1
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Zhai Z, Schoenmakers PJ, Gargano AFG. Identification of heavily glycated proteoforms by hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and native size-exclusion chromatography - High-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342543. [PMID: 38637052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and their advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with protein transformations such as in the development of diseases and biopharmaceutical storage. The characterization of heavily glycated proteins at the intact level is of high interest as it allows to describe co-occurring protein modifications. However, the high heterogeneity of glycated protein makes this process challenging, and novel methods are required to accomplish this. RESULTS In this study, we investigated two novel LC-HRMS methods to study glycated reference proteins at the intact protein level: low-flow hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and native size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Model proteins were exposed to conditions that favored extensive glycation and the formation of AGEs. After glycation, complicated MS spectra were observed, along with a sharply reduced signal response, possibly due to protein denaturation and the formation of aggregates. When using HILIC-MS, the glycated forms of the proteins could be resolved based on the number of reducing monosaccharides. Moreover, some positional glycated isomers were separated. The SEC-MS method under non-denaturing conditions provided insights into glycated aggregates but offered only a limited separation of glycated species based on molar mass. Overall, more than 25 different types of species were observed in both methods, differing in molar mass by 14-162 Da. 19 of these species have not been previously reported. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed strategies show great potential to characterize highly glycated intact proteins from native and denaturing perspectives and provide new opportunities for fast clinical diagnoses and investigating glycation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Zhai
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Anderson BG, Hancock TA, Kennedy RT. Preparation of high-efficiency HILIC capillary columns utilizing slurry packing at 2100 bar. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464856. [PMID: 38579610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Complex mixture analysis requires high-efficiency chromatography columns. Although reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the dominant approach for such mixtures, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is an important complement to RPLC by enabling the separation of polar compounds. Chromatography theory predicts that small particles and long columns will yield high efficiency; however, little work has been done to prepare HILIC columns longer than 25 cm packed with sub-2 μm particles. In this work, we tested the slurry packing of 75 cm long HILIC columns with 1.7 μm bridged-ethyl-hybrid amide HILIC particles at 2,100 bar (30,000 PSI). Acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, and water were tested as slurry solvents, with acetonitrile providing the best columns. Slurry concentrations of 50-200 mg/mL were assessed, and while 50-150 mg/mL provided comparable results, the 150 mg/mL columns provided the shortest packing times (9 min). Columns prepared using 150 mg/mL slurries in acetonitrile yielded a reduced minimum plate height (hmin) of 3.3 and an efficiency of 120,000 theoretical plates for acenaphthene, an unretained solute. Para-toluenesulfonic acid produced the lowest hmin of 1.9 and the highest efficiency of 210,000 theoretical plates. These results identify conditions for producing high-efficiency HILIC columns with potential applications to complex mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady G Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Tate A Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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3
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Kaulich PT, Cassidy L, Tholey A. Identification of proteoforms by top-down proteomics using two-dimensional low/low pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2200542. [PMID: 36815320 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In top-down (TD) proteomics, efficient proteoform separation is crucial to reduce the sample complexity and increase the depth of the analysis. Here, we developed a two-dimensional low pH/low pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation scheme for TD proteomics. The first dimension for offline fractionation was performed using a polymeric reversed-phase (PLRP-S) column with trifluoroacetic acid as ion-pairing reagent. The second dimension, a C4 nanocolumn with formic acid as ion-pairing reagent, was coupled online with a high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer. For both dimensions several parameters were optimized, such as the adaption of the LC gradients in the second dimension according to the elution time (i.e., fraction number) in the first dimension. Avoidance of elevated temperatures and prolonged exposure to acidic conditions minimized cleavage of acid labile aspartate-proline peptide bonds. Furthermore, a concatenation strategy was developed to reduce the total measurement time. We compared our low/low pH with a previously published high pH (C4, ammonium formate)/low pH strategy and found that both separation strategies led to complementary proteoform identifications, mainly below 20 kDa, with a higher number of proteoforms identified by the low/low pH separation. With the optimized separation scheme, more than 4900 proteoforms from 1250 protein groups were identified in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp T Kaulich
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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4
