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Zhou J, Li D, Duan X, Zhang X, Chen C, Chen Y. Biological VFAs production from proteinaceous wastewater varied with protein type: The role of protein exposed enzyme cleavage sites and hydrolysates biotransformation capacity. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 275:123201. [PMID: 39884052 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Proteinaceous wastewater contains various proteins, which can be valorized to biobased volatile fatty acids (VFAs), important substrates for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics, biodiesel, bioelectricity, etc., but the influence of protein type on VFAs has never been documented. It was found that among the five proteinaceous wastewater proteins investigated, ovalbumin and casein produced the most and the least VFAs, respectively. The mechanism investigation shows that proteins with higher VFAs production had higher functional microorganism abundance and key enzyme activity in the reaction system due to their more enzyme cleavage sites and looser secondary structure, which made it easier for more hydrolase to bind, causing more protein hydrolysis. Also, metaproteomics and amino acid composition analyses revealed that the hydrolysates of proteins with higher VFAs had more isoleucine and proline, which were needed for the synthesis of recognizing and binding proteins (oligopeptide permease subunit A (OppA) and dipeptide permease (Dpp)) of acidogens and beneficial for transporters (Dpp subunit F/Opp subunit F), more hydrolysates (amino acids) were therefore transported into the cell. Further investigation indicates that more electron acceptor and electron donor paired amino acids were in the hydrolysates, facilitating the Stickland reaction and promoting intracellular amino acids bio-transformation to VFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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2
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Peng Y, Jiang L, Wu J, Yang J, Guo Z, Miao M, Peng Z, Chang M, Miao B, Liu H, Liang Y, Yin H, He Q, Liu X. Red Mud Potentially Alleviates Ammonia Nitrogen Inhibition in Swine Manure Anaerobic Digestion by Enhancing Phage-Mediated Ammonia Assimilation. Microorganisms 2025; 13:690. [PMID: 40142582 PMCID: PMC11944383 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Red mud has been demonstrated to improve the methane production performance of anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the influence of red mud on ammonia nitrogen inhibition during AD through the mediating role of bacteria-phages interactions in this process remains poorly understood. Thus, this study investigated the impact of red mud on nitrogen metabolism in AD and characterized the phage and prokaryotic communities through a metagenomic analysis. The results showed that red mud significantly increased methane production by 23.1% and promoted the conversion of ammonia nitrogen into organic nitrogen, resulting in a 4.8% increase in total nitrogen. Simultaneously, it enriched the key microbial genera Methanothrix, Proteinophilum, and Petrimonas by 0.5%, 0.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, suggesting an enhancement in syntrophic acetate oxidation with greater ammonia tolerance. A viral metagenomic analysis identified seven nitrogen-metabolism-related auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), with glnA (encoding glutamine synthetase) being the most abundant. Compared to the control treatments, the red mud treatments led to a higher abundance of temperate phages and an increased number of AMGs. Furthermore, two new hosts carrying glnA (Mycolicibacteria smegmatis and Kitasatopola aureofaciens) were predicted, indicating that red mud expanded the host range of phages and promoted the spread of AMGs. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of phages in alleviating ammonia nitrogen inhibition and provide a novel understanding of the role of red mud in the AD of swine manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Junzhao Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiejie Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Manjun Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Meng Chang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Bo Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.P.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (Z.G.); (M.M.); (Z.P.); (M.C.); (B.M.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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3
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Marten BM, Cook SM. Exploring resource recovery from diverted organics: Life cycle assessment comparison of options for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:175960. [PMID: 39245371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Diversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) from landfills is increasing. Previous life cycle assessment studies have evaluated subsets of OFMSW management options, but conclusions are inconsistent, and none have evaluated diverse applications of material by-products. The primary objective of this work was to identify sustainability-based improvements to the selection, design, implementation, and operation of organics waste diversion management technologies. Process modeling and life cycle assessment were used to compare OFMSW composting, anaerobic digestion, and pyrolysis, with biochar used as a landfill cover, leachate treatment sorbent, and land applicant. Material and energy flows, calculated by newly developed models for the defined functional unit (1 kg MSW over a 20-year timeframe), were translated to environmental performance using ecoinvent and USLCI databases and TRACI method. Additionally, uncertainty, sensitivity, and scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the implications of model uncertainties, design decisions, and resource recovery tradeoffs. OFMSW pyrolysis usually (65 % of uncertainty assessment simulations) had the best global warming performance mostly due to energy recovery and biochar's carbon sequestration benefit, which was independent of fate. Pyrolyzing the biosolids from OFMSW anaerobic digestion recovered the most energy and had the best performance in 34 % of uncertainty simulations. Material recovery amounts were large (e.g., more biochar was produced than required for novel uses) and warrant feasibility considerations. Global warming performance was more sensitive to uncertainty in carbon sequestration and primary energy production than in fertilizer offset, energy conversion, or heat offset approach. Practical implications include the potential for biochar supply to outweigh demand, and inconsistent revenue from the sale of recovered energy and carbon credits; future research could focus on evaluating the relative social and economic sustainability of the OFMSW management technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Marten
