1
|
Hahn C, Göttker-Schnetmann I, Tzourtzouklis I, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Mecking S, Frey H. Nopadiene: A Pinene-Derived Cyclic Diene as a Styrene Substitute for Fully Biobased Thermoplastic Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38048399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The bicyclic 1,2-substituted, 1,3-diene monomer nopadiene (1R,5S)-2-ethenyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene was successfully polymerized by anionic and catalytic polymerization. Nopadiene is produced either through a facile one-step synthesis from myrtenal via Wittig-olefination or via a scalable two-step reaction from nopol (10-hydroxymethylene-2-pinene). Both terpenoids originate from the renewable β-pinene. The living anionic polymerization of nopadiene in apolar and polar solvents at 25 °C using organolithium initiators resulted in homopolymers with well-controlled molar masses in the range of 5.6-103.4 kg·mol-1 (SEC, PS calibration) and low dispersities (Đ) between 1.06 and 1.18. By means of catalytic polymerization with Me4CpSi(Me)2NtBuTiCl2 and (Flu)(Pyr)CH2Lu(CH2TMS)2(THF), the 1,4 and 3,4- microstructures of nopadiene are accessible in excellent selectivity. In pronounced contrast to other 1,3-dienes, the rigid polymers of the sterically demanding nopadiene showed an elevated glass temperature, Tg,∞ = 160 °C (in the limit of very high molar mass, Mn). ABA triblock copolymers with a central polymyrcene block and myrcene content of 60-75 mol %, with molar masses of 100-200 kg/mol were prepared by living anionic polymerization of the pinene-derivable monomers nopadiene and myrcene. This diene copolymerization resulted in thermoplastic elastomers displaying nanophase separation at different molar ratios (DSC, SAXS) and an upper service temperature about 30 K higher than that for traditional petroleum-derived styrenic thermoplastic elastomers due to the high glass temperature of polynopadiene. The materials showed good thermal stability at elevated temperatures under nitrogen (TGA), promising tensile strength and ultimate elongation of up to 1600%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck Graduate Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Inigo Göttker-Schnetmann
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wadgaonkar SP, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Frey H. Anionic Polymerization of 4-Allyldimethylsilylstyrene: Versatile Polymer Scaffolds for Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani P. Wadgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wadgaonkar SP, Wagner M, Baptista LA, Cortes-Huerto R, Frey H, Müller AHE. Anionic Polymerization of the Terpene-Based Diene β-Ocimene: Complex Mechanism Due to Stereoisomer Reactivities. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani P. Wadgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Andre Baptista
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hahn C, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Frey H. Correction to “MyrDOL, a Protected Dihydroxyfunctional Diene Monomer Derived from β-Myrcene: Functional Polydienes from Renewable Resources via Anionic Polymerization”. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Dreier P, Matthes R, Barent RD, Schüttner S, Müller AHE, Frey H. In Situ Kinetics Reveal the Influence of Solvents and Monomer Structure on the Anionic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ramona D. Barent
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sandra Schüttner
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wadgaonkar SP, Schüttner S, Berger-Nicoletti E, Müller AHE, Frey H. Anionic Copolymerization of 4-Trimethylsilylstyrene: From Kinetics to Gradient and Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani P. Wadgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Schüttner
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hahn C, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Frey H. MyrDOL, a Protected Dihydroxyfunctional Diene Monomer Derived from β-Myrcene: Functional Polydienes from Renewable Resources via Anionic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novoa-Carballal R, Nosov S, Pfaff S, Schmalz H, Müller AHE. Hyperbranched and Hyperstar Polybutadienes via Anionic Self-Condensing Vinyl Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Nosov
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sandrine Pfaff
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Keylab Synthesis and Molecular Characterization, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fuchs DAH, Hübner H, Kraus T, Niebuur BJ, Gallei M, Frey H, Müller AHE. The effect of THF and the chelating modifier DTHFP on the copolymerisation of β-myrcene and styrene: kinetics, microstructures, morphologies, and mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polar modifiers strongly affect the statistical anionic copolymerization of biobased β-myrcene with styrene, leading to a variety of morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. H. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanna Hübner
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bart-Jan Niebuur
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wahlen C, Blankenburg J, von Tiedemann P, Ewald J, Sajkiewicz P, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Frey H. Tapered Multiblock Copolymers Based on Farnesene and Styrene: Impact of Biobased Polydiene Architectures on Material Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wahlen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp von Tiedemann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Ewald