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van Schaick G, Wuhrer M, Domínguez-Vega E. Dopant-enriched nitrogen gas to boost ionization of glycoproteins analyzed with native liquid chromatography coupled to nano-electrospray ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1265:341271. [PMID: 37230565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteins carry a plethora of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glycosylation or phosphorylation, which may affect stability and activity. Analytical strategies are needed to investigate these PTMs in their native state to determine the link between structure and function. The coupling of native separation techniques with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for in-depth protein characterization. Yet obtaining high ionization efficiency still can be challenging. Here, we explored the potential of dopant-enriched nitrogen (DEN) gas to improve nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI)-MS of native proteins after anion exchange chromatography. The dopant gas was enriched with different dopants (acetonitrile, methanol, and isopropanol) and the effects were compared with the use of solely nitrogen gas for six proteins covering a wide range of physicochemical properties. The use of DEN gas resulted generally in lower charge states, independent of the selected dopant. Moreover, less adduct formation was observed, particularly for the acetonitrile-enriched nitrogen gas. Importantly, striking differences in MS signal intensity and spectral quality were observed for extensively glycosylated proteins, where isopropanol- and methanol-enriched nitrogen appeared to be most beneficial. Altogether, the use of DEN gas improved nano-ESI of native glycoproteins and increased spectral quality for highly glycosylated proteins that normally suffer from low ionization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guusje van Schaick
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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5
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Neef SK, Hofmann U, Mürdter TE, Schwab M, Haag M. Performance comparison of narrow-bore and capillary liquid-chromatography for non-targeted metabolomics profiling by HILIC-QTOF-MS. Talanta 2023; 260:124578. [PMID: 37119797 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical metabolomics studies often have to cope with limited sample amounts, thus miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) systems are a promising alternative. Their applicability has already been demonstrated in various fields, including a few metabolomics studies that mainly used reversed-phase chromatography. However, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), which is widely used in metabolomics due to its particular suitability for the analysis of polar molecules, has rarely been tested for miniaturized LC-MS analysis of small molecules. In the present work, the suitability of a capillary HILIC (CapHILIC)-QTOF-MS system for non-targeted metabolomics was evaluated based on extracts of porcine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The performance was assessed with respect to the number and retention time span of metabolic features as well as the analytical repeatability, the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal intensity of 16 annotated metabolites from different compound classes. The results were compared with a well established narrow-bore HILIC-QTOF-MS system. Both platforms have detected a similar number of features and performed excellent with respect to retention time stability (median RT span <0.05 min) and analytical repeatability (>75% of features with CV < 20%). The signal areas of all metabolites assessed were increased up to 18-fold by the use of CapHILIC, although the signal-to-noise ratio was only improved for 50% of the metabolites. An even better reproducibility (median CV = 5.2%) and up to 80-fold increase in signal intensity were observed after optimization of CapHILIC conditions for analysis of bile acid standard solutions. Even though the observed improvement for specific bile acids (e.g. taurocholic acid) in biological matrix needs to be evaluated, the platform comparison indicates, that the tested CapHILIC system is particularly suitable for analyses of a less broad metabolite spectrum, and specifically optimized chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K Neef
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas E Mürdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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6
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Influence of ion-pairing reagents on the separation of intact glycoproteins using hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463721. [PMID: 36565654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) of intact proteins offers high-resolution separations of glycoforms of glycoproteins differing in the number of (neutral) glycans. However, to obtain efficient separations it is essential that the positively charged sites of the proteins are shielded by acidic (negative) ion-pair reagents (IPRs), so as to enhance the contribution of the hydroxyl groups of the (neutral) sugars in the glycoprotein. Here, we studied the influence of various IPRs that differ in physico-chemical properties, such as hydrophobicity and acidity, on the capillary-scale HILIC separation of intact (glyco)proteins. We evaluated the use of fluoroacetic acid (MFA), difluoroacetic acid (DFA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) as diluents for sample preparation, as solvents for sample loading on a reversed-phase trap prior to the HILIC separation, and as mobile-phase components for HILIC and HILIC-MS. To reduce the contribution of ion-exchange interaction with the (silica-based) stationary phase, we used an acrylamide-based monolithic column. We studied the influence of the different IPRs on each step of the separation of a mixture of proteins of different size and hydrophilicity and on the separation of the five glycoforms of ribonuclease B. The content of IPR in the sample was shown not to affect the separation and the MS detection. However, a low content of TFA and DFA in the mobile phase is favourable, as it reduces adduct formation and leads to higher signal intensity. The optimized HILIC conditions successfully resolved nine major glycoforms groups of a ∼40 kDa glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase (HRP), as an example of a complex glycoprotein.
