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Yan M, Zhang N, Li X, Xu J, Lei H, Ma Q. Integrating Post-Ionization Separation via Differential Mobility Spectrometry into Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Toy Safety Screening. Anal Chem 2024; 96:265-271. [PMID: 38153235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) enables direct desorption and ionization of analytes, bypassing the time-consuming chromatographic separation traditionally required for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. However, DART-MS suffers from matrix interference of complex samples, resulting in compromised detection sensitivity and quantitation accuracy. In this study, DART-MS was combined with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) to provide an additional dimension of post-ionization ion mobility separation within a millisecond time scale, compensating for the lack of separation in DART-MS analysis. As proof-of-concept, primary aromatic amines (PAAs), a class of potentially hazardous chemicals, were analyzed in various toy products, including bubble solutions, finger paints, and plush toys. In addition to commercial Dip-it glass rod and metal mesh sampling tools, a customized rapid extractive evaporation device was designed for the accelerated extraction and sensitive analysis of solid toy samples. The incorporation of DMS in DART-MS analysis enabled the rapid separation and differentiation of isomeric analytes, leading to improved accuracy and reliability. The developed protocols were optimized and validated, achieving good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and acceptable repeatability with relative standard deviations less than 10%. Moreover, satisfactory sensitivity was realized with limits of detection and quantitation ranges of 0.2-5 and 1-20 μg/kg (μg/L) for the 11 PAA analytes. The established methodology was applied for the analysis of real toy samples (n = 18), which confirmed its appealing potential for toy safety screening and consumer health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Beijing Anti-Doping Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
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2
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Villacob RA, Feizi N, Beno SC, Solouki T. Collision-Induced Unfolding, Tandem MS, Bottom-up Proteomics, and Interactomics for Identification of Protein Complexes in Native Surface Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:13-30. [PMID: 38095581 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Endogenously occurring salts and nonvolatile matrix components in untreated biological surfaces can suppress protein ionization and promote adduct formation, challenging protein identification. Characterization of labile proteins within biological specimens is particularly demanding because additional purification or sample treatment steps can be time-intensive and can disrupt noncovalent interactions. It is demonstrated that the combined use of collision-induced unfolding, tandem mass spectrometry, and bottom-up proteomics improves protein characterization in native surface mass spectrometry (NSMS). This multiprong analysis is achieved by acquiring NSMS, MS/MS, ion mobility (IM), and bottom-up proteomics data from a single surface extracted sample. The validity of this multiprong approach was confirmed by the successful characterization of nine surface-deposited proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 147 kDa, in two separate mixtures. Bottom-up proteomics provided a list of proteins to match against observed proteins in NSMS and their detected subunits in tandem MS. The method was applied to characterize endogenous proteins from untreated chicken liver samples. The subcapsular liver sampling for NSMS analysis allowed for the detection of endogenous proteins with molecular weights of up to ∼220 kDa. Moreover, using IM-MS, collision cross sections and collision-induced unfolding pathways of enzymatic proteins and protein complexes of up to 145 kDa were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Villacob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Neda Feizi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sarah C Beno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Touradj Solouki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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3
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Nickerson JL, Baghalabadi V, Rajendran SRCK, Jakubec PJ, Said H, McMillen TS, Dang Z, Doucette AA. Recent advances in top-down proteome sample processing ahead of MS analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:457-495. [PMID: 34047392 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Top-down proteomics is emerging as a preferred approach to investigate biological systems, with objectives ranging from the detailed assessment of a single protein therapeutic, to the complete characterization of every possible protein including their modifications, which define the human proteoform. Given the controlling influence of protein modifications on their biological function, understanding how gene products manifest or respond to disease is most precisely achieved by characterization at the intact protein level. Top-down mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of proteins entails unique challenges associated with processing whole proteins while maintaining their integrity throughout the processes of extraction, enrichment, purification, and fractionation. Recent advances in each of these critical front-end preparation processes, including minimalistic workflows, have greatly expanded the capacity of MS for top-down proteome analysis. Acknowledging the many contributions in MS technology and sample processing, the present review aims to highlight the diverse strategies that have forged a pathway for top-down proteomics. We comprehensively discuss the evolution of front-end workflows that today facilitate optimal characterization of proteoform-driven biology, including a brief description of the clinical applications that have motivated these impactful contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venus Baghalabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Subin R C K Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philip J Jakubec
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hammam Said
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Teresa S McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ziheng Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alan A Doucette
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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4
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Das S, Bhatia R. Liquid extraction surface analysis-mass spectrometry: An advanced and environment-friendly analytical tool in modern analysis. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2746-2765. [PMID: 35579471 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis technique is a new high-throughput instrument for ambient mass spectrometry. The benefits of the Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Mass Spectrometry approach are the high throughput screening of samples and the absence of sample preparation. Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Mass Spectrometry also consumes less solvent for extraction, making it more environmentally friendly and there is no substrate restriction. It utilizes advanced instrumentation like the use of robotic pipettes, nanoelectrospray systems, electronspray ionization chips which makes it highly efficient. In recent years, Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Mass Spectrometry has seen widespread use in a variety of analytical fields including drug metabolite analysis, mapping drug distribution in tissues, protein and lipid characterization etc. In this review, we have summarized the basic working principles of the Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Mass Spectrometry approach in detail along with a detailed description of the recently reported applications in the analysis of proteins, lipids, drugs and foods. The investigated analytes along with detection methodologies and significant outcomes of various research reports have been presented with the help of tables. This tool has also been utilized in clinical investigations of biological fluids, fingerprint analysis and authentication of agarwood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibam Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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5
