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Azizi M, Shahgolzari M, Fathi-Karkan S, Ghasemi M, Samadian H. Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles: An emerging strategy for therapy of cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1872. [PMID: 36450366 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy requires sophisticated treatment strategies to obtain the highest success. Nanotechnology is enabling, revolutionizing, and multidisciplinary concepts to improve conventional cancer treatment modalities. Nanomaterials have a central role in this scenario, explaining why various nanomaterials are currently being developed for cancer therapy. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have shown promising performance in cancer therapy due to their unique features. VNPs possess morphological homogeneity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high absorption efficiency that are beneficial for cancer therapy applications. In the current review paper, we highlight state-of-the-art properties and potentials of plant viruses, strategies for multifunctional plant VNPs formulations, potential applications and challenges in VNPs-based cancer therapy, and finally practical solutions to bring potential cancer therapy one step closer to real applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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2
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Méndez-López E, Aranda MA. A regulatory role for the redox status of the pepino mosaic virus coat protein. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011732. [PMID: 37851701 PMCID: PMC10615272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine oxidations play important regulatory roles during animal virus infections. Despite the importance of redox modifications during plant infections, no plant virus protein has yet been shown to be regulated by cysteine oxidation. The potexvirus pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is pandemic in tomato crops. Previously we modeled the structure of the PepMV particle and coat protein (CP) by cryo-electron microscopy and identified critical residues of the CP RNA-binding pocket that interact with the viral RNA during particle formation and viral cell-to-cell movement. The PepMV CP has a single cysteine residue (Cys127) central to its RNA binding pocket, which is highly conserved. Here we show that the Cys127Ser replacement diminishes PepMV fitness, and that PepMV CPWT is oxidized in vivo while CPC127S is not. We also show that Cys127 gets spontaneously glutathionylated in vitro, and that S-glutathionylation blocks in vitro the formation of virion-like particles (VLPs). VLPs longer than 200 nm could be formed after in planta CPC127S overexpression, while very short and dispersed VLPs were observed after CPWT overexpression. Our results strongly suggest that the CP redox status regulates CP functions via cysteine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Ikwuagwu B, Tullman-Ercek D. Virus-like particles for drug delivery: a review of methods and applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102785. [PMID: 36099859 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembling protein nanoparticles that have great promise as vectors for drug delivery. VLPs are derived from viruses but retain none of their infection or replication capabilities. These protein particles have defined surface chemistries, uniform sizes, and stability properties that make them attractive starting points for drug-delivery scaffolds. Here, we review recent advances in tailoring VLPs for drug-delivery applications, including VLP platform engineering approaches as well as methods for cargo loading, activation, and release. Finally, we highlight several successes using VLPs for drug delivery in model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Ikwuagwu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute B486, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Velázquez-Lam E, Tome-Amat J, Segrelles C, Yuste-Calvo C, Asensio S, Peral J, Ponz F, Lorz C. Antitumor applications of polyphenol-conjugated turnip mosaic virus-derived nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:999-1012. [PMID: 36004616 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Filamentous plant virus-derived nanoparticles are biodegradable and noninfectious to humans. Their structure is also amenable to chemical modifications. They constitute an appealing material for biomedical applications including imaging and drug delivery. We had previously used turnip mosaic virus-derived nanoparticles (TuMV-NPs) to increase antibody-sensing in vivo, to prevent biofilm formation and to build biological nanoscaffolds. Materials & methods: We analyzed TuMV-NP biodistribution and tumor homing using in vivo imaging. We studied in vitro the interaction with human cancer cell lines and the antiproliferative effect of epigallocatechin gallate-functionalized TuMV-NPs. Results & conclusion: TuMV-NPs are efficiently internalized by human cells and show good tumor homing. The antiproliferative effect of epigallocatechin gallate-TuMV-NPs suggests that they could offer a potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Velázquez-Lam
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Tome-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Yuste-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Asensio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Peral
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Shahgolzari M, Fiering S. Emerging Potential of Plant Virus Nanoparticles (PVNPs) in Anticancer Immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 4:22-29. [PMID: 35600219 PMCID: PMC9121906 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.4.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies using plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP based nanoplatforms can be endogenous immune adjuvants and act as nanocarriers that stabilize and deliver cancer antigens and exogenous immune adjuvants. Although they do not infect mammalian cells, PVNPs are viruses and they are variably recognized by pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRR), activate innate immune cells including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and increase the expression of costimulatory molecules. Novel immunotherapy strategies use them as in situ vaccines (ISV) that can effectively inhibit tumor growth after intratumoral administration and generate expanded systemic antitumor immunity. PVNPs combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve both local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses. While not yet in clinical trials in humans, there is accelerating interest and research of the potential of PVNPs for ISV immune therapy for cancer. Thus, antitumor efficacy of PVNPs by themselves, or loaded with soluble toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and/or cancer antigens, will likely enter human trials over the next few years and potentially contribute to next-generation antitumor immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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6
