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Rymbai LD, Klausmeyer KK, Farmer PJ. The case for an oxidopyrylium intermediate in the mechanism of quercetin dioxygenases. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112343. [PMID: 37549474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The quercetin dioxygenases (QDOs) are unusual metalloenzymes in that they display ring-opening dioxygenase activity with several different first-row transition metal ions which do not undergo redox changes during turnover. The QDOs are also unique in that the substrate binds as an η1-flavonolate rather than the η2 -bidentate mode seen in all reported model complexes. The flavonol substrates were early examples of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomena, in which photoexcitation causes an H-atom exchange between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone, generating an oxidopyrylium emissive state. These oxidopyryliums undergo ring-opening dioxygenations analogous to the enzymatic reactions. Our hypothesis is that lability of the divalent metal ion may allow access to a reactive oxidopyrylium intermediate via coordination switching from the oxy to ketone position, which allows reaction with O2. In this report, we use a straight-forward methylation strategy to generate a panel of flavonol and thioflavonol derivatives modeling several η1- and η2-coordination modes. Methylation of 3-hydroxythioflavone generates an air stable η1 hydroxopyrylium salt, which undergoes rapid ring-opening dioxygenation by deprotonation or photoexcitation. By comparison, the η1-methoxyflavonol does not react with O2 under any condition. We find that any of the studied flavonol derivatives, η1 or η2, which demonstrates ESIPT-like oxidopyrylium emissions undergo QDO-like ring-opening reactions with dioxygen. The implications of these results concerning the mechanism of QDOs and related dioxygenases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasien D Rymbai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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2
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Zhao X, Li X, Liang S, Dong X, Zhang Z. 3-Hydroxyflavone derivatives: promising scaffolds for fluorescent imaging in cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28851-28862. [PMID: 35478549 PMCID: PMC9038104 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical class of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules, 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives (3HF, also known as flavonols) have received much attention recently. Thereinto, the role of hydrophobic microenvironment is significant importance in promoting the process and effects of ESIPT, which can be regulated by the solvents, the existence of metal ions and proteins rich with α-helix structures or the advanced DNA structures. Considering that plenty of biological macromolecules offer cellular hydrophobic microenvironment, enhancing the ESIPT effects and resulting in dual emission, 3HF could be a promising scaffold for the development of fluorescent imaging in cells. Furthermore, as the widespread occurance of compounds with biological activity in plants, 3HF derivatives are much more secure to be cellular diagnosis and treatment integrated fluorescent probes. In this review, multiple regulatory strategies for the fluorescence emission of 3HF derivatives have been collectively and comprehensively analyzed, including the solvent effects, metal chelation, interaction with proteins or DNAs, which would be beneficial for ESIPT-promoting or ESIPT-blocking processes and then enhance or control the fluorescence emission of 3HF effectively. We expect that this review would provide a new perspective to develop novel 3HF-based fluorescent sensors for imaging in cells and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Zhao
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan Hubei 430073 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China .,School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan Hubei 430079 P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Dong
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan Hubei 430073 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
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3
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Małecka M, Skoczyńska A, Goodman DM, Hartinger CG, Budzisz E. Biological properties of ruthenium(II)/(III) complexes with flavonoids as ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Han X, Sahihi M, Whitfield S, Jimenez I. Tuning excited state of bipyridyl platinum(II) complexes with bio-active flavonolate ligand: Structures, photoreactivity, and DFT calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Popova M, Soboleva T, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. CO Sense and Release Flavonols: Progress toward the Development of an Analyte Replacement PhotoCORM for Use in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10021-10033. [PMID: 32391490 PMCID: PMC7203955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a signaling molecule in humans. Prior research suggests that therapeutic levels of CO can have beneficial effects in treating a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. To facilitate understanding of the role of CO in biology, molecules that enable fluorescence detection of CO in living systems have emerged as an important class of chemical tools. A key unmet challenge in this field is the development of fluorescent analyte replacement probes that replenish the CO that is consumed during detection. Herein, we report the first examples of CO sense and release molecules that involve combining a common CO-sensing motif with a light-triggered CO-releasing flavonol scaffold. A notable advantage of the flavonol-based CO sense and release motif is that it is trackable via fluorescence in both its pre- and postsensing (pre-CO release) forms. In vitro studies revealed that the PdCl2 and Ru(II)-containing CORM-2 used in the CO sensing step can result in metal coordination to the flavonol, which minimizes the subsequent CO release reactivity. However, CO detection followed by CO release is demonstrated in living cells, indicating that a cellular environment mitigates the flavonol/metal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Popova
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Tatiana Soboleva
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department
of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State
University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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An SY, Su YY, Qi X, Zhang RL, Ma YL, Zhao JS. Photoinduced reactivity and cytotoxicity of a series of zinc(II)–flavonolate derivative complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Yu H, Song R, Kong Y, Cao T, Chen Y. Synthesis, crystal structure and spectral properties of a copper(II) complex with flavonoxylacetate ligand. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1755035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Synthesis, characterization and CO-releasing property of palladium(II) bipyridine flavonolate complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Soboleva T, Berreau LM. 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-Hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines as Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:E1252. [PMID: 30935018 PMCID: PMC6479552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) that enable the delivery of controlled amounts of CO are of strong current interest for applications in biological systems. In this review, we examine the various conditions under which CO is released from 3-hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines to advance the understanding of how these molecules, or derivatives thereof, may be developed as CORMs. Enzymatic pathways from quercetin dioxygenases and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline dioxygenases leading to CO release are examined, along with model systems for these enzymes. Base-catalyzed and non-redox-metal promoted CO release, as well as UV and visible light-driven CO release from 3-hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines, are summarized. The visible light-induced CO release reactivity of recently developed extended 3-hydroxyflavones and a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone, and their uses as intracellular CORMs, are discussed. Overall, this review provides insight into the chemical factors that affect the thermal and photochemical dioxygenase-type CO release reactions of these heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soboleva
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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