1
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Lü Z, Dai X, Xu J, Liu Z, Guo Y, Gao Z, Meng F. Medicinal chemistry strategies toward broad-spectrum antiviral agents to prevent next pandemics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116442. [PMID: 38685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic and tremendous impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 alert us, despite great achievements in prevention and control of infectious diseases, we still lack universal and powerful antiviral strategies to rapidly respond to the potential threat of serious infectious disease. Various highly contagious and pathogenic viruses, as well as other unknown viruses may appear or reappear in human society at any time, causing a catastrophic epidemic. Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with high security and efficiency is of great significance for timely meeting public health emergency and protecting the lives and health of the people. Hence, in this review, we summarized diverse broad-spectrum antiviral targets and corresponding agents from a medicinal chemistry prospective, compared the pharmacological advantages and disadvantages of different targets, listed representative agents, showed their structures, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics characteristics, and conducted a critical discussion on their development potential, in the hope of providing up-to-date guidance for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and perspectives for applications of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lü
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xiandong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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2
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Nakagawa Y, Fujii M, Ito N, Ojika M, Akase D, Aida M, Kinoshita T, Sakurai Y, Yasuda J, Igarashi Y, Ito Y. Molecular basis of N-glycan recognition by pradimicin a and its potential as a SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117732. [PMID: 38643719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Virus entry inhibitors are emerging as an attractive class of therapeutics for the suppression of viral transmission. Naturally occurring pradimicin A (PRM-A) has received particular attention as the first-in-class entry inhibitor that targets N-glycans present on viral surface. Despite the uniqueness of its glycan-targeted antiviral activity, there is still limited knowledge regarding how PRM-A binds to viral N-glycans. Therefore, in this study, we performed binding analysis of PRM-A with synthetic oligosaccharides that reflect the structural motifs characteristic of viral N-glycans. Binding assays and molecular modeling collectively suggest that PRM-A preferentially binds to branched oligomannose motifs of N-glycans via simultaneous recognition of two mannose residues at the non-reducing ends. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that PRM-A can effectively inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in vitro. Significantly, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of PRM-A is attenuated in the presence of the synthetic branched oligomannose, suggesting that the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection is due to the interaction of PRM-A with the branched oligomannose-containing N-glycans. These data provide essential information needed to understand the antiviral mechanism of PRM-A and suggest that PRM-A could serve as a candidate SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor targeting N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nanaka Ito
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dai Akase
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Aida
- Office of Research and Academia-Government-Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kinoshita
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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3
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Milanesi F, Roelens S, Francesconi O. Towards Biomimetic Recognition of Glycans by Synthetic Receptors. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300598. [PMID: 37942862 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundant in Nature, where they are mostly assembled within glycans as free polysaccharides or conjugated to a variety of biological molecules such as proteins and lipids. Glycans exert several functions, including protein folding, stability, solubility, resistance to proteolysis, intracellular traffic, antigenicity, and recognition by carbohydrate-binding proteins. Interestingly, misregulation of their biosynthesis that leads to changes in glycan structures is frequently recognized as a mark of a disease state. Because of glycan ubiquity, carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) targeting glycans can lead to a deeper understanding of their function and to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic strategies. Synthetic receptors selectively recognizing specific carbohydrates of biological interest have been developed over the past three decades. In addition to the success obtained in the effective recognition of monosaccharides, synthetic receptors recognizing more complex guests have also been developed, including di- and oligosaccharide fragments of glycans, shedding light on the structural and functional requirements necessary for an effective receptor. In this review, the most relevant achievements in molecular recognition of glycans and their fragments will be summarized, highlighting potentials and future perspectives of glycan-targeting synthetic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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4
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Zhou H, Shiel E, Bell T, Lin S, Lenhert S. Kinetic Mechanism of Surfactant-Based Molecular Recognition: Selective Permeability across an Oil-Water Interface Regulated by Supramolecular Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10201-10214. [PMID: 37972386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are known to play a vital role in the molecular organization of all cellular life. Molecular recognition is another fundamental biological process that is generally attributed to biological polymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, there is evidence that aggregates of lipids and lipid-like molecules are also capable of selectively binding to or regulating the partitioning of other molecules. We previously demonstrated that a model two-phase octanol/water system can selectively partition Red 40 and Blue 1 dyes added to an aqueous phase, with the selectivity depending on the surfactant (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) dissolved in the organic phase. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of molecular recognition in this system by using quantitative partitioning experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our results indicate that the selectivity for the red dye is thermodynamically favored at all surfactant concentrations, while selectivity for the blue dye is kinetically favored at high surfactant concentrations. The kinetic selectivity for the blue dye correlates with the presence of molecular aggregation at the oil-water interface. Coarse-grained MD simulations elucidate nanoscale supramolecular structures that can preferentially bind one small molecule rather than another at an interface, providing a selectively permeable barrier in the absence of proteins. The results suggest a new supramolecular mechanism for molecular recognition with potential applications in drug delivery, drug discovery, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhou
