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Pérez-Rubio P, Lavado-García J, Bosch-Molist L, Romero EL, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Extracellular vesicle depletion and UGCG overexpression mitigate the cell density effect in HEK293 cell culture transfection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101190. [PMID: 38327808 PMCID: PMC10847930 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplained reduction of cell-specific productivity in transient gene expression (TGE) at high cell density (HCD) is known as the cell density effect (CDE). It currently represents a major challenge in TGE-based bioprocess intensification. This phenomenon has been largely reported, but the molecular principles governing it are still unclear. The CDE is currently understood to be caused by the combination of an unknown inhibitory compound in the extracellular medium and an uncharacterized cellular change at HCD. This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as extracellular inhibitors for transfection through the production of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) via transient transfection in HEK293 cells. EV depletion from the extracellular medium restored transfection efficiency in conditions that suffer from the CDE, also enhancing VLP budding and improving production by 60%. Moreover, an alteration in endosomal formation was observed at HCD, sequestering polyplexes and preventing transfection. Overexpression of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) enzyme removed intracellular polyplex sequestration, improving transfection efficiency. Combining EV depletion and UGCG overexpression improved transfection efficiency by ∼45% at 12 × 106 cells/mL. These results suggest that the interaction between polyplexes and extracellular and intracellular vesicles plays a crucial role in the CDE, providing insights for the development of strategies to mitigate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bosch-Molist
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Coplan L, Zhang Z, Ragone N, Reeves J, Rodriguez A, Shevade A, Bak H, Tustian AD. High-yield recombinant adeno-associated viral vector production by multivariate optimization of bioprocess and transfection conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3445. [PMID: 38450973 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs) are one of the most used vehicles for gene therapy, with five rAAV therapeutics commercially approved by the FDA. To improve product yield, we optimized the suspension production process of rAAV8 vectors carrying a proprietary transgene using a commercially available transfection reagent, FectoVIR-AAV. Using a miniaturized automated 250 mL scale bioreactor system, we generated models of vector genome (vg) titer, capsid (cp) titer, and Vg:Cp percentage from two multivariate design of experiment studies, one centered around bioreactor operating parameters, and another based on the transfection conditions. Using the optimized process returned from these models, the vector genome titer from the bioreactor was improved to beyond 1 × 1012 vg/mL. Five critical parameters were identified that had large effects on the pre-purification vector quantity-the transfection pH, production pH, complexation time, viable cell density at transfection, and transfection reagent to DNA ratio. The optimized process was further assessed for its performance extending to six AAV serotypes, namely AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9 carrying a transgene encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Five of the six serotypes returned higher vector genome titers than the control condition. These data suggest that the choice of transfection reagent is a major factor in improving vector yield. The multivariate design of experiment approach is a powerful way to optimize production processes, and the optimized process from one AAV vector can to some extent be generalized to other serotypes and transgenes to accelerate development timelines of new programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Coplan
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Ragone
- Research Operations, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - John Reeves
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Audrey Rodriguez
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Aishwarya Shevade
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Hanne Bak
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D Tustian
- Preclinical Manufacturing and Process Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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Vaz TA, Rodrigues AF, Coroadinha AS. Exploring nutrient supplementation and bioprocess optimization to improve the production of lentiviral vectors in serum-free medium suspension cultures. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300212. [PMID: 37903159 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of lentiviral vectors (LV) in gene therapy has been growing in recent years. To meet the increasing clinical demand, LV production platforms will benefit from improved productivity and scalability to enable cost-effective manufacture of LV-based therapies. Here we report the adaptation of 293T cells to serum-free suspension cultures and the improvement of LV yields through transfection parameters optimization, process intensification and medium supplementation with nutrient boosters. Cells were sequentially adapted to different serum-free culture media, transfection parameters were optimized and the two best-performing conditions were selected to explore process intensification by increasing cell density at the time of transfection. LV production at higher cell densities increased volumetric titers up to 12-fold and lipid supplementation was the most efficient metabolic optimization strategy further enhancing LV productivity by 3-fold. Furthermore, cell concentration was identified and validated as an important source of transfection variability impairing cellular uptake of DNA polyplexes, impacting transfection efficiency and reducing LV titers down to 6-fold. This work contributes to improving LV-based gene therapy by establishing new scalable manufacturing platforms and providing key metabolic insights, unveiling important bioreaction parameters to improve vector yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Vaz
