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Zou X, Lu Y, Liu Y. Divergences of granules and flocs microbial communities and contributions to nitrogen removal under varied carbon to nitrogen ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 425:132226. [PMID: 40015524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors are promising for treating high ammonia wastewaters, yet the roles of granules and flocs in nitrogen removal under varying carbon to nitrogen (COD/N) ratios remain unclear. This study investigated microbial communities and their contributions to N removal as the COD/N ratio shifted from 6 to 4, and to 2. Results showed granules contributed 53-64 % nitrification capacity at higher COD/N ratios (6 and 4), but flocs contributed more (50-63 %) at a ratio of 2. Granules consistently exhibited higher denitrification capacity (>50 %). Heterotrophic bacteria dominated in both granules and flocs across all ratios. As the COD/N ratio reduced, the relative abundance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation microorganisms (Candidatus Anammoximicrobium) and filamentous bacteria increased in granules, while ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) and complex organic degraders increased in flocs. These findings highlight the importance of selectively retaining granules or flocs under varying COD/N ratios to optimize nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Liu XY, Ma JY, Liu MY, Duan JL, Wang Y, Sun XD, Ding C, Feng LJ, Yan Z, Yuan XZ. Light-Independent Fe 3O 4- Methanosarcina acetivorans Biohybrid Enhances Nitrogen Fixation and Methanogenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:7694-7702. [PMID: 39985782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c17259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Biohybrid systems that integrate microorganisms with nanomaterials have emerged as promising solutions for sustainable nitrogen fixation. However, key challenges, such as the dependence on light and the vulnerability of nitrogenase to oxidative damage, have limited their application. Here, we report a novel, light-independent biohybrid system integrating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, resulting in a significant enhancement of both nitrogen fixation activity and methane production. Fe3O4 nanoparticles facilitate directional electron transfer, thereby enhancing methanogenesis and nitrogenase function. Furthermore, the biohybrid system enhances adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through improved electron flow along membrane-bound electron chains, further supporting nitrogenase activity. Our findings provide a new strategy for advancing nitrogen fixation in archaea, offering an efficient and sustainable approach for biological nitrogen fixation without reliance on solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Ya Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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Deng Y, Li CJ, Zhang J, Liu WH, Yu LY, Zhang YQ. Extensive genomic study characterizing three Paracoccaceae populations and revealing Pseudogemmobacter lacusdianii sp. nov. and Paracoccus broussonetiae sp. nov. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0108824. [PMID: 39329474 PMCID: PMC11537045 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01088-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria within the family Paracoccaceae show promising potential for applications in various fields, garnering significant research attention. Three Gram stain-negative bacteria, strains CPCC 101601T, CPCC 101403T, and CPCC 100767, were isolated from diverse environments: freshwater, rhizosphere soil of Broussonetia papyrifera, and the phycosphere, respectively. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, compared with those in the GenBank database, indicated that they belong to the family Paracoccaceae, with nucleotide similarities of 92.5%-99.9% to all of the Paracoccaceae members with valid taxonomic names. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences identified CPCC 101601T as a member of the genus Pseudogemmobacter, CPCC 101403T belonging to the genus Paracoccus, and CPCC 100767 as part of the genus Gemmobacter. Notably, genomic analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI; <95%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; <70%) with their closely related strains suggested that CPCC 101601T and CPCC 101403T represent new species within their respective genera. Conversely, CPCC 100767 exhibited high ANI (98.5%) and dDDH (87.4%) values with Gemmobacter fulvus con5T, indicating it belongs to this already recognized species. The in-depth genomic analysis revealed that strains CPCC 101601T, CPCC 101403T, and CPCC 100767 harbor key genes related to the pathways for denitrifying, MA utilization, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. Moreover, genotyping and phenotyping analysis confirmed that strain CPCC 