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Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Nanostructure and dynamics of N-truncated copper amyloid-β peptides from advanced X-ray absorption fine structure. IUCRJ 2024; 11:325-346. [PMID: 38602752 PMCID: PMC11067746 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) electrochemical cell was used to collect high-quality XAS measurements of N-truncated Cu:amyloid-β (Cu:Aβ) samples under near-physiological conditions. N-truncated Cu:Aβ peptide complexes contribute to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's patients' brains. However, the redox properties of copper in different Aβ peptide sequences are inconsistent. Therefore, the geometry of binding sites for the copper binding in Aβ4-8/12/16 was determined using novel advanced extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. This enables these peptides to perform redox cycles in a manner that might produce toxicity in human brains. Fluorescence XAS measurements were corrected for systematic errors including defective-pixel data, monochromator glitches and dispersion of pixel spectra. Experimental uncertainties at each data point were measured explicitly from the point-wise variance of corrected pixel measurements. The copper-binding environments of Aβ4-8/12/16 were precisely determined by fitting XAS measurements with propagated experimental uncertainties, advanced analysis and hypothesis testing, providing a mechanism to pursue many similarly complex questions in bioscience. The low-temperature XAS measurements here determine that CuII is bound to the first amino acids in the high-affinity amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif with an oxygen in a tetragonal pyramid geometry in the Aβ4-8/12/16 peptides. Room-temperature XAS electrochemical-cell measurements observe metal reduction in the Aβ4-16 peptide. Robust investigations of XAS provide structural details of CuII binding with a very different bis-His motif and a water oxygen in a quasi-tetrahedral geometry. Oxidized XAS measurements of Aβ4-12/16 imply that both CuII and CuIII are accommodated in an ATCUN-like binding site. Hypotheses for these CuI, CuII and CuIII geometries were proven and disproven using the novel data and statistical analysis including F tests. Structural parameters were determined with an accuracy some tenfold better than literature claims of past work. A new protocol was also developed using EXAFS data analysis for monitoring radiation damage. This gives a template for advanced analysis of complex biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Ohse VA, Klotz LO, Priebs J. Copper Homeostasis in the Model Organism C. elegans. Cells 2024; 13:727. [PMID: 38727263 PMCID: PMC11083455 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and organismic copper (Cu) homeostasis is regulated by Cu transporters and Cu chaperones to ensure the controlled uptake, distribution and export of Cu ions. Many of these processes have been extensively investigated in mammalian cell culture, as well as in humans and in mammalian model organisms. Most of the human genes encoding proteins involved in Cu homeostasis have orthologs in the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Starting with a compilation of human Cu proteins and their orthologs, this review presents an overview of Cu homeostasis in C. elegans, comparing it to the human system, thereby establishing the basis for an assessment of the suitability of C. elegans as a model to answer mechanistic questions relating to human Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Nutrigenomics Section, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Josephine Priebs
- Nutrigenomics Section, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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3
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Han J. Copper trafficking systems in cells: insights into coordination chemistry and toxicity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15277-15296. [PMID: 37702384 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal ions, such as copper, are indispensable components in the biological system. Copper ions which primarily exist in two major oxidation states Cu(I) and Cu(II) play crucial roles in various cellular processes including antioxidant defense, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters, and energy metabolism, owing to their inherent redox activity. The disturbance in copper homeostasis can contribute to the development of copper metabolism disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding the copper trafficking system in cellular environments. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of copper homeostatic machinery, with an emphasis on the coordination chemistry of copper transporters and trafficking proteins. While copper chaperones and the corresponding metalloenzymes are thoroughly discussed, we also explore the potential existence of low-molecular-mass metal complexes within cellular systems. Furthermore, we summarize the toxicity mechanisms originating from copper deficiency or accumulation, which include the dysregulation of oxidative stress, signaling pathways, signal transduction, and amyloidosis. This perspective review delves into the current knowledge regarding the intricate aspects of the copper trafficking system, providing valuable insights into potential treatment strategies from the standpoint of bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Falcone E, Hureau C. Redox processes in Cu-binding proteins: the "in-between" states in intrinsically disordered peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6595-6600. [PMID: 37701947 PMCID: PMC10544051 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a concept that some of us first described a decade ago for pure electron transfer [V. Balland, C. Hureau and J.-M. Savéant, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2010, 107, 17113]. In the present viewpoint, based on more recent results, we refine and extend this "in-between state" concept to explain the formation of reactive oxygen species by copper ions bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease. In such intrinsically disordered peptides, the Cu coordination is versatile due to the lack of stable folding and the presence of multiple possible binding anchors. Hence, the Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions do impose their favoured sites, with Cu(I) bound in a linear fashion between two His residues and Cu(II) in a square-based pyramid bound to Asp1 amine and carbonyl groups and two His residues in the equatorial plane. Hence a direct electron transfer is prevented and alternatively an in-between state (IBS) mechanism applies, whose description and analysis with respect to other electron transfer processes is the topic of the present viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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He L, Ma H, Song W, Zhou Z, Ma C, Zhang H. Arabidopsis COPT1 copper transporter uses a single histidine to regulate transport activity and protein stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124404. [PMID: 37054854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper acquisition and subsequent delivery to target proteins are essential for many biological processes. However, the cellular levels of this trace element must be controlled because of its potential toxicity. The COPT1 protein rich in potential metal-binding amino acids functions in high affinity copper uptake at the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis cells. The functional role of these putative metal-binding residues is largely unknown. Through truncations and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified His43, a single residue within the extracellular N-terminal domain as absolutely critical for copper uptake of COPT1. Substitution of this residue with leucine, methionine or cysteine almost inactivated transport function of COPT1, implying that His43 fails to serves as a copper ligand in the regulation of COPT1 activity. Deletion of all extracellular N-terminal metal-binding residues completely blocked copper-stimulated degradation but did not alter the subcellular distribution and multimerization of COPT1. Although mutation of His43 to alanine and serine retained the transporter activity in yeast cells, the mutant protein was unstable and degraded in the proteasome in Arabidopsis cells. Our results demonstrate a pivotal role for the extracellular residue His43 in high affinity copper transport activity, and suggest common molecular mechanisms for regulating both metal transport and protein stability of COPT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hanhan Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenhua Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhongle Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chunjie Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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6