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Emily Shiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tracey Bell
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Shangchao Lin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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5
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Espinoza-Chávez R, Salerno A, Liuzzi A, Ilari A, Milelli A, Uliassi E, Bolognesi ML. Targeted Protein Degradation for Infectious Diseases: from Basic Biology to Drug Discovery. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:32-45. [PMID: 37101607 PMCID: PMC10125329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is emerging as one of the most innovative strategies to tackle infectious diseases. Particularly, proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC)-mediated protein degradation may offer several benefits over classical anti-infective small-molecule drugs. Because of their peculiar and catalytic mechanism of action, anti-infective PROTACs might be advantageous in terms of efficacy, toxicity, and selectivity. Importantly, PROTACs may also overcome the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, anti-infective PROTACs might have the potential to (i) modulate "undruggable" targets, (ii) "recycle" inhibitors from classical drug discovery approaches, and (iii) open new scenarios for combination therapies. Here, we try to address these points by discussing selected case studies of antiviral PROTACs and the first-in-class antibacterial PROTACs. Finally, we discuss how the field of PROTAC-mediated TPD might be exploited in parasitic diseases. Since no antiparasitic PROTAC has been reported yet, we also describe the parasite proteasome system. While in its infancy and with many challenges ahead, we hope that PROTAC-mediated protein degradation for infectious diseases may lead to the development of next-generation anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío
Marisol Espinoza-Chávez
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salerno
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anastasia Liuzzi
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Pathology of the Italian National Research
Council (IBPM-CNR) - Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Pathology of the Italian National Research
Council (IBPM-CNR) - Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Milanesi F, Unione L, Ardá A, Nativi C, Jiménez-Barbero J, Roelens S, Francesconi O. Biomimetic Tweezers for N-Glycans: Selective Recognition of the Core GlcNAc 2 Disaccharide of the Sialylglycopeptide SGP. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203591. [PMID: 36597924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, glycomics have shown how pervasive the role of carbohydrates in biological systems is and how chemical tools are essential to investigate glycan function and modulate carbohydrate-mediated processes. Biomimetic receptors for carbohydrates can carry out this task but, although significant affinities and selectivities toward simple saccharides have been achieved, targeting complex glycoconjugates remains a goal yet unattained. In this work we report the unprecedented recognition of a complex biantennary sialylglycopeptide (SGP) by a tweezers-shaped biomimetic receptor, which selectively binds to the core GlcNAc2 disaccharide of the N-glycan with an affinity of 170 μM. Because of the simple structure and the remarkable binding ability, this biomimetic receptor can represent a versatile tool for glycoscience, opening the way to useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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7
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Carbohydrates: Binding Sites and Potential Drug Targets for Neural-Affecting Pathogens. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:449-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Leibiger B, Stapf M, Mazik M. Cycloalkyl Groups as Building Blocks of Artificial Carbohydrate Receptors: Studies with Macrocycles Bearing Flexible Side-Arms. Molecules 2022; 27:7630. [PMID: 36364458 PMCID: PMC9654292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclopentyl group was expected to act as a building block for artificial carbohydrate receptors and to participate in van der Waals contacts with the carbohydrate substrate in a similar way as observed for the pyrrolidine ring of proline in the crystal structures of protein-carbohydrate complexes. Systematic binding studies with a series of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes bearing various cycloalkyl groups as recognition units provided indications of the involvement of these groups in the complexation process and showed the influence of the ring size on the receptor efficiency. Representatives of compounds that exhibit a macrocyclic backbone and flexible side arms were now chosen as further model systems to investigate whether the previously observed effects represent a general trend. Binding studies with these macrocycles towards β-D-glucopyranoside, an all-equatorial substituted carbohydrate substrate, included 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations and microcalorimetric investigations. The performed studies confirmed the previously observed tendency and showed that the compound bearing cyclohexyl groups displays the best binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Mazik
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
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9