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana F Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Ou J, Tang Y, Xu J, Tucci J, Borys MC, Khetan A. Recent advances in upstream process development for production of recombinant adeno-associated virus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:53-70. [PMID: 37691172 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is rapidly emerging as the preferred delivery vehicle for gene therapies, with promising advantages in safety and efficacy. Key challenges in systemic in-vivo rAAV gene therapy applications are the gap in production capabilities versus potential market demand and complex production process. This review summarizes current available information on rAAV upstream manufacturing processes and proposed optimizations for production. The advancements in rAAV production media were reviewed with proposals to speed up the cell culture process development. Furthermore, major methods for genetic element delivery to host cells were summarized with their advantages, limitations, and future directions for optimization. In addition, culture vessel selection criteria were listed based on production cell system, scale, and development stage. Process control at the production step was also outlined with an in-depth understanding of production kinetics and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Ou
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Tucci
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C Borys
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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Roshani A, Mohammadi M, Bahadori T, Ahmadi Zare H, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. Comparison of different transient gene expression systems for the production of a new humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (Hersintuzumab). Daru 2023; 31:221-231. [PMID: 37695454 PMCID: PMC10624790 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Producing therapeutic proteins can be done quickly and on a large scale through Transient Gene Expression (TGE). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly used to achieve this. Although there are few comparative studies, TGE has been observed in suspension-adapted CHO cells. OBJECTIVES We tested TGE's effectiveness in DG-44, CHO-S, and ExpiCHO-S cell lines with four transfection reagents. METHODS A design of experiments (DoE) was followed to optimize transfection using a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) construct. To evaluate the efficacy, flow cytometry and ELISA were used. Feeding strategies and temperature shifts were implemented to enhance transfection effectiveness. The quality of the mAb was assessed through ELISA, SDS-PAGE, and proliferation inhibition assays. RESULTS We adapted all cell lines to grow in suspension using a serum-free medium. Our findings from flow cytometry and ELISA tests indicate that PEI and Pmax reagents had a higher rate of transfection and mAb production than the ExpiCHO commercial transfection reagent. While DG-44 cells had better transfection efficiency than CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S, there was no significant difference between CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S. Our TGE system was more productive at 32 °C than at 37 °C. In the optimized TGE of Pmax-based transfection in DG-44 at 37 and 32 °C, the production level of mAb was more than half of the amount of the commercial ExpiCHO-S expression system. Still, the number of transfected cells was three times higher, making it more efficient. The purified mAb from all transfected cell lines had similar structural and functional properties under different conditions. CONCLUSION Our research shows that using Pmax and DG-44 cells in the TGE system is a cost-effective and efficient way to produce humanized monoclonal antibodies. We discovered that this method outperforms the ExpiCHO-S kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roshani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ahmadi Zare
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Askarian S, Nasab NK, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Abadi MHJN, Oskuee RK. Investigating Efficacy of Three DNA-Aptamers in Targeted Plasmid Delivery to Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:97-107. [PMID: 35834121 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Selection of targeted and efficient carriers to deliver drugs and genes to cells and tissues is still a major challenge and to overcome this obstacle, aptamers conjugated to nanoparticles have been broadly examined. To assess whether polycation of aptamers can improve plasmid delivery efficacy, we investigated the effect of three DNA-aptamers (AS1411, WY-5a, and Sgs-8) conjugated to branched polyethylenimine (b-PEI; MW ∼25 kDa) with different combinations of gene (plasmid) for delivery to prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). According to transfection assessments, the dual conjugation of aptamers (AS:WY) with b-PEI produced the best results and increased the efficiency of plasmid delivery to up to three folds compared to unmodified PEI. Surprisingly, triple aptamer arrangement not only reduced transfection ability but also showed cytotoxicity. While our results demonstrated potential synergistic effects of AS1411 and WY-5a aptamers for gene delivery, it is important to note that the present evidence relies on the aptamer and cell types.