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Orlov IA, Sankova TP, Skvortsov AN, Klotchenko SA, Sakhenberg EI, Mekhova AA, Kiseleva IV, Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV. Properties of recombinant extracellular N-terminal domain of human high-affinity copper transporter 1 (hNdCTR1) and its interactions with Cu(II) and Ag(I) ions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3403-3419. [PMID: 36815348 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is a key link in the transfer of copper (Cu) from the extracellular environment to the cell. Violation in the control system of its expression, or mutations in this gene, cause a global copper imbalance. However, the mechanism of copper transfer via CTR1 remains unclear. It has been shown that transformed bacteria synthesizing the fused GB1-NdCTR become resistant to toxic silver ions. According to UV-Vis spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry, electrophoretically pure GB1-NdCTR specifically and reversibly binds copper and silver ions, and binding is associated with aggregation. Purified NdCTR1 forms SDS-resistant oligomers. The link between nontrivial properties of NdCTR1 and copper import mechanism from extracellular space, as well as potential chelating properties of NdCTR1, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii A Orlov
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana P Sankova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Skvortsov
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of The Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Klotchenko
- Laboratory for the Development of Molecular Diagnostic Systems, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Sakhenberg
- Laboratory of cell protection mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Mekhova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Schulte NB, Pushie MJ, Martinez A, Sendzik M, Escobedo M, Kuter K, Haas KL. Exploration of the Potential Role of Serum Albumin in the Delivery of Cu(I) to Ctr1. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4021-4034. [PMID: 36826341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the major copper (Cu) carrier in blood. The majority of previous studies that have investigated Cu interactions with HSA have focused primarily on the Cu(II) oxidation state. Yet, cellular Cu uptake by the human copper transport protein (Ctr1), a plasma membrane-embedded protein responsible for Cu uptake into cells, requires Cu(I). Recent in vitro work has determined that reducing agents, such as the ascorbate present in blood, are sufficient to reduce the Cu(II)HSA complex to form Cu(I)HSA and that Cu(I) is bound to HSA with pM affinity. The biological accessibility of Cu(I)HSA suggests that HSA-bound Cu(I) may be an unappreciated form of Cu cargo and a key player in extracellular Cu trafficking. To better understand Cu trafficking by HSA, we sought to investigate the exchange of Cu(I) from HSA to a model peptide of the Cu-binding ectodomain of Ctr1. In this study, we used X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to show that Cu(I) becomes more highly coordinated as increasing amounts of the Ctr1-14 model peptide are added to a solution of Cu(I)HSA. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to further characterize the interaction of Cu(I)HSA with Ctr1-14 by determining the ligands coordinating Cu(I) and their bond lengths. The EXAFS data support that some Cu(I) likely undergoes complete transfer from HSA to Ctr1-14. This finding of HSA interacting with and releasing Cu(I) to an ectodomain model peptide of Ctr1 suggests a mechanism by which HSA delivers Cu(I) to cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Schulte
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ana Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Madison Sendzik
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Maria Escobedo
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kristin Kuter
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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8
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On the electrochemical oxidation of methionine residues of proteins. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Nardella MI, Fortino M, Barbanente A, Natile G, Pietropaolo A, Arnesano F. Multinuclear Metal-Binding Ability of the N-Terminal Region of Human Copper Transporter Ctr1: Dependence Upon pH and Metal Oxidation State. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:897621. [PMID: 35601835 PMCID: PMC9117721 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.897621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14mer peptide corresponding to the N-terminal region of human copper transporter Ctr1 was used to investigate the intricate mechanism of metal binding to this plasma membrane permease responsible for copper import in eukaryotic cells. The peptide contains a high-affinity ATCUN Cu(II)/Ni(II)-selective motif, a methionine-only MxMxxM Cu(I)/Ag(I)-selective motif and a double histidine HH(M) motif, which can bind both Cu(II) and Cu(I)/Ag(I) ions. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry, clear evidence was gained that the Ctr1 peptide, at neutral pH, can bind one or two metal ions in the same or different oxidation states. Addition of ascorbate to a neutral solution containing Ctr11-14 and Cu(II) in 1:1 ratio does not cause an appreciable reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), which is indicative of a tight binding of Cu(II) to the ATCUN motif. However, by lowering the pH to 3.5, the Cu(II) ion detaches from the peptide and becomes susceptible to reduction to Cu(I) by ascorbate. It is noteworthy that at low pH, unlike Cu(II), Cu(I) stably binds to methionines of the peptide. This redox reaction could take place in the lumen of acidic organelles after Ctr1 internalization. Unlike Ctr11-14-Cu(II), bimetallic Ctr11-14-2Cu(II) is susceptible to partial reduction by ascorbate at neutral pH, which is indicative of a lower binding affinity of the second Cu(II) ion. The reduced copper remains bound to the peptide, most likely to the HH(M) motif. By lowering the pH to 3.5, Cu(I) shifts from HH(M) to methionine-only coordination, an indication that only the pH-insensitive methionine motif is competent for metal binding at low pH. The easy interconversion of monovalent cations between different coordination modes was supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariagrazia Fortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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10
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Magrì A, Tabbì G, Naletova I, Attanasio F, Arena G, Rizzarelli E. A Deeper Insight in Metal Binding to the hCtr1 N-terminus Fragment: Affinity, Speciation and Binding Mode of Binuclear Cu 2+ and Mononuclear Ag + Complex Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062929. [PMID: 35328348 PMCID: PMC8953729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ctr1 regulates copper uptake and its intracellular distribution. The first 14 amino acid sequence of the Ctr1 ectodomain Ctr1(1-14) encompasses the characteristic Amino Terminal Cu2+ and Ni2+ binding motif (ATCUN) as well as the bis-His binding motif (His5 and His6). We report a combined thermodynamic and spectroscopic (UV-vis, CD, EPR) study dealing with the formation of Cu2+ homobinuclear complexes with Ctr1(1-14), the percentage of which is not negligible even in the presence of a small Cu2+ excess and clearly prevails at a M/L ratio of 1.9. Ascorbate fails to reduce Cu2+ when bound to the ATCUN motif, while it reduces Cu2+ when bound to the His5-His6 motif involved in the formation of binuclear species. The histidine diade characterizes the second binding site and is thought to be responsible for ascorbate oxidation. Binding constants and speciation of Ag+ complexes with Ctr1(1-14), which are assumed to mimic Cu+ interaction with N-terminus of Ctr1(1-14), were also determined. A preliminary immunoblot assay evidences that the anti-Ctr1 extracellular antibody recognizes Ctr1(1-14) in a different way from the longer Ctr1(1-25) that encompasses a second His and Met rich domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Magrì
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Giovanni Tabbì
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Irina Naletova
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.T.); (I.N.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Ricerca dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Via Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.T.); (I.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (E.R.); Tel.: +39-095-7385070 (E.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, CNR, S.S. Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.T.); (I.N.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Ricerca dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Via Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (E.R.); Tel.: +39-095-7385070 (E.R.)