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Sherri M Cook
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
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4
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Harrison BP, McNeil WH, Dai T, Campbell JE, Scown CD. Site Suitability and Air Pollution Impacts of Composting Infrastructure for California's Organic Waste Diversion Law. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:19913-19924. [PMID: 39472449 PMCID: PMC11562721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/13/2024]
Abstract
California's organic waste diversion law, SB 1383, mandates a 75% reduction in organics disposal by 2025 to reduce landfill methane emissions. Composting will likely be the primary alternative to landfilling, and 75-100 new large-scale composting facilities must be sited in the state to meet its diversion goal. We developed a strategy for evaluating site suitability for commercial composting by incorporating land-use, economic, and environmental justice criteria. In our Baseline scenario, we identified 899 candidate sites, and nearly all are within a cost-effective hauling distance of cropland and rangelands for compost application. About half of sites, mostly in rural areas, are not within a cost-effective collection distance of enough municipal organics to supply an average-sized facility. Conversely, sites near cities have greater access to organics but cause greater health damages from ammonia and volatile organic compounds emitted during the composting process. The additional required composting capacity corresponds to $266-355 million in annual damages from air pollution. However, this excludes avoided emissions from landfilling, and damages could be reduced by 56% if aerated static piles are used instead of windrows. Siting a higher number of smaller decentralized facilities could also help equally distribute air pollution to avoid concentrating burdens in certain communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P. Harrison
- Energy
and Biosciences Institute, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wilson H. McNeil
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tao Dai
- Biosciences
Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Life-Cycle,
Economics and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy
Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - J. Elliott Campbell
- Environmental
Studies Department, University of California,
Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Corinne D. Scown
- Energy
and Biosciences Institute, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biosciences
Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Life-Cycle,
Economics and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy
Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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5
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Tiong YW, Sharma P, Xu S, Bu J, An S, Foo JBL, Wee BK, Wang Y, Lee JTE, Zhang J, He Y, Tong YW. Enhancing sustainable crop cultivation: The impact of renewable soil amendments and digestate fertilizer on crop growth and nutrient composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123132. [PMID: 38081377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing digestate as a fertilizer enhances soil nutrient content, improves fertility, and minimizes nutrient runoff, mitigating water pollution risks. This alternative approach replaces commercial fertilizers, thereby reducing their environmental impact and lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production and landfilling. Herein, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of various soil amendments, including carbon fractions from waste materials (biochar, compost, and cocopeat), and food waste anaerobic digestate application methods on tomato plant growth (Solanum lycopersicum) and soil fertility. The results suggested that incorporating soil amendments (biochar, compost, and cocopeat) into the potting mix alongside digestate application significantly enhances crop yields, with increases ranging from 12.8 to 17.3% compared to treatments without digestate. Moreover, the combination of soil-biochar amendment and digestate application suggested notable improvements in nitrogen levels by 20.3% and phosphorus levels by 14%, surpassing the performance of the those without digestate. Microbial analysis revealed that the soil-biochar amendment significantly enhanced biological nitrification processes, leading to higher nitrogen levels compared to soil-compost and soil-cocopeat amendments, suggesting potential nitrogen availability enhancement within the rhizosphere's ecological system. Chlorophyll content analysis suggested a significant 6.91% increase with biochar and digestate inclusion in the soil, compared to the treatments without digestate. These findings underscore the substantial potential of crop cultivation using soil-biochar amendments in conjunction with organic fertilization through food waste anaerobic digestate, establishing a waste-to-food recycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei Tiong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Pooja Sharma
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Shuai Xu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jie Bu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Soobin An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jordan Bao Luo Foo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bryan Kangjie Wee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Tian En Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yiliang He
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore.