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7
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Demir-dora D, Öner F. Development and evaluation of polyethylenimine polyplexes as non-viral vectors for delivery of plasmid DNA encoding shRNA against STAT3 activity into triple negative breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mo J, Fan G, Tsukahara T, Sakari M. The Role of the Exonic lncRNA PRKDC-210 in Transcription Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213783. [PMID: 36430260 PMCID: PMC9692655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received increasing attention and have been reported to be associated with various genetic abnormalities. However, the functions of many lncRNAs, including those of long exonic noncoding RNAs (lencRNAs), have not yet been elucidated. Here, we used a novel tethering luciferase assay to analyze the transcriptional regulatory functions of five lencRNAs that are upregulated in cancer. We found that the lencRNA PRKDC-210 interacts with MED12, a component of the CDK8 complex, to regulate the transcription of several genes. The transcriptional activation ability of PRKDC-210 was abolished in siRNA-treated CDK8-depleted cells. We also confirmed the enrichment of PRKDC-210 on RNA polymerase II. RNA-seq analysis of cells in which PRKDC-210 or PRKDC mRNA was knocked down using antisense oligonucleotides revealed that PRKDC-210 can affect the expression levels of genes related to fatty acid metabolism. Finally, we used a ChIRP assay to examine PRKDC-210-enriched sites in the genome. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the lencRNA PRKDC-210 promotes transcription through the CDK8 complex pathway at the transcription initiation site. We propose that PRKDC-210 can affect the transcription of adjacent genes after its transcription and splicing.
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Lavado-García J, Pérez-Rubio P, Cervera L, Gòdia F. The cell density effect in animal cell-based bioprocessing: Questions, insights and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108017. [PMID: 35809763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of bioprocesses based on cell transient expression is the commonly reported reduction of cell specific productivity at increasing cell densities. This is generally known as the cell density effect (CDE). Many efforts have been devoted to understanding the cell metabolic implications to this phenomenon in an attempt to design operational strategies to overcome it. A comprehensive analysis of the main studies regarding the CDE is provided in this work to better define the elements comprising its cause and impact. Then, examples of methodologies and approaches employed to achieve successful transient expression at high cell densities (HCD) are thoroughly reviewed. A critical assessment of the limitations of the reported studies in the understanding of the CDE is presented, covering the leading hypothesis of the molecular implications. The overall analysis of previous work on CDE may offer useful insights for further research into manufacturing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Arsenie LV, Hausig F, Kellner C, Brendel JC, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Ladmiral V, Catrouillet S. Stimuli-Responsive Thiomorpholine Oxide-Derived Polymers with Tailored Hydrophilicity and Hemocompatible Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134233. [PMID: 35807477 PMCID: PMC9268026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermo-responsive hydrophilic polymers, including those showing tuneable lower critical solution temperature (LCST), represent a continuous subject of exploration for a variety of applications, but particularly in nanomedicine. Since biological pH changes can inform the organism about the presence of disequilibrium or diseases, the development of dual LCST/pH-responsive hydrophilic polymers with biological potential is an attractive subject in polymer science. Here, we present a novel polymer featuring LCST/pH double responsiveness. The monomer ethylthiomorpholine oxide methacrylate (THOXMA) can be polymerised via the RAFT process to obtain well-defined polymers. Copolymers with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared, which allowed the tuning of the LCST behaviour of the polymers. Both, the LCST behaviour and pH responsiveness of hydrophilic PTHOXMA were tested by following the evolution of particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS). In weak and strong alkaline conditions, cloud points ranged between 40–60 °C, while in acidic medium no LCST was found due to the protonation of the amine of the THOX moieties. Additional cytotoxicity assays confirmed a high biocompatibility of PTHOXMA and haemolysis and aggregation assays proved that the thiomorpholine oxide-derived polymers did not cause aggregation or lysis of red blood cells. These preliminary results bode well for the use of PTHOXMA as smart material in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Carolin Kellner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (L.V.A.); (P.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Catrouillet
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (L.V.A.); (P.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (S.C.)