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paweł Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55125 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steube M, Johann T, Hübner H, Koch M, Dinh T, Gallei M, Floudas G, Frey H, Müller AHE. Tetrahydrofuran: More than a “Randomizer” in the Living Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene and Isoprene: Kinetics, Microstructures, Morphologies, and Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanna Hübner
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thi Dinh
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P. O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Steube M, Johann T, Plank M, Tjaberings S, Gröschel AH, Gallei M, Frey H, Müller AHE. Kinetics of Anionic Living Copolymerization of Isoprene and Styrene Using in Situ NIR Spectroscopy: Temperature Effects on Monomer Sequence and Morphology. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tjaberings
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leibig D, Messerle M, Johann T, Moers C, Kaveh F, Butt H, Vollmer D, Müller AHE, Frey H. Tapered copolymers of styrene and 4‐vinylbenzocyclobutene via carbanionic polymerization for crosslinkable polymer films. Journal of Polymer Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leibig
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzInstitute for Organic Chemistry D‐55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Margarita Messerle
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzInstitute for Organic Chemistry D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christian Moers
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzInstitute for Organic Chemistry D‐55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Farzaneh Kaveh
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzInstitute for Organic Chemistry D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzInstitute for Organic Chemistry D‐55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Material Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galanos E, Grune E, Wahlen C, Müller AHE, Appold M, Gallei M, Frey H, Floudas G. Tapered Multiblock Copolymers Based on Isoprene and 4-Methylstyrene: Influence of the Tapered Interface on the Self-Assembly and Thermomechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Wahlen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
von Tiedemann P, Blankenburg J, Maciol K, Johann T, Müller AHE, Frey H. Copolymerization of Isoprene with p-Alkylstyrene Monomers: Disparate Reactivity Ratios and the Shape of the Gradient. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Tiedemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamil Maciol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate
Center with the Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grune E, Bareuther J, Blankenburg J, Appold M, Shaw L, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Hutchings LR, Gallei M, Frey H. Towards bio-based tapered block copolymers: the behaviour of myrcene in the statistical anionic copolymerisation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The monoterpene myrcene is a bio-based diene monomer. The statistical, living anionic copolymerization with isoprene, styrene and 4-methylstyrene leads to gradient or tapered block copolymers, studied by in-situ NMR, SAXS and TEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Jennifer Bareuther
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Lloyd Shaw
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- DH1 3LE Durham
- UK
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics
- University of Ioannina
- 45110 Ioannina
- Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Lian R. Hutchings
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- DH1 3LE Durham
- UK
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Steube M, Johann T, Galanos E, Appold M, Rüttiger C, Mezger M, Gallei M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Frey H. Isoprene/Styrene Tapered Multiblock Copolymers with up to Ten Blocks: Synthesis, Phase Behavior, Order, and Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate
Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grune E, Appold M, Müller AHE, Gallei M, Frey H. Anionic Copolymerization Enables the Scalable Synthesis of Alternating (AB) n Multiblock Copolymers with High Molecular Weight in n/2 Steps. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:807-810. [PMID: 35650772 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the highly disparate reactivities of isoprene (I, rI = 25.4) and 4-methylstyrene (4MS, r4MS = 0.007) in the anionic copolymerization in nonpolar media, a general strategy for the rapid and scalable synthesis of tapered multiblock copolymers with an extremely steep gradient has been developed. A repetitive addition strategy of a mixture of isoprene and 4MS leads to a tapered diblock in each case, giving access to linear alternating multiblock copolymers of the (AB)n type with up to 10 blocks. All multiblock copolymers showed narrow molecular weight distributions (dispersity Đ = 1.04-1.12). High molecular weights in the range of 80 to 400 kg mol-1 were achieved. Due to the incompatibility of PI and P4MS segments, the multiblock copolymers exhibit nanophase separation, manifested by separate glass transitions for both constituents. Stress-strain measurements revealed extraordinary toughness and elongations up to 1150% strain at break, even at a 50/50 molar ratio I/4MS (i.e., 37 wt% isoprene). Our synthesis permits access to a wide range of tapered multiblock copolymer architectures with rigid (P4MS, high glass transition, Tg) and flexible (low Tg) chains, in n/2 steps, while keeping overall dispersity low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grune E, Johann T, Appold M, Wahlen C, Blankenburg J, Leibig D, Müller AHE, Gallei M, Frey H. One-Step Block Copolymer Synthesis versus Sequential Monomer Addition: A Fundamental Study Reveals That One Methyl Group Makes a Difference. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate
