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Mahmoud GAE, Abdel Shakor AB, Kamal-Eldin NA, Zohri ANA. Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:140. [PMID: 38658810 PMCID: PMC11044385 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid is a wonderful fungal secondary metabolite that has several applications in the food, medical, and agriculture sectors. Many human diseases become resistant to normal antibiotics and normal treatments. We need to search for alternative treatment sources and understand their mode of action. Aspergillus flavus ASU45 (OL314748) was isolated from the caraway rhizosphere as a non-aflatoxin producer and identified genetically using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. After applying the Box-Behnken statistical design to maximize KA production, the production raised from 39.96 to 81.59 g/l utilizing (g/l) glucose 150, yeast extract 5, KH2PO4 1, MgSO4.7H2O 2, and medium pH 3 with a coefficient (R2) of 98.45%. Extracted KA was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and a scanning electron microscope. Crystalized KA was an effective antibacterial agent against six human pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Serratia plymuthica). KA achieves high inhibition activity against Bacillus cereus, K. pneumonia, and S. plymuthica at 100 μg/ml concentration by 2.75, 2.85, and 2.85 compared with chloramphenicol which gives inhibition zones 1, 1.1, and 1.6, respectively. Crystalized KA had anticancer activity versus three types of cancer cell lines (Mcf-7, HepG2, and Huh7) and demonstrated high cytotoxic capabilities on HepG-2 cells that propose strong antitumor potent of KA versus hepatocellular carcinoma. The antibacterial and anticancer modes of action were illustrated using the molecular docking technique. Crystalized kojic acid from a biological source represented a promising microbial metabolite that could be utilized as an alternative antibacterial and anticancer agent effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nahla A Kamal-Eldin
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O 71516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser A Zohri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O 71516, Egypt
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2
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Zhang X, Guo R, Bi F, Chen Y, Xue X, Wang D. Overexpression of kojR and the entire koj gene cluster affect the kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae 3.042. Gene 2024; 892:147852. [PMID: 37776988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA), a fungal secondary metabolite, has various applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Aspergillus oryzae, the primary strain, has been identified as a koj gene cluster positively responsible for KA biosynthesis. In this study, we obtained transformants T58 and T31, which overexpressed either solo kojR or the entire koj gene cluster, respectively. These transformants exhibited peak KA production on the 5th day of shake flask fermentation, with 32.5 g/L and 26.57 g/L that 324.28 % and 246.87 % higher than the control strain with 7.64 g/L, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that the highly productive KA strains had reduced conidial production but increased antioxidant capacity. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that relative expression levels of kojR in the transformants were remarkably higher that the primary cause for the increased KA yield. Moreover, the high expression of kojR could also influence the expression of the key enzymes involved in the KA biosynthesis process, such as glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate dehydrogenase. These findings can assist in discovering more about how the koj gene cluster in A. oryzae influences its growth and KA production. And provides valuable insights into facilitating strain improvement and benefits for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Futi Bi
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xianli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Depei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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3
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An X, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Liu X, Fang C, Wang J, Zhao L, Hou Q, Zhang J, Wan X. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing of 14 lipid metabolic genes reveals a sporopollenin metabolon ZmPKSB-ZmTKPR1-1/-2 required for pollen exine formation in maize. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:216-232. [PMID: 37792967 PMCID: PMC10754010 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid biosynthesis and transport are essential for plant male reproduction. Compared with Arabidopsis and rice, relatively fewer maize lipid metabolic genic male-sterility (GMS) genes have been identified, and the sporopollenin metabolon in maize anther remains unknown. Here, we identified two maize GMS genes, ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2, by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of 14 lipid metabolic genes with anther stage-specific expression patterns. Among them, tkpr1-1/-2 double mutants displayed complete male sterility with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen. ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2 encode tetraketide α-pyrone reductases and have catalytic activities in reducing tetraketide α-pyrone produced by ZmPKSB (polyketide synthase B). Several conserved catalytic sites (S128/130, Y164/166 and K168/170 in ZmTKPR1-1/-2) are essential for their enzymatic activities. Both ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2 are directly activated by ZmMYB84, and their encoded proteins are localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei. Based on protein structure prediction, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical assays, the sporopollenin biosynthetic metabolon ZmPKSB-ZmTKPR1-1/-2 was identified to control pollen exine formation in maize anther. Although ZmTKPR1-1/-2 and ZmPKSB formed a protein complex, their mutants showed different, even opposite, defective phenotypes of anther cuticle and pollen exine. Our findings discover new maize GMS genes that can contribute to male-sterility line-assisted maize breeding and also provide new insights into the metabolon-regulated sporopollenin biosynthesis in maize anther.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli An
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology BreedingYili Normal UniversityYiningChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yilin Jiang
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinze Liu
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lina Zhao
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Quancan Hou
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Zhang