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11
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Copper(II) import and reduction are dependent on His-Met clusters in the extracellular amino terminus of human copper transporter-1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101631. [PMID: 35090891 PMCID: PMC8867124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(I) is an essential metal for all life forms. Though Cu(II) is the most abundant and stable state, its reduction to Cu(I) via an unclear mechanism is prerequisite for its bioutilization. In eukaryotes, the copper transporter-1 (CTR1) is the primary high-affinity copper importer, although its mechanism and role in Cu(II) reduction remain uncharacterized. Here we show that extracellular amino-terminus of human CTR1 contains two methionine-histidine clusters and neighboring aspartates that distinctly bind Cu(I) and Cu(II) preceding its import. We determined that hCTR1 localizes at the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK-II cells and that its endocytosis to Common-Recycling-Endosomes is regulated by reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and subsequent Cu(I) coordination by the methionine cluster. We demonstrate the transient binding of both Cu(II) and Cu(I) during the reduction process is facilitated by aspartates that also act as another crucial determinant of hCTR1 endocytosis. Mutating the first Methionine cluster (7Met-Gly-Met9) and Asp13 abrogated copper uptake and endocytosis upon copper treatment. This phenotype could be reverted by treating the cells with reduced and nonreoxidizable Cu(I). We show that histidine clusters, on other hand, bind Cu(II) and are crucial for hCTR1 functioning at limiting copper. Finally, we show that two N-terminal His-Met-Asp clusters exhibit functional complementarity, as the second cluster is sufficient to preserve copper-induced CTR1 endocytosis upon complete deletion of the first cluster. We propose a novel and detailed mechanism by which the two His-Met-Asp residues of hCTR1 amino-terminus not only bind copper, but also maintain its reduced state, crucial for intracellular uptake.
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12
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The Advantages of EPR Spectroscopy in Exploring Diamagnetic Metal Ion Binding and Transfer Mechanisms in Biological Systems. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as an ideal biophysical tool to study complex biological processes. EPR spectroscopy can follow minor conformational changes in various proteins as a function of ligand or protein binding or interactions with high resolution and sensitivity. Resolving cellular mechanisms, involving small ligand binding or metal ion transfer, is not trivial and cannot be studied using conventional biophysical tools. In recent years, our group has been using EPR spectroscopy to study the mechanism underlying copper ion transfer in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. This mini-review focuses on our achievements following copper metal coordination in the diamagnetic oxidation state, Cu(I), between biomolecules. We discuss the conformational changes induced in proteins upon Cu(I) binding, as well as the conformational changes induced in two proteins involved in Cu(I) transfer. We also consider how EPR spectroscopy, together with other biophysical and computational tools, can identify the Cu(I)-binding sites. This work describes the advantages of EPR spectroscopy for studying biological processes that involve small ligand binding and transfer between intracellular proteins.
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13
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Oxidase Reactivity of Cu II Bound to N-Truncated Aβ Peptides Promoted by Dopamine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105190. [PMID: 34068879 PMCID: PMC8155989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox chemistry of copper(II) is strongly modulated by the coordination to amyloid-β peptides and by the stability of the resulting complexes. Amino-terminal copper and nickel binding motifs (ATCUN) identified in truncated Aβ sequences starting with Phe4 show very high affinity for copper(II) ions. Herein, we study the oxidase activity of [Cu–Aβ4−x] and [Cu–Aβ1−x] complexes toward dopamine and other catechols. The results show that the CuII–ATCUN site is not redox-inert; the reduction of the metal is induced by coordination of catechol to the metal and occurs through an inner sphere reaction. The generation of a ternary [CuII–Aβ–catechol] species determines the efficiency of the oxidation, although the reaction rate is ruled by reoxidation of the CuI complex. In addition to the N-terminal coordination site, the two vicinal histidines, His13 and His14, provide a second Cu-binding motif. Catechol oxidation studies together with structural insight from the mixed dinuclear complexes Ni/Cu–Aβ4−x reveal that the His-tandem is able to bind CuII ions independently of the ATCUN site, but the N-terminal metal complexation reduces the conformational mobility of the peptide chain, preventing the binding and oxidative reactivity toward catechol of CuII bound to the secondary site.
