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Chen Z, Cheng X, Wang X, Ni S, Yu Q, Hu J. Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:232. [PMID: 38167547 PMCID: PMC10761687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the core carcinogenic elements in Xuanwei Formation coal were identified. Thirty-one samples were collected based on the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of lung cancer; Si, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb, and rare earth elements and yttrium (REYs) were analyzed and compared; multivariate statistical analyses (CA, PCA, and FDA) were performed; and comprehensive identification was carried out by combining multivariate statistical analyses with toxicology and mineralogy. The final results indicated that (1) the high-concentration Si, Ni, V, Cr, Co, and Cd in coal may have some potential carcinogenic risk. (2) The concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, and Pb meet the zoning characteristics of the ASMR, while the Si concentration is not completely consistent. (3) The REY distribution pattern in Longtan Formation coal is lower than that in Xuanwei Formation coal, indicating that the materials of these elements in coal are different. (5) The heatmap divides the sampling sites into two clusters and subtypes in accordance with carcinogenic zoning based on the ASMR. (6) PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain 62.629% of the total variance, identifying Co, Ni, As, Cd, Mo, Cr, and V. (7) Fisher discriminant analysis identifies Ni, Si, Cd, As, and Co based on the discriminant function. (8) Comprehensive identification reveals that Ni is the primary carcinogenic element, followed by Co, Cd, and Si in combination with toxicology. (9) The paragenesis of Si (nanoquartz), Ni, Co, and Cd is an interesting finding. In other words, carcinogenic elements Ni, Co, Cd, and Si and their paragenetic properties should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailin Chen
- Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey and Evaluation, Kunming, 652501, China.
- Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, 652501, China.
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Xianfeng Cheng
- Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey and Evaluation, Kunming, 652501, China
- Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, 652501, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Shijun Ni
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Qiulian Yu
- Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey and Evaluation, Kunming, 652501, China
- Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, 652501, China
| | - Junchun Hu
- Coal Geology Prospecting Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650218, China
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2
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Guo LH, Zeeshan M, Huang GF, Chen DH, Xie M, Liu J, Dong GH. Influence of Air Pollution Exposures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:501-507. [PMID: 38030873 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) contributes to the rise in cardiovascular disease. Previous research has established a connection between air pollution and both the development and severity of CRFs. Given the ongoing impact of air pollution on human health, this review aims to summarize the latest research findings and provide an overview of the relationship between different types of air pollutants and CRFs. RECENT FINDINGS CRFs include health conditions like diabetes, obesity, hypertension etc. Air pollution poses significant health risks and encompasses a wide range of pollutant types, air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O2). More and more population epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between air pollution and CRFs. Although various pollutants have diverse effects on specific cellular molecular pathways, their main influence is on oxidative stress, inflammation response, and impairment of endothelial function. More and more studies have proved that air pollution can promote the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, and the research on the relationship between air pollution and CRFs has grown intensively. An increasing number of studies are using new biological monitoring indicators to assess the occurrence and development of CRFs resulting from exposure to air pollution. Abnormalities in some important biomarkers in the population (such as homocysteine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein) caused by air pollution deserve more attention. Further research is warranted to more fully understand the link between air pollution and novel CRF biomarkers and to investigate potential prevention and interventions that leverage the mechanistic link between air pollution and CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guo-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Duo-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Min Xie
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Maxhuni A, Lazo P, Berisha L. Assessment of the Anthropogenic and Natural Factors on the Level of the Heavy Metals and Biogenic Elements in Soils in Kosovo. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:452. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
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4
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The Impact of Opencast Lignite Mining on Rural Development: A Literature Review and Selected Case Studies Using Desk Research, Panel Data and GIS-Based Analysis. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The future of opencast mining and energy production based on conventional resources is one of the most important issues being discussed in international forums. The whole discussion is becoming increasingly heated and takes on a special significance with the drastic increase in energy commodity prices that has occurred with the outbreak of war in Ukraine. Especially in a country like Poland, these issues are accompanied by heated discussions between miners, the government and citizens. It should be emphasised that Polish lignite mining currently produces about 35% of the cheapest electricity in Poland and also creates many jobs. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of continuing opencast mining and its impact on rural development—both from an environmental and socio-economic point of view. The study was conducted for two municipalities in Poland where opencast lignite mining plays an important role, namely Kleszczów and Kleczew. As a result, it was found that in the case of the studied municipalities, the presence of opencast mining has contributed to their development, and the application of modern environmental protection technologies and recultivation have reduced the difficulties associated with mining. On the other hand, the decision to start mining should be the result of a comparison between the potential environmental and social benefits and damages. In some cases, mining is beneficial for community development and leads to new opportunities for agriculture and tourism after reclamation. The study is a combination of different methods, i.e., case studies, GIS remote sensing analysis (based on Landsat data) and econometric analysis for selected socio-economic data.