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7
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A Compendium of the Principal Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Where Have We Arrived? SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) today is a well-known and largely applied technique to analyse polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, proteins, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. Due to the large number of stationary phases employed for HILIC applications, this review aims to help the reader in choosing a proper stationary phase, which often represents the critical point for the success of a separation. A great offer is present for achiral applications in contrast to the chiral phases developed for HILIC enantioseparations. In the last case, up-to-date solutions are presented.
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8
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Zhang W, Xiang Y, Xu W. Probing protein higher-order structures by native capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Wilson J, Bilbao A, Wang J, Liao YC, Velickovic D, Wojcik R, Passamonti M, Zhao R, Gargano AFG, Gerbasi VR, Pas̆a-Tolić L, Baker SE, Zhou M. Online Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) Enhanced Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5909-5917. [PMID: 35380435 PMCID: PMC9003935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 cellular infection is mediated by the heavily glycosylated spike protein. Recombinant versions of the spike protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are necessary for seropositivity assays and can potentially serve as vaccines against viral infection. RBD plays key roles in the spike protein's structure and function, and thus, comprehensive characterization of recombinant RBD is critically important for biopharmaceutical applications. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been widely used to characterize post-translational modifications in proteins, including glycosylation. Most studies of RBDs were performed at the proteolytic peptide (bottom-up proteomics) or released glycan level because of the technical challenges in resolving highly heterogeneous glycans at the intact protein level. Herein, we evaluated several online separation techniques: (1) C2 reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), (2) capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and (3) acrylamide-based monolithic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) to separate intact recombinant RBDs with varying combinations of glycosylations (glycoforms) for top-down mass spectrometry (MS). Within the conditions we explored, the HILIC method was superior to RPLC and CZE at separating RBD glycoforms, which differ significantly in neutral glycan groups. In addition, our top-down analysis readily captured unexpected modifications (e.g., cysteinylation and N-terminal sequence variation) and low abundance, heavily glycosylated proteoforms that may be missed by using glycopeptide data alone. The HILIC top-down MS platform holds great potential in resolving heterogeneous glycoproteins for facile comparison of biosimilars in quality control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse
W. Wilson
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aivett Bilbao
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Biological
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratories, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yen-Chen Liao
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dusan Velickovic
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Roza Wojcik
- National
Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Marta Passamonti
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The
Netherlands
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrea F. G. Gargano
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The
Netherlands
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent R. Gerbasi
- Biological
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratories, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ljiljana Pas̆a-Tolić
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Scott E. Baker
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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10
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Kohler I, Verhoeven M, Haselberg R, Gargano AF. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography – mass spectrometry for metabolomics and proteomics: state-of-the-art and current trends. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Lan F, Wu Y. Hydrophilic magnetic covalent triazine frameworks for differential N-glycopeptides enrichment in breast cancer plasma membranes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:717-727. [PMID: 35015022 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in plasma membrane glycoproteins (PMGs) have been identified as a hallmark of cancer. The comparison and identification of differential PMGs is significant for finding new markers and understanding pathological processes. However, the research on PMGs is often constrained by the low abundance and the disturbance of abundant endogenous biomolecules during direct analysis. Here, we report a bottom-up strategy to enrich the PMGs of breast cancer cells using hydrophilic magnetic covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). A total of 972 N-glycopeptides and 1006 N-glycosites belonging to 526 N-glycoproteins were enriched in MCF-10A plasma membrane tryptic digest by magnetic CTFs. And 680 N-glycopeptides and 806 N-glycosites belonging to 443 N-glycoproteins were enriched in SK-BR-3 plasma membrane tryptic digest. Furthermore, comparative analysis was performed based on gene ontology to verify breast cancer biomarkers (SUSD2 and ALCAM) and differential PMGs' function. This strategy which systematically integrates efficient enrichment of differential PMGs and in-depth comparative analysis has great potential for helping illuminate the atlas of breast cancer PMGs and the causes of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yichun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Huinan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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12