Center, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Wahlen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Leibig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Löbling TI, Huang C, Sun Z, Müller AHE, Russell TP. Interfacial Assembly and Jamming Behavior of Polymeric Janus Particles at Liquid Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:33327-33332. [PMID: 28863260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and interfacial jamming of spherical Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) at the water/oil interface were investigated. Polymeric JNPs, made by cross-linking polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PB-PMMA), with a high interfacial activity assemble at the water/oil interface. During the self-assembly at the interface, the interfacial energy was reduced and a dynamic interlayer was observed that is responsive to the pH of the aqueous phase. Unlike hard particles, the JNPs are composed of polymer chains that can spread at the liquid-liquid interface to maximize coverage at relatively low areal densities. In a pendant drop geometry, the interfacial area of a water droplet in oil was significantly decreased and the JNPs were forced to pack more closely. Entangling of the polymer chains causes the JNPs to form a solid-like interfacial assembly, resulting in the formation of wrinkles when the interfacial area is decreased. The wrinkling behavior, the retention of the wrinkles, or the slow relaxation of the liquid drop back to its original equilibrium shape was found to depend upon the pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, University of California , Berkeley 94720 United States
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Tina I Löbling
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) and Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Caili Huang
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley 94720, United States
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stahlschmidt U, Jérôme V, Majewski AP, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Systematic Study of a Library of PDMAEMA-Based, Superparamagnetic Nano-Stars for the Transfection of CHO-K1 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E156. [PMID: 30970835 PMCID: PMC6432303 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the DNA into mammalian cells remains a challenge in gene delivery, particularly in vivo. Viral vectors are unmatched in their efficiency for gene delivery, but may trigger immune responses and cause severe side-reactions. Non-viral vectors are much less efficient. Recently, our group has suggested that a star-shaped structure improves and even transforms the gene delivery capability of synthetic polycations. In this contribution, this effect was systematically studied using a library of highly homogeneous, paramagnetic nano-star polycations with varied arm lengths and grafting densities. Gene delivery was conducted in CHO-K1 cells, using a plasmid encoding a green fluorescent reporter protein. Transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicities varied systematically with the nano-star architecture. The arm density was particularly important, with values of approximately 0.06 arms/nm² yielding the best results. In addition, a certain fraction of the cells became magnetic during transfection. The gene delivery potential of a nano-star and its ability to render the cells magnetic did not have any correlations. End-capping the polycation arms with di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PDEGMA) significantly improved serum compatibility under transfection conditions; such nano-stars are potential candidates for future in vivo testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Stahlschmidt
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raup A, Wang H, Synatschke CV, Jérôme V, Agarwal S, Pergushov DV, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Compaction and Transmembrane Delivery of pDNA: Differences between l-PEI and Two Types of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:808-818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghe Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Xue
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oded M, Müller AHE, Shenhar R. A block copolymer-templated construction approach for the creation of nano-patterned polyelectrolyte multilayers and nanoscale objects. Soft Matter 2016; 12:8098-8103. [PMID: 27550638 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A block copolymer-based assembly approach for the creation of nano-patterned polyelectrolyte multilayers over cm2-scale areas is presented. Up to 5 bi-layers were selectively assembled on top of specific nano-domains featuring different morphologies. The successful isolation of nanoscale objects corresponding in shape to the template features is also demonstrated. This methodology is applicable to different types of polyelectrolytes, and opens up a new dimension for layer-by-layer construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Oded