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Tapia B, Yagudayeva G, Bravo MF, Thakur K, Braunschweig AB, Marianski M. Binding of synthetic carbohydrate receptors to enveloped virus glycans: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108574. [PMID: 35617913 PMCID: PMC9080030 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Can envelope glycans be targeted to stop viral pandemics? Here we address this question by using molecular dynamics simulations to study the binding between 10 synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) and the 33 N-glycans most commonly found on the surfaces of enveloped viruses, including Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2. Based on association quotients derived from these simulations, we classified the SCRs as weak binders, promiscuous binders, or selective binders. The SCRs almost exclusively associate at the Man3GlcNAc2 core, which is common to all N-glycans, but the binding affinity between the SCR⋅glycan pair depends on the noncovalent interactions between the heterocycle rings and the glycan antennae. Systematic variations in the glycan and SCR structures reveal relationships that could guide the design of SCRs to attain affinity and selectivity towards a chosen envelope glycan target. With these results, envelope glycans, which are currently considered "undruggable", could become viable targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beicer Tapia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Genrietta Yagudayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - M Fernando Bravo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Khushabu Thakur
- Advanced Science Research Center of The City University of New York, 85 Nicolas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA; The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Advanced Science Research Center of The City University of New York, 85 Nicolas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA; The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Advanced Science Research Center of The City University of New York, 85 Nicolas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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10
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Francesconi O, Donnici L, Fragai M, Pesce E, Bombaci M, Fasciani A, Manganaro L, Conti M, Grifantini R, De Francesco R, Nativi C, Roelens S. Synthetic carbohydrate-binding agents neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting binding of the spike protein to ACE2. iScience 2022; 25:104239. [PMID: 35434540 PMCID: PMC8996466 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies against the SARS-CoV-2 is currently a main research subject. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells by binding to human ACE2 receptors. Both, virus and ACE2, are highly glycosylated, and exploiting glycans of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope as binding sites for ACE2 represents a virus strategy for attacking the human host. We report here that a family of mannose-binding synthetic carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing broad neutralizing activity vs. several variants of the spike protein. Preliminary tests indicated that the investigated CBAs interact with the spike protein rather than with ACE2. For a lead compound (IDS060), which has been selected among others for its lack of cytotoxicity, evidence of binding to the RBD of the spike protein has been found by NMR experiments, while competitive binding assays in the presence of IDS060 showed inhibition of binding of RBD to hACE2, although neutralizing activity was also observed with variants showing reduced or depleted binding. Mannose-binding CBAs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection showing broad neutralizing activity CBAs interact with the spike protein rather than with ACE2 receptors The non-toxic CBA IDS060 binds to the spike RBD and inhibits binding of RBD to hACE2
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francesconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, DICUS, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Dipartimento di Chimica, DICUS, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fasciani
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Manganaro
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Fondazione INGM - Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, DICUS, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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11
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Thakur K, Shlain MA, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Regiochemical Effects on the Carbohydrate Binding and Selectivity of Flexible Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors with Indole and Quinoline Heterocyclic Groups. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:5262-5274. [PMID: 35694139 PMCID: PMC9186342 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) that bind cell-surface carbohydrates could be used for disease detection, drug-delivery, and therapeutics, or for the site-selective modification of complex carbohydrates but their potential has not been realized because of remaining challenges associated with binding affinity and substrate selectivity. We have reported recently a series of flexible SCRs based upon a biaryl core with four pendant heterocyclic groups that bind glycans selectively through noncovalent interactions. Here we continue to explore the role of heterocycles on substrate selectivity by expanding our library to include a series of indole and quinoline heterocycles that vary in their regiochemistry of attachment to the biaryl core. The binding of these SCRs to a series of biologically-relevant carbohydrates was studied by 1H NMR titrations in CD2Cl2 and density-functional theory calculations. We find SCR030, SCR034 and SCR037 are selective, SCR031, SCR032, and SCR039 are strong binders, and SCR033, SCR035, SCR036, and SCR038 are promiscuous and bind weakly. Computational analysis reveals the importance of C-H⋯π and H-bonding interactions in defining the binding properties of these new receptors. By combining these data with those obtained from our previous studies on this class of flexible SCRs, we develop a series of design rules that account for the binding of all SCRs of this class and anticipate the binding of future, not-yet imagined tetrapodal SCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushabu Thakur
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Milan A Shlain
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
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12
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Francesconi O, Milanesi F, Nativi C, Roelens S. Molecular Recognition of Disaccharides in Water: Preorganized Macrocyclic or Adaptive Acyclic? Chemistry 2021; 27:10456-10460. [PMID: 33945180 PMCID: PMC8361761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