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6
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Meena PK, Pal A, Gautam S. Zone-wise biogas potential in India: fundamentals, challenges, and policy considerations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1841-1862. [PMID: 38066273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The current manuscript focuses on the advancements made in establishing zone-based biogas plants in India from 1990 to the present. India generates various types of waste from agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Several methods are available to manage and derive energy from these waste materials, such as incineration, gasification, and anaerobic digestion (AD). Among these options, AD stands out as one of the most viable and environmentally friendly alternatives for biogas production, thanks to its low energy consumption. However, developing biogas plants in developing countries faces significant challenges, primarily due to governments' inadequate application of policy, financial, social, market, information, and technical constraints. To compile this information, data from various agencies in India have been gathered, revealing that 1.81 million biogas plants are currently installed in the West Zone, 1.48 million in the South Zone, 1.106 million in the North Zone, and 0.65 million in the East Zone. These biogas plants across the zones generate 7.02 lakh m3 per day. Additionally, 22 bio-CNG plants produce 84,759 kg/day of compressed biogas, and 201 waste plants generate 330.935 MW of electricity. Recently, the government has emphasized several initiatives, including GOBAR-DHAN, New National Biogas and Organic Manure, Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation, and the waste-to-energy program. These initiatives aim to enhance the utilization of waste, promote cleanliness in villages and towns, and support the Swachh Bharat Mission and Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign, leading to tremendous overall success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Meena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Batool K, Zhao ZY, Nureen N, Irfan M. Assessing and prioritizing biogas barriers to alleviate energy poverty in Pakistan: an integrated AHP and G-TOPSIS model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94669-94693. [PMID: 37535278 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogas is a promising renewable technology to alleviate energy poverty. Pakistan has a capacity of 5 million bio digesters that can be installed in different farming areas. However, this target has never been achieved because many barriers hamper the biogas industry development. In previous studies, some researchers have indicated these barriers in different geographical contexts: however, these barriers are rarely examined in Pakistan. To fulfill the research gap, this study prioritizes potential barriers. Using a literature review and a modified Delphi technique, we identify 25 sub-barriers and catalog them into 5 main categories. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) prioritizes the main barriers and sub-barriers based on potential. Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS) ranks the practical alternatives to combat these barriers. The study findings specify that the "financial barrier" is the top-ranked barrier among the main categories, followed by technical, socio-cultural, institutional and administrative, and environmental barriers. The overall ranking shows that the "high starting price tag" is ranked first among all sub-barriers in all categories. It has been proposed that "appropriate financial incentives" and "promotion of customized technology" would be feasible alternative solutions to combat the issues. Based on the research findings, some policy recommendations were suggested for biogas uptake in Pakistan. This study may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and government institutions in accelerating the potential of biogas energy to alleviate energy poverty in rural areas of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Batool
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low Carbon Development, School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low Carbon Development, School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Naila Nureen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low Carbon Development, School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan.
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8
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Leonhardt B, Tyson RJ, Taw E, Went MS, Sanchez DL. Policy Analysis of CO 2 Capture and Sequestration with Anaerobic Digestion for Transportation Fuel Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11401-11409. [PMID: 37494599 PMCID: PMC10413946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Low carbon fuel and waste management policies at the federal and state levels have catalyzed the construction of California's wet anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities. Wet ADs can digest food waste and dairy manure to produce compressed natural gas (CNG) for natural gas vehicles or electricity for electric vehicles (EVs). Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) of CO2 generated from AD reduces the fuel carbon intensity by carbon removal in addition to avoided methane emissions. Using a combined lifecycle and techno-economic analysis, we determine the most cost-effective design under current and forthcoming federal and state low carbon fuel policies. Under many scenarios, designs that convert biogas to electricity for EVs (Biogas to EV) are favored; however, CCS is only cost-effective in these systems with policy incentives that exceed $200/tonne of CO2 captured. Adding CCS to CNG-producing systems (Biogas to CNG) only requires a single unit operation to prepare the CO2 for sequestration, with a sequestration cost of $34/tonne. When maximizing negative emissions is the goal, incentives are needed to either (1) fund CCS with Biogas to EV designs or (2) favor CNG over electricity production from wet AD facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden
E. Leonhardt
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Ryan J. Tyson
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Eric Taw
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Marjorie S. Went
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Daniel L. Sanchez
- Department
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley 94720, United States
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9
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Liu C, Zhang X, Chen C, Yin Y, Zhao G, Chen Y. Physiological Responses of Methanosarcina barkeri under Ammonia Stress at the Molecular Level: The Unignorable Lipid Reprogramming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3917-3929. [PMID: 36820857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetotrophic methanogens' dysfunction in anaerobic digestion under ammonia pressure has been widely concerned. Lipids, the main cytomembrane structural biomolecules, normally play indispensable roles in guaranteeing cell functionality. However, no studies explored the effects of high ammonia on acetotrophic methanogens' lipids. Here, a high-throughput lipidomic interrogation deciphered lipid reprogramming in representative acetoclastic methanogen (Methanosarcina barkeri) upon high ammonia exposure. The results showed that high ammonia conspicuously reduced polyunsaturated lipids and longer-chain lipids, while accumulating lipids with shorter chains and/or more saturation. Also, the correlation network analysis visualized some sphingolipids as the most active participant in lipid-lipid communications, implying that the ammonia-induced enrichment in these sphingolipids triggered other lipid changes. In addition, we discovered the decreased integrity, elevated permeability, depolarization, and diminished fluidity of lipid-supported membranes under ammonia restraint, verifying the noxious ramifications of lipid abnormalities. Additional analysis revealed that high ammonia destabilized the structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) capable of protecting lipids, e.g., declining α-helix/(β-sheet + random coil) and 3-turn helix ratios. Furthermore, the abiotic impairment of critical EPS bonds, including C-OH, C═O-NH-, and S-S, and the biotic downregulation of functional proteins involved in transcription, translation, and EPS building blocks' supply were unraveled under ammonia stress and implied as the crucial mechanisms for EPS reshaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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10