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14
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Dzyhovskyi V, Wieczorek R, Jeżowska-Bojczuk M. Coordination pattern and reactivity of two model peptides from porin protein P1. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 215:111332. [PMID: 33340803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that numerous of Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane proteins take part in cancerogenesis. Therefore, it is very interesting to study their interactions with metal ions and the ability to produce reactive oxygen species, which may be involved in cancer progression. Since investigations of metal binding to proteins are often based on fragments that contain the metal-binding domains, designing model peptides should be very mindful. As was shown in this paper, very similar protein fragments may behave differentially. Herein, combined potentiometric, spectroscopic, and computational studies were performed to determine metal ion binding by ligands constituting fragments of porin protein P1. Two studied tetrapeptides (Ac-KEHK-NH2 and Ac-EHKA-NH2) that have common EHK motif have different coordination properties and reactivity. Therefore, we should be cautious when transferring the behavior of small peptide fragments to whole protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Valentyn Dzyhovskyi
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Stefaniak E, Pushie MJ, Vaerewyck C, Corcelli D, Griggs C, Lewis W, Kelley E, Maloney N, Sendzik M, Bal W, Haas KL. Exploration of the Potential Role for Aβ in Delivery of Extracellular Copper to Ctr1. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16952-16966. [PMID: 33211469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are notorious for their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), by virtue of their propensity to aggregate to form oligomers, fibrils, and eventually plaques in the brain. Nevertheless, they appear to be essential for correct neurophysiology on the synaptic level and may have additional functions including antimicrobial activity, sealing the blood-brain barrier, promotion of recovery from brain injury, and even tumor suppression. Aβ peptides are also avid copper chelators, and coincidentally copper is significantly dysregulated in the AD brain. Copper (Cu) is released in significant amounts during calcium signaling at the synaptic membrane. Aβ peptides may have a role in maintaining synaptic Cu homeostasis, including as a scavenger for redox-active Cu and as a chaperone for clearing Cu from the synaptic cleft. Here, we employed the Aβ1-16 and Aβ4-16 peptides as well-established non-aggregating models of major Aβ species in healthy and AD brains, and the Ctr1-14 peptide as a model for the extracellular domain of the human cellular copper transporter protein (Ctr1). With these model peptides and a number of spectroscopic techniques, we investigated whether the Cu complexes of Aβ peptides could provide Ctr1 with either Cu(II) or Cu(I). We found that Aβ1-16 fully and rapidly delivered Cu(II) to Ctr1-14 along the affinity gradient. Such delivery was only partial for the Aβ4-16/Ctr1-14 pair, in agreement with the higher complex stability for the former peptide. Moreover, the reaction was very slow and took ca. 40 h to reach equilibrium under the given experimental conditions. In either case of Cu(II) exchange, no intermediate (ternary) species were present in detectable amounts. In contrast, both Aβ species released Cu(I) to Ctr1-14 rapidly and in a quantitative fashion, but ternary intermediate species were detected in the analysis of XAS data. The results presented here are the first direct evidence of a Cu(I) and Cu(II) transfer between the human Ctr1 and Aβ model peptides. These results are discussed in terms of the fundamental difference between the peptides' Cu(II) complexes (pleiotropic ensemble of open structures of Aβ1-16 vs the rigid closed-ring system of amino-terminal Cu/Ni binding Aβ4-16) and the similarity of their Cu(I) complexes (both anchored at the tandem His13/His14, bis-His motif). These results indicate that Cu(I) may be more feasible than Cu(II) as the cargo for copper clearance from the synaptic cleft by Aβ peptides and its delivery to Ctr1. The arguments in favor of Cu(I) include the fact that cellular Cu export and uptake proteins (ATPase7A/B and Ctr1, respectively) specifically transport Cu(I), the abundance of extracellular ascorbate reducing agent in the brain, and evidence of a potential associative (hand-off) mechanism of Cu(I) transfer that may mirror the mechanisms of intracellular Cu chaperone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Catherine Vaerewyck
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Chloe Griggs
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Whitney Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Emma Kelley
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Noreen Maloney
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Madison Sendzik
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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16
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Bartnicka JJ, Al-Salemee F, Firth G, Blower PJ. L-Cysteine-mediated modulation of copper trafficking in prostate cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo investigation with 64Cu and 64Cu-PET. Metallomics 2020; 12:1508-1520. [PMID: 32959856 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper imbalance is implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Copper in blood is mainly transported by carrier proteins but a small fraction is bound to low molecular weight species, possibly amino acids. Their roles in cellular copper delivery are unknown. Our aim was to test whether accumulation of 64Cu into cancer-derived cells can be influenced by copper-binding serum amino acids. In vitro cellular accumulation of 64Cu was measured in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution in the presence of 100 μM l-histidine, l-methionine, l-cysteine and l-threonine. l-Cysteine markedly increased 64Cu accumulation and retention in DU145, PC3 and SK-OV-3 cells, while some other cell lines did not show an effect. This effect was not due to 64Cu delivery in the form of a 64Cu-cysteine complex, nor to reduction of 64Cu(ii) to 64Cu(i) by l-cysteine. Pre-incubation of cells with l-cysteine increased 64Cu accumulation, even if l-cysteine was removed from HBSS before 64Cu was added. The effect of l-cysteine on 64Cu accumulation was not mediated by increased glutathione synthesis. Despite the demonstrable in vitro effect, pre-injection of l-cysteine precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in vivo did not enhance 64Cu delivery to DU145 xenografts in mice. Instead, it decreased 64Cu accumulation in the DU145 tumour and in brain, as assessed by PET imaging. We conclude that 64Cu is not delivered to DU145 cancer cells in vitro as a complex with amino acids but its cellular accumulation is enhanced by l-cysteine or NAC influx to cells. The latter effect was not demonstrable in vivo in the DU145 xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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17
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Galler T, Lebrun V, Raibaut L, Faller P, Wezynfeld NE. How trimerization of CTR1 N-terminal model peptides tunes Cu-binding and redox-chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12194-12197. [PMID: 32914794 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Employing peptide-based models of copper transporter 1 (CTR1), we show that the trimeric arrangement of its N-terminus tunes its reactivity with Cu, promoting Cu(ii) reduction and stabilizing Cu(i). Hence, the employed multimeric models of CTR1 provide an important contribution to studies on early steps of Cu uptake by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Galler
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Universitéde Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Vincent Lebrun
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Universitéde Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Laurent Raibaut
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Universitéde Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Universitéde Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Nina E Wezynfeld
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Universitéde Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France. and Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
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18
