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Dreyer S, Marcu D, Keyser S, Bennett M, Maree L, Koeppel K, Abernethy D, Petrik L. Factors in the decline of the African penguin: Are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) a potential new age stressor? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116688. [PMID: 39029148 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The African penguin is currently experiencing a significant decline, with just over 10,000 breeding pairs left. A substantial body of research reflects the impacts of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) on the marine environment, with wastewater treatment plants reported as one of the main sources of CEC release. In South Africa, CECs were identified contaminating the marine environment and bioaccumulating in several marine species. Approximately 70 % of all African penguin colonies breed in close proximity to cities and/or harbors in South Africa. Currently, the impact of CECs as a stressor upon the viability of African penguin populations is unknown. Based on the search results there was a clear lack of information on CECs' bioaccumulation and impact on the African penguin. This narrative review will thus focus on the prevalent sources and types of CECs and examine the reported consequences of constant exposure in seabirds, particularly African penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dreyer
- Animal Production Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Daniel Marcu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shannen Keyser
- Comparative Spermatology Laboratory, Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Monique Bennett
- Comparative Spermatology Laboratory, Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Liana Maree
- Comparative Spermatology Laboratory, Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Katja Koeppel
- Animal Production Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Darrell Abernethy
- Aberystwyth School of Veterinary Science, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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2
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Wu Q, Munschy C, Bodin N, Vetter W. Persistent and Bioaccumulative Halogenated Natural Products in Various Tropical Reef Fish Species from the Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15643-15652. [PMID: 38967173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS) was used to quantify and compare halogenated natural products (HNPs) and selected anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in individual samples of 17 fish species from the Seychelles (Western Indian Ocean). The sum-HNP amounts (9.5-1100 ng/g lipid mass (lm)) were between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the sum of seven abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (0.2-15 ng/g lm) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-related compounds (DDTs) (<1.1-43 ng/g lm). Within the group of HNPs, the two tetrabrominated phenoxyanisoles (aka methoxylated diphenyl ethers, MeO-BDEs), 2'-MeO-BDE 68 ≫ 6-MeO-BDE 47, were predominant in most cases. Pearson correlation analysis showed that MeO-BDE levels were positively correlated with less abundant HNPs (2,2'-diMeO-BB 80, 2',6-diMeO-BDE 68, and Br6-DBP) (p < 0.01). Accordingly, HNPs, rather than PCBs and DDTs, were the predominant polyhalogenated contaminants in the current species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- State Key Lab of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, BP 21105 Cedex 3, Nantes 44311, France
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, P.O. Box 449, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- IRD (French Research Institute for Sustainable Development), Fishing Port, P.O. Box 449, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- SOS (Sustainable Ocean Seychelles), BeauBelle, P.O. Box 999, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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3
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Schweizer S, Halder K, Schäfer A, Hauns J, Marsili L, Mazzariol S, Fossi MC, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Vetter W. High Amounts of Halogenated Natural Products in Sperm Whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) from Two Italian Regions in the Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 2:233-242. [PMID: 38660428 PMCID: PMC11036390 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are considered to be emerging contaminants whose environmental distribution and fate are only incompletely known. Therefore, several persistent and bioaccumulative HNP groups, together with man-made polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were quantified in the blubber of nine sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Italy. The naturally occurring polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs; sum of TetraBHD and TriBHD) were the most prominent substance class with up to 77,000 ng/g blubber. The mean PBHD content (35,800 ng/g blubber) even exceeded the one of PCBs (28,400 ng/g blubber), although the region is known to be highly contaminated with man-made contaminants. Based on mean values, Q1 ∼ PBDEs > MeO-BDEs ∼ 2,2'-diMeO-BB 80 and several other HNPs followed with decreasing amounts. All blubber samples contained an abundant compound whose molecular formula (C16H19Br3O2) was verified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The only plausible matching isomer was (2S,4'S,9R,9'S)-2,7-dibromo-4'-bromomethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,4',9,9'-9,9'-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-9-ol (OH-TriBHD), a hydroxylated secondary metabolite previously detected together with TriBHD and TetraBHD in a sponge known to be a natural producer of PBHDs. The estimated mean amount of the presumed OH-TriBHD was 3000 ng/g blubber, which is unexpectedly high for hydroxylated compounds in the lipids of marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Schweizer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kristin Halder