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Shupe J, Zhang A, Odenwelder DC, Dobrowsky T. Gene therapy: challenges in cell culture scale-up. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Bian H, Dou QL, Wei J, Liu JL, Wang X, Liu X. Erythrocyte Ghost Based Fusogenic Glycoprotein Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein Complexes as an Efficient Deoxyribonucleic Acid Delivery System. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to construct a new type of fused erythrocyte vector for gene delivery system. The conditioned medium of AD293 cells expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein gene was collected, and erythrocyte ghost was prepared by hypotonic lysis. Using cationic polymer to
condense deoxyribonucleic acid to form a complex, fusogenic erythrocyte ghost was incubated with this complex to obtain virion. Flow cytometry and luciferase activity analysis were used to detect the delivery of fusogenic erythrocyte ghost to deoxyribonucleic acid in AD293 cells and refractory
cells, respectively. Transfection efficiency of fusogenic erythrocyte ghost in vivo was detected by confocal microscope. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein and erythrocyte ghost were effectively integrated, and fusogenic erythrocyte ghost was successfully prepared. deoxyribonucleic
acid/polyethylenimine complexes form 100–300 nm particles. Fusogenic erythrocyte ghost can effectively incorporation deoxyribonucleic acid complexes. Confocal microscope observed red fluorescence close to blue fluorescence, indicating that labeled fusogenic erythrocyte ghost may trigger
liver and spleen tissue endocytosis or fusion. A new delivery vector of fusogenic erythrocyte ghost was constructed. This system could enhance the delivery efficiency even in cells which refractory to conventional transfections in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Qing-Li Dou
- The Baoan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, People’s Hospital of Baoan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wei
- The Baoan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, People’s Hospital of Baoan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Le Liu
- The Baoan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, People’s Hospital of Baoan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Baoan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, People’s Hospital of Baoan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
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Zhang J, Lei W, Meng Y, Zhou C, Zhang B, Yuan J, Wang M, Xu D, Meng X, Chen W. Expression of PEI-coated gold nanoparticles carrying exogenous gene in periwinkle mesophyll cells and its practice in Huanglongbing research. iScience 2022; 25:104479. [PMID: 35712078 PMCID: PMC9192802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus, which is mostly caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). To realize the specific application of nano-transgenic technology in HLB, AuNPs-PEI (Gold Nanoparticles-Polyethylenimine) was used to carry foreign genes into the leaves of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) by infiltration. Here, we demonstrated that NPR1-GFP protein expression was observed from the 12th hour to the 10th day after infiltrating AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1 (Arabidopsis thaliana nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1)-GFP. Fluorescence of mCherry was observed 6 h after AuNPs-PEI-pNLS (nuclear localization signal sequence)-mCherry infiltration and fluorescence of FAM was observed in the nucleus 4 h after AuNPs-PEI-FAM-siRNANPR1 infiltration. In addition, NPR1-GFP expression in CLas-infected periwinkle leaves was significantly higher than that in healthy periwinkle leaves after infiltration. Our work confirmed that the expression of exogenous NPR1-GFP could reduce the CLas titers by promoting the expression of PR (pathogenesis related) genes and ICS (isochorismate synthase) gene. AuNPs-PEI-FAM-siRNANPR1 entered the nucleus within 4 h after infiltration AuNPs-PEI-pNLS-mCherry expressed the corresponding protein within 6 h AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP continued to express the corresponding protein for 14 days After AuNPs-PEI-pNPR1-GFP infiltration for 2 days, CLas titer decreased significantly
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Puente-massaguer E, Cajamarca-berrezueta B, Volart A, González-domínguez I, Gòdia F. Transduction of HEK293 Cells with BacMam Baculovirus Is an Efficient System for the Production of HIV-1 Virus-like Particles. Viruses 2022; 14:636. [PMID: 35337043 PMCID: PMC8954388 DOI: 10.3390/v14030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates against infectious diseases. VLPs are generally produced using the insect cell/baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), or in mammalian cells by plasmid DNA transient gene expression (TGE). However, VLPs produced with the insect cell/BEVS are difficult to purify and might not display the appropriate post-translational modifications, whereas plasmid DNA TGE approaches are expensive and have a limited scale-up capability. In this study, the production of Gag VLPs with the BacMam expression system in a suspension culture of HEK293 cells is addressed. The optimal conditions of multiplicity of infection (MOI), viable cell density (VCD) at infection, and butyric acid (BA) concentration that maximize cell transduction and VLP production are determined. In these conditions, a maximum cell transduction efficiency of 91.5 ± 1.1%, and a VLP titer of 2.8 ± 0.1 × 109 VLPs/mL are achieved. Successful VLP generation in transduced HEK293 cells is validated using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, with VLPs produced resembling immature HIV-1 virions and with an average size comprised in the 100–200 nm range. Additionally, evidence that BacMam transduction occurs via different pathways including dynamin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis is provided. This work puts the basis for future studies aiming at scaling up the BacMam baculovirus system as an alternative strategy for VLP production.