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Zhang L, Wang B, Wang Z, Li K, Fang R, Su Y, Wu D, Xie B. Spatiotemporal footprints of odor compounds in megacity's food waste streams and policy implication. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129423. [PMID: 35752052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Odor pollution is one of the most critical issues in food waste (FW) recycling and has significant implications for human health. However, knowledge of their occurrence and spatiotemporally dynamic in urban FW streams is limited, making it not conducive to implement targeted odor management. This work followed the occurrence of 81 odor compounds (OCs) in nine FW-air environments along the Shanghai's FW streams for one year. Results showed that NH3, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, and methylene chloride were consistently the predominant OCs, despite the distinct differences in OCs profiles across seasons and treatment sites. Ridge regression and principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that seasons might play a non-negligible role in shaping odor profiles, and ambient temperature and humidity could account for the seasonal variation in OCs levels. Based on the modified fuzzy synthetic evaluation system, the screened priority pollutants in different FW-air environments were found broadly similar and the regulated air pollutants released via FW should be expanded to aldehyde and ketone compounds, especially for acetaldehyde. To our knowledge, this study is the first to track the spatiotemporal footprints of OCs within urban FW streams, and provides new insights into the control policy on FW-derived odor issues for megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmao Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Binghan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zijiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ru Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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11
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Harrison BP, Gao S, Gonzales M, Thao T, Bischak E, Ghezzehei TA, Berhe AA, Diaz G, Ryals RA. Dairy Manure Co-composting with Wood Biochar Plays a Critical Role in Meeting Global Methane Goals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10987-10996. [PMID: 35834734 PMCID: PMC9352309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Livestock are the largest source of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, and in intensive dairy systems, manure management can contribute half of livestock CH4. Recent policies such as California's short-lived climate pollutant reduction law (SB 1383) and the Global Methane Pledge call for cuts to livestock CH4 by 2030. However, investments in CH4 reduction strategies are primarily aimed at liquid dairy manure, whereas stockpiled solids remain a large source of CH4. Here, we measure the CH4 and net greenhouse gas reduction potential of dairy manure biochar-composting, a novel manure management strategy, through a composting experiment and life-cycle analysis. We found that biochar-composting reduces CH4 by 79%, compared to composting without biochar. In addition to reducing CH4 during composting, we show that the added climate benefit from biochar production and application contributes to a substantially reduced life-cycle global warming potential for biochar-composting: -535 kg CO2e Mg-1 manure compared to -194 kg CO2e Mg-1 for composting and 102 kg CO2e Mg-1 for stockpiling. If biochar-composting replaces manure stockpiling and complements anaerobic digestion, California could meet SB 1383 with 132 less digesters. When scaled up globally, biochar-composting could mitigate 1.59 Tg CH4 yr-1 while doubling the climate change mitigation potential from dairy manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P. Harrison
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Group, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Si Gao
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Melinda Gonzales
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Group, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Touyee Thao
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Group, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Elena Bischak
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Group, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Teamrat Afewerki Ghezzehei
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Gerardo Diaz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Ryals
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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12
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Gao B, Ma S, Zhong Q, Wang L, Cui S. Life cycle assessment and society willingness to pay indexes of food waste-to-energy strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114364. [PMID: 34959060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) has received increasing attention because of its immense production quantities and significance to resource and environmental impacts related to disposal approaches. We combined life cycle assessment (LCA) with society's willingness to pay (WTP) index to evaluate energy, water, and environmental impacts on three food waste-to-energy (FWTE) options in China. For anaerobic digestion (AD) mode, the results showed that 1140 MJ of energy consumption could be saved by power generation from methane, power transmission, and biodiesel production from per ton of FW; the cost of climate change for treating FW was 137.8 kg CO2e t-1 FW, failing to be climate-sound due to the end life of digestate in practice. The total impact to AD mode in the form of monetized value for WTP was 13.3 CNY t-1 FW, of which the collection and transportation, pretreatment, AD reaction, wastewater treatment, biodiesel production, and residue landfilling stages contributed by 10.5%, 6.5%, 19.3%, 27.6%, 4.7%, and 75.7%, respectively, while biogas utilization offset it by 43.9%. Notably, a considerable amount of water used in AD prevented it from showing an advantage compared to incineration (-5.1 CNY t-1 FW), which performed best overall attributing to the generated electricity compensated for primary energy demand, water, and terrestrial acidification to a great extent. Landfilling turned out to be an unappealing FW disposal method due to the low landfill gas capture ratio. Given that AD is touted for its environmental benefits, potential approaches-such as developing a reliable and supportive technology to facilitate digestate recycling into agriculture-were discussed to improve its competitiveness and attractiveness. Our study employed a way to accumulate and compare impact indicators to better interpret FW management impacts and advantages, considering energy recovery, resource recycling, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shijun Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiumeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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13
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Potential Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Converting High Moisture Food Waste into Bio-Coal from Hydrothermal Carbonisation in India, Europe and China. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonisation is a promising technology for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation through landfill avoidance and power generation, as it can convert high-moisture wastes into bio-coal which can be used for coal substitution. The GHG mitigation potential associated with landfill avoidance of high-moisture food waste (FW) generated in India, China and the EU was calculated and the potential for coal substitution to replace either grid energy, hard coal, or lignite consumption were determined. Different HTC processing conditions were evaluated including temperature and residence times and their effect on energy consumption and energy recovery. The greatest mitigation potential was observed at lower HTC temperatures and shorter residence times with the bio-coal replacing lignite. China had the greatest total mitigation potential (194 MT CO2 eq), whereas India had the greatest mitigation per kg of FW (1.2 kgCO2/kg FW). Significant proportions of overall lignite consumption could be substituted in India (12.4%) and China (7.1%), while sizable levels of methane could be mitigated in India (12.5%), China (19.3%), and the EU (7.2%). GHG savings from conversion of high-moisture FW into bio-coal and subsequent coal replacement has significant potential for reducing total GHG emissions and represents in India (3%), China (2.4%), and the EU (1%).
