, these methods are time-consuming and require complex multiple operations. Therefore, new methods and devices for DNA methylation analysis are now being actively developed. Furthermore, microfluidic technology has also been applied to DNA methylation analysis because the microfluidic platform offers the promising advantage of making it possible to perform thousands of DNA methylation reactions in small reaction volumes, resulting in a high-throughput analysis with high sensitivity. This review discusses epigenetics and the microfluidic platforms developed for DNA methylation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan.
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28
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HASEGAWA K, MATSUMOTO M, HOSOKAWA K, MAEDA M. Detection of Methylated DNA on a Power-Free Microfluidic Chip with Laminar Flow-Assisted Dendritic Amplification. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:603-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki HASEGAWA
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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