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annika Schäfer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Hauns
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Halogenated POPs in Feed and Food, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Plön S, Roussouw N, Uren R, Naidoo K, Siebert U, Cliff G, Bouwman H. Elements in muscle tissue of three dolphin species from the east coast of South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114707. [PMID: 36860028 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated elemental concentrations in muscle tissue of three species of dolphins incidentally bycaught off the KwaZulu-Natal coastline, South Africa. Thirty-six major, minor and trace elements were analysed in Indian Ocean humpback dolphin Sousa plumbea (n = 36), Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus (n = 32) and the Common dolphin Delphinus delphis (n = 8). Significant differences in concentration between the three species were observed for 11 elements (cadmium, iron, manganese, sodium, platinum, antimony, selenium, strontium, uranium, vanadium and zinc). Mercury concentrations (maximum 29 mg/kg dry mass) were generally higher than those reported for coastal dolphin species found elsewhere. Our results reflect a combination of species differences in habitat, feeding ecology, age, and possibly species physiology and exposure to pollution levels. This study confirms the high organic pollutant concentrations documented previously for these species from the same location, and provides a well-founded case for the need to reduce pollutant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Plön
- Bayworld Centre for Research and Education (BCRE), Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Medical Virology, Institute of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - N Roussouw
- Bayworld Centre for Research and Education (BCRE), Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - R Uren
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K Naidoo
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board (KZNSB), Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa
| | - U Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Cliff
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board (KZNSB), Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - H Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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6
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Zhao W, Cui N, Huang Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Liang H, Wang R, Su X. Development of an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Animal-Derived Food. Molecules 2022; 27:7247. [PMID: 36364074 PMCID: PMC9656064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are a group of metabolites biotransformed from polychlorinated biphenyls by animals with higher toxicities than their parent compounds. The present work developed and validated an analytical method for determinating penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorine substituted OH-PCBs in animal-derived food based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution. The target analytes were extracted with a 50% n-hexane/dichloromethane (v/v), purified by sulfuric acid-silica gel, and separated by 5% hydrated silica gel, achieving a final concentration of 100 times before injection to LC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for target OH-PCBs were within the ranges of 0.003-0.010 μg/kg and 0.009-0.030 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries ranged between 76.7% and 116.5%, with relative standard deviations of less than 18.4%. The proposed method is simple, time-saving, sensitive, and accurate, making it a powerful tool for risk monitoring of OH-PCBs in animal-derived food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Liang
- CHINA FEED Magazine Agency, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Wang R, Zhao W, Cui N, Dong S, Su X, Liang H, Zhang N, Song Z, Tian F, Wang P. Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Hydroxylation Metabolization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 101 in Laying Hens: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7279-7287. [PMID: 35649149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized into hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) that exhibit greater toxicity than their parent compounds. In particular, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 101) is commonly found in chicken feeds and breeding environments, although information on the biotransformation of this PCB in chickens is lacking. In this study, the hydroxylation metabolization of PCB 101 was assessed based on in vitro trials with Sanhuang chicken liver microsomes and in vivo experiments with Hy-Line Brown hens. The para-substituted metabolite 4'-OH-PCB 101 is the predominant metabolite of PCB 101. 4'-OH-PCB 101 is preferentially retained in the chicken bloodstream and partly distributed into different tissues of laying hens. The blood-brain barrier can effectively prevent the OH-PCB from entering the brain, and the adipose tissue contains a relatively low residue concentration of the OH-PCB. The laying hen can deplete the OH-PCB via laying eggs and excrement. The ratio of 4'-OH-PCB 101/PCB 101 in egg yolk is about 1:2. These results first provide definite evidence for the previous hypothesis of the PCB 101 metabolism by chickens. They could assist in predicting the environmental fate of PCBs, and in the risk assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs in chicken-based foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Haijun Liang