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Löbling TI, Ikkala O, Gröschel AH, Müller AHE. Controlling Multicompartment Morphologies Using Solvent Conditions and Chemical Modification. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1044-1048. [PMID: 35614643 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The solution self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymers into spheres, cylinders, and vesicles (polymersomes) has been intensely studied over the past two decades, and their morphological behavior is well understood. Linear ABC triblock terpolymers with two insoluble blocks A/B, on the other hand, display a richer and more complex morphological spectrum that has been recently explored by synthetic block length variations. Here, we describe facile postpolymerization routes to tailor ABC triblock terpolymer solution morphologies by altering block solubility (solvent mixtures), blending with homopolymers, and block-selective chemical reactions. The feasibility of these processes is demonstrated on polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) that assembles to patchy spherical micelles, which can be modified to evolve into double and triple helices or patchy and striped vesicles. These results demonstrate that postpolymerization treatments give access to a broad range of morphologies from single triblock terpolymers without the need for multiple polymer syntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina I. Löbling
- Macromolecular
Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical
Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45127 Essen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morsbach J, Müller AHE, Berger-Nicoletti E, Frey H. Living Polymer Chains with Predictable Molecular Weight and Dispersity via Carbanionic Polymerization in Continuous Flow: Mixing Rate as a Key Parameter. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Morsbach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leibig D, Müller AHE, Frey H. Anionic Polymerization of Vinylcatechol Derivatives: Reversal of the Monomer Gradient Directed by the Position of the Catechol Moiety in the Copolymerization with Styrene. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leibig
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Löbling TI, Borisov O, Haataja JS, Ikkala O, Gröschel AH, Müller AHE. Rational design of ABC triblock terpolymer solution nanostructures with controlled patch morphology. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12097. [PMID: 27352897 PMCID: PMC4931329 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures that are relevant for science and technology. While the assembly of diblock copolymers is largely understood, predicting the solution assembly of triblock terpolymers remains challenging due to complex interplay of block/block and block/solvent interactions. Here we provide guidelines for the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock terpolymers into a large variety of multicompartment nanostructures with C corona and A/B cores. The ratio of block lengths NC/NA thereby controls micelle geometry to spheres, cylinders, bilayer sheets and vesicles. The insoluble blocks then microphase separate to core A and surface patch B, where NB controls the patch morphology to spherical, cylindrical, bicontinuous and lamellar. The independent control over both parameters allows constructing combinatorial libraries of unprecedented solution nanostructures, including spheres-on-cylinders/sheets/vesicles, cylinders-on-sheets/vesicles, and sheets/vesicles with bicontinuous or lamellar membrane morphology (patchy polymersomes). The derived parameters provide a logical toolbox towards complex self-assemblies for soft matter nanotechnologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina I. Löbling
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux UMR 5254 CNRS/UPPA, F-64053 Pau, France
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St Petersburg, Russia
- St Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Raup A, Stahlschmidt U, Jérôme V, Synatschke CV, Müller AHE, Freitag R. Influence of Polyplex Formation on the Performance of Star-Shaped Polycationic Transfection Agents for Mammalian Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060224. [PMID: 30979314 PMCID: PMC6432395 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification (“transfection”) of mammalian cells using non-viral, synthetic agents such as polycations, is still a challenge. Polyplex formation between the DNA and the polycation is a decisive step in such experiments. Star-shaped polycations have been proposed as superior transfection agents, yet have never before been compared side-by-side, e.g., in view of structural effects. Herein four star-shaped polycationic structures, all based on (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) building blocks, were investigated for their potential to deliver DNA to adherent (CHO, L929, HEK-293) and non-adherent (Jurkat, primary human T lymphocytes) mammalian cells. The investigated vectors included three structures where the PDMAEMA arms (different arm length and grafting densities) had been grown from a center silsesquioxane or silica-coated γ-Fe2O3-core and one micellar structure self-assembled from poly(1,2-butadiene)-block PDMAEMA polymers. All nano-stars combined high transfection potential with excellent biocompatibility. The micelles slightly outperformed the covalently linked agents. For method development and optimization, the absolute amount of polycation added to the cells was more important than the N/P-ratio (ratio between polycation nitrogen and DNA phosphate), provided a lower limit was passed and enough polycation was present to overcompensate the negative charge of the plasmid DNA. Finally, the matrix (NaCl vs. HEPES-buffered glucose solution), but also the concentrations adjusted during polyplex formation, affected the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Raup
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA.