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Passamonti M, de Roos C, Schoenmakers PJ, Gargano AFG. Poly(acrylamide- co- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide) Monoliths for High-Peak-Capacity Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteins at Low Trifluoroacetic Acid Content. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16000-16007. [PMID: 34807576 PMCID: PMC8655738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, we
optimized a polymerization mixture to synthesize
poly(acrylamide-co-N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) monolithic stationary phases for
hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) of intact proteins.
Thermal polymerization was performed, and the effects of varying the
amount of cross-linker and the porogen composition on the separation
performance of the resulting columns were studied. The homogeneity
of the structure and the different porosities were examined through
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further characterization of the
monolithic structure revealed a permeable (Kf between 2.5 × 10–15 and 1.40 ×
10–13 m2) and polar stationary phase
suitable for HILIC. The HILIC separation performance of the different
columns was assessed using gradient separation of a sample containing
four intact proteins, with the best performing stationary phase exhibiting
a peak capacity of 51 in a gradient of 25 min. Polyacrylamide-based
materials were compared with a silica-based particulate amide phase
(2.7 μm core–shell particles). The monolith has no residual
silanol sites and, therefore, fewer sites for ion-exchange interactions
with proteins. Thus, it required lower concentrations of ion-pair
reagent in HILIC of intact proteins. When using 0.1% of trifluoroacetic
acid (TFA), the peak capacities of the two columns were similar (30
and 34 for the monolithic and packed column, respectively). However,
when decreasing the concentration of TFA to 0.005%, the monolithic
column maintained similar separation performance and selectivity (peak
capacity 23), whereas the packed column showed greatly reduced performance
(peak capacity 12), lower selectivity, and inability to elute all
four reference proteins. Finally, using a mobile phase containing
0.1% formic acid and 0.005% TFA, the HILIC separation on the monolithic
column was successfully hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Detection sensitivity for protein and glycoproteins was increased
and the amount of adducts formed was decreased in comparison with
separations performed at 0.1% TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Passamonti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Chiem de Roos
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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13
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Han F, Li W, Jin Y, Wang F, Yuan B, Xu H. Rapid and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three First-Line Oral Antituberculosis Drug in Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:432-438. [PMID: 33434918 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantification of isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB) in plasma was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. After extracted by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on a Waters XBridge Amide column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.3% formic acid (77:23, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive mode by monitoring the selected ion transitions at m/z 205.2 → 116.1, m/z 137.9 → 121.2, m/z 124.3 → 78.9 and m/z 213.1 → 122.4 for EMB, INH, PZA and EMB-d8 Internal standard (IS), respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.0125-2.00 μg/mL for EMB, 0.0625-10.0 μg/mL for INH and 0.250-40.0 μg/mL for PZA. Neither cross-analytes inter-conversion nor matrix effects were observed. The intra- and inter-assay precision (%RSD) values were within 8.80%, and accuracy (%RE) ranged from -11.13 to 13.49%, indicating that the precision and accuracy were well within the acceptable limits of variation. The method would be helpful for analysis of EMB, INH and PZA in plasma samples from clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Microfluidic ion stripper for removal of trifluoroacetic acid from mobile phases used in HILIC-MS of intact proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4379-4386. [PMID: 34050389 PMCID: PMC8245364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is commonly used as mobile phase additive to improve retention and peak shape characteristics in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) of intact proteins. However, when using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection, TFA may cause ionization suppression and adduct formation, leading to reduced analyte sensitivity. To address this, we describe a membrane-based microfluidic chip with multiple parallel channels for the selective post-column removal of TFA anions from HILIC. An anion-exchange membrane was used to physically separate the column effluent from a stripper flow solution comprising acetonitrile, formic acid, and propionic acid. The exchange of ions allowed the post-column removal of TFA used during HILIC separation of model proteins. The multichannel design of the device allows the use of flow rates of 0.2 mL/min without the need for a flow splitter, using mobile phases containing 0.1% TFA (13 mM). Separation selectivity and efficiency were maintained (with minor band broadening effects) while increasing the signal intensity and peak areas by improving ionization and reducing TFA adduct formation.