100767 has the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and produce 5-aminolevulinic acid, whereas CPCC 101601T can only perform the former bioprocess.IMPORTANCEBased on polyphasic taxonomic study, two new species, Pseudogemmobacter lacusdianii and Paracoccus broussonetiae, affiliated with the family Paracoccaceae were identified. This expands our understanding of the family Paracoccaceae and provides new microbial materials for further studies. Modern genomic techniques such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization were utilized to determine species affiliations. These methods offer more precise results than traditional classification mainly based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Beyond classification of these strains, the research delved into their genomes and discovered key genes related to denitrification, MA utilization, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. The identification of these genes provides a molecular basis for understanding the environmental roles of these strains. Particularly, strain CPCC 100767 demonstrated the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and produce 5-aminolevulinic acid. These bioprocess capabilities are of significant practical value, such as in agricultural production for use as biofertilizers or biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Jian Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li-Yan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fan T, Liu X, Sheng H, Ma M, Chen X, Yue Y, Sun J, Kalkhajeh YK. The enhancement effect of n-Fe 3O 4 on methyl orange reduction by nitrogen-fixing bacteria consortium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135362. [PMID: 39116744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Although the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes is ecofriendly, high ammonia consumption remains a significant challenge. This work enriched a mixed nitrogen-fixing bacteria consortium (NFBC) using n-Fe3O4 to promote the anaerobic reduction of methyl orange (MO) without exogenous nitrogen. The enriched NFBC was dominated by Klebsiella (80.77 %) and Clostridium (17.16 %), and achieved a 92.7 % reduction of MO with an initial concentration of 25 mg·L-1. Compared with the control, the consortium increased the reduction efficiency of MO, cytochrome c content, and electron transport system (ETS) activity by 11.86 %, 89.86 %, and 58.49 %, respectively. When using 2.5 g·L-1 n-Fe3O4, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of NFBC were present in a concentration of 85.35 mg·g-1. The specific reduction rates of MO by NFBC were 2.26 and 3.30 times faster than those of Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively, while the enrichment factor of the ribosome pathway in NFBC exceeded 0.75. Transcriptome, carbon consumption, and EPS analyses suggested that n-Fe3O4 stimulated carbon metabolism and secreted protein synthesized by the mixed culture. The latter occurred due to the increased activity of consortium and the content of redox substances. These findings demonstrate that n-Fe3O4 promoted the efficiency of mixed nitrogen-fixing bacteria for removing azo dyes from wastewater. This innovative approach highlights the potential of integrating nanomaterials with biological systems to effectively address complex pollution challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Huazeyu Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yuchen Yue
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yusef Kianpoor Kalkhajeh
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, PR China
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Grossmann L. Sustainable media feedstocks for cellular agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108367. [PMID: 38679340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The global food system is shifting towards cellular agriculture, a second domestication marked by cultivating microorganisms and tissues for sustainable food production. This involves tissue engineering, precision fermentation, and microbial biomass fermentation to establish food value chains independent of traditional agriculture. However, these techniques rely on growth media sourced from agricultural, chemical (fossil fuels), and mining supply chains, raising concerns about land use competition, emissions, and resource depletion. Fermentable sugars, nitrogen, and phosphates are key ingredients derived from starch crops, energy-intensive fossil fuel based processes, and finite phosphorus resources, respectively. This review explores sustainable alternatives to reduce land use and emissions associated with cellular agriculture media ingredients. Sustainable alternatives to first generation sugars (lignocellulosic substrates, sidestreams, and gaseous feedstocks), sustainable nitrogen sources (sidestreams, green ammonia, biological nitrogen fixation), and efficient use of phosphates are reviewed. Especially