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5
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Cluster Analysis of the EU-27 Countries in Light of the Guiding Principles of the European Green Deal, with Particular Emphasis on Poland. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15145082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article presents a cluster analysis of the EU-27 countries. The clusters were built to identify groups of countries similar to each other in relation to the set of Eurostat indicators from the Climate Change Drivers and Environment and Energy sections. During the research, tools of spatial information systems were used, such as cluster analysis, diagram maps, rasterization and the TSA method. ARIMA prediction models were also used. The research aims to verify our hypotheses. Particular attention was paid to Poland; therefore, it was verified whether the composition of the country’s energy mix translated into excessive emissions of pollutants in relation to other EU countries. Furthermore, the level of integration of energy markets in the European Union and its changes over time were examined. The authors also proposed a methodology to create detailed energy and climate strategies for designated clusters. The results of the presented research are particularly important in light of recent events in Ukraine.
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6
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Žero S, Žužul S, Huremović J, Pehnec G, Bešlić I, Rinkovec J, Godec R, Kittner N, Pavlović K, Požar N, Castillo JJ, Sanchez S, Manousakas MI, Furger M, Prevot AS, Močnik G, Džepina K. New Insight into the Measurements of Particle-Bound Metals in the Urban and Remote Atmospheres of the Sarajevo Canton and Modeled Impacts of Particulate Air Pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7052-7062. [PMID: 35234030 PMCID: PMC9178787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) was a project that took place in winter 2017-2018 with an aim to characterize the chemical composition of aerosol in the Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which has one of the worst air qualities in Europe. This paper presents the first characterization of the metals in PM10 (particulate matter aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm) from continuous filter samples collected during an extended two-months winter period at the urban background Sarajevo and remote Ivan Sedlo sites. We report the results of 18 metals detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The average mass concentrations of metals were higher at the Sarajevo site than at Ivan Sedlo and ranged from 0.050 ng/m3 (Co) to 188 ng/m3 (Fe) and from 0.021 ng/m3 (Co) to 61.8 ng/m3 (Fe), respectively. The BenMAP-CE model was used for estimating the annual BiH health (50% decrease in PM2.5 would save 4760+ lives) and economic benefits (costs of $2.29B) of improving the air quality. Additionally, the integrated energy and health assessment with the ExternE model provided an initial estimate of the additional health cost of BiH's energy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Žero
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Sarajevo, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Huremović
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Sarajevo, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Rinkovec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Noah Kittner
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Karla Pavlović
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nino Požar
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Sergio Sanchez
- Clean Air
Institute, Washington, DC 20005, United States
| | - Manousos I. Manousakas
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andre S.H. Prevot
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Griša Močnik
- Center
for
Atmospheric Research, University of Nova
Gorica, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Katja Džepina
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- Center
for
Atmospheric Research, University of Nova
Gorica, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg
1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Sopaj F, Paçarizi M, Stafilov T, Tašev K, Šajn R. Statistical analysis of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Kosovo using the terrestrial mosses method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:335-346. [PMID: 35410582 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2063607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals presence in the air in the territory of Kosovo was estimated using mosses as biomonitors. The periodic smog over the territory of Kosovo, particularly around industrial sites and cities, is a clear indication of air pollution which unavoidably will contain heavy metals, because of the nature of the industries in area. This work was carried out aming to assess the presence of heavy metals in the air, identify the most polluted sites, and the origins of pollution. Heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were determined in 45 moss samples. Statistical analysis was performed to better explain the data. The most polluted sites appeared to be in Zveqan, Stanterg, Prapashticë, Siboc, and Lupç. The contamination factor (CF) showed that only Cu and Zn had no or almost no contamination levels over the range of moss samples with CF < 1, while Cd and Pb gave extremely high values, CF > 27. Pollution load index (PLI) also showed that only a few samples are moderately polluted 2 < PLI ≤ 3, while most of the samples appeared to be highly polluted 4 < PLI ≤ 5, and very highly polluted PLI > 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flamur Sopaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Musaj Paçarizi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Krste Tašev