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dewald I, Gensel J, Betthausen E, Borisov OV, Müller AHE, Schacher FH, Fery A. Splitting of Surface-Immobilized Multicompartment Micelles into Clusters upon Charge Inversion. ACS Nano 2016; 10:5180-5188. [PMID: 27101441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a morphological transition of surface-immobilized triblock terpolymer micelles: the splitting into well-defined clusters of satellite micelles upon pH changes. The multicompartment micelles are formed in aqueous solution of ABC triblock terpolymers consisting of a hydrophobic polybutadiene block, a weak polyanionic poly(methacrylic acid) block, and a weak polycationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) block. They are subsequently immobilized on silicon wafer surfaces by dip-coating. The splitting process is triggered by a pH change to strongly basic pH, which goes along with a charge reversal of the micelles. We find that the aggregation number of the submicelles is well-defined and that larger micelles have a tendency to split into a larger number of submicelles. Furthermore, there is a clear preference for clusters consisting of doublets and triplets of submicelles. The morphology of surface-immobilized clusters can be "quenched" by returning to the original pH. Thus, such well-defined micellar clusters can be stabilized and are available as colloidal building blocks for the formation of hierarchical surface structures. We discuss the underlying physicochemical principles of the splitting process considering changes in charge and total free energy of the micelles upon pH change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Dewald
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia Gensel
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eva Betthausen
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS/UPPA , 2 av. P. Angot, 64053 Pau, France
- Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University , 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oded M, Kelly ST, Gilles MK, Müller AHE, Shenhar R. Periodic nanoscale patterning of polyelectrolytes over square centimeter areas using block copolymer templates. Soft Matter 2016; 12:4595-4602. [PMID: 27104854 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00381h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nano-patterned materials are beneficial for applications such as solar cells, opto-electronics, and sensing owing to their periodic structure and high interfacial area. Here, we present a non-lithographic approach for assembling polyelectrolytes into periodic nanoscale patterns over cm(2)-scale areas. Chemically modified block copolymer thin films featuring alternating charged and neutral domains are used as patterned substrates for electrostatic self-assembly. In-depth characterization of the deposition process using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including the state-of-the-art scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), reveals both the selective deposition of the polyelectrolyte on the charged copolymer domains as well as gradual changes in the film topography that arise from further penetration of the solvent molecules and possibly also the polyelectrolyte into these domains. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of creating nano-patterned polyelectrolyte layers, which opens up new opportunities for structured functional coating fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Oded
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Stephen T Kelly
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mary K Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roy Shenhar
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Compartmentalization is ubiquitous to many biological and artificial systems, be it for the separate storage of incompatible matter or to isolate transport processes. Advancements in the synthesis of sequential block copolymers offer a variety of tools to replicate natural design principles with tailor-made soft matter for the precise spatial separation of functionalities on multiple length scales. Here, we review recent trends in the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers to multicompartment nanostructures (MCNs) under (semi-)dilute conditions, with special emphasis on ABC triblock terpolymers. The intrinsic immiscibility of connected blocks induces short-range repulsion into discrete nano-domains stabilized by a third, soluble block or molecular additive. Polymer blocks can be synthesized from an arsenal of functional monomers directing self-assembly through packing frustration or response to various fields. The mobility in solution further allows the manipulation of self-assembly processes into specific directions by clever choice of environmental conditions. This review focuses on practical concepts that direct self-assembly into predictable nanostructures, while narrowing particle dispersity with respect to size, shape and internal morphology. The growing understanding of underlying self-assembly mechanisms expands the number of experimental concepts providing the means to target and manipulate progressively complex superstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André H Gröschel
- Molecular Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bryson KC, Löbling TI, Müller AHE, Russell TP, Hayward RC. Using Janus Nanoparticles To Trap Polymer Blend Morphologies during Solvent-Evaporation-Induced Demixing. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Bryson
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tina I. Löbling
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zezin AA, Feldman VI, Abramchuk SS, Danelyan GV, Dyo VV, Plamper FA, Müller AHE, Pergushov DV. Efficient size control of copper nanoparticles generated in irradiated aqueous solutions of star-shaped polyelectrolyte containers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11490-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped poly(acrylic acid) macromolecules act as nanoreactors for the preparation of narrow-dispersed copper nanoparticles by radiation-induced reduction of copper(ii) ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Zezin
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials
| | - Vladimir I. Feldman
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Sergei S. Abramchuk
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Gurgen V. Danelyan
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials
- a foundation of Russian Academy of Sciences
- 117393 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Victor V. Dyo
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials
- a foundation of Russian Academy of Sciences