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14
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Liu C, Huang H, Duan X, Chen Y. Integrated Metagenomic and Metaproteomic Analyses Unravel Ammonia Toxicity to Active Methanogens and Syntrophs, Enzyme Synthesis, and Key Enzymes in Anaerobic Digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14817-14827. [PMID: 34657430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During anaerobic digestion, the active microbiome synthesizes enzymes by transcription and translation, and then enzymes catalyze multistep bioconversions of substrates before methane being produced. However, little information is available on how ammonia affects truly active microbes containing the expressed enzymes, enzyme synthesis, and key enzymes. In this study, an integrated metagenomic and metaproteomic investigation showed that ammonia suppressed not only the obligate acetotrophic methanogens but also the syntrophic propionate and butyrate oxidation taxa and their assistant bacteria (genus Desulfovibrio), which declined the biotransformations of propionate and butyrate → acetate → methane. Although the total population of the hydrolyzing and acidifying bacteria was not affected by ammonia, the bacteria with ammonia resistance increased. Our study also revealed that ammonia restrained the enzyme synthesis process by inhibiting the RNA polymerase (subunits A' and D) during transcription and the ribosome (large (L3, L12, L13, L22, and L25) and small (S3, S3Ae, and S7) ribosomal subunits) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis (aspartate-tRNA synthetase) in translation. Further investigation suggested that methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, and CH3-CoM reductase, which regulate propionate and butyrate oxidation and acetoclastic methanation, were significantly downregulated by ammonia. This study provides intrinsic insights into the fundamental mechanisms of how ammonia inhibits anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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15
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Orner KD, Smith SJ, Breunig HM, Scown CD, Nelson KL. Fertilizer demand and potential supply through nutrient recovery from organic waste digestate in California. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117717. [PMID: 34634641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diversion of organic waste from landfills offers an opportunity to recover valuable nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are typically discarded. Although prior research has explored the potential for buildout of anaerobic digestion (AD) infrastructure to treat organic waste and generate energy, a better understanding is needed of the nutrient recovery potential from the solid and liquid byproducts (digestate) resulting from AD of these waste streams. We quantified the system-wide mass of nutrients that can potentially be recovered in California by integrating current and potential future AD facilities with existing nutrient recovery technologies. Based on a profitable build-out scenario for AD, the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery by mass was greatest from municipal sewage sludge. The nutrient recovery (% total mass) was determined for three different end products for the combined organic waste streams: liquid fertilizer [38% of the total recovered nitrogen (TN)], struvite [50% TN, 66% total phosphorous (TP)], and compost (12% TN, 34% TP). Based on the profitable build-out scenario of AD facilities in California, the recovered nutrients would offset an estimated 11% of TN and 29% of TP of in-state synthetic fertilizer demand, whereas a scenario in which all technically recoverable biomass is collected and treated could offset 44% of TN and 97% of TP demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Orner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Sarah J Smith
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hanna M Breunig
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kara L Nelson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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16
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Marzbali MH, Kundu S, Halder P, Patel S, Hakeem IG, Paz-Ferreiro J, Madapusi S, Surapaneni A, Shah K. Wet organic waste treatment via hydrothermal processing: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130557. [PMID: 33894517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are several recent reviews published in the literature on hydrothermal carbonization, liquefaction and supercritical water gasification of lignocellulosic biomass and algae. The potential of hydrochar, bio-oil or synthesis gas production and applications have also been reviewed individually. The comprehensive review on the hydrothermal treatment of wet wastes (such as municipal solid waste, food waste, sewage sludge, algae) covering carbonization, liquefaction and supercritical water gasification, however, is missing in the literature which formed the basis of the current review paper. The current paper critically reviews the literature around the full spectrum of hydrothermal treatment for wet wastes and establishes a good comparison of the different hydrothermal treatment options for managing wet waste streams. Also, the role of catalysts as well as synthesis of catalysts using hydrothermal treatment of biomass has been critically reviewed. For the first time, efforts have also been made to summarize findings on modelling works as well as techno-economic assessments in the area of hydrothermal treatments of wet wastes. The study concludes with key findings, knowledge gaps and future recommendations to improve the productivity of hydrothermal treatment of wet wastes, helping improve the commercial viability and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hedayati Marzbali
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sazal Kundu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Pobitra Halder
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Savankumar Patel
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Srinivasan Madapusi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre on Advance Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resources, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre on Advance Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resources, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.