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Ma Y, Commandeur U, Steinmetz NF. Three Alternative Treatment Protocols for the Efficient Inactivation of Potato Virus X. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8309-8315. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ma
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Department of Molecular Biology, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen 52064, Germany
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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Chen QW, Qiao JY, Liu XH, Zhang C, Zhang XZ. Customized materials-assisted microorganisms in tumor therapeutics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12576-12615. [PMID: 34605834 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been extensively applied as active biotherapeutic agents or drug delivery vehicles for antitumor treatment because of their unparalleled bio-functionalities. Taking advantage of the living attributes of microorganisms, a new avenue has been opened in anticancer research. The integration of customized functional materials with living microorganisms has demonstrated unprecedented potential in solving existing questions and even conferring microorganisms with updated antitumor abilities and has also provided an innovative train of thought for enhancing the efficacy of microorganism-based tumor therapy. In this review, we have summarized the emerging development of customized materials-assisted microorganisms (MAMO) (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, as well as their components) in tumor therapeutics with an emphasis on the rational utilization of chosen microorganisms and tailored materials, the ingenious design of biohybrid systems, and the efficacious antitumor mechanisms. The future perspectives and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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8
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Hou C, Xu H, Jiang X, Li Y, Deng S, Zang M, Xu J, Liu J. Virus-Based Supramolecular Structure and Materials: Concept and Prospects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5961-5974. [PMID: 35006905 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rodlike and spherelike viruses are various monodisperse nanoparticles that can display small molecules or polymers with unique distribution following chemical modifications. Because of the monodisperse property, aggregates in synthetic protein-polymer nanoparticles could be eliminated, thus improving the probability for application in protein-polymer drug. In addition, the monodisperse virus could direct the growth of metal materials or inorganic materials, finding applications in hydrogel, drug delivery, and optoelectronic and catalysis materials. Benefiting from the advantages, the virus or viruslike particles have been widely explored in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this review, we describe the modification and application of virus and viruslike particles in surpramolecular structures and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaojia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengchao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingsong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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9
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Nkanga CI, Steinmetz NF. The pharmacology of plant virus nanoparticles. Virology 2021; 556:39-61. [PMID: 33545555 PMCID: PMC7974633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles for medical purposes has made enormous strides in providing new solutions to health problems. The observation that plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can be repurposed and engineered as smart bio-vehicles for targeted drug delivery and imaging has launched extensive research for improving the therapeutic and diagnostic management of various diseases. There is evidence that VNPs are promising high value nanocarriers with potential for translational development. This is mainly due to their unique features, encompassing structural uniformity, ease of manufacture and functionalization by means of expression, chemical biology and self-assembly. While the development pipeline is moving rapidly, with many reports focusing on engineering and manufacturing aspects to tailor the properties and efficacy of VNPs, fewer studies have focused on gaining insights into the nanotoxicity of this novel platform nanotechnology. Herein, we discuss the pharmacology of VNPs as a function of formulation and route of administration. VNPs are reviewed in the context of their application as therapeutic adjuvants or nanocarrier excipients to initiate, enhance, attenuate or impede the formulation's toxicity. The summary of the data however also underlines the need for meticulous VNP structure-nanotoxicity studies to improve our understanding of their in vivo fates and pharmacological profiles to pave the way for translation of VNP-based formulations into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Center for NanoImmunoEngineering, Moores Cancer Center, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States.
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Briolay T, Petithomme T, Fouet M, Nguyen-Pham N, Blanquart C, Boisgerault N. Delivery of cancer therapies by synthetic and bio-inspired nanovectors. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33761944 PMCID: PMC7987750 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a complement to the clinical development of new anticancer molecules, innovations in therapeutic vectorization aim at solving issues related to tumor specificity and associated toxicities. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that offers various solutions to increase clinical efficacy and safety. MAIN: Here are presented the recent advances for different types of nanovectors of chemical and biological nature, to identify the best suited for translational research projects. These nanovectors include different types of chemically engineered nanoparticles that now come in many different flavors of 'smart' drug delivery systems. Alternatives with enhanced biocompatibility and a better adaptability to new types of therapeutic molecules are the cell-derived extracellular vesicles and micro-organism-derived oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles and bacterial minicells. In the first part of the review, we describe their main physical, chemical and biological properties and their potential for personalized modifications. The second part focuses on presenting the recent literature on the use of the different families of nanovectors to deliver anticancer molecules for chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nucleic acid-based therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This review will help the readers to better appreciate the complexity of available nanovectors and to identify the most fitting "type" for efficient and specific delivery of diverse anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Briolay
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Morgane Fouet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France
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11
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Wu Y, Li J, Shin HJ. Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:25-38. [PMID: 33584104 PMCID: PMC7872722 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Korea