- 117393 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Löbling TI, Haataja JS, Synatschke CV, Schacher FH, Müller M, Hanisch A, Gröschel AH, Müller AHE. Hidden structural features of multicompartment micelles revealed by cryogenic transmission electron tomography. ACS Nano 2014; 8:11330-11340. [PMID: 25195820 DOI: 10.1021/nn504197y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The demand for ever more complex nanostructures in materials and soft matter nanoscience also requires sophisticated characterization tools for reliable visualization and interpretation of internal morphological features. Here, we address both aspects and present synthetic concepts for the compartmentalization of nanoparticle peripheries as well as their in situ tomographic characterization. We first form negatively charged spherical multicompartment micelles from ampholytic triblock terpolymers in aqueous media, followed by interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) formation of the anionic corona with bis-hydrophilic cationic/neutral diblock copolymers. At a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of anionic and cationic charges, the so-formed IPECs are charge neutral and thus phase separate from solution (water). The high chain density of the ionic grafts provides steric stabilization through the neutral PEO corona of the grafted diblock copolymer and suppresses collapse of the IPEC; instead, the dense grafting results in defined nanodomains oriented perpendicular to the micellar core. We analyze the 3D arrangements of the complex and purely organic compartments, in situ, by means of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and tomography (cryo-ET). We study the effect of block lengths of the cationic and nonionic block on IPEC morphology, and while 2D cryo-TEM projections suggest similar morphologies, cryo-ET and computational 3D reconstruction reveal otherwise hidden structural features, e.g., planar IPEC brushes emanating from the micellar core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina I Löbling
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vyhnalkova R, Müller AHE, Eisenberg A. Control of morphology and corona composition in aggregates of mixtures of PS-b-PAA and PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers: effects of solvent, water content, and mixture composition. Langmuir 2014; 30:13152-13163. [PMID: 25196970 DOI: 10.1021/la5028527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphologies and corona compositions in aggregates of mixtures of PS-b-PAA and PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers are influenced by controllable assembly parameters such as water content, block copolymer molar ratios, and solvent effects as well as the hydrophilic block lengths and block length ratios. All these factors can affect the morphology of the aggregates as well as their corona composition, the latter especially in vesicles, where two interfaces are involved. The morphologies and corona compositions of the aggregates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electrophoretic mobility, respectively. They depend, to a large extent, on the solubility of P4VP and PAA in the given organic solvent (e.g., DMF, THF, or dioxane), which influences the coil dimensions of the hydrophilic chains. The water content affects both the size and the shape of the block copolymer aggregates as well as the corona composition. Water acts as a precipitant for the hydrophobic block in the common solvent and, therefore, its progressive addition to the solution changes the interaction parameter with the hydrophobic block. The block copolymer molar ratio has an effect on both the morphology and the corona composition of the aggregates. With increasing PS-b-P4VP content in the mixture, the morphology transforms gradually from large compound micelles (LCMs), through coexistence of LCMs and small spherical micelles (SSMs), and eventually to vesicles. As expected, the corona composition of the aggregates is also affected by the block copolymer molar ratio, and changes progressively from pure PAA to a mixture of PAA and P4VP and to pure P4VP with increasing PS-b-P4VP content. It is clear that the use of mixtures of the soluble chains offers the opportunity of fine-tuning the corona composition in block copolymer aggregates under assembly conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vyhnalkova
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Otto Maass Building, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu W, Ledin PA, Plamper FA, Synatschke CV, Müller AHE, Tsukruk VV. Multiresponsive Microcapsules Based on Multilayer Assembly of Star Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501853c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Petr A. Ledin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum fur Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universitat Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum fur Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universitat Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum fur Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universitat Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bahrami R, Löbling TI, Gröschel AH, Schmalz H, Müller AHE, Altstädt V. The impact of Janus nanoparticles on the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends under technologically relevant conditions. ACS Nano 2014; 8:10048-10056. [PMID: 25211536 DOI: 10.1021/nn502662p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several hundred grams of Janus nanoparticles (d ≈ 40 nm) were synthesized from triblock terpolymers as compatibilizers for blending of technologically relevant polymers, PPE and SAN, on industry-scale extruders. The Janus nanoparticles (JPs) demonstrate superior compatibilization capabilities compared to the corresponding triblock terpolymer, attributed to the combined intrinsic properties, amphiphilicity and the Pickering effect. Straightforward mixing and extrusion protocols yield multiscale blend morphologies with "raspberry-like" structures of JPs-covered PPE phases in a SAN matrix. The JPs densely pack at the blend interface providing the necessary steric repulsion to suppress droplet coagulation during processing. We determine the efficiency of JP-compatibilization by droplet size evaluation and find the smallest average droplet size of d ≈ 300 nm at 10 wt % of added compatibilizer, whereas at 2 wt %, use of JPs is most economic with reasonable small droplets and narrow dispersity. In case of excess JPs, rheological properties of the system is changed by a droplet network formation. The large-scale synthesis of JPs, the low required weight fractions and their exceptional stability against extensive shear and temperature profiles during industrial extrusion process make JP promising next generation compatibilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Bahrami