cellulosic sugars, gaseous chemoautotrophic feedstocks, green ammonia, and phosphate recycling are the most promising technologies but economic constraints hinder large-scale adoption, necessitating more efficient processes and cost reduction. Collaborative efforts are vital for a biotechnological future grounded in sustainable feedstocks, mitigating competition with agricultural land and emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Song C. Agricultural fertilization near marshes impacts the potential for greenhouse gas emissions from wetland ecosystems by modifying microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172400. [PMID: 38631634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring agricultural security and preserving the health of wetland ecosystems are crucial concerns facing northeast China. However, the adverse effects of environmental pollution, especially nitrogen (N), caused by prolonged agricultural development on the health of marsh wetlands cannot be systematically recognized. To address this issue, an 18-year trial with four different levels of N application was carried out in a typical area of the Northeast region: 0, 6, 12, and 24 gN·m-2·a-1 (referred to as CK, N6, N12, and N24, respectively) to investigate changes in wetland ecological functioning. The results showed that long-term N input significantly enhanced soil N availability. High-level of N addition (N24) significantly reduced soil bacterial richness in October, while fungal diversity was significantly higher in June than in October for both control and N6 treatments. The main environmental factors affecting microorganisms in June were TN, NH4+, and EC, while bacterial and fungal communities were influenced by TN and Leaf Area Index (LAI), respectively, in October. It was found that the AN16S gene was significantly higher in June than in October, indicating that summer is the critical time for N removal in the wetland. N addition significantly reduced the abundance of the NIFH gene and decreased the N fixation potential of the wetland. In June, low and medium levels of N inputs promoted denitrification processes in the wetland and elevated the wetland N2O emission potential. The abundance of NARG, NIRK, and NOSZ genes decreased significantly in October compared to June, indicating a decrease in the wetland N2O emission potential. Additionally, it was observed that soil methanotrophs were positively affected by NH4+ and TN in October, thereby reducing the wetland CH4 emission potential. Our research provides a systematic understanding of the impact of agricultural N pollution on marsh wetlands, which can inform strategies to protect wetland health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Chen
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Changchun Song
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
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Gao W, Zhao J, Guo X, Wang F, Chen X, Zhu Z, Ge T, Wang L, Kuzyakov Y, Wu J, Jia Z. Intensive N 2 fixation accelerates microbial turnover in cropland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170081. [PMID: 38220009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is strongly affected by the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry in soil and depends on the input of organic C. Due to the high metabolic costs of nitrogenase activity, however, the response of BNF to organic C input and its impact on microbial turnover remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we combined 15N2 tracing with high-throughput sequencing by adding glucose or glucose plus mineral N fertilizer for a 12-day incubation in three cropland soils. Glucose addition alone strongly changed the BNF activity (0.76-2.51 mg N kg-1 d-1), while BNF was completely absent after mineral N fertilization. This switch-on of BNF by glucose addition supported equally high rates of microbial growth and organic C mineralization compared with the direct mineral N assimilation by microorganisms. Glucose-induced BNF was predominantly catalyzed by Azotobacter-affiliated free-living diazotrophs (>50 % of the total nifH genes), which increased with diverse nondiazotrophs such as Nitrososphaera, Bacillus and Pseudoxanthomonas. Structural equation models (SEMs) and random forest (RF) analyses consistently revealed that the soil C:N ratio and Azotobacter-affiliated diazotrophic abundances were the key factors affecting glucose-induced BNF. Our findings emphasize the importance of free-living diazotrophs for microbial turnover of organic C in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xiangbi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Zhenke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Tida Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Lianfeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, PR China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420049, Russia
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, PR China.