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12
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Shahgolzari M, Pazhouhandeh M, Milani M, Yari Khosroushahi A, Fiering S. Plant viral nanoparticles for packaging and in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1629. [PMID: 32249552 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique capabilities and considerable promise for many different biological uses. One capability is delivering bioactive cargos to specific cells, tissues, or organisms. Depending on the task, there are multiple variables to consider including nanoparticle selection, targeting strategies, and incorporating cargo so it can be delivered in a biologically active form. One nanoparticle option, genetically controlled plant viral nanoparticles (PVNPs), is highly uniform within a given virus but quite variable between viruses with a broad range of useful properties. PVNPs are flexible and versatile tools for incorporating and delivering a wide range of small or large molecule cargos. Furthermore, PVNPs can be modified to create nanostructures that can solve problems in medical, environmental, and basic research. This review discusses the currently available techniques for delivering bioactive cargos with PVNPs and potential cargos that can be delivered with these strategies. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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13
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Dent M, Matoba N. Cancer biologics made in plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:82-88. [PMID: 31785553 PMCID: PMC7096282 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are routinely utilized as efficient production platforms for the development of anti-cancer biologics leading to novel anti-cancer vaccines, immunotherapies, and drug-delivery modalities. Various biosimilar/biobetter antibodies and immunogens based on tumor-associated antigens have been produced and optimized for plant expression. Plant virus nanoparticles, including those derived from cowpea mosaic virus or tobacco mosaic virus in particular have shown promise as immunotherapies stimulating tumor-associated immune cells and as drug carriers delivering conjugated chemotherapeutics effectively to tumors. Advancements have also been made toward the development of lectins that can selectively recognize cancer cells. The ease at which plant systems can be utilized for the production of these products presents an opportunity to further develop novel and exciting anti-cancer biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dent
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Ruiz-Ramón F, Sempere RN, Méndez-López E, Sánchez-Pina MA, Aranda MA. Second generation of pepino mosaic virus vectors: improved stability in tomato and a wide range of reporter genes. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:58. [PMID: 31149024 PMCID: PMC6537163 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vectors based on plant viruses are important tools for functional genomics, cellular biology, plant genome engineering and molecular farming. We previously reported on the construction of PepGFP2a, a viral vector based on pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) which expressed GFP efficiently and stably in plants of its experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana, but not in its natural host tomato. We have prepared a new set of PepMV-based vectors with improved stability that are able to express a wide range of reporter genes, useful for both N. benthamiana and tomato. RESULTS We first tested PepGFPm1 and PepGFPm2, two variants of PepGFP2a in which we progressively reduced a duplication of nucleotides encoding the N-terminal region of the coat protein. The new vectors had improved GFP expression levels and stability in N. benthamiana but not in tomato plants. Next, we replaced GFP by DsRed or mCherry in the new vectors PepDsRed and PepmCherry, respectively; while PepmCherry behaved similarly to PepGFPm2, PepDsRed expressed the reporter gene efficiently also in tomato plants. We then used PepGFPm2 and PepDsRed to study the PepMV localization in both N. benthamiana and tomato cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we observed characteristic fluorescent bodies in PepMV-infected cells; these bodies had a cytoplasmic localization and appeared in close proximity to the cell nucleus. Already at 3 days post-agroinoculation there were fluorescent bodies in almost every cell of agroinoculated tissues of both hosts, and always one body per cell. When markers for the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus were co-expressed with PepGFPm2 or PepDsRed, a reorganisation of these organelles was observed, with images suggesting that both are intimately related but not the main constituents of the PepMV bodies. Altogether, this set of data suggested that the PepMV bodies are similar to the potato virus X (PVX) "X-bodies", which have been described as the PVX viral replication complexes (VRCs). To complete the set of PepMV-based vectors, we constructed a vector expressing the BAR herbicide resistance gene, useful for massive susceptibility screenings. CONCLUSIONS We have significantly expanded the PepMV tool box by producing a set of new vectors with improved stability and efficiency in both N. benthamiana and tomato plants. By using two of these vectors, we have described characteristic cellular bodies induced by PepMV infection; these bodies are likely the PepMV VRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ruiz-Ramón
- Present Address: R + D+I Department, Abiopep S.L., Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Sokullu E, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Gauthier MA. Plant/Bacterial Virus-Based Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E211. [PMID: 31058814 PMCID: PMC6572107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have recently emerged as promising nanomaterials for biotechnological applications. One of the most important applications of viruses is phage display, which has already been employed to identify a broad range of potential therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as other biotechnologically relevant polypeptides (including protease inhibitors, minimizing proteins, and cell/organ targeting peptides). Additionally, their high stability, easily modifiable surface, and enormous diversity in shape and size, distinguish viruses from synthetic nanocarriers used for drug delivery. Indeed, several plant and bacterial viruses (e.g., phages) have been investigated and applied as drug carriers. The ability to remove the genetic material within the capsids of some plant viruses and phages produces empty viral-like particles that are replication-deficient and can be loaded with therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current applications of plant viruses and phages in drug discovery and as drug delivery systems and includes a discussion of the present status of virus-based materials in clinical research, alongside the observed challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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