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Kanvinde S, Kulkarni T, Deodhar S, Bhattacharya D, Dasgupta A. Non-Viral Vectors for Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapies for Cancer. BioTech 2022; 11:biotech11010006. [PMID: 35822814 PMCID: PMC9245904 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The research and development of non-viral gene therapy has been extensive over the past decade and has received a big push thanks to the recent successful approval of non-viral nucleic acid therapy products. Despite these developments, nucleic acid therapy applications in cancer have been limited. One of the main causes of this has been the imbalance in development of delivery vectors as compared with sophisticated nucleic acid payloads, such as siRNA, mRNA, etc. This paper reviews non-viral vectors that can be used to deliver nucleic acids for cancer treatment. It discusses various types of vectors and highlights their current applications. Additionally, it discusses a perspective on the current regulatory landscape to facilitate the commercial translation of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kanvinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanmay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Deep Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Micrometric DNA/PEI polyplexes correlate with higher transient gene expression yields in HEK 293 cells. N Biotechnol 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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González-Domínguez I, Lorenzo E, Bernier A, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Kamen A. A Four-Step Purification Process for Gag VLPs: From Culture Supernatant to High-Purity Lyophilized Particles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101154. [PMID: 34696262 PMCID: PMC8539588 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gag-based virus-like particles (VLPs) have high potential as scaffolds for the development of chimeric vaccines and delivery strategies. The production of purified preparations that can be preserved independently from cold chains is highly desirable to facilitate distribution and access worldwide. In this work, a nimble purification has been developed, facilitating the production of Gag VLPs. Suspension-adapted HEK 293 cells cultured in chemically defined cell culture media were used to produce the VLPs. A four-step downstream process (DSP) consisting of membrane filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, polishing, and lyophilization was developed. The purification of VLPs from other contaminants such as host cell proteins (HCP), double-stranded DNA, or extracellular vesicles (EVs) was confirmed after their DSP. A concentration of 2.2 ± 0.8 × 109 VLPs/mL in the lyophilized samples was obtained after its storage at room temperature for two months. Morphology and structural integrity of purified VLPs was assessed by cryo-TEM and NTA. Likewise, the purification methodologies proposed here could be easily scaled up and applied to purify similar enveloped viruses and vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Domínguez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elianet Lorenzo
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Alice Bernier
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Laura Cervera
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.L.); (L.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (A.B.); (A.K.)