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Wang Q, Pan Y, Chu G, Lu S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Jin C, Gao M. Impact of aerobic/anoxic alternation number on performance, microbial community and functional genes of sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating mariculture wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128699. [PMID: 36731617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance, microbial community and functional genes of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were investigated in treating mariculture wastewater under different aerobic/anoxic alternation number. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+-N kept at 95.66 ± 1.83 % and 90.28 ± 2.42 % under aerobic/anoxic alternation number between 1 and 4. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency gradually decreased from 94.45 ± 1.12 % to 83.06 ± 1.25 % with the increase of aerobic/anoxic alternative number from 1 to 4. The nitrification rates and their corresponding enzymatic activities increased slightly with the increase of aerobic/anoxic alternation number, whereas the denitrifying process had the contrary results. The variation of aerobic/anoxic alternation number obviously affected the microbial diversity and abundance. The microbial network structure and keystone taxa were different under different aerobic/anoxic alternation number. The functional genes abundance for the denitrification pathway decreased with the increase of aerobic/anoxic alternation number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhi Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yunhao Pan
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuailing Lu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Gutiérrez CF, Rodríguez-Romero N, Egan S, Holmes E, Sanabria J. Exploiting the Potential of Bioreactors for Creating Spatial Organization in the Soil Microbiome: A Strategy for Increasing Sustainable Agricultural Practices. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071464. [PMID: 35889183 PMCID: PMC9319577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial production of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and their crop application have caused considerable environmental impacts. Some eco-friendly alternatives try to solve them but raise some restrictions. We tested a novel method to produce a nitrogen bioinoculant by enriching a soil microbial community in bioreactors supplying N2 by air pumping. The biomass enriched with diazotrophic bacteria was diluted and applied to N-depleted and sterilized soil of tomato plants. We estimated microbial composition and diversity by 16S rRNA metabarcoding from soil and bioreactors at different run times and during plant uprooting. Bioreactors promoted the N-fixing microbial community and revealed a hided diversity. One hundred twenty-four (124) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned to bacteria with a greater Shannon diversity during the reactor’s steady state. A total of 753 OTUs were found in the rhizospheres with higher biodiversity when the lowest concentration of bacteria was applied. The apparent bacterial abundance in the batch and continuous bioreactors suggested a more specific functional ecological organization. We demonstrate the usefulness of bioreactors to evidence hidden diversity in the soil when it passes through bioreactors. By obtaining the same growth of inoculated plants and the control with chemical synthesis fertilizers, we evidence the potential of the methodology that we have called directed bioprospecting to grow a complex nitrogen-fixing microbial community. The simplicity of the reactor’s operation makes its application promising for developing countries with low technological progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Gutiérrez
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez Campus, Cali 76001, Colombia; (C.F.G.); (N.R.-R.)
| | - Nicolás Rodríguez-Romero
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez Campus, Cali 76001, Colombia; (C.F.G.); (N.R.-R.)
| | - Siobhon Egan
- Australian National Phenome Center, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (S.E.); (E.H.)
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Center, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (S.E.); (E.H.)
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez Campus, Cali 76001, Colombia; (C.F.G.); (N.R.-R.)
- Australian National Phenome Center, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (S.E.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Mader AE, Holtman GA, Welz PJ. Treatment wetlands and phyto-technologies for remediation of winery effluent: Challenges and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150544. [PMID: 34619225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The composition and concentration of contaminants present in winery wastewater fluctuate through space and time, presenting a challenge for traditional remediation methods. Bio-hydrogeochemical engineered systems, such as treatment wetlands, have been demonstrated to effectively reduce contaminant loads prior to disposal or reuse of the effluent. This review identifies and details the status quo and challenges associated with (i) the characteristics of winery wastewater, and the (ii) functional components, (iii) operational parameters, and (iv) performance of treatment wetlands for remediation of winery effluent. Potential solutions to challenges associated with these aspects are presented, based on the latest literature. A particular emphasis has been placed on the phytoremediation of winery wastewater, and the rationale for selection of plant species for niche bioremediatory roles. This is attributed to previously reported low-to-negative removal percentages of persistent contaminants, such as salts and heavy metals that may be present in winery wastewater. A case for the inclusion of selected terrestrial halophytes in treatment wetlands and in areas irrigated using winery effluent is discussed. These are plant species that have an elevated ability to accumulate, cross-tolerate and potentially remove a range of persistent contaminants from winery effluent via various phytotechnologies (e.g., phytodesalination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Mader
- School of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Gareth A Holtman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony way, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony way, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Pamela J Welz