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17
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Smith SJ, Satchwell AJ, Kirchstetter TW, Scown CD. The implications of facility design and enabling policies on the economics of dry anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 128:122-131. [PMID: 33989858 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diverting organic waste from landfills provides significant emissions benefits in addition to preserving landfill capacity and creating value-added energy and compost products. Dry anaerobic digestion (AD) is particularly attractive for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste because of its high-solids composition and minimal water requirements. This study utilizes empirical data from operational facilities in California in order to explore the key drivers of dry AD facility profitability, impacts of market forces, and the efficacy of policy incentives. The study finds that dry AD facilities can achieve meaningful economies of scale with organic waste intake amounts larger than 75,000 tonnes per year. Materials handling costs, including the disposal of inorganic residuals from contaminated waste streams and post-digester mass (digestate) management, are both the largest and the most uncertain facility costs. Facilities that utilize the biogas for vehicle fueling and earn associated fuel credits collect revenues that are 4-6x greater than those of facilities generating and selling electricity and 10-12x greater than facilities selling natural gas at market prices. The results suggest important facility design elements and enabling policies to support an increased scale of organic waste handling infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Josephine Smith
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Andrew J Satchwell
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W Kirchstetter
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94720, United States
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18
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Chen H, Hung JM, Hsu KC, Chuang PT, Chen CS. Effects of operating conditions on biogas production in an anaerobic digestion system of the food and beverage industry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2974-2983. [PMID: 33159332 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food residuals (FR) were anaerobically biotransformed to produce biogases (e.g. methane and hydrogen), and different pre-treatment conditions, including particle size, oil content, pH and salt content, were controlled in this study. The bio-solids of a municipal solid waste (MSW) from a wastewater treatment plant were added to assess its effect on anaerobic transformation efficiency and gas yields. RESULTS The breaking of FR and the application of MSW were effective in enhancing the transformation efficiency and yield of biogases. The energy transfer efficiency value of the combined FRs used in this study was probably 23%. However, it can be very cost effective to apply arbitrary proportions to treat two types of FR in the anaerobic digestion tank of a wastewater treatment plant. It was also found that the alkalinity and pH value were two major parameters that controlled the success of the transformation. About 0.16-0.17 kg of alkalinity was needed during the anaerobic digestion of 1 kg dry FR, but this requirement was decreased by the treatment applying MSW. Olive oil had higher reducing rates when used as a substitute for heat-oxidized oil to study the effect of oil content on methylation. CONCLUSION The conditions for anaerobic digestion established in this study were practical for the digestion of FR in wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan. However, we nonetheless found that it was cost effective to use arbitrary proportions for both types of FR and integrate the anaerobic digestion process used in wastewater treatment plants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsinjung Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Min Hung
- Yu-Jia Environmental Professional Office, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ting Chuang
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Shuh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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DelRe C, Jiang Y, Kang P, Kwon J, Hall A, Jayapurna I, Ruan Z, Ma L, Zolkin K, Li T, Scown CD, Ritchie RO, Russell TP, Xu T. Near-complete depolymerization of polyesters with nano-dispersed enzymes. Nature 2021; 592:558-563. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Preble CV, Chen SS, Hotchi T, Sohn MD, Maddalena RL, Russell ML, Brown NJ, Scown CD, Kirchstetter TW. Air Pollutant Emission Rates for Dry Anaerobic Digestion and Composting of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:16097-16107. [PMID: 33226230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic municipal solid waste (MSW) followed by composting of the residual digestate is a waste diversion strategy that generates biogas and soil amendment products. The AD-composting process avoids methane (CH4) emissions from landfilling, but emissions of other greenhouse gases, odorous/toxic species, and reactive compounds can affect net climate and air quality impacts. In situ measurements of key sources at two large-scale industrial facilities in California were conducted to quantify pollutant emission rates across the AD-composting process. These measurements established a strong relationship between flared biogas ammonia (NH3) content and emitted nitrogen oxides (NOx), indicating that fuel NOx formation is significant and dominates over the thermal or prompt NOx pathways when biogas NH3 concentration exceeds ∼200 ppm. Composting is the largest source of CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions (∼60-70%), and dominate NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions (>90%). The high CH4 contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions demonstrates that composting can be an important CH4 source, which could be reduced with improved aeration. Controlling greenhouse gas and toxic/odorous emissions from composting offers the greatest mitigation opportunities for reducing the climate and air quality impacts of the AD-composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea V Preble
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sharon S Chen
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Toshifumi Hotchi
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael D Sohn
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Randy L Maddalena
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marion L Russell
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W Kirchstetter