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, ‡Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Betthausen E, Dulle M, Hanske C, Müller M, Fery A, Förster S, Schacher FH, Müller AHE. Nanoporous Sheets and Cylinders via Bulk Templating of Triblock Terpolymer/Homopolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501003z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institut
für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie and Jena Center for
Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Natalello A, Morsbach J, Friedel A, Alkan A, Tonhauser C, Müller AHE, Frey H. Living Anionic Polymerization in Continuous Flow: Facilitated Synthesis of High-Molecular Weight Poly(2-vinylpyridine) and Polystyrene. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500149t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Natalello
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Morsbach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Friedel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arda Alkan
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Tonhauser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU), Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vyhnalkova R, Müller AHE, Eisenberg A. Control of corona composition and morphology in aggregates of mixtures of PS-b-PAA and PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers: effects of pH and block length. Langmuir 2014; 30:5031-5040. [PMID: 24725167 DOI: 10.1021/la500712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The corona compositions and morphologies in aggregates of mixtures of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) and polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymers are influenced by controllable assembly parameters such as the hydrophilic block length and solution pH. The morphologies and corona compositions of the aggregates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electrophoretic mobility, respectively. When mineral acids or bases are present during aggregate formation, they can exert a strong influence on the corona composition. Morphology changes were also seen with changing pH, as well as changes in corona composition, specifically for vesicles. Because of complications introduced by the presence of ions, the general hypothesis that the external corona of the vesicles is composed of the longer chains, while the shorter chains form the inner corona, which is valid only in mixtures containing only nonionic chains without any additives (no acids or bases) or within a well-defined narrow pH range. In addition to the numerical block lengths and the pH, the solubility of the hydrophilic blocks can also influence the morphology and as well as the interfacial composition of vesicles; as the numerically longer chains become less soluble, they can contract and move to the interior, while the numerically shorter but more soluble chains go to the external corona. A remarkable morphological feature of the pH continuum is that for some compositions vesicles are observed in four distinct pH regions, separated by pH ranges in which other morphologies dominate. The effect of pH and microion content on coil dimensions of the PVP and PAA chains in the block copolymers is most likely responsible for the observed behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vyhnalkova
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Otto Maass Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Halevi A, Halivni S, Oded M, Müller AHE, Banin U, Shenhar R. Co-Assembly of A–B Diblock Copolymers with B′-type Nanoparticles in Thin Films: Effect of Copolymer Composition and Nanoparticle Shape. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Halevi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Halivni
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Meirav Oded
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hardy JG, Pfaff A, Leal-Egaña A, Müller AHE, Scheibel TR. Glycopolymer Functionalization of Engineered Spider Silk Protein-based Materials for Improved Cell Adhesion. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:936-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften; Universität Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - André Pfaff
- Makromolekulare Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften; Universität Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas R. Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften; Universität Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu W, Choi I, Plamper FA, Synatschke CV, Müller AHE, Melnichenko YB, Tsukruk VV. Thermo-Induced Limited Aggregation of Responsive Star Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500153w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ikjun Choi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare
Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yuri B. Melnichenko
- Biology
and Soft Matter Science Division, Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Synatschke CV, Nomoto T, Cabral H, Förtsch M, Toh K, Matsumoto Y, Miyazaki K, Hanisch A, Schacher FH, Kishimura A, Nishiyama N, Müller AHE, Kataoka K. Multicompartment micelles with adjustable poly(ethylene glycol) shell for efficient in vivo photodynamic therapy. ACS Nano 2014; 8:1161-72. [PMID: 24386876 DOI: 10.1021/nn4028294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of well-defined multicompartment micelles from polybutadiene-block-poly(1-methyl-2-vinyl pyridinium methyl sulfate)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (BVqMAA) triblock terpolymers and their use as advanced drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A porphyrazine derivative was incorporated into the hydrophobic core during self-assembly and served as a model drug and fluorescent probe at the same time. The initial micellar corona is formed by negatively charged PMAA and could be gradually changed to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a controlled fashion through interpolyelectrolyte complex formation of PMAA with positively charged poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine) (PLL-b-PEG) diblock copolymers. At high degrees of PEGylation, a compartmentalized micellar corona was observed, with a stable bottlebrush-on-sphere morphology as demonstrated by cryo-TEM measurements. By in vitro cellular experiments, we confirmed that the porphyrazine-loaded micelles were PDT-active against A549 cells. The corona composition strongly influenced their in vitro PDT activity, which decreased with increasing PEGylation, correlating with the cellular uptake of the micelles. Also, a PEGylation-dependent influence on the in vivo blood circulation and tumor accumulation was found. Fully PEGylated micelles were detected for up to 24 h in the bloodstream and accumulated in solid subcutaneous A549 tumors, while non- or only partially PEGylated micelles were rapidly cleared and did not accumulate in tumor tissue. Efficient tumor growth suppression was shown for fully PEGylated micelles up to 20 days, demonstrating PDT efficacy in vivo.