- CHINA FEED Magazine Agency, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Zhichao Song
- Henan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Shimadzu China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
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Zheng J, Antrobus S, Feng W, Purdy TN, Moore BS, Pessah IN. Marine and Anthropogenic Bromopyrroles Alter Cellular Ca 2+ Dynamics of Murine Cortical Neuronal Networks by Targeting the Ryanodine Receptor and Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16023-16033. [PMID: 34788016 PMCID: PMC8813095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bromopyrroles (BrPyr) are synthesized naturally by marine sponge symbionts and produced anthropogenically as byproducts of wastewater treatment. BrPyr interact with ryanodine receptors (RYRs) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Influences of BrPyr on the neuronal network activity remain uncharted. BrPyr analogues with differing spectra of RYR/SERCA activities were tested using RYR-null or RYR1-expressing HEK293 and murine cortical neuronal/glial cocultures (NGCs) loaded with Fluo-4 to elucidate their mechanisms altering Ca2+ dynamics. The NGC electrical spike activity (ESA) was measured from NGCs plated on multielectrode arrays. Nanomolar tetrabromopyrrole (TBP, 1) potentiated caffeine-triggered Ca2+ release independent of extracellular [Ca2+] in RYR1-HEK293, whereas higher concentrations produce slow and sustained rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] independent of RYR1 expression. TBP, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole (2), pyrrole (3), 2,3,4-tribromopyrrole (4), and ethyl 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylate (5) added acutely to NGC showed differential potency; rank order TBP (IC50 ≈ 220 nM) > 2 ≫ 5, whereas 3 and 4 were inactive at 10 μM. TBP >2 μM elicited sustained elevation of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] and loss of neuronal viability. TBP did not alter network ESA. BrPyr from marine and anthropogenic sources are ecological signaling molecules and emerging anthropogenic pollutants of concern to environmental and human health that potently alter ER Ca2+ dynamics and warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shane Antrobus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Trevor N Purdy
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Wu Q, Müller M, Hammerschick T, Mitschang W, Kuhlenkamp R, Vetter W. Fast isolation of the environmentally relevant halogenated natural product MHC-1 by means of countercurrent chromatography. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131310. [PMID: 34214928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally relevant halogenated natural products (HNPs) are frequently similarly high concentrated in marine biota as major anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The lack of widely available reference standards, however, hampers the in-depth research of several HNPs. For instance, (1R,2S,4R,5R,1'E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro-5-(2'-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane (MHC-1), which is produced by species referred to the red seaweed Plocamium cartilagineum has not yet been synthesized due to its complex structure and stereochemistry. For this reason, we aimed to establish a method for fast isolation of mg-amounts of MHC-1 from its natural producer based on countercurrent chromatography (CCC). Five biphasic solvent systems were tested and finally, the solvent system acetonitrile/n-hexane/toluene (9:9:2, v/v/v) was selected for the separations due to its suitable partition coefficient of MHC-1 (KU/L = 0.52). n-Hexane extracts of dried P. cartilagineum were directly injected into the CCC system. Four subsequent CCC runs from three samples of Plocamium cartilagineum (two from Heligoland, Germany and one from Brittany, France) could be performed with high reproducibility. Together, the main fraction provided ~16 mg MHC-1 in a purity of >97% according to GC/FID, GC/ECNI-MS and NMR analysis. This amount could be used to prepare ~1600 quantitative standard solutions of MHC-1. The high MHC-1 content in the seaweed sample collected at Brittany indicated that this area was another hotspot of MHC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marco Müller
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Hammerschick
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wilfried Mitschang
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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10