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony way, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
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11
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Jing X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Rensing C, Zhou S. Anode respiration-dependent biological nitrogen fixation by Geobacter sulfurreducens. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117860. [PMID: 34798422 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present nitrogen fixation industry is usually energy-intensive and environmentally detrimental. Therefore, it is appealing to find alternatives. Here, we achieved both a synchronized biological nitrogen fixation and electric energy production by using Geobacter sulfurreducens in a microbial electrochemical system. The results showed that G. sulfurreducens was able to fix nitrogen depending on anode respiration, producing a maximum current density of 0.17 ± 0.015 mA cm-2 and a nitrogen-fixing activity of ca. 0.78 μmol C2H4 mg protein-1 h-1, thereby achieving a net total nitrogen-fixing rate of ca. 5.6 mg L-1 day-1. Specifically, nitrogen fixation did not impair coulombic efficiency. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses demonstrated that anode respiration provided sufficient energy to drive nitrogen fixation, and in turn nitrogen fixation promoted anode respiration of the cell by increasing acetate catabolism but reducing acetate anabolism. Furthermore, we showed that G. sulfurreducens could be supplied in a bioelectrochemical system for N-deficient wastewater treatment to relieve N-deficiency stress contributing to the formation of an electroactive biofilm, thereby simultaneously achieving nitrogen fixation, current generation and dissoluble organic carbon removal. Our study revealed a synergistic effect between biological nitrogen fixation and current generation by G. sulfurreducens, providing a green nitrogen fixation alternative through shifting the nitrogen fixation field from energy consumption to energy production and having implications for N-deficient wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Jing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China.
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China.
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12
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Ospina-Betancourth C, Acharya K, Allen B, Head IM, Sanabria J, Curtis TP. Valorization of pulp and paper industry wastewater using sludge enriched with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1734-1747. [PMID: 33765365 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) can reduce nitrogen at ambient pressure and temperature. In this study, we treated effluent from a paper mill in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and monitored the abundance and activity of NFB with a view to producing a sludge that could work as a biofertilizer. Four reactors were inoculated with activated sludge enriched with NFB and fed with a high C/N waste (100:0.5) from a paper mill. Though the reactors were able to reduce the organic load of the wastewater by up to 89%, they did not have any nitrogen-fixing activity and showed a decrease in the putative number of NFB (quantified with qPCR). The most abundant species in the reactors treating high C/N paper mill wastewater was identified by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as Methyloversatilis sp. (relative abundance of 4.4%). Nitrogen fixation was observed when the C/N ratio was increased by adding sucrose. We suspect that real-world biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) will only occur where there is a C/N ratio ≤100:0.07. Consequently, operators should actively avoid adding or allowing nitrogen in the waste streams if they wish to valorize their sludge and reduce running costs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Efficient biological wastewater treatment of low nitrogen paper mill effluent was achieved without nutrient supplementation. The sludge was still capable of fixing nitrogen although this process was not observed in the wastewater treatment system. This high C/N wastewater treatment technology could be used with effluents from cassava flour, olive oil, wine and dairy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishor Acharya
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ben Allen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian M Head
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Thomas P Curtis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and non-rhizophere soils of Ebinur Lake Wetland. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3919-3932. [PMID: 34021386 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ebinur Lake Wetland is an understudied desert wetland ecosystem, particularly regarding nitrogen cycling. This study aimed to ascertain the diversity and richness of nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in the Ebinur Lake Wetland. The diversity of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria community of nifH genes from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four plants in different seasons were examined using Illumina HiSeq PE250 high-throughput sequencing technology. The correlation between soil environmental factors and diversity and richness of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was studied using the redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the constructive plants was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil; also, the diversity in July was higher than that in October and April. Geobacter, Pseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant common bacteria in different samples of Ebinur Lake Wetland. The RDA showed that the total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphoruswere significantly correlated with the diversity and richness of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The diversity and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil samples also changed over time. The community structures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the four plants were not the same during the same period. The correlation between soil environmental factors and the community structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria can provide data basis and theoretical support for the degradation and restoration of Ebinur Lake Wetland.