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Mandal T, Kar S, Maji S, Sen S, Gupta A. Structural and Functional Diversity Among the Members of CTR, the Membrane Copper Transporter Family. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:459-468. [PMID: 32975619 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper is crucial for carrying out normal physiological functions in all higher life forms. Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1) is the high-affinity copper importer found in all eukaryotic organisms. The copper transporter family primarily comprises ~ six members (CTR1-6) and the related members share high sequence homology with CTR. However, with the exception of CTR1, not all six CTRs are present in every organism. Despite having a simple trimeric channel structure, CTR1 and other members exhibit some unique regulatory properties. In the present review, we attempt to understand the diversity and similarity of regulation and functioning of the members of this copper transporter family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sumanta Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Samarpita Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
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19
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Pushie MJ, Stefaniak E, Sendzik MR, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Haas KL. Using N-Terminal Coordination of Cu(II) and Ni(II) to Isolate the Coordination Environment of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Bound to His13 and His14 in Amyloid-β(4-16). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15138-15154. [PMID: 31657204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein and has been implicated as a central player in Alzheimer's disease. The N-terminal end of Aβ is variable, and different proportions of these variable-length Aβ peptides are present in healthy individuals and those with the disease. The N-terminally truncated form of Aβ starting at position 4 (Aβ4-x) has a His residue as the third amino acid (His6 using the formal Aβ numbering). The N-terminal sequence Xaa-Xaa-His is known as an amino terminal copper and nickel binding motif (ATCUN), which avidly binds Cu(II). This motif is not present in the commonly studied Aβ1-x peptides. In addition to the ATCUN site, Aβ4-x contains an additional metal binding site located at the tandem His residues (bis-His at His13 and 14) which is also found in other isoforms of Aβ. Using the ATCUN and bis-His motifs, the Aβ4-x peptide is capable of binding multiple metal ions simultaneously. We confirm that Cu(II) bound to this particular ATCUN site is redox silent, but the second Cu(II) site is redox active and can be readily reduced with ascorbate. We have employed surrogate metal ions to block copper coordination at the ATCUN or the tandem His site in order to isolate spectral features of the copper coordination environment for structural characterization using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. This approach reveals that each copper coordination environment is independent in the Cu2Aβ4-x state. The identification of two functionally different copper binding environments within the Aβ4-x sequence may have important implications for this peptide in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 , Canada
| | - Ewelina Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Pawińskiego 5a , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Madison R Sendzik
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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20
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Abstract
Copper is a redox-active transition metal ion required for the function of many essential human proteins. For biosynthesis of proteins coordinating copper, the metal may bind before, during or after folding of the polypeptide. If the metal binds to unfolded or partially folded structures of the protein, such coordination may modulate the folding reaction. The molecular understanding of how copper is incorporated into proteins requires descriptions of chemical, thermodynamic, kinetic and structural parameters involved in the formation of protein-metal complexes. Because free copper ions are toxic, living systems have elaborate copper-transport systems that include particular proteins that facilitate efficient and specific delivery of copper ions to target proteins. Therefore, these pathways become an integral part of copper protein folding in vivo. This review summarizes biophysical-molecular in vitro work assessing the role of copper in folding and stability of copper-binding proteins as well as protein-protein copper exchange reactions between human copper transport proteins. We also describe some recent findings about the participation of copper ions and copper proteins in protein misfolding and aggregation reactions in vitro.
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21
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Ren F, Logeman BL, Zhang X, Liu Y, Thiele DJ, Yuan P. X-ray structures of the high-affinity copper transporter Ctr1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1386. [PMID: 30918258 PMCID: PMC6437178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for growth and development and abnormal Cu levels are associated with anemia, metabolic disease and cancer. Evolutionarily conserved from fungi to humans, the high-affinity Cu+ transporter Ctr1 is crucial for both dietary Cu uptake and peripheral distribution, yet the mechanisms for selective permeation of potentially toxic Cu+ ions across cell membranes are unknown. Here we present X-ray crystal structures of Ctr1 from Salmo salar in both Cu+-free and Cu+-bound states, revealing a homo-trimeric Cu+-selective ion channel-like architecture. Two layers of methionine triads form a selectivity filter, coordinating two bound Cu+ ions close to the extracellular entrance. These structures, together with Ctr1 functional characterization, provide a high resolution picture to understand Cu+ import across cellular membranes and suggest therapeutic opportunities for intervention in diseases characterized by inappropriate Cu accumulation. Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for growth and development and the Cu+ transporter Ctr1 is crucial for both dietary Cu uptake and peripheral distribution. Here authors solve Cu+ -free and Cu+ -bound Ctr1 structures which adopt a homo-trimeric Cu+ -selective ion channel-like architecture
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brandon L Logeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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22
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The Cu(II) affinity of the N-terminus of human copper transporter CTR1: Comparison of human and mouse sequences. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 182:230-237. [PMID: 29402466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1) is a homotrimeric membrane protein providing the main route of copper transport into eukaryotic cells from the extracellular milieu. Its N-terminal extracellular domain, rich in His and Met residues, is considered responsible for directing copper into the transmembrane channel. Most of vertebrate CTR1 proteins contain the His residue in position three from N-terminus, creating a well-known Amino Terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-Binding (ATCUN) site. CTR1 from humans, primates and many other species contains the Met-Asp-His (MDH) sequence, while some rodents including mouse have the Met-Asn-His (MNH) N-terminal sequence. CTR1 is thought to collect Cu(II) ions from blood copper transport proteins, including albumin, but previous reports indicated that the affinity of N-terminal peptide/domain of CTR1 is significantly lower than that of albumin, casting serious doubt on this aspect of CTR1 function. Using potentiometry and spectroscopic techniques we demonstrated that MDH-amide, a tripeptide model of human CTR1 N-terminus, binds Cu(II) with K of 1.3 × 1013 M-1 at pH 7.4, ~13 times stronger than Human Serum Albumin (HSA), and MNH-amide is even stronger, K of 3.2 × 1014 M-1 at pH 7.4. These results indicate that the N-terminus of CTR1 may serve as intermediate binding site during Cu(II) transfer from blood copper carriers to the transporter. MDH-amide, but not MNH-amide also forms a low abundance complex with non-ATCUN coordination involving the Met amine, His imidazole and Asp carboxylate. This species might assist Cu(II) relay down the peptide chain or its reduction to Cu(I), both steps necessary for the CTR1 function.