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15
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Characterization of Glycosylated Proteins at Subunit Level by HILIC/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33908001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1241-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is considered as the reference analytical technique for glycans profiling, especially for the characterization of glycosylated protein therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and mAbs-related products. Although HILIC/MS is mainly known to profile enzymatically released and fluorescently labeled N-glycans, the recent commercialization of new widepore HILIC amide bonded stationary phases packed with sub-2 μm particles has allowed for remarkable separations also at the subunit level. Here, we describe a simple protocol to perform the mAb glycans profiling at subunit level by HILIC/MS.
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16
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Huang Y, Zhang Q, Yang L, Lin L, Xie J, Yao J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Shen H, Yang P. Puromycin-Modified Silica Microsphere-Based Nascent Proteomics Method for Rapid and Deep Nascent Proteome Profile. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6403-6413. [PMID: 33856767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nascent proteome is crucial in directly revealing how the expression of a gene is regulated on a translation level. In the nascent protein identification, puromycin capture is one of the pivotal methods, but it is still facing the challenge in the deep profiling of nascent proteomes due to the low abundance of most nascent proteins. Here, we describe the synthesis of puromycin-modified silica microspheres (PMSs) as the sorbent of dispersive solid-phase microextraction and the establishment of the PMS-based nascent proteomics (PMSNP) method for efficient capture and analysis of nascent proteins. The modification efficiency of puromycin groups on silica microspheres reached 91.8% through the click reaction. After the optimization and simplification of PMSNP, more than 3500 and 3900 nascent proteins were rapidly identified in HeLa cells and mouse brains within 13.5 h, respectively. The PMSNP method was successfully applied to explore changes in the translation process in a biological stress model, namely, the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HeLa cells. Biological functional analyses revealed the unique characters of the nascent proteomes and exhibited the superiority of the PMSNP in the identification of low abundance and secreted nascent proteins, thus demonstrating the sensitivity and immediacy of the PMSNP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Quanqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lujie Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Huali Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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17
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Mekapothula S, Wonanke ADD, Addicoat MA, Wallis JD, Boocock DJ, Cave GWV. A supramolecular cavitand for selective chromatographic separation of peptides using LC-MS/MS: a combined in silico and experimental approach. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chromatographic separation of proteomic standards via a silica immobilized pillararene cavitand has been designed in silico using host–guest binding energy studies and realized experimentally to selectively interact with peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - David J. Boocock
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Gareth W. V. Cave
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
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18
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Brown KA, Melby JA, Roberts DS, Ge Y. Top-down proteomics: challenges, innovations, and applications in basic and clinical research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:719-733. [PMID: 33232185 PMCID: PMC7864889 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1855982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction- A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of diseases is critical for developing more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutics toward precision medicine. However, many challenges remain to unravel the complex nature of diseases. Areas covered- Changes in protein isoform expression and post-translation modifications (PTMs) have gained recognition for their role in underlying disease mechanisms. Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is increasingly recognized as an important method for the comprehensive characterization of proteoforms that arise from alternative splicing events and/or PTMs for basic and clinical research. Here, we review the challenges, technological innovations, and recent studies that utilize top-down proteomics to elucidate changes in the proteome with an emphasis on its use to study heart diseases. Expert opinion- Proteoform-resolved information can substantially contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases and for the identification of novel proteoform targets for better therapeutic development . Despite the challenges of sequencing intact proteins, top-down proteomics has enabled a wealth of information regarding protein isoform switching and changes in PTMs. Continuous developments in sample preparation, intact protein separation, and instrumentation for top-down MS have broadened its capabilities to characterize proteoforms from a range of samples on an increasingly global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jake A. Melby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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19
