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Mass-Sanchez PB, Krizanac M, Štancl P, Leopold M, Engel KM, Buhl EM, van Helden J, Gassler N, Schiller J, Karlić R, Möckel D, Lammers T, Meurer SK, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. Perilipin 5 deletion protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:94. [PMID: 38388533 PMCID: PMC10884415 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are incompletely understood. During the development of NAFLD, Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) can regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing lipolysis and preventing lipotoxicity. Other reports suggest that the lack of PLIN5 decreases hepatic injury, indicating a protective role in NAFLD pathology. To better understand the role of PLIN5 in liver disease, we established mouse models of NAFLD and NAFLD-induced HCC, in which wild-type and Plin5 null mice were exposed to a single dose of acetone or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in acetone, followed by a 30-week high-fat diet supplemented with glucose/fructose. In the NAFLD model, RNA-seq revealed significant changes in genes related to lipid metabolism and immune response. At the intermediate level, pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (AKT) were blunted in Plin5-deficient mice (Plin5-/-) compared to wild-type mice (WT). In the NAFLD-HCC model, only WT mice developed liver tumors, while Plin5-/- mice were resistant to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, only 32 differentially expressed genes associated with NALFD progession were identified in Plin5 null mice. The markers of mitochondrial function and immune response, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and phosphorylated STAT3, were decreased. Lipidomic analysis revealed differential levels of some sphingomyelins between WT and Plin5-/- mice. Interestingly, these changes were not detected in the HCC model, indicating a possible shift in the metabolism of sphingomelins during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Berenice Mass-Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marinela Krizanac
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula Štancl
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marvin Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rosa Karlić
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Möckel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Sakaguchi CA, Nieman DC, Omar AM, Strauch RC, Williams JC, Lila MA, Zhang Q. Influence of 2 Weeks of Mango Ingestion on Inflammation Resolution after Vigorous Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38201866 PMCID: PMC10780698 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangoes have a unique nutrient profile (carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, and vitamins) that we hypothesized would mitigate post-exercise inflammation. This study examined the effects of mango ingestion on moderating exercise-induced inflammation in a randomized crossover trial with 22 cyclists. In random order with trials separated by a 2-week washout period, the cyclists ingested 330 g mango/day with 0.5 L water or 0.5 L of water alone for 2 weeks, followed by a 2.25 h cycling bout challenge. Blood and urine samples were collected pre- and post-2 weeks of supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-exercise and 1.5-h, 3-h, and 24 h post-exercise. Urine samples were analyzed for targeted mango-related metabolites. The blood samples were analyzed for 67 oxylipins, which are upstream regulators of inflammation and other physiological processes. After 2 weeks of mango ingestion, three targeted urine mango-related phenolic metabolites were significantly elevated compared to water alone (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.003). Significant post-exercise increases were measured for 49 oxylipins, but various subgroup analyses showed no differences in the pattern of change between trials (all interaction effects, p > 0.150). The 2.25 h cycling bouts induced significant inflammation, but no countermeasure effect was found after 2 weeks of mango ingestion despite the elevation of mango gut-derived phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (A.M.O.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Renee C. Strauch
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.A.L.)
| | - James C. Williams
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (A.M.O.); (Q.Z.)