- State Phytosanitary Laboratory, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Latifi-Pupovci H, Selmonaj M, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Dushi M, Grajqevci V. Incidence of haematological malignancies in Kosovo-A post "uranium war" concern. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232063. [PMID: 32365107 PMCID: PMC7197787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the Kosovo War (1998–99) approximately 31,000 rounds with Depleted Uranium (DU) were fired on 85 targets in Kosovo. The number of haematological malignancies (HM) increased after the war and the concern was the use of DU during the war. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence rates of HM in Kosovo throughout a 20-year that includes pre- and post- war period (1995–2015); and to examine if there is any association between the use of DU rounds and incidence rates of HM in different regions of Kosovo. Methods In this retrospective register-based study, 1,798 new patients diagnosed with leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Multiple myeloma were analysed over a 20 year period. Incidence rates were calculated focusing on specific time periods, regions and age-groups. In addition, the correlation between the use of DU in different regions and their incidence of HM was analysed. Results The average annual crude rate of all HM in Kosovo was 5.02 cases per 100,000 persons. Incidence rates of HM in first post-war period (2000–2003) increased by 0.37 cases/100,000 persons (9.51%) compared to the pre-war period (1995–1998) whereas in the last post-war period (2012–2015), incidence of HM increased by 3.19/100,000 persons (82%). Gjakova and Peja, the first and third most exposed regions to DU ordnance ranked first and second in difference in HM. Prishtina, Gjilan and Ferizaj, regions with the least number of rounds/km2, were characterized by a decline of incidence rates. Conclusions After the war, the increase in incidence rate of HM was higher in two regions with most DU rounds/km2 expended Despite these findings, this study warrants further investigation and does not lead us to a conclusive finding on the existence of a causal relationship between the use of DU during the war and the rise in incidence of HM in Kosovo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatixhe Latifi-Pupovci
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Miranda Selmonaj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mimoza Dushi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Violeta Grajqevci
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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9
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Gingerich DB, Mauter MS. Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Composition and Implications for Regulatory and Treatment Train Design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3783-3792. [PMID: 32146805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently revising its regulations on trace element discharges from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater. In this work, we expand a predictive model of trace element behavior at coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to estimate the trace element concentration of FGD wastewater at the plant level. We demonstrate that variation in trace element concentrations in FGD wastewater can span several orders of magnitude and is a function of both coal rank and installed air pollution control devices. This conclusion suggests that the benefits and costs of FGD wastewater treatment for the median plant will poorly describe the actual benefits and costs over the full range of existing CFPPs. Our model can be used to identify different "classes" of CFPPs for future regulatory and technology development efforts and to evaluate the robustness of proposed treatment technologies in light of large intraplant variability. The model can also elucidate new compliance pathways that exploit empirical and mechanistic relationships between coal concentration, trace element partitioning, and FGD wastewater composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Gingerich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Meagan S Mauter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
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Cui L, Wu Z, Han P, Taira Y, Wang H, Meng Q, Feng Z, Zhai S, Yu J, Zhu W, Kong Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Bai B, Lou Y, Ma Y. Chemical content and source apportionment of 36 heavy metal analysis and health risk assessment in aerosol of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7005-7014. [PMID: 31879890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentration levels of 36 airborne heavy metals and atmospheric radioactivity in total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were measured to investigate the chemical characteristics, potential sources of aerosols, and health risk in Beijing, China, from September 2016 to September 2017. The TSP concentrations varied from 6.93 to 469.18 μg/m3, with a median of 133.97 μg/m3. The order for the mean concentrations of heavy metals, known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), was as follows: Mn > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Se > Cd > Co > Sb > Hg > Be; Non-Designated HAPs Metals: Ca > Fe > Mg > Al > K > Na > Zn > P > Ba > Ti > Cu > Sr > B > Sn > I > V > Rb > Ce > Mo > Cs > Th > Ag > U > Pt. The median concentration of As was higher than China air quality standard (6 ng/m3). The gross α and β concentration levels in aerosols were (1.84 ± 1.59) mBg/m3 and (1.15 ± 0.85) mBg/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor values of Cu, Ba, B, Ce, Tl, Cs, Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Fe, Zn, Sn, I, Mo, and Ag were higher than 10, which indicated enriched results from anthropogenic sources. Pb, As, and Cd are considered to originate from multiple sources; fireworks released Ba during China spring festival; Fe, Ce, and Cs may come from stable emissions such as industrial gases. The health risks from anthropogenic metals via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal pathway were estimated on the basis of health quotient as well as the results indicated that children faced the higher risk than adults during the research period. For adults, the health risk posed by heavy metals in atmospheric particles was below the acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cui
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peng Han
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 8528523, Japan
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zechen Feng
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shuguang Zhai
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yuxia Kong
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yun Lou
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yongzhong Ma
- Department of Radiation protection, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China.