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Sharifiaghdam Z, De Keersmaecker H, Lucas B, Lammens J, Ghanbari H, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Vervaet C, De Beer T, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophage reprogramming into a pro-healing phenotype by siRNA delivered with LBL assembled nanocomplexes for wound healing applications. Nanoscale 2021; 13:15445-15463. [PMID: 34505619 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses in wounds are characterized by the presence of high levels of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages rather than pro-healing M2 macrophages, which leads to delayed wound healing. Macrophage reprogramming from the M1 to M2 phenotype through knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5) has emerged as a possible therapeutic strategy. While downregulation of irf5 could be achieved by siRNA, it very much depends on successful intracellular delivery by suitable siRNA carriers. Here, we report on highly stable selenium-based layer-by-layer (LBL) nanocomplexes (NCs) for siRNA delivery with polyethyleneimine (PEI-LBL-NCs) as the final polymer layer. PEI-LBL-NCs showed good protection of siRNA with only 40% siRNA release in a buffer of pH = 8.5 after 72 h or in simulated wound fluid after 4 h. PEI-LBL-NCs also proved to be able to transfect RAW 264.7 cells with irf5-siRNA, resulting in successful reprogramming to the M2 phenotype as evidenced by a 3.4 and 2.6 times decrease in NOS-2 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, respectively. Moreover, irf5-siRNA transfected cells exhibited a 2.5 times increase of the healing mediator Arg-1 and a 64% increase in expression of the M2 cell surface marker CD206+. Incubation of fibroblast cells with conditioned medium isolated from irf5-siRNA transfected RAW 264.7 cells resulted in accelerated wound healing in an in vitro scratch assay. These results show that irf5-siRNA loaded PEI-LBL-NCs are a promising therapeutic approach to tune macrophage polarization for improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Sharifiaghdam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Lucas
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
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Chytła A, Gajdzik-Nowak W, Biernatowska A, Sikorski AF, Czogalla A. High-Level Expression of Palmitoylated MPP1 Recombinant Protein in Mammalian Cells. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11090715. [PMID: 34564532 PMCID: PMC8470630 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have pointed to an important role of the MAGUK family member, MPP1, as a crucial molecule interacting with flotillins and involved in the lateral organization of the erythroid plasma membrane. The palmitoylation of MPP1 seems to be an important element in this process; however, studies on the direct effect of palmitoylation on protein–protein or protein–membrane interactions in vitro are still challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining functional post-translationally modified recombinant proteins and the lack of comprehensive protocols for the purification of palmitoylated proteins. In this work, we present an optimized approach for the high-yield overexpression and purification of palmitoylated recombinant MPP1 protein in mammalian HEK-293F cells. The presented approach facilitates further studies on the molecular mechanism of lateral membrane organization and the functional impact of the palmitoylation of MPP1, which could also be carried out for other palmitoylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chytła
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Weronika Gajdzik-Nowak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
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20
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Lavado-García J, Díaz-Maneh A, Canal-Paulí N, Pérez-Rubio P, Gòdia F, Cervera L. Metabolic engineering of HEK293 cells to improve transient transfection and cell budding of HIV-1 virus-like particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1649-1663. [PMID: 33463716 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising candidates for the development of future vaccines. Recent viral outbreaks have manifested the need of robust vaccine production platforms able to adapt to new challenges while achieving mass production capacity. For the rapid production of VLPs, the method of transient gene expression (TGE) have proved highly efficient. Based on a previous characterization of the HEK293 cell line upon transient transfection using multiplexed quantitative proteomics, molecular production bottlenecks and metabolic pathways likely to be optimized were identified. In this study, these molecular components and metabolic pathways have been explored and modulated via transient metabolic engineering using approaches like design of experiments to fully exploit and optimize VLP production, transfection and budding efficiency. Upon overexpression of endosomal sorting complex required for transport accessory proteins like NEDD4L and CIT, VLP production increased 3.3 and 2.9-fold, respectively. Overexpression of glycosphingolipid precursor enzyme UGCG improved transfection efficiency by 17% and knocking-down the Gag-binding protein CNP improved 2.5-fold VLP specific productivity. Combining CNP inhibition and UGCG overexpression further improved budding efficiency by 37.3%. Modulating VLP production and accessory pathways like intracellular budding, demonstrated the potential of metabolic engineering to optimize and intensify the development of robust production platforms for future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andy Díaz-Maneh
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Canal-Paulí
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Almeida AM, Costa D, Simões AR, Queiroz JA, Sousa F, Sousa Â. Enhancement of a biotechnological platform for the purification and delivery of a human papillomavirus supercoiled plasmid DNA vaccine. N Biotechnol 2020; 59:1-9. [PMID: 32622863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