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Characterization of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins Using Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Sénard T, Gargano AFG, Falck D, de Taeye SW, Rispens T, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M, Somsen GW, Domínguez-Vega E. MS-Based Allotype-Specific Analysis of Polyclonal IgG-Fc N-Glycosylation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2049. [PMID: 32973813 PMCID: PMC7472933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to study glycosylation of polyclonal human immunoglobulins G (IgG) usually imply protein digestion or glycan release. While these approaches allow in-depth characterization, they also result in a loss of valuable information regarding certain subclasses, allotypes and co-occuring post-translational modifications (PTMs). Unfortunately, the high variability of polyclonal IgGs makes their intact mass spectrometry (MS) analysis extremely challenging. We propose here a middle-up strategy for the analysis of the intact fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of human plasma IgGs, with the aim of acquiring integrated information of the N-glycosylation and other PTMs of subclasses and allotypes. Human plasma IgG was isolated using Fc-specific beads followed by an on-bead C H 2 domain digestion with the enzyme IdeS. The obtained mixture of Fc subunits was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) hyphenated with MS. CE-MS provided separation of different IgG-subclasses and allotypes, while HILIC-MS allowed resolution of the different glycoforms and their oxidized variants. The orthogonality of these techniques was key to reliably assign Fc allotypes. Five individual donors were analyzed using this approach. Heterozygosis was observed in all the analyzed donors resulting in a total of 12 allotypes identified. The assignments were further confirmed using recombinant monoclonal IgG allotypes as standards. While the glycosylation patterns were similar within allotypes of the same subclass, clear differences were observed between IgG subclasses and donors, highlighting the relevance of the proposed approach. In a single analysis, glycosylation levels specific for each allotype, relative abundances of subclasses and information on co-occurring modifications are obtained. This middle-up method represents an important step toward a comprehensive analysis of immunoglobulin G-Fc variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Analytical Chemistry Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Camperi J, Combès A, Fournier T, Pichon V, Delaunay N. Analysis of the human chorionic gonadotropin protein at the intact level by HILIC-MS and comparison with RPLC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4423-4432. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Zhou M, Uwugiaren N, Williams SM, Moore RJ, Zhao R, Goodlett D, Dapic I, Paša-Tolić L, Zhu Y. Sensitive Top-Down Proteomics Analysis of a Low Number of Mammalian Cells Using a Nanodroplet Sample Processing Platform. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7087-7095. [PMID: 32374172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Top-down proteomics is a powerful tool for characterizing genetic variations and post-translational modifications at intact protein level. However, one significant technical gap of top-down proteomics is the inability to analyze a low amount of biological samples, which limits its access to isolated rare cells, fine needle aspiration biopsies, and tissue substructures. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive top-down platform by incorporating a microfluidic sample preparation system, termed nanoPOTS (nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples), into a top-down proteomic workflow. A unique combination of a nonionic detergent dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside (DDM) with urea as protein extraction buffer significantly improved both protein extraction efficiency and sample recovery. We hypothesize that the DDM detergent improves protein recovery by efficiently reducing nonspecific adsorption of intact proteins on container surfaces, while urea serves as a strong denaturant to disrupt noncovalent complexes and release intact proteins for downstream analysis. The nanoPOTS-based top-down platform reproducibly and quantitatively identified ∼170 to ∼620 proteoforms from ∼70 to ∼770 HeLa cells containing ∼10 to ∼115 ng of total protein. A variety of post-translational modifications including acetylation, myristoylation, and iron binding were identified using only less than 800 cells. We anticipate the nanoPOTS top-down proteomics platform will be broadly applicable in biomedical research, particularly where clinical specimens are not available in amounts amenable to standard workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowei Zhou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Naomi Uwugiaren