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Griffiths RL. Surface‐sampling mass spectrometry and imaging: Direct analysis of bacterial species. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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6
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Havlikova J, May RC, Styles IB, Cooper HJ. Direct identification of bacterial and human proteins from infected wounds in living 3D skin models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11900. [PMID: 32681099 PMCID: PMC7368034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in people under the age of 49 and complications due to wound infection are the primary cause of death in the first few days after injury. The ESKAPE pathogens are a group of bacteria that are a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections and a major concern in terms of antibiotic resistance. Here, we demonstrate a novel and highly accurate approach for the rapid identification of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) directly from infected wounds in 3D in vitro skin models. Wounded skin models were inoculated with bacteria and left to incubate. Bacterial proteins were identified within minutes, directly from the wound, by liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry. This approach was able to distinguish closely related strains and, unlike genomic approaches, can be modified to provide dynamic information about pathogen behaviour at the wound site. In addition, since human skin proteins were also identified, this method offers the opportunity to analyse both host and pathogen biomarkers during wound infection in near real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Havlikova
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robin C May
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iain B Styles
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, Birmingham, UK.,Alan Turing Institute, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Hale OJ, Illes-Toth E, Mize TH, Cooper HJ. High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Native Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Intact Protein Assemblies and Protein Complexes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6811-6816. [PMID: 32343119 PMCID: PMC7304667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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High-field asymmetric
waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)
enables the separation of ions on the basis of their differential
mobility in an asymmetric oscillating electric field. We, and others,
have previously demonstrated the benefits of FAIMS for the analysis
of peptides and denatured proteins. To date, FAIMS has not been integrated
with native mass spectrometry of folded proteins and protein complexes,
largely due to concerns over the heating effects associated with the
high electric fields employed. Here, we demonstrate the newly introduced
cylindrical FAIMS Pro device coupled with an Orbitrap Eclipse enables
analysis of intact protein assemblies up to 147 kDa. No evidence for
dissociation was detected suggesting that any field heating is insufficient
to disrupt the noncovalent interactions governing these assemblies.
Moreover, the FAIMS device was integrated into native liquid extraction
surface analysis (LESA) MS of protein assemblies directly from thin
tissue sections. Intact tetrameric hemoglobin (64 kDa) and trimeric
reactive intermediate deiminase A (RidA, 43 kDa) were detected. Improvements
in signal-to-noise of between 1.5× and 12× were observed
for these protein assemblies on integration of FAIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hale
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eva Illes-Toth
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Todd H Mize
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
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8
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Hale OJ, Cooper HJ. In situ mass spectrometry analysis of intact proteins and protein complexes from biological substrates. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:317-326. [PMID: 32010951 PMCID: PMC7054757 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in sample preparation, ion sources and mass spectrometer technology have enabled the detection and characterisation of intact proteins. The challenges associated include an appropriately soft ionisation event, efficient transmission and detection of the often delicate macromolecules. Ambient ion sources, in particular, offer a wealth of strategies for analysis of proteins from solution environments, and directly from biological substrates. The last two decades have seen rapid development in this area. Innovations include liquid extraction surface analysis, desorption electrospray ionisation and nanospray desorption electrospray ionisation. Similarly, developments in native mass spectrometry allow protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes to be ionised and analysed. Identification and characterisation of these large ions involves a suite of hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques, often including the coupling of ion mobility spectrometry and fragmentation techniques. The latter include collision, electron and photon-induced methods, each with their own characteristics and benefits for intact protein identification. In this review, recent developments for in situ protein analysis are explored, with a focus on ion sources and tandem mass spectrometry techniques used for identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Hale
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Helen J. Cooper
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
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9
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Fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry as an effective tool for rapid and high-throughput screening of 5α-reductase inhibitors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1685-1692. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Kocurek KI, Havlikova J, Buchan E, Tanner A, May RC, Cooper HJ. Electroporation and Mass Spectrometry: A New Paradigm for In Situ Analysis of Intact Proteins Direct from Living Yeast Colonies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2605-2611. [PMID: 31922714 PMCID: PMC7145282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Yeasts
constitute an oft-neglected class of pathogens among which the resistance
to first-line treatments, attributed in part to mutations in efflux
pumps, is rapidly emerging. Their thick, chitin-reinforced cell walls
render cell lysis difficult, complicating their analysis and identification
by methods routinely used for bacteria, including matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
Liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) has
previously been applied to the analysis of intact proteins from Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacterial colonies sampled directly on solid nutrient
media. To date, a similar analysis of yeast colonies has not proved
possible. Here we demonstrate the rapid release of intact yeast proteins
for LESA-MS by electroporation using a home-built high-voltage device
designed to lyse cells grown in colonies on agar media. Detection
and identification of previously inaccessible proteins from baker’s
yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as two clinically
relevant yeast species (Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans), is shown. The electroporation
approach also has the potential to be translated to other mass spectrometric
analysis techniques, including MALDI and various ambient ionization
methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia I Kocurek
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Jana Havlikova
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Emma Buchan
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Andrew Tanner
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Robin C May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
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