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23
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Yang Y, Zhu Y, Hu H, Cheng L, Liu M, Ma G, Yuan S, Cui P, Liu Y. Cuprous binding promotes interaction of copper transport protein hCTR1 with cell membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11107-11110. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu(i) binding promotes the interaction of hCTR1 with cell membranes, which could initiate the cellular uptake of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Yang Zhu
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Hongze Hu
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Lanjun Cheng
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Manman Liu
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology
- College of Medicine
- Texas A&M University
- Houston
- USA
| | - Siming Yuan
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
| | - Peixin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing 210008
- China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei Anhui
- China
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24
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Li X, Hao S, Han A, Yang Y, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Intracellular Fenton reaction based on mitochondria-targeted copper(ii)–peptide complex for induced apoptosis. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Fenton reaction-based mitochondria-targeted copper(ii)–peptide complex and Asc is developed for cancer cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Sijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Ailing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Yayu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health
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25
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Carlotto S, Bonna A, Bossak-Ahmad K, Bal W, Porchia M, Casarin M, Tisato F. Coordinative unsaturated CuI entities are crucial intermediates governing cell internalization of copper. A combined experimental ESI-MS and DFT study. Metallomics 2019; 11:1800-1804. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Model peptides relevant to hCtr1 transchelate CuI from the anti-tumour [CuI(PTA)4]+ complex before metal internalization into tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Tennis Court Road
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Karolina Bossak-Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a
- 02-106 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a
- 02-106 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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26
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Balogh BD, Bihari Z, Buglyó P, Csire G, Kerekes Z, Lukács M, Sóvágó I, Várnagy K. Metal binding selectivity of an N-terminally free multihistidine peptide HAVAHHH-NH2. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For NH2-HAVAHHH-NH2 peptide the coordination to internal histidines is preferred for copper(ii), while it is the opposite for nickel(ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Diána Balogh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bihari
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Gizella Csire
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kerekes
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Márton Lukács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Imre Sóvágó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Katalin Várnagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
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27
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Shenberger Y, Marciano O, Gottlieb HE, Ruthstein S. Insights into the N-terminal Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding sites of the human copper transporter CTR1. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1492717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shenberger
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Marciano
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hugo E. Gottlieb
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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29
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Streltsov VA, Ekanayake RSK, Drew SC, Chantler CT, Best SP. Structural Insight into Redox Dynamics of Copper Bound N-Truncated Amyloid-β Peptides from in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11422-11435. [PMID: 30169035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of CuII amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) under in situ electrochemical control (XAS-EC) has allowed elucidation of the redox properties of CuII bound to truncated peptide forms. The Cu binding environment is significantly different for the Aβ1-16 and the N-truncated Aβ4-9, Aβ4-12, and Aβ4-16 (Aβ4-9/12/16) peptides, where the N-truncated sequence (F4R5H6) provides the high-affinity amino-terminal copper nickel (ATCUN) binding motif. Low temperature (ca. 10 K) XAS measurements show the adoption of identical CuII ATCUN-type binding sites (CuIIATCUN) by the first three amino acids (FRH) and a longer-range interaction modeled as an oxygen donor ligand, most likely water, to give a tetragonal pyramid geometry in the Aβ4-9/12/16 peptides not previously reported. Both XAS-EC and EPR measurements show that CuII:Aβ4-16 can be reduced at mildly reducing potentials, similar to that of CuII:Aβ1-16. Reduction of peptides lacking the H13H14 residues, CuII:Aβ4-9/12, require far more forcing conditions, with metallic copper the only metal-based reduction product. The observations suggest that reduction of CuIIATCUN species at mild potentials is possible, although the rate of reduction is significantly enhanced by involvement of H13H14. XAS-EC analysis reveals that, following reduction, the peptide acts as a terdentate ligand to CuI (H13, H14 together with the linking amide oxygen atom). Modeling of the EXAFS is most consistent with coordination of an additional water oxygen atom to give a quasi-tetrahedral geometry. XAS-EC analysis of oxidized CuII:Aβ4-12/16 gives structural parameters consistent with crystallographic data for a five-coordinate CuIII complex and the CuIIATCUN complex. The structural results suggest that CuII and the oxidation product are both accommodated in an ATCUN-like binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Streltsov
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,School of Physics , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Simon C Drew
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital) , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Stephen P Best
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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30
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Mesterházy E, Boff B, Lebrun C, Delangle P, Jancsó A. Oligopeptide models of the metal binding loop of the bacterial copper efflux regulator protein CueR as potential Cu(I) chelators. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Sendzik M, Pushie MJ, Stefaniak E, Haas KL. Structure and Affinity of Cu(I) Bound to Human Serum Albumin. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15057-15065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Sendzik
- Department of Chemistry