New biotechnological strategies are being explored, aimed at rapid and economic manufacture of large quantities of DNA vaccines with the required purity for therapeutic applications, as well as their correct delivery as biopharmaceuticals to target cells. This report describes the purification of supercoiled (sc) HPV-16 E6/E7 plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine from a bacterial lysate, using an arginine-based monolith, presenting a spacer arm in its configuration. To enhance the performance of the purification process, monolith modification with the spacer arm can improve accessibility of the arginine ligand. By using a low NaCl concentration at pH 7.0, a condition to eliminate the RNA impurity directly in the flow through was established. The pH increase to 7.5 allowed the elimination of non-functional pDNA isoforms, the sc pDNA being recovered by increasing the ionic strength. As well as a binding capacity of 2.53 mg/mL obtained with a pre-purified sc pDNA sample, the column also purified sc pDNA from high lysate loading, with capacities above 1 mg/mL. Due to the sample displacement phenomena, non-functional pDNA isoforms were eliminated throughout column loading, favoring the degree of purity of final sc pDNA of 93.3%-98.5%. Thereafter, purified sc pDNA was successfully encapsulated into CaCO3-gelatin nano-complexes. Delivery of the pDNA-carriers to THP-1 cells was assessed through pDNA cellular uptake evaluation and correct E6 expression was verified by mRNA and protein detection. A biotechnological platform was established for sc pDNA purification and delivery to dendritic cells, stimulating further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Almeida
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Simões
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Puente-massaguer E, Gòdia F, Lecina M. Development of a non-viral platform for rapid virus-like particle production in Sf9 cells. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramos-Murillo AI, Rodríguez E, Beltrán K, Ricaurte C, Camacho B, Salguero G, Godoy-Silva RD. Efficient Non-Viral Gene Modification of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly with Polyethylenimine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E896. [PMID: 32971730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (WJ) have a wide therapeutic potential in cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multipotential capacity, which can be reinforced through gene therapy in order to modulate specific responses. However, reported methodologies to transfect WJ-MSC using cationic polymers are scarce. Here, WJ-MSC were transfected using 25 kDa branched- polyethylenimine (PEI) and a DNA plasmid encoding GFP. PEI/plasmid complexes were characterized to establish the best transfection efficiencies with lowest toxicity. Expression of MSC-related cell surface markers was evaluated. Likewise, immunomodulatory activity and multipotential capacity of transfected WJ-MSC were assessed by CD2/CD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cocultures and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays, respectively. An association between cell number, PEI and DNA content, and transfection efficiency was observed. The highest transfection efficiency (15.3 ± 8.6%) at the lowest toxicity was achieved using 2 ng/μL DNA and 3.6 ng/μL PEI with 45,000 WJ-MSC in a 24-well plate format (200 μL). Under these conditions, there was no significant difference between the expression of MSC-identity markers, inhibitory effect on CD3+ T lymphocytes proliferation and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation ability of transfected WJ-MSC, as compared with non-transfected cells. These results suggest that the functional properties of WJ-MSC were not altered after optimized transfection with PEI.
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Wan M, Luo Q, Ren X, Zheng Y, Gao D, Fu Q, Zu F, Xia Z, Wang L. Preparation and performance of a poly(ethyleneimine) embedded N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine mixed-mode stationary phase for HPLC. Microchem J 2020; 157:105021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. An Alternative Perfusion Approach for the Intensification of Virus-Like Particle Production in HEK293 Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:617. [PMID: 32637402 PMCID: PMC7318772 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained interest over the last years as recombinant vaccine formats, as they generate a strong immune response and present storage and distribution advantages compared to conventional vaccines. Therefore, VLPs are being regarded as potential vaccine candidates for several diseases. One requirement for their further clinical testing is the development of scalable processes and production platforms for cell-based viral particles. In this work, the extended gene expression (EGE) method, which consists in consecutive media replacements combined with cell retransfections, was successfully optimized and transferred to a bioreactor operating in perfusion. A process optimization using design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to obtain optimal values for the time of retransfection, the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) and transfected DNA concentration, improving 86.7% the previously reported EGE protocol in HEK293. Moreover, it was successfully implemented at 1.5L bioreactor using an ATF as cell retention system achieving concentrations of 6.8·1010 VLP/mL. VLP interaction with the ATF hollow fibers was studied via confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis to design a bioprocess capable of separating unassembled Gag monomers and concentrate VLPs in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Puente-Massaguer E, Saccardo P, Ferrer-Miralles N, Lecina M, Gòdia F. Coupling Microscopy and Flow Cytometry for a Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticle Production in Insect Cells. Cytometry A 2020; 97:921-932. [PMID: 32515126 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of characterization techniques have broadened the opportunities to deepen into nanoparticle production bioprocesses. Gag-based virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown their potential as candidates for recombinant vaccine development. However, comprehensive characterization of the production process is still a requirement to meet the desired critical quality attributes. In this work, the production process of Gag VLPs by baculovirus (BV) infection in the reference High Five and Sf9 insect cell lines is characterized in detail. To this end, the Gag polyprotein was fused in frame to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to favor process evaluation with multiple analytical tools. Tracking of the infection process using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed a pronounced increase in the complexity of High Five over Sf9 cells. