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Zashikhina N, Gladnev S, Sharoyko V, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Tennikova T. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticle-Based Dexamethasone-Polypeptide Conjugates as Potential Intravitreal Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043702. [PMID: 36835114 PMCID: PMC9962198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of dexamethasone for eye disease treatment is limited by its low solubility, bioavailability, and rapid elimination when applied topically. The covalent conjugation of dexamethasone with polymeric carriers is a promising strategy to overcome existing drawbacks. In this work, amphiphilic polypeptides capable of self-assembly into nanoparticles were proposed as potential delivery systems for intravitreal delivery. The nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using poly(L-glutamic acid-co-D-phenylalanine) and poly(L-lysine-co-D/L-phenylalanine) as well as poly(L-lysine-co-D/L-phenylalanine) covered with heparin. The critical association concentration for the polypeptides obtained was in the 4.2-9.4 μg/mL range. The hydrodynamic size of the formed nanoparticles was between 90 and 210 nm, and they had an index of polydispersity between 0.08 and 0.27 and an absolute zeta-potential value between 20 and 45 mV. The ability of nanoparticles to migrate in the vitreous humor was examined using intact porcine vitreous. Conjugation of DEX with polypeptides was performed by additional succinylation of DEX and activation of carboxyl groups introduced to react with primary amines in polypeptides. The structures of all intermediate and final compounds were verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The amount of conjugated DEX can be varied from 6 to 220 µg/mg of polymer. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticle-based conjugates was increased to 200-370 nm, depending on the polymer sample and drug loading. The release of DEX from the conjugates due to hydrolysis of the ester bond between DEX and the succinyl moiety was studied both in a buffer medium and a vitreous/buffer mixture (50/50, v/v). As expected, the release in the vitreous medium was faster. However, the release rate could be controlled in the range of 96-192 h by varying the polymer composition. In addition, several mathematical models were used to assess the release profiles and figure out how DEX is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zashikhina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Sergei Gladnev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L’va Tolstogo str. 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Viktor Korzhikov-Vlakh
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
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In Situ SERS Sensing by a Laser-Induced Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles Templated on a Thermoresponsive Polymer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080628. [PMID: 36005026 PMCID: PMC9405980 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive (pH- and thermoresponsive) micelle-forming diblock copolymer, poly(1,2-butadiene)290-block-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)240 (PB-b-PDMAEMA), was used as a polymer template for the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through Ag+ complexation with PDMAEMA blocks, followed by the reduction of the bound Ag+ with sodium borohydride. A successful synthesis of the AgNPs on a PB-b-PDMAEMA micellar template was confirmed by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, wherein the shape and size of the AgNPs were determined. A phase transition of the polymer matrix in the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids, which results from a collapse and aggregation of PDMAEMA blocks, was manifested by changes in the transmittance of their aqueous solutions as a function of temperature. A SERS reporting probe, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA), was used to demonstrate a laser-induced enhancement of the SERS signal observed under constant laser irradiation. The local heating of the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA sample in the laser spot is thought to be responsible for the triggered SERS effect, which is caused by the approaching of AgNPs and the generation of “hot spots” under a thermo-induced collapse and the aggregation of the PDMAEMA blocks of the polymer matrix. The triggered SERS effect depends on the time of a laser exposure and on the concentration of 4-MPBA. Possible mechanisms of the laser-induced heating for the AgNPs/PB-b-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids are discussed.
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Micrometric DNA/PEI polyplexes correlate with higher transient gene expression yields in HEK 293 cells. N Biotechnol 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Diaz IL, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Perez LD. Development of poly(ethyleneimine) grafted amphiphilic copolymers: Evaluation of their cytotoxicity and ability to complex DNA. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211053925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is one of the most widely used cationic polymers for gene delivery. The high molecular weight polymer, which is commercially available, is highly efficient but also very cytotoxic. The reduction in charge density by using nonlinear architectures based on low molecular weight (LMW) PEI is a promising approach to produce safer DNA-vectors. Herein, a group of cationic graft copolymers with different composition containing a hydrophobic biocompatible backbone and LMW linear PEI (lPEI) grafts obtained by ring opening polymerization and click chemistry was studied. The self-assembly and DNA complexation behavior of these materials was analyzed by the gel retardation assay, zeta potential measurements, and dynamic light scattering. The copolymers formed positively charged particles in water with average sizes between 270 and 377 nm. After they were added to DNA in serum-free medium, these particles acquired negative/near-neutral charges and increased in size depending on the N/P ratio. All copolymers showed reduced cytotoxicity compared to the 25 kDa lPEI used as reference, but the transfection efficiency was reduced. This result suggested that the cationic segments were too small to fully condense the DNA and promote cellular uptake, even with the use of several grafts and the introduction of hydrophobic domains. The trends found in this research showed that a higher degree of hydrophobicity and a higher grafting density can enhance the interaction between the copolymers and DNA. These trends could direct further structural modifications in the search for effective and safe vectors based on this polycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne L Diaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - León D Perez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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Diaz Ariza IL, Jérôme V, Pérez Pérez LD, Freitag R. Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers Capable of Mixed-Mode Interaction as Alternative Nonviral Transfection Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1268-1282. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne L. Diaz Ariza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C. 11001, Colombia
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - León D. Pérez Pérez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C. 11001, Colombia