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11
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Dang Z, Yu T, Xu H, Zhang H, Ren Q, Shen H. Investigation on the 2D-Distribution of Metallic Elements after Hair Dyeing. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:348-356. [PMID: 31020515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term use of hair dyes has potential effects on metal content in hair. However, little research dissects the specific distribution and composition variations of the metal after dyeing. In this study, we investigated the morphological change and metallic elements content variation after dyeing. The results showed that the concentration of essential metal elements decreased, among which the Ca, K, and Na decreased sharply even above 50%. As for the heavy metal, the most significant observation is that Pb increased almost by five times after dyeing. Besides, it revealed, using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), that Pb concentrated at the outer layer of the hair. In addition, two-dimensional proton-induced X-ray emission (2D-PIXE) was applied to analyze the distribution of metallic elements along the longitudinal and cross section of the hair. The results showed that Ca and Zn distributed evenly in the hair along the longitudinal and cross section. It is the first time that 2D-PIXE is applied to analyze the metallic distribution in the hair. This method exhibits high sensitivity and can be widely used in the environmental and medical field to analyze the distribution of metallic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Dang
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hailei Zhang
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingguang Ren
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
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12
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Abstract
In today’s energy system, the diffusion of renewable-based technologies is accelerating rapidly. Development of mechanisms that support the large-scale deployment of renewables towards global warming and climate change mitigation continues to remain an issue of utter importance. The most important challenges the energy system of Kosovo faces today is the difficulty to meet all the demand for electricity, low operating efficiency and high release of greenhouse gas emissions, but specifically a large source of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, this influences not only the stability of the system but the society as a whole. This paper addresses several possibilities for designing an adaptable energy system in Kosovo with the ability to balance electricity supply and demand which will meet the requirements for a more efficient, reliable and secure system. A new way of energy generating through integration of new renewable and non-renewable technologies is developed using the EnergyPLAN model. The system is based on available technologies: existing hydro, wind, photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power (CHP) and new solar thermal, heat pumps and biomass. The baseline scenario 2015 was expanded by four additional scenarios, two for the year 2030 and two for the year 2050. The contribution of renewable sources in the primary energy supply (PES) in the performed scenarios was 14.8%, 34.1%, 38.4%, 69.7% and 68.3% respectively. Further, a very important component of this paper is the investigation of integrating carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology in the coal-based power plant as part of the analysis in the second scenario for 2050. The shift to zero-carbon energy system in Kosovo requires additional research and assessment in order to identify the untapped potential of renewable sources. However, from the results obtained it can be concluded that the goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy system in Kosovo state which will meet its long-term energy needs can be certainly achieved.
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Zhang X, Wang X, Qiu H, Kong D, Han M, Guo Y. Poly(methacrylate citric acid) with good biosafety as nanoadsorbents of heavy metal ions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 187:110656. [PMID: 31796243 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal ion in aqueous solutions has been a challenge to human health. Discovering efficient adsorbents to remove heavy metal ion from water can help address this problem. In this study, poly(methacrylate citric acid) (PCA) with a well-defined structure based on a hydrophilic citric acid monomer was synthesized and then applied as a nanoadsorbent to remove several heavy metal ion. PCA presented excellent solubility in aqueous solution, and after freeze-drying, a loose porous structure was observed. PCA exhibited higher adsorption capacity for all the heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) than citric acid, and had a selectivity for Pb2+ ions with a removal efficiency of >90%. PCA also showed a good selectivity for adsorption of Pb2+ in a Chinese medicine decoction, with a removal rate >50%, while the concentration of active ingredient was maintained. Cell cytotoxicity in a cell model and system toxicity in mice indicated good biosafety of PCA. These results suggested that PCA with a good biosafety could be utilized as nanoadsorbent to remove Pb2+ ion from aqueous solution and decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanhong Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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14