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) characterization determined that changes in cell complexity could be attributed to the presence of occlusion-derived BV in High Five cells, whereas Sf9 cells evidenced a larger proportion of the budded virus phenotype (23-fold). Initial evaluation of the VLP production process using spectrofluorometry showed that higher levels of the Gag-eGFP polyprotein were obtained in High Five cells (3.6-fold). However, comparative analysis based on nanoparticle quantification by flow virometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) proved that Sf9 cells were 1.7- and 1.5-fold more productive in terms of assembled VLPs, respectively. Finally, analytical ultracentrifugation coupled to flow virometry evidenced a larger sedimentation coefficient of High Five-derived VLPs, indicating a possible interaction with other cellular compounds. Taken together, these results highlight the combined use of microscopy and flow cytometry techniques to improve vaccine development processes using the insect cell/BV expression vector system. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Plataforma de Producción de Proteínas, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Plataforma de Producción de Proteínas, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Lecina
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Routkevitch D, Sudhakar D, Conge M, Varanasi M, Tzeng SY, Wilson DR, Green JJ. Efficiency of Cytosolic Delivery with Poly(β-amino ester) Nanoparticles is Dependent on the Effective p Ka of the Polymer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3411-3421. [PMID: 33463158 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which cationic polymers containing titratable amines mediate effective endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids is not well understood despite the decades of research devoted to these materials. Here, we utilize multiple assays investigating the endosomal escape step associated with plasmid delivery by polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) to improve the understanding of how these cationic polymers enable gene delivery. To probe the role of these materials in facilitating endosomal escape, we utilized vesicle membrane leakage and extracellular pH modulation assays to demonstrate the influence of polymer buffering capacity and effective pKa on the delivery of the plasmid DNA. Our results demonstrate that transfection with PBAEs is highly sensitive to the effective pKa of the overall polymer, which has broad implications for transfection. In more acidic environments, PBAE-mediated transfection was inhibited, while PEI was relatively unaffected. In neutral to basic environments, PBAEs have high buffering capacities that led to dramatically improved transfection efficacy. The cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles overall was unchanged as a function of pH, indicating that microenvironmental acidity was important for downstream intracellular delivery efficiency. Overall, this study motivates the use of polymer chemical characteristics, such as effective pKa values, to more efficiently evaluate new polymeric materials for enhanced intracellular delivery characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Routkevitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Deepti Sudhakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Marranne Conge
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Mahita Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Oncology and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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González-Domínguez I, Puente-Massaguer E, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Quality Assessment of Virus-Like Particles at Single Particle Level: A Comparative Study. Viruses 2020; 12:E223. [PMID: 32079288 PMCID: PMC7077327 DOI: 10.3390/v12020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a powerful scaffold for antigen presentation and delivery strategies. Compared to single protein-based therapeutics, quality assessment requires a higher degree of refinement due to the structure of VLPs and their similar properties to extracellular vesicles (EVs). Advances in the field of nanotechnology with single particle and high-resolution analysis techniques provide appealing approaches to VLP characterization. In this study, six different biophysical methods have been assessed for the characterization of HIV-1-based VLPs produced in mammalian and insect cell platforms. Sample preparation and equipment set-up were optimized for the six strategies evaluated. Electron Microscopy (EM) disclosed the presence of several types of EVs within VLP preparations and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) resulted in the best technique to resolve the VLP ultrastructure. The use of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow virometry enabled the high throughput quantification of VLPs. Interestingly, differences in the determination of nanoparticle concentration were observed between techniques. Moreover, NTA and flow virometry allowed the quantification of both EVs and VLPs within the same experiment while analyzing particle size distribution (PSD), simultaneously. These results provide new insights into the use of different analytical tools to monitor the production of nanoparticle-based biologicals and their associated contaminants.
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