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sarah M Williams
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - David Goodlett
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Irena Dapic
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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23
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Gargano A, Schouten O, van Schaick G, Roca L, van den Berg-Verleg J, Haselberg R, Akeroyd M, Abello N, Somsen G. Profiling of a high mannose-type N-glycosylated lipase using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1109:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Continued improvements in HPLC have led to faster and more efficient separations than previously possible. One important aspect of these improvements has been the increase in instrument operating pressure and the advent of ultrahigh pressure LC (UHPLC). Commercial instrumentation is now capable of up to ~20 kpsi, allowing fast and efficient separations with 5-15 cm columns packed with sub-2 μm particles. Home-built instruments have demonstrated the benefits of even further increases in instrument pressure. The focus of this review is on recent advancements and applications in liquid chromatography above 20 kpsi. We outline the theory and advantages of higher pressure and discuss instrument hardware and design capable of withstanding 20 kpsi or greater. We also overview column packing procedures and stationary phase considerations for HPLC above 20 kpsi, and lastly highlight a few recent applicatioob pressure instruments for the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brady G Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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25
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van Schaick G, Pirok BW, Haselberg R, Somsen GW, Gargano AF. Computer-aided gradient optimization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins and protein glycoforms. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Bults P, Spanov B, Olaleye O, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Intact protein bioanalysis by liquid chromatography – High-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:155-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Liang Y, Jin Y, Wu Z, Tucholski T, Brown KA, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ge Y. Bridged Hybrid Monolithic Column Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Top-Down Proteomics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1743-1747. [PMID: 30668094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become a powerful tool for comprehensive characterization of intact proteins. However, because of the high complexity of the proteome, highly effective separation of intact proteins from complex mixtures prior to MS analysis remains challenging. Monolithic columns have shown great promise for intact protein separation due to their high permeability, low backpressure, and fast mass transfer. Herein, for the first time, we developed bridged hybrid bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene (BTSEY) monolith with C8 functional groups (C8@BTSEY) for highly effective protein separation and coupled it to high-resolution MS for identification of intact proteins from complex protein mixtures. We have optimized mobile phase conditions of our monolith-based reverse-phase chromatography (RPC) for online liquid chromatography (LC)-MS analysis and evaluated separation reproducibility of the C8@BTSEY column. We further assessed the chromatographic performance of this column by separating a complex protein mixture extracted from swine heart tissue. Using our monolithic column (i.d. 100 μm × 35 cm), we separated over 300 proteoforms (up to 104 kDa) from 360 ng of protein mixture in an 80 min one-dimensional (1D) LC run. The highly effective separation and recovery of intact proteins from this monolithic column allowed unambiguous identification of ∼100 proteoforms including a large protein, αactinin2 (103.77 kDa), by online 1D LC-MS/MS analysis for the first time. As demonstrated, this C8@BTSEY column is reproducible and effective in separation of intact proteins, which shows high promise for top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Trisha Tucholski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Kyle A Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
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28
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (2015-mid 2018). J Sep Sci 2018; 42:398-414. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
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29
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Yuan H, Jiang B, Zhao B, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Multidimensional Separation for Proteome Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:264-276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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30
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Calvete JJ. Snake venomics – from low-resolution toxin-pattern recognition to toxin-resolved venom proteomes with absolute quantification. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:555-568. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1500904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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