and Physics, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - M. Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ewelina Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry
and Physics, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego
5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kathryn L. Haas
- Department of Chemistry
and Physics, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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32
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Conklin SE, Bridgman EC, Su Q, Riggs-Gelasco P, Haas KL, Franz KJ. Specific Histidine Residues Confer Histatin Peptides with Copper-Dependent Activity against Candida albicans. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4244-4255. [PMID: 28763199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The histidine-rich salivary peptides of the histatin family are known to bind copper (Cu) and other metal ions in vitro; however, the details of these interactions are poorly understood, and their implications for in vivo antifungal activity have not been established. Here, we show that the availability of Cu during exposure of Candida albicans to histatin-5 (Hist-5) modulates its antifungal activity. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that co-treatment of Hist-5 with Cu improved the EC50 from ∼5 to ∼1 μM, whereas co-treatment with a high-affinity Cu-specific chelator abrogated antifungal activity. Spectrophotometric titrations revealed two previously unrecognized Cu(I)-binding sites with apparent Kd values at pH 7.4, ∼20 nM, and confirmed a high-affinity Cu(II)-binding site at the Hist-5 N-terminus with an apparent Kd of ∼8 pM. Evaluation of a series of His-to-Ala full-length and truncated Hist-5 peptides identified adjacent His residues (bis-His) as critical anchors for Cu(I) binding, with the presence of a third ligand revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. On their own, the truncated peptides were ineffective at inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, but treatment with supplemental Cu resulted in EC50 values down to ∼5 μM, approaching that of full-length Hist-5. The efficacy of the peptides depended on an intact bis-His site and correlated with Cu(I) affinity. Together, these results establish new structure-function relationships linking specific histidine residues with Cu binding affinity and antifungal activity and provide further evidence of the involvement of metals in modulating the biological activity of these antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Conklin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Emma C Bridgman
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Pamela Riggs-Gelasco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston , Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Saint Mary's College , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Maiti BK, Almeida RM, Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJG. Insights into the Molybdenum/Copper Heterometallic Cluster Assembly in the Orange Protein: Probing Intermolecular Interactions with an Artificial Metal-Binding ATCUN Tag. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8900-8911. [PMID: 28742344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orange protein (ORP) is a small bacterial protein, of unknown function, that contains a unique molybdenum/copper heterometallic cluster, [S2MoVIS2CuIS2MoVIS2]3- (Mo/Cu), non-covalently bound. The native cluster can be reconstituted in a protein-assisted mode by the addition of CuII plus tetrathiomolybdate to apo-ORP under controlled conditions. In the work described herein, we artificially inserted the ATCUN ("amino terminus Cu and Ni") motif in the Desulfovibrio gigas ORP (Ala1Ser2His3 followed by the native amino acid residues; modified protein abbreviated as ORP*) to increase our understanding of the Mo/Cu cluster assembly in ORP. The apo-ORP* binds CuII in a 1:1 ratio to yield CuII-ORP*, as clearly demonstrated by EPR (g||,⊥ = 2.183, 2.042 and ACu||,⊥ = 207 × 10-4 cm-1, 19 × 10-4 cm-1) and UV-visible spectroscopies (typical d-d transition bands at 520 nm, ε = 90 M-1 cm-1). The 1H NMR spectrum shows that His3 and His53 are significantly affected upon the addition of the CuII. The X-ray structure shows that these two residues are very far apart (Cα-Cα ≈ 27.9 Å), leading us to suggest that the metal-induced NMR perturbations are due to the interaction of two protein molecules with a single metal ion. Docking analysis supports the metal-mediated dimer formation. The subsequent tetrathiomolybdate binding, to yield the native Mo/Cu cluster, occurs only upon addition of dithiothreitol, as shown by UV-visible and NMR spectroscopies. Additionally, 1H NMR of AgI-ORP* (AgI used as a surrogate of CuI) showed that AgI strongly binds to a native methionine sulfur atom rather than to the ATCUN site, suggesting that CuII and CuI have two different binding sites in ORP*. A detailed mechanism for the formation of the Mo/Cu cluster is discussed, suggesting that CuII is reduced to CuI and transferred from the ATCUN motif to the methionine site; finally, CuI is transferred to the cluster-binding region, upon the interaction of two protein molecules. This result may suggest that copper trafficking is triggered by redox-dependent coordination properties of copper in a trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui M Almeida
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Logeman BL, Wood LK, Lee J, Thiele DJ. Gene duplication and neo-functionalization in the evolutionary and functional divergence of the metazoan copper transporters Ctr1 and Ctr2. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11531-11546. [PMID: 28507097 PMCID: PMC5500815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential element for proper organismal development and is involved in a range of processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, neuropeptide biogenesis, and connective tissue maturation. The copper transporter (Ctr) family of integral membrane proteins is ubiquitously found in eukaryotes and mediates the high-affinity transport of Cu+ across both the plasma membrane and endomembranes. Although mammalian Ctr1 functions as a Cu+ transporter for Cu acquisition and is essential for embryonic development, a homologous protein, Ctr2, has been proposed to function as a low-affinity Cu transporter, a lysosomal Cu exporter, or a regulator of Ctr1 activity, but its functional and evolutionary relationship to Ctr1 is unclear. Here we report a biochemical, genetic, and phylogenetic comparison of metazoan Ctr1 and Ctr2, suggesting that Ctr2 arose over 550 million years ago as a result of a gene duplication event followed by loss of Cu+ transport activity. Using a random mutagenesis and growth selection approach, we identified amino acid substitutions in human and mouse Ctr2 proteins that support copper-dependent growth in yeast and enhance copper accumulation in Ctr1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These mutations revert Ctr2 to a more ancestral Ctr1-like state while maintaining endogenous functions, such as stimulating Ctr1 cleavage. We suggest key structural aspects of metazoan Ctr1 and Ctr2 that discriminate between their biological roles, providing mechanistic insights into the evolutionary, biochemical, and functional relationships between these two related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Kent Wood