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3
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Koch E, Löwen A, Kampschulte N, Plitzko K, Wiebel M, Rund KM, Willenberg I, Schebb NH. Beyond Autoxidation and Lipoxygenases: Fatty Acid Oxidation Products in Plant Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13092-13106. [PMID: 37624576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
For decades, research on oxidation of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n3) in plant oils has focused on autoxidatively formed and lipoxygenase-derived 9-hydro(pero)xy- and 13-hydro(pero)xy-LA and -ALA. Here, using a non-targeted approach, we show that other hydroxy fatty acids are more abundant in plant oils. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses unveiled highly abundant peaks in flaxseed and rapeseed oils. Using authentic reference standards, seven of the peaks were identified as 9-, 10-, 12-, 13-, and 15-HODE as well as 9- and 13-HOTrE. Additionally, six peaks were characterized based on the retention time, the exact mass of the [M-H]- ion, and its fragment ions as 16-OH-C18:3, 18-OH-C18:3, three isomers of 12-OH-C18:2, and one of 15-OH-C18:2. 16-OH-C18:3 and 18-OH-C18:3 were tentatively identified as 16-OH-ALA and 18-OH-ALA, respectively, based on autoxidation and terminal hydroxylation of ALA using CYP4F2. Investigation of formation pathways suggests that fatty acid desaturase 3 is involved in the formation of the 12-OH-C18:2 isomers, 15-HODE, and its isomer. The dominantly occurring 12-OH-C18:2 isomer was identified as 12R,S-OH-9Z,15Z-octadecadienoic acid (densipolic acid) based on a synthetic standard. The characterized oxylipins occurred in cold-pressed flaxseed and rapeseed oils at concentrations of up to 0.1 g/100 g and thus about sixfold higher than the well-known 9-hydro(pero)xy- and 13-hydro(pero)xy-LA and -ALA. Concentrations in sunflower oil were lower but increased when oil was pressed from preheated seeds. Overall, this study provides fundamental new information about the occurrence of oxidized fatty acids in plant oils, having the potential to characterize their quality and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Ariane Löwen
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Kathrin Plitzko
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Michelle Wiebel
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rund
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, Detmold 32756, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
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ALaqeel NK. Antioxidants from different citrus peels provide protection against cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e271619. [PMID: 37436265 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite significant advancements in the discovery of medications for the treatment of cancer, these drugs are hindered by applicability and efficacy issues and frequently exhibit major side effects that can further impair patients 'quality of life. Therefore, the development of therapeutically sound anti-cancer medicines derived from natural products has gained prominence in the field of functional foods. Some of these compounds have shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as low toxicity. Additionally, many recent studies have explored the recycling of agro-industrial waste to create bioactive chemicals. Citrus peels are produced in vast quantities in the food processing sector; due to their abundance of flavonoids, they may be inexpensive sources of protection against several cancers. Citrus is a common type of fruit that contains a variety of nutrients. In particular, the antioxidant chemicals found in citrus peel have been identified as potential cancer-fighting agents. Antioxidant substances such as flavonoids prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting the metastatic cascade, decreasing the mobility of cancer cells in the circulatory system, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis. To explore the most effective uses of citrus peel-derived antioxidants, this review presents background information, an overview of the role of citrus antioxidants in cancer therapy, and a discussion of the key underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Khalifa ALaqeel
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Lu Y, Liu X, Lotfy R, Liu S, Tesfa AF, Wolber G, Bureik M, Clark BR. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Biotransformation of Pseudopyronines with Human Cytochrome P450 CYP4F2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2603-2609. [PMID: 36327116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolite pseudopyronine B, isolated from Pseudomonas mosselii P33, was biotransformed by human P450 enzymes, heterologously expressed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Small-scale studies confirmed that both CYP4F2 and CYP4F3A were capable of oxidizing the substrate, with the former achieving a higher yield. In larger-scale studies using CYP4F2, three new oxidation products were obtained, the structures of which were elucidated by UV-vis, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-MS spectroscopy. These corresponded to hydroxylated, carboxylated, and ester derivatives (1-3) of pseudopyronine B, all of which had been oxidized exclusively at the ω-position of the C-6 alkyl chain. In silico homology modeling experiments highlighted key interactions between oxygen atoms of the pyrone ring and two serine residues and a histidine residue of CYP4F2, which hold the substrate in a suitable orientation for oxidation at the terminus of the C-6 alkyl chain. Additional modeling studies with all three pseudopyronines revealed that the seven-carbon alkyl chain of pseudopyronine B was the perfect length for oxidation, with the terminal carbon lying close to the heme iron. The antibacterial activity of the substrates and three oxidation products was also assessed, revealing that oxidation at the ω-position removes all antimicrobial activity. This study both increases the range of known substrates for human CYF4F2 and CYP4F3A enzymes and demonstrates their utility in producing additional natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rowaa Lotfy