Collapse
|
46
|
Betthausen E, Hanske C, Müller M, Fery A, Schacher FH, Müller AHE, Pochan DJ. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Triblock Terpolymers Mediated by Multifunctional Organic Acids: Vesicles, Toroids, and (Undulated) Ribbons. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Betthausen
- Macromolecular
Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Hanske
- Physical
Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melanie Müller
- Macromolecular
Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Physical
Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry and Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Macromolecular
Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Imitating the natural "energy cascade" architecture, we present a single-molecular rod-like nano-light harvester (NLH) based on a cylindrical polymer brush. Block copolymer side chains carrying (9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)methyl methacrylate units as light absorbing antennae (energy donors) are tethered to a linear polymer backbone containing 9-anthracenemethyl methacrylate units as emitting groups (energy acceptors). These NLHs exhibit very efficient energy absorption and transfer. Moreover, we manipulate the energy transfer by tuning the donor-acceptor distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yaroslavov AA, Sybachin AV, Zaborova OV, Pergushov DV, Zezin AB, Melik-Nubarov NS, Plamper FA, Müller AHE, Menger FM. Electrostatically driven complexation of liposomes with a star-shaped polyelectrolyte to low-toxicity multi-liposomal assemblies. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:491-5. [PMID: 24243764 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anionic liposomes are electrostatically complexed to a star-shaped cationic polyelectrolyte. Upon complexation, the liposomes retain their integrity and the resulting liposome-star complexes do not dissociate in a physiological solution with 0.15 M NaCl. This provides a multi-liposomal container for possible use as a high-capacity carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Yaroslavov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gröschel AH, Walther A, Löbling TI, Schacher FH, Schmalz H, Müller AHE. Guided hierarchical co-assembly of soft patchy nanoparticles. Nature 2013; 503:247-51. [PMID: 24185010 DOI: 10.1038/nature12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of hierarchical bottom-up structuring commonly encountered in natural materials provides inspiration for the design of complex artificial materials with advanced functionalities. Natural processes have achieved the orchestration of multicomponent systems across many length scales with very high precision, but man-made self-assemblies still face obstacles in realizing well-defined hierarchical structures. In particle-based self-assembly, the challenge is to program symmetries and periodicities of superstructures by providing monodisperse building blocks with suitable shape anisotropy or anisotropic interaction patterns ('patches'). Irregularities in particle architecture are intolerable because they generate defects that amplify throughout the hierarchical levels. For patchy microscopic hard colloids, this challenge has been approached by using top-down methods (such as metal shading or microcontact printing), enabling molecule-like directionality during aggregation. However, both top-down procedures and particulate systems based on molecular assembly struggle to fabricate patchy particles controllably in the desired size regime (10-100 nm). Here we introduce the co-assembly of dynamic patchy nanoparticles--that is, soft patchy nanoparticles that are intrinsically self-assembled and monodisperse--as a modular approach for producing well-ordered binary and ternary supracolloidal hierarchical assemblies. We bridge up to three hierarchical levels by guiding triblock terpolymers (length scale ∼10 nm) to form soft patchy nanoparticles (20-50 nm) of different symmetries that, in combination, co-assemble into substructured, compartmentalized materials (>10 μm) with predictable and tunable nanoscale periodicities. We establish how molecular control over polymer composition programs the building block symmetries and regulates particle positioning, offering a route to well-ordered mixed mesostructures of high complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André H Gröschel
- 1] Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany [2] Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland (A.H.G.); Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany (A.H.E.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|