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and
- Biochemistry, and
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35
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Liu Y, Ding D, Zhen Y, Guo R. Amino acid-mediated ‘turn-off/turn-on’ nanozyme activity of gold nanoclusters for sensitive and selective detection of copper ions and histidine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Okada M, Miura T, Nakabayashi T. Comparison of extracellular Cys/Trp motif between Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ctr4 and Ctr5. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 169:97-105. [PMID: 28167404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The reduction and binding of copper ions to the Cys/Trp motif, which is characterized by two cysteines and two tryptophans, in the extracellular N-terminal domain of the copper transporter (Ctr) protein of fungi are investigated using the model peptides of Ctr4 and Ctr5 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The Cys/Trp motif of Ctr5 can reduce Cu(II) and ligate Cu(I), which is the same as that of Ctr4 previously reported. Titration of Cu(II) and Cu(I) ions indicates that both the Cys/Trp motifs of Ctr4 and Ctr5 reduce two Cu(II) and bind two Cu(I) per one peptide. However, the coordination structure of the Cu(I)-peptide complex differs between Ctr4 and Ctr5. Cu(I) is bound to the Cys/Trp motif of Ctr5 via cysteine thiolate-Cu(I) bonds and cation-π interaction with tryptophan, as reported for Ctr4, and a histidine residue in the Cys/Trp motif of Ctr5 is suggested to interact with Cu(I) via its Nτ atom. Ctr4 and Ctr5 exhibit a heterotrimeric form within cell membranes and the copper transport mechanism of the Ctr4/Ctr5 heterotrimer is discussed along with quantitative evaluation of the Cu(I)-binding constant of the Cys/Trp motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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37
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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38
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Levy AR, Nissim M, Mendelman N, Chill J, Ruthstein S. Ctr1 Intracellular Loop Is Involved in the Copper Transfer Mechanism to the Atox1 Metallochaperone. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12334-12345. [PMID: 27934216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the human copper cycle is essential to understand the role of metals in promoting neurological diseases and disorders. One of the cycles controlling the cellular concentration and distribution of copper involves the copper transporter, Ctr1; the metallochaperone, Atox1; and the ATP7B transporter. It has been shown that the C-terminus of Ctr1, specifically the last three amino acids, HCH, is involved in both copper coordination and the transfer mechanism to Atox1. In contrast, the role of the intracellular loop of Ctr1, which is an additional intracellular segment of Ctr1, in facilitating the copper transfer mechanism has not been investigated yet. Here, we combine various biophysical methods to explore the interaction between this Ctr1 segment and metallochaperone Atox1 and clearly demonstrate that the Ctr1 intracellular loop (1) can coordinate Cu(I) via interactions with the side chains of one histidine and two methionine residues and (2) closely interacts with the Atox1 metallochaperone. Our findings are another important step in elucidating the mechanistic details of the eukaryotic copper cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Levy
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matan Nissim
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Netanel Mendelman
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jordan Chill
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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39
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is indispensible for growth and development of human organisms. It is required for such fundamental and ubiquitous processes as respiration and protection against reactive oxygen species. Cu also enables catalytic activity of enzymes that critically contribute to the functional identity of many cells and tissues. Pigmentation, production of norepinephrine by the adrenal gland, the key steps in the formation of connective tissue, neuroendocrine signaling, wound healing - all these processes require Cu and depend on Cu entering the secretory pathway. To reach the Cu-dependent enzymes in a lumen of the trans-Golgi network and various vesicular compartments, Cu undertakes a complex journey crossing the extracellular and intracellular membranes and staying firmly on course while traveling in a cytosol. The proteins that assist Cu in this journey by mediating its entry, distribution, and export, have been identified. The accumulating data also indicate that the current model of cellular Cu homeostasis is still a "skeleton" that has to be fleshed out with many new details. This review summarizes recent data on the mechanisms responsible for Cu transfer to the secretory pathway. The emerging new concepts and gaps in our knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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40
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Schwab S, Shearer J, Conklin SE, Alies B, Haas KL. Sequence proximity between Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding sites of human copper transporter 1 model peptides defines reactivity with ascorbate and O2. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 158:70-76. [PMID: 26778425 PMCID: PMC4887339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The critical nature of the copper transporter 1 (Ctr1) in human health has spurred investigation of Ctr1 structure and function. Ctr1 specifically transports Cu(I), the reduced form of copper, across the plasma membrane. Thus, extracellular Cu(II) must be reduced prior to transport. Unlike yeast Ctr1, mammalian Ctr1 does not rely on any known mammalian reductase. Previous spectroscopic studies of model peptides indicate that human Ctr1 could serve as both copper reductase and transporter. Ctr1 peptides bind Cu(II) at an amino terminal high-affinity Cu(II), Ni(II) ATCUN site. Ascorbate-dependent reduction of the Cu(II)-ATCUN complex is possible by virtue of an adjacent HH (bis-His), as this bis-His motif and one methionine ligand constitute a high affinity Ctr1 Cu(I) binding site. Here, we synthetically varied the distance between the ATCUN and bis-His motifs in a series of peptides based on the human Ctr1 amino terminal, with the general sequence MDHAnHHMGMSYMDS, where n=0-4. We tested the ability of each peptide to reduce Cu(II) with ascorbate and stabilize Cu(I) under ambient conditions (20% O2). This study reveals that significant differences in coordination structure and chemical behavior with ascorbate and O2 result from changes in the sequence proximity of ATCUN and bis-His. Peptides that deviate from the native Ctr1 pattern were less effective at forming stable Cu(I)-peptide complexes and/or resulted in O2-dependent oxidative damage to the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - Bruno Alies
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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