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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Jérôme V, Synatschke CV, Freitag R. Transient Destabilization of Biological Membranes Contributes to the Superior Performance of Star-Shaped PDMAEMA in Delivering pDNA. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26640-26654. [PMID: 33110991 PMCID: PMC7581230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral DNA vectors are promising alternatives to viral ones. Their use in DNA medicine is limited by an inability to transfect, for example, nondividing or suspension cells. In recent years, star-shaped synthetic polycationic vectors, so called "Nanostars", have shown some promise in this regard, at least when compared to the "gold standard" in nonviral vectors, namely, linear poly(ethyleneimine) (l-PEI). It has been hypothesized that an ability to transiently destabilize cellular membranes is partially responsible for the phenomenon. This hypothesis is investigated here, taking human leukemia suspension cells (Jurkat cells) as an example. Contrary to l-PEI, the Nanostars promote the cellular uptake of small, normally membrane-impermeant molecules (trypan blue and propidium iodide) as well as that of fluorescent polystyrene beads (average diameter 100 nm). Since Nanostars, but not l-PEI, are apparently able to deliver DNA to nuclei of nondividing cells, nuclear uptake is, in addition, investigated with isolated cell nuclei. Our results provide evidence that Nanostars are more efficient than l-PEI in increasing the nuclear membrane association/permeability, allowing accumulation of their cargo on/in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Peng S, Wang Q, Xiao X, Wang R, Lin J, Zhou Q, Wu L. Redox‐responsive polyethyleneimine‐coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for controllable gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Peng
- College of Chemical and Environment ProtectionSouthwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qiu‐yue Wang
- College of Chemical and Environment ProtectionSouthwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xue Xiao
- College of Chemical and Environment ProtectionSouthwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemical and Environment ProtectionSouthwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Juan Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyChengdu Medical College Chengdu China
| | - Qing‐han Zhou
- College of Chemical and Environment ProtectionSouthwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Li‐na Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and EmbryologyDevelopment and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China
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Fliervoet LAL, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Balancing hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in thermosensitive polyplexes for nucleic acid delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ab12ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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González-Domínguez I, Grimaldi N, Cervera L, Ventosa N, Gòdia F. Impact of physicochemical properties of DNA/PEI complexes on transient transfection of mammalian cells. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nanoscale characterization coupled to multi-parametric optimization of Hi5 cell transient gene expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10495-10510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The genetic modification of human T lymphocytes with established non-viral methods is inefficient. Linear polyethylenimine (l-PEI), one of the most popular non-viral transfection agents for mammalian cells in general, only achieves transfection rates in the single digit percentage range for these cells. Here, a well-defined 24-armed poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) nanostar (number average of the molecular weight: 755 kDa, polydispersity: <1.21) synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from a silsesquioxane initiator core is proposed as alternative. The agent is used to prepare polyplexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA). Under optimal conditions these polyplexes reproducibly transfect >80% of the cells from a human T-cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat cells) at viabilities close to 90%. The agent also promotes pDNA uptake when simply added to a mixture of cells and pDNA. This constitutes a particular promising approach for efficient transient transfection at large scale. Finally, preliminary experiments were carried out with primary T cells from two different donors. Results were again significantly better than for l-PEI, although further research into the response of individual T cells to the transfection agent will be necessary, before either method can be used to routinely transfect primary T lymphocytes.
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12
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Modeling the physicochemical properties of DNA:PEI polyplexes on transient gene expression: A DoE-based approach. N Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Co-transfection of star-shaped PDMAEMAs enhance transfection efficiency of protamine/pDNA complexes in the presence of serum. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Jiang Y, Reineke TM, Lodge TP. Complexation of DNA with Cationic Copolymer Micelles: Effects of DNA Length and Topology. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Stahlschmidt U, Jérôme V, Majewski AP, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Systematic Study of a Library of PDMAEMA-Based, Superparamagnetic Nano-Stars for the Transfection of CHO-K1 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E156. [PMID: 30970835 PMCID: PMC6432303 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the DNA into mammalian cells remains a challenge in gene delivery, particularly in vivo. Viral vectors are unmatched in their efficiency for gene delivery, but may trigger immune responses and cause severe side-reactions. Non-viral vectors are much less efficient. Recently, our group has suggested that a star-shaped structure improves and even transforms the gene delivery capability of synthetic polycations. In this contribution, this effect was systematically studied using a library of highly homogeneous, paramagnetic nano-star polycations with varied arm lengths and grafting densities. Gene delivery was conducted in CHO-K1 cells, using a plasmid encoding a green fluorescent reporter protein. Transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicities varied systematically with the nano-star architecture. The arm density was particularly important, with values of approximately 0.06 arms/nm² yielding the best results. In addition, a certain fraction of the cells became magnetic during transfection. The gene delivery potential of a nano-star and its ability to render the cells magnetic did not have any correlations. End-capping the polycation arms with di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PDEGMA) significantly improved serum compatibility under transfection conditions; such nano-stars are potential candidates for future in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Stahlschmidt
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Qian W, Song T, Ye M, Xu P, Lu G, Huang X. PAA-g-PLA amphiphilic graft copolymer: synthesis, self-assembly, and drug loading ability. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of a PAA-g-PLA amphiphilic polymer by the combination of RAFT polymerization and organocatalytic ROP, which could self-assemble into spheres in aqueous media for sustained release of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qian
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peicheng Xu
- Department of Stomatology
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
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Wang W, Zhou X, Wei M, Liu Z, Lu G, Huang X. Synthesis of an amphiphilic graft copolymer bearing a hydrophilic poly(acrylate acid) backbone for drug delivery of methotrexate. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11975e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of a PAA-g-PLA amphiphilic graft polymer, which could self-assemble into large compound micelles in aqueous media for sustained release of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Zude Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- People's Republic of China
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