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sijie Liu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Abel Fekadu Tesfa
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Clark
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
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2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-Ο-β-D-glucoside, a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, potentiates hepatic protein adduction and hepatotoxicity induced by emodin in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Koch E, Wiebel M, Löwen A, Willenberg I, Schebb NH. Characterization of the Oxylipin Pattern and Other Fatty Acid Oxidation Products in Freshly Pressed and Stored Plant Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12935-12945. [PMID: 36173729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidation of linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) during pressing and storage of plant oils leads to a variety of oxylipins. We pressed oils from flaxseeds, rapeseeds, and sunflower seeds and analyzed the oxylipin pattern in freshly pressed oils. 9-/13-Hydro(pero)xy-LA/-ALA occurred in high concentration resulting probably from lipoxygenase-catalyzed reactions as well as autoxidation and photooxidation. However, in flaxseed and rapeseed oil, the highest concentrations were found for the terminal epoxy-ALA (15(16)-EpODE) and the hardly known 15-hydroxy-LA (15-HODE, 80 mg/100 g in flaxseed oil). Oils were stored for 6 months and the peroxide value (PV) as well as oxylipin and secondary volatile aldehyde concentrations were determined. While lipid peroxidation in flaxseed oil was surprisingly low, the oxylipin concentration and PV massively increased in rapeseed oil dependent on oxygen availability. Oxylipin concentrations correlated well with the PV, while secondary volatile aldehydes did not reflect the changes of oxylipins and PVs. The comprehensive analysis of hydroxy-, epoxy-, and dihydroxy-LA/-ALA reveals new and unique insights into the composition of plant oils and ongoing oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michelle Wiebel
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ariane Löwen
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, 32756 Detmold, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Kampschulte N, Berking T, Çelik IE, Kirsch SF, Schebb NH. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-catalyzed oxylipin formation by flavonoids: Evaluation of structure-activity relationship towards CYP4F2-selective inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Stabrauskiene J, Kopustinskiene DM, Lazauskas R, Bernatoniene J. Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071686. [PMID: 35884991 PMCID: PMC9313440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin and naringenin are the main bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruits, the consumption of which is beneficial for human health and has been practiced since ancient times. Numerous studies have reported these substances’ antioxidant and antiandrogenic properties, as well as their ability to protect from inflammation and cancer, in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models in animals and humans. Naringin and naringenin can suppress cancer development in various body parts, alleviating the conditions of cancer patients by acting as effective alternative supplementary remedies. Their anticancer activities are pleiotropic, and they can modulate different cellular signaling pathways, suppress cytokine and growth factor production and arrest the cell cycle. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of naringin and naringenin on inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and invasion processes and their potential to become innovative and safe anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Stabrauskiene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Robertas Lazauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
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Bertelli A, Biagi M, Corsini M, Baini G, Cappellucci G, Miraldi E. Polyphenols: From Theory to Practice. Foods 2021; 10:2595. [PMID: 34828876 PMCID: PMC8621732 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of polyphenols in human health is well known; these compounds are common in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, extra virgin olive oil and wine. On the other hand, the different factors that modulate the biological activity of these compounds are less well known. Conceptualization of the work: In this review we took into account about 200 relevant and recent papers on the following topics: "polyphenols bioavailability", "polyphenols matrix effect", "food matrix effect", "polyphenols-cytochromes interaction", after having reviewed and updated information on chemical classification and main biological properties of polyphenols, such as the antioxidant, anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activity, together with the tricky link between in vitro tests and clinical trials. KEY FINDINGS the issue of polyphenols bioavailability and matrix effect should be better taken into account when health claims are referred to polyphenols, thus considering the matrix effect, enzymatic interactions, reactions with other foods or genetic or gender characteristics that could interfere. We also discovered that in vitro studies often underrate the role of phytocomplexes and thus we provided practical hints to describe a clearer way to approach an investigation on polyphenols for a more resounding transfer to their use in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bertelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Maddalena Corsini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Cappellucci
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.); (G.C.)
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