When facing the dilemma of following a preorganized or adaptive design approach in conceiving the architecture of new biomimetic receptors for carbohydrates, shape-persistent macrocyclic structures were most often chosen to achieve effective recognition of neutral saccharides in water. In contrast, acyclic architectures have seldom been explored, even though potentially simpler and more easily accessible. In this work, comparison of the binding properties of two structurally related diaminocarbazolic receptors, featuring a macrocyclic and an acyclic tweezer-shaped architecture, highlighted the advantages provided by the acyclic receptor in terms of selectivity in the recognition of 1,4-disaccharides of biological interest. Selective recognition of GlcNAc2 , the core fragment of N-glycans exposed on the surface of enveloped viruses, stands as an emblematic example. NMR spectroscopic data and molecular modeling calculations were used to ascertain the differences in binding mode and to shed light on the origin of recognition efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and INSTMUniversity of FlorencePolo Scientifico e Tecnologico50019Sesto Fiorentino, FirenzeItaly
| | - Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and INSTMUniversity of FlorencePolo Scientifico e Tecnologico50019Sesto Fiorentino, FirenzeItaly
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERMVia L. Sacconi 650019Sesto Fiorentino, FirenzeItaly
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and INSTMUniversity of FlorencePolo Scientifico e Tecnologico50019Sesto Fiorentino, FirenzeItaly
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and INSTMUniversity of FlorencePolo Scientifico e Tecnologico50019Sesto Fiorentino, FirenzeItaly
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13
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Köhler L, Hübler C, Seichter W, Mazik M. Binding modes of methyl α-d-glucopyranoside to an artificial receptor in crystalline complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22221-22229. [PMID: 35480817 PMCID: PMC9034237 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to the numerous X-ray crystal structures of protein-carbohydrate complexes, the successful elucidation of the crystal structures of complexes between artificial receptors and carbohydrates has been very rarely reported in the literature. In this work, we describe the binding modes of two complexes formed between methyl α-d-glucopyranoside and an artificial receptor belonging to the class of compounds consisting of a 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-trialkylbenzene scaffold. It is particularly noteworthy that these two complexes are present in one crystal structure, as was observed by us for the first time in the case of the recently reported three crystal structures of the complexes with methyl β-d-glucopyranoside, each containing two different receptor-carbohydrate complexes. The noncovalent interactions stabilizing the new complexes are compared with those observed in the aforementioned crystalline complexes with methyl β-d-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Köhler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany https://tu-freiberg.de/fakultaet2/orgch +49 3731393170 +49 3731392389
| | - Conrad Hübler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany https://tu-freiberg.de/fakultaet2/orgch +49 3731393170 +49 3731392389
| | - Wilhelm Seichter
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany https://tu-freiberg.de/fakultaet2/orgch +49 3731393170 +49 3731392389
| | - Monika Mazik
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany https://tu-freiberg.de/fakultaet2/orgch +49 3731393170 +49 3731392389
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14
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Frank J. "Just in Time": The Role of Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Combating Recent Pandemics. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3449-3451. [PMID: 34077195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), whose full power was not realized until the advent of powerful detectors in 2012, has a unique position as a method of structure determination as it is capable of providing information about not only the structure but also the dynamical features of biomolecules. This information is of special importance in understanding virus-host interaction and explains the crucial role of cryo-EM in the efforts to find vaccinations and cures for pandemics the world has experienced in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
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15
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Derakhshan MA, Amani A, Faridi-Majidi R. State-of-the-Art of Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14816-14843. [PMID: 33779135 PMCID: PMC8028022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, with millions of infected patients worldwide, has severely challenged all aspects of public health. In this regard, early and rapid detection of infected cases and providing effective therapeutics against the virus are in urgent demand. Along with conventional clinical protocols, nanomaterial-based diagnostics and therapeutics hold a great potential against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indeed, nanoparticles with their outstanding characteristics would render additional advantages to the current approaches for rapid and accurate diagnosis and also developing prophylactic vaccines or antiviral therapeutics. In this review, besides presenting an overview of the coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, we discuss the introduced nanomaterial-based detection assays and devices and also antiviral formulations and vaccines for coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Derakhshan
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and
Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine
and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural
Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Francesconi O, Milanesi F, Nativi C, Roelens S. A Simple Biomimetic Receptor Selectively Recognizing the GlcNAc 2 Disaccharide in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11168-11172. [PMID: 33666317 PMCID: PMC8252438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GlcNAc2 is the core disaccharide fragment present in N-glycans exposed on the surface of enveloped viruses of high health concern, such as coronaviruses. Because N-glycans are directly involved in the docking of viruses to host cells, recognition of GlcNAc2 by a biomimetic receptor may be a convenient alternative to the use of lectins to interfere with viral entry and infection. Herein, we describe a simple biomimetic receptor recognizing the methyl-β-glycoside of GlcNAc2 in water with an unprecedented affinity of 160 μM, exceeding that of more structurally complex receptors reported in the literature. The tweezers-shaped acyclic structure exhibits marked selectivity among structurally related disaccharides, and complete discrimination between mono- and disaccharides. Molecular modelling calculations supported by NOE data provided a three-dimensional description of the binding mode, shedding light on the origin of the affinities and selectivities exhibited by the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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