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Yang M, Baral NR, Anastasopoulou A, Breunig HM, Scown CD. Cost and Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Implications of Integrating Biogas Upgrading and Carbon Capture Technologies in Cellulosic Biorefineries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12810-12819. [PMID: 33030339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous streams in biorefineries have been undervalued and underutilized. In cellulosic biorefineries, coproduced biogas is assumed to be combusted alongside lignin to generate process heat and electricity. Biogas can instead be upgraded to compressed biomethane and used as a transportation fuel. Capturing CO2-rich streams generated in biorefineries can also contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation goals. We explore the economic and life-cycle GHG impacts of biogas upgrading and CO2 capture and storage (CCS) at ionic liquid-based cellulosic ethanol biorefineries using biomass sorghum. Without policy incentives, biorefineries with biogas upgrading systems can achieve a comparable minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) and reduced GHG footprint ($1.38/liter gasoline equivalent (LGE) and 12.9 gCO2e/MJ) relative to facilities that combust biogas onsite ($1.34/LGE and 24.3 gCO2e/MJ). Incorporating renewable identification number (RIN) values advantages facilities that upgrade biogas relative to other options (MESP of $0.72/LGE). Incorporating CCS increases the MESP but dramatically decreases the GHG footprint (-21.3 gCO2e/MJ for partial, -110.7 gCO2e/MJ for full CCS). The addition of CCS also decreases the cost of carbon mitigation to as low as $52-$78/t CO2, depending on the assumed fuel selling price, and is the lowest-cost option if both RIN and California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard credits are incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Yang
- Life-cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nawa Raj Baral
- Life-cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aikaterini Anastasopoulou
- Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hanna M Breunig
- Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Life-cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Yan M, Treu L, Zhu X, Tian H, Basile A, Fotidis IA, Campanaro S, Angelidaki I. Insights into Ammonia Adaptation and Methanogenic Precursor Oxidation by Genome-Centric Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12568-12582. [PMID: 32852203 PMCID: PMC8154354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia released from the degradation of protein and/or urea usually leads to suboptimal anaerobic digestion (AD) when N-rich organic waste is used. However, the insights behind the differential ammonia tolerance of anaerobic microbiomes remain an enigma. In this study, the cultivation in synthetic medium with different carbon sources (acetate, methanol, formate, and H2/CO2) shaped a common initial inoculum into four unique ammonia-tolerant syntrophic populations. Specifically, various levels of ammonia tolerance were observed: consortia fed with methanol and H2/CO2 could grow at ammonia levels up to 7.25 g NH+-N/L, whereas the other two groups (formate and acetate) only thrived at 5.25 and 4.25 g NH+-N/L, respectively. Metabolic reconstruction highlighted that this divergent microbiome might be achieved by complementary metabolisms to maximize biomethane recovery from carbon sources, thus indicating the importance of the syntrophic community in the AD of N-rich substrates. Besides, sodium/proton antiporter operon, osmoprotectant/K+ regulator, and osmoprotectant synthesis operon may function as the main drivers of adaptation to the ammonia stress. Moreover, energy from the substrate-level phosphorylation and multiple energy-converting hydrogenases (e.g., Ech and Eha) could aid methanogens to balance the energy request for anabolic activities and contribute to thriving when exposed to high ammonia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hailin Tian
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Arianna Basile
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ioannis A. Fotidis
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Nordahl SL, Devkota JP, Amirebrahimi J, Smith SJ, Breunig HM, Preble CV, Satchwell AJ, Jin L, Brown NJ, Kirchstetter TW, Scown CD. Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Human Health Trade-Offs of Organic Waste Management Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9200-9209. [PMID: 32628836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste-to-energy systems can play an important role in diverting organic waste from landfills. However, real-world waste management can differ from idealized practices, and emissions driven by microbial communities and complex chemical processes are poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive life-cycle assessment, using reported and measured data, of competing management alternatives for organic municipal solid waste including landfilling, composting, dry anaerobic digestion (AD) for the production of renewable natural gas (RNG), and dry AD with electricity generation. Landfilling is the most greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensive option, emitting nearly 400 kg CO2e per tonne of organic waste. Composting raw organics resulted in the lowest GHG emissions, at -41 kg CO2e per tonne of waste, while upgrading biogas to RNG after dry AD resulted in -36 to -2 kg CO2e per tonne. Monetizing the results based on social costs of carbon and other air pollutant emissions highlights the importance of ground-level NH3 emissions from composting nitrogen-rich organic waste or post-AD solids. However, better characterization of material-specific NH3 emissions from landfills and land-application of digestate is essential to fully understand the trade-offs between alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Nordahl
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jay P Devkota
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jahon Amirebrahimi
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Agriculture and Resource Economics Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sarah Josephine Smith
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hanna M Breunig
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chelsea V Preble
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew J Satchwell
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ling Jin
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W Kirchstetter
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94720, United States
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24
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Harnessing the Residual Nutrients in Anaerobic Digestate for Ethanol Fermentation and Digestate Remediation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FERMENTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of concomitant nutrient removal, cleaner water recovery, and improved ethanol production via glucose fermentation in the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate (ADE) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 25%, 50%, and 100% (v/v) ADE supported the growth of S. cerevisiae, glucose utilization (~100 g/L) and ethanol production (up to 50.4 ± 6.4 g/L). After a 144 h fermentation in the 50% ADE, the concentrations of ammonia, total nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus decreased 1000-, 104.43-, 1.94-, and 2.20-fold, respectively. Notably, only 0.40 ± 0.61 mg/L ammonia was detected in the 50% ADE post-fermentation. Similarly, the concentrations of aluminum, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, sodium, iron, sulfur, zinc, chloride, and sulfate decreased significantly in the ADE. Further analysis suggests that the nitrogen (ammonia and protein), phosphate, and the metal contents of the digestate work in tandem to promote growth and ethanol production. Among these, ammonia and protein appear to exert considerable effects on S. cerevisiae. These results represent a significant first step towards repurposing ADE as a resource in bio-production of fuels and chemicals, whilst generating effluent that is economically treatable by conventional wastewater treatment technologies.