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14
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez C, Ospina-Betancourth C, Sanabria J. High Resistance of a Sludge Enriched with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria to Ammonium Salts and Its Potential as a Biofertilizer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050055. [PMID: 34062837 PMCID: PMC8147367 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of chemical fertilizers causes the loss of natural biological nitrogen fixation in soils, water eutrophication and emits more than 300 Mton CO2 per year. It also limits the success of external bacterial inoculation in the soil. Nitrogen fixing bacteria can be inhibited by the presence of ammonia as its presence can inhibit biological nitrogen fixation. Two aerobic sludges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were exposed to high ammonium salts concentrations (>450 mg L−1 and >2 dS m−1). Microbial analysis after treatment through 16S pyrosequencing showed the presence of Fluviicola sp. (17.70%), a genus of the Clostridiaceae family (11.17%), and Azospirillum sp. (10.42%), which were present at the beginning with lower abundance. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis based on nifH genes did not show changes in the nitrogen-fixing population. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (NFB) were identified and associated with other microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle, presumably for survival at extreme conditions. The potential use of aerobic sludges enriched with NFB is proposed as an alternative to chemical fertilizer as this bacteria could supplement nitrogen to the plant showing competitive results with chemical fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- School of Environmental & Natural Resources Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia;
| | | | - Janeth Sanabria
- School of Environmental & Natural Resources Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-2-3302-0002
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15
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Lu Y, Li X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zeng RJ. The indispensable role of assimilation in methane driven nitrate removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141089. [PMID: 32745852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methane is a greenhouse gas that can be released from sludge anaerobic fermentation in wastewater treatment plants. Methane is also an alternative additional carbon source for deep nitrate removal of secondary effluent. A sequencing experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of nitrate removal with methane as the sole carbon source. The maximum nitrate removal rate was 17.2 mg-N·L-1·d-1. Nitrate removal was confirmed to arise via two pathways: aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (AME-D) contributed to 55% of the nitrate removal with the rest stemming from assimilation by methanotrophs. Additional study revealed that nitrate assimilated by methanotrophs was used for the synthesis of proteins, resulting in a protein content of 52.2% dry weight. Metagenomic sequencing revealed a high abundance of nitrate assimilation and glutamine synthetase genes, which were primarily provided by methanotrophs (mainly Methylomonas). Assimilatory nitrate removal by methanotrophs has a high potential for advanced nitrogen removal and for alleviating methane emissions. The nitrogen-rich biomass produced by nitrate absorption could also be used as a biofertilizer for nitrogen recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Center of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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16
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Landazuri CFG, Gomez JS, Raaijmakers JM, Oyserman BO. Restoring degraded microbiome function with self-assembled communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5956484. [PMID: 33150935 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural microbial functions of many soils are severely degraded. Current state-of-the-art technology to restore these functions is through the isolation, screening, formulation and application of microbial inoculants and synthetic consortia. These approaches have inconsistent success, in part due to the incompatibility between the biofertilizer, crop, climate, existing soil microbiome and physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Here, we review the current state of the art in biofertilization and identify two key deficiencies in current strategies: the difficulty in designing complex multispecies biofertilizers and the bottleneck in scaling the production of complex multispecies biofertilizers. To address the challenge of producing scalable, multispecies biofertilizers, we propose to merge ecological theory with bioprocess engineering to produce 'self-assembled communities' enriched for particular functional guilds and adapted to a target soil and host plant. Using the nitrogen problem as an anchor, we review relevant ecology (microbial, plant and environmental), as well as reactor design strategies and operational parameters for the production of functionally enriched self-assembled communities. The use of self-assembled communities for biofertilization addresses two major hurdles in microbiome engineering: the importance of enriching microbes indigenous to (and targeted for) a specific environment and the recognized potential benefits of microbial consortia over isolates (e.g. functional redundancy). The proposed community enrichment model could also be instrumental for other microbial functions such as phosphorus solubilization, plant growth promotion or disease suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Gutierrez Landazuri
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Janeth Sanabria Gomez
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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