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Sun X, Gingerich DB, Azevedo IL, Mauter MS. Trace Element Mass Flow Rates from U.S. Coal Fired Power Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5585-5595. [PMID: 31074623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) exit coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) via solid, liquid, and gaseous waste streams. Estimating the TE concentrations of these waste streams is essential to selecting pollution controls and estimating emission reduction benefits. This work introduces a generalizable mass balance model for estimating TE mass flow rates in CFPP waste streams and evaluates model accuracy for the U.S. coal fleet given current data constraints. We stochastically estimate, using a bootstrapping approach, the 2015 plant-level mass flow rates of Hg, Se, As, and Cl to solid, liquid, and gas phase waste streams by combining publicly available data for combusted coal TE concentrations with estimates of TE partitioning within installed air pollution control processes. When compared with measured and reported data on TE mass flow rates, this model generally overestimates masses by 30-50%, with larger errors for Hg. The partitioning estimates are consistent for Se, As, and Cl removal from flue gas, but tend to underestimate Hg removal. While our model is suitable for first-order estimates of TE mass flows, future work to improve model performance should focus on collecting and using new data on TE concentrations in the coal blend, where data quality is the weakest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Sun
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Daniel B Gingerich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory , Department of Energy , 626 Cochrans Mill Road , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236 , United States
| | - Inês L Azevedo
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Meagan S Mauter
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory , Department of Energy , 626 Cochrans Mill Road , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236 , United States
- Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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Kok VC, Winn PR, Hsieh YJ, Chien JW, Yang JM, Yeh GP. A Pilot Survey of Potentially Hazardous Trace Elements in the Aquatic Environment Near a Coastal Coal-Fired Power Plant in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2019; 13:1178630219862236. [PMID: 31367176 PMCID: PMC6643181 DOI: 10.1177/1178630219862236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of potentially hazardous trace elements were quantified in the aquatic environment near the world's second largest coal-fired power plant (CFPP) and the coal combustion residual (CCR) disposition sites in Central Taiwan. We postulated that contamination from specific trace elements would be present in the abovementioned aquatic environments. METHODS Cross-sectional sampling of trace elements was first performed between September 24, 2017 and October 3, 2017 outside the CFPP, in the effluent sampled from Changhua, a county south of metropolitan Taichung, and at the historical CCR disposal sites, using the intertidal zone surface seawater and the seawater in an oyster farm as controls. Aqueous samples were collected from 12 locations for analysis of 13 trace elements (Al, As, B, Cd, total Cr, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn, Se, Sr, Tl, and V). We used inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry to determine B and Fe levels, and ICP mass spectrometry for all other trace elements. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rho) was calculated to examine the pairwise relation among the trace elements. RESULTS Al (50% of all samples), B (66.7%), Fe (25%), Mn (50%), Sr (8.3%), and V (25%) were identified as being above the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation limit. The oyster farm seawater had no concerns. Mn (96.4 μg/L) in the CFPP drainage effluent was 1.9-fold above the regulation limit. Fe, Mn, and V were detected from the cooling channel at 4379, 625, and 11.3 μg/L, respectively. The effluent and water from the areas surrounding the 2 CCR dump sites revealed similar magnitudes of trace element contamination. B is highly correlated with Sr (Rho = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.98). Meanwhile, Fe is highly correlated with Al (Rho = 0.77), Pb (Rho = 0.71), Co (Rho = 0.75), and V (Rho = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS The EPA must set an explicit regulation limit for aluminum, boron, iron, and strontium in the aquatic environment. This exploratory research will inform policymaking regarding certain trace elements that could potentially have an adverse impact on public health and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Kok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang
Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia
University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Scientific Committee, Air Clean
Taiwan (ACT) Alliance, Changhua, Taiwan
- Victor C Kok, Disease Informatics Research
Group, Asia University; Kuang Tien General Hospital, 117 Shatien Road, Shalu,
Taichung 43303, Taiwan.
| | - Paul R Winn
- Waterkeeper Alliance based in Newcastle,
Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi-Jer Hsieh
- The Scientific Committee, Air Clean
Taiwan (ACT) Alliance, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua
Christian Medical Foundation Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Wen Chien
- The Scientific Committee, Air Clean
Taiwan (ACT) Alliance, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and
Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology,
Changhua Christian Medical Foundation Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital,
Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Yang
- The Scientific Committee, Air Clean
Taiwan (ACT) Alliance, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Perng Yeh
- The Scientific Committee, Air Clean
Taiwan (ACT) Alliance, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Changhua Christian Medical Foundation Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua,
Taiwan
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