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Wu Q, Eisenhardt N, Holbert SS, Pawlik JR, Kucklick JR, Vetter W. Naturally occurring organobromine compounds (OBCs) including polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112872. [PMID: 34454388 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) were identified from organic extracts of the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas using gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry and non-targeted gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry. The HNPs found have similar properties to anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Two ortho-methoxy brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) 2'-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47 were the most abundant compounds. Fourteen other MeO-BDEs were detected along with several polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) (1,3,7-triBDD, 1,3,6,8-tetraBDD and 1,3,7,9-tetraBDD) and MeO-PBDDs. Further analysis of a higher trophic level octopus (Octopus maya) from the same FAO fishing area showed that the major HNPs detected in Hyrtios proteus were also predominant. Moreover, HNPs were more than 30-fold higher in abundance than the major POPs in the octopus, i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls. Hence, Caribbean marine organisms, including those potentially used for food, harbor relatively high concentrations of HNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Natalie Eisenhardt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Stephanie Shaw Holbert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States; College of Charleston, Department of Biology, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Joseph R Pawlik
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center of Marine Science, 500 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, United States
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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Wu Q, Munschy C, Aminot Y, Bodin N, Vetter W. High levels of halogenated natural products in large pelagic fish from the Western Indian Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55252-55264. [PMID: 34128165 PMCID: PMC8494675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations, profiles and muscle-liver distribution of halogenated natural products (HNPs) and anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were investigated in five large pelagic fish species and one smaller planktivore fish species from the Western Indian Ocean. Analysis of swordfish muscle from the Seychelles revealed the predominance of HNPs, with the highest concentrations found for 2'-methoxy-2,3',4,5'- tetraBDE (2'-MeO-BDE 68 or BC-2), 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'- tetraBDE (6-MeO-BDE 47 or BC-3) and 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Q1), along with varied contributions of further HNPs. The mean concentration of ∑HNPs (330 ng/g lw) was one or two orders of magnitude higher than ∑DDTs (60 ng/g lw) and ∑PCBs (6.8 ng/g lw). HNPs (BC-2, BC-3 and Q1) were also predominant in individual samples of three tropical tuna species from the Seychelles and from other regions of the Western Indian Ocean (Mozambique Channel, off Somalia and Chagos Archipelago). Non-targeted gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC/ECNI-MS-SIM) analysis of one swordfish sample indicated low abundance of rarely reported HNPs (three hexachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Cl6-MBP) isomers and pentabromo-1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyrroles (Br5-DBP)) but no further abundant unscreened polyhalogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Yann Aminot
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Fishing Port, SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- Fishing Port, IRD (French Research Institute for Sustainable Development), Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- SOS (Sustainable Ocean Seychelles), BeauBelle, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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van der Schyff V, Kwet Yive NSC, Polder A, Cole NC, Tatayah V, Kylin H, Bouwman H. Persistent organic pollutants in sea bird eggs from the Indian Ocean's Mascarene Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145348. [PMID: 33540163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seabird eggs from St. Brandon's Atoll, a tropical island system in the western Indian Ocean. Ten eggs each of sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus), fairy terns (Gygis alba), and common noddies (Anous stolidus) were collected from the atoll. For a terrestrial reference, we analysed three feral chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) eggs from the same location. Sooty tern eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of three chemical classes: ƩCHL3 (0.21 ng/g wm; wet mass), ƩPCB10 (1.5 ng/g wm), and ƩPBDE6 (1.1 ng/g wm). Fairy tern eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of HCB (0.68 ng/g wm) and ƩCHB5 (0.83 ng/g wm). The chicken eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of ƩDDT3 (2.6 ng/g wm), while common noddy eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of ƩHCH2 (0.5 ng/g wm). We surmise that the differences in chemical composition between species reflect different pollutant compositions in prey from the bird's different foraging ranges. The sooty terns foraging offshore contained higher POPs concentrations than the nearshore-foraging common noddies. Fairy tern eggs contained intermediate concentrations, commensurate with their intermediate foraging. Inter-island differences in contaminant concentrations were seen between eggs of the common noddies from St. Brandon's Atoll and Rodrigues Island, 520 km to the south-east. Concentrations of contaminants found in this study were lower than values quantified by other studies, making St. Brandon's Atoll an ideal reference site to monitor background concentrations of POPs in the tropical Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Anuschka Polder
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nik C Cole
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey Channel Islands, UK; Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Kylin
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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