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25
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Harrison BP, Chopra E, Ryals R, Campbell JE. Quantifying the Farmland Application of Compost to Help Meet California's Organic Waste Diversion Law. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4545-4553. [PMID: 32162912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
California's landmark waste diversion law, SB 1383, mandates the diversion of 75% of organic waste entering landfills by 2025. Much of this organic waste will likely be composted and applied to farms. However, compost is expensive and energy intensive to transport, which limits the distance that compost can be shipped. Though the diversion of organic waste from landfills in California has the potential to significantly reduce methane emissions, it is unclear if enough farmland exists in close proximity to each city for the distribution of compost. To address this knowledge gap, we develop the Compost Allocation Network (CAN), a geospatial model that simulates the production and transport of waste for all California cities and farms across a range of scenarios for per capita waste production, compost application rate, and composting conversion rate. We applied this model to answer two questions: how much farmland can be applied with municipal compost and what percentage of the diverted organic waste can be used to supplement local farmland. The results suggest that a composting system that recycles nutrients between cities and local farms has the potential to play a major role in helping California meet SB 1383 while reducing state emissions by -6.3 ± 10.1 MMT CO2e annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Harrison
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Evan Chopra
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Rebecca Ryals
- Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - J Elliott Campbell
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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26
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Breunig HM, Amirebrahimi J, Smith S, Scown CD. Role of Digestate and Biochar in Carbon-Negative Bioenergy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12989-12998. [PMID: 31626735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Digestate and biochar can be land applied to sequester carbon and improve net primary productivity, but the achievable scale is tied to expected growth in bioenergy production and land available for application. We use an attributional life-cycle assessment approach to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon storage potential of biochar, digested solids, and composted digested solids generated from organic waste in California as a test case. Our scenarios characterize changes in organic waste production, bioenergy facility build-out, bioenergy byproduct quality, and soil response. Moderate to upper bound growth in the bioenergy sector with annual byproduct disposal over 100 years could provide a cumulative GHG offset of 50-400 MMTCO2 equiv, with an additional 80-300 MMTC sequestered in soils. This corresponds to net GHG mitigation over 100 years equivalent to 340-1500 MMTCO2 equiv (80-350% of California's annual emissions). In most scenarios, there is sufficient working land to apply all available biochar and digestate, although land becomes a constraint if the soil's rest time between applications increases from 5 to 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Breunig
- Energy Technologies Area , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jahon Amirebrahimi
- Energy Technologies Area , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Sarah Smith
- Energy Technologies Area , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Technologies Area , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville , California 94608 , United States
- Energy & Biosciences Institute , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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27
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Guilford NGH, Lee HP, Kanger K, Meyer T, Edwards EA. Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Mixed Organic Waste: The Synergistic Effect of Food Waste Addition on the Destruction of Paper and Cardboard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12677-12687. [PMID: 31593445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Full-scale anaerobic digestion processes for organic solid waste are common in Europe but are generally unaffordable in Canada and the United States because of inadequate regulations to restrict cheaper forms of disposal, particularly landfill. We investigated the viability of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) as an alternative that reduces the costs of waste pretreatment and subsequent wastewater treatment. A laboratory SS-AD digester, comprising six 10 L leach beds and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating the leachate, was operated continuously for 88 weeks, with a mass balance based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 100 ± 2% (CODout/CODin). The feed was a mixture of fibers (cardboard, boxboard, newsprint, and fine paper) with varying amounts of food waste added. The process remained stable throughout. The addition of food waste caused a synergistic effect, raising methane production from the fiber mixture from a low of 52.7 L kg-1 COD fibersadded at no food waste, to 152 L kg-1 COD fibersadded at 29% food waste, an increase of 190%. Substrate COD destruction efficiency reached 65%, and the methane yield reached 225 L kg-1 CODadded at 29% food waste on a COD basis, with a solids retention time of 42 days. This performance was similar to that of a completely stirred tank reactor digesting similar wastes, but with much lower energy input. Multiple factors likely contributed to the enhanced fiber destruction, including the action of hydrolytic enzymes derived from fresh food waste and continuous leachate recirculation between leach beds of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G H Guilford
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and BioZone , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3E5
| | - HyunWoo Peter Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and BioZone , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Kärt Kanger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and BioZone , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3E5
- Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Torsten Meyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and BioZone , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and BioZone , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3E5
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