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology BreedingYili Normal UniversityYiningChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and AgricultureUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology BreedingYili Normal UniversityYiningChina
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
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Liu H, Huang X, Liu Y, Jing X, Ning Y, Xu P, Deng L, Wang F. Efficient Production of Triacetic Acid Lactone from Lignocellulose Hydrolysate by Metabolically Engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:18909-18918. [PMID: 37999448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a promising renewable feedstock for the bioproduction of high-value biochemicals. The poorly expressed xylose catabolic pathway was the bottleneck in the efficient utilization of the lignocellulose feedstock in yeast. Herein, multiple genetic and process engineering strategies were explored to debottleneck the conversion of xylose to the platform chemical triacetic acid lactone (TAL) in Yarrowia lipolytica. We identified that xylose assimilation generating more cofactor NADPH was favorable for the TAL synthesis. pH control improved the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and generated more precursor malonyl-CoA. Combined with the suppression of the lipid synthesis pathway, 5.03 and 4.18 g/L TAL were produced from pure xylose and xylose-rich wheat straw hydrolysate, respectively. Our work removed the bottleneck of the xylose assimilation pathway and effectively upgraded wheat straw hydrolysate to TAL, which enabled us to build a sustainable oleaginous yeast cell factory to cost-efficiently produce green chemicals from low-cost lignocellulose by Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyun Jing
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchen Ning
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Sun Y, Tian D, Kuhnert E, Le Goff G, Arcile G, Ouazzani J, Cox RJ. Total biosynthesis of fungal tetraketide pyrones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13587-13590. [PMID: 37886844 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Fungal tetraketide pyrones possess important and potent bioactivities, but their detailed biosynthetic pathways are unknown and synthetic routes to their production are lengthy. Here we investigated the fungal pathways to the multiforisins and compounds related to islandic acid. Heterologous expression experiments yield high titres of these compounds and pathway intermediates. The results both elucidate the pathway and offer a platform for the total biosynthesis of this class of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Sun
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dongsong Tian
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Chen Z, Chen T, Zhang H, Li Y, Fan J, Yao L, Zeng B, Zhang Z. Functional role of a novel zinc finger protein, AoZFA, in growth and kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0090923. [PMID: 37702504 PMCID: PMC10617589 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00909-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA) is a valuable secondary metabolite that is regulated by zinc finger proteins in Aspergillus oryzae. However, only two such proteins have been characterized to function in kojic acid production of A. oryzae to date. In this study, we identified a novel zinc finger protein, AoZFA, required for kojic acid biosynthesis in A. oryzae. Our results showed that disruption of AozfA led to increased expression of kojA and kojR involved in kojic acid synthesis, resulting in enhanced kojic acid production, while overexpression of AozfA had the opposite effect. Furthermore, deletion of kojR in the AozfA disruption strain abolished kojic acid production, whereas overexpression of kojR enhanced it, indicating that AoZFA regulates kojic acid production by affecting kojR. Transcriptional activation assay revealed that AoZFA is a transcriptional activator. Interestingly, when kojR was overexpressed in the AozfA overexpression strain, the production of kojic acid failed to be rescued, suggesting that AozfA plays a distinct role from kojR in kojic acid biosynthesis. Moreover, we found that AozfA was highly induced by zinc during early growth stages, and its overexpression inhibited the growth promoted by zinc, whereas its deletion had no effect, suggesting that AoZFA is non-essential but has a role in the response of A. oryzae to zinc. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the roles of zinc finger proteins in the growth and kojic acid production of A. oryzae.IMPORTANCEKojic acid (KA) is an economically valuable secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus oryzae due to its vast biological activities. Genetic modification of A. oryzae has emerged as an efficient strategy for enhancing kojic acid production, which is dependent on the mining of genes involved in kojic acid synthesis. In this study, we have characterized a novel zinc-finger protein, AoZFA, as a negative regulator of kojic acid production by affecting kojR. AozfA is an excellent target for improving kojic acid production without any effects on the growth of A. oryzae. Furthermore, the simultaneous modification of AozfA and kojR exerts a more significant promotional effect on kojic acid production than the modification of single genes. This study provides new insights for the regulatory mechanism of zinc finger proteins in the growth and kojic acid production of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junxia Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Liu F, Yang H, Tang R, Wang W, Shen H, Xu M, Hao T, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Bao Y. OsTKPR1 proteins with a single amino acid substitution fail the synthesis of a specific sporopollenin precursor and cause abnormal exine and pollen development in rice. Plant Sci 2023; 335:111792. [PMID: 37454819 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid derivatives are key components of rice pollen exine. The synthesis of aliphatic sporopollenin precursors are initiated in the plastids of the tapetal cells, followed by multiple-step reactions conducted in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the relative contribution of different precursors to the precise structure of sporopollenin remains largely elusive, let alone the underlying mechanism. Here, we report that two complete male sterile mutants ostkpr1-3 (Tetraketide α-pyrone reductase 1-3, with OsTKPR1P124S substitution) and ostkpr1-4 (with truncated OsTKPR1stop) are defective in pollen exine, Ubisch body and anther cuticle development where ostkpr1-4 display severer phenotypes. Remarkably, OsTKPR1 could produce reduced hydroxylated tetraketide α-pyrone and reduced tetraketide α-pyrone, whereas OsTKPR1P124S fails to produce the latter. Pairwise interaction assays show that mutated OsTKPR1P124S is able to integrate into a recently characterized metabolon, thus its altered catalytic activity is not due to dis-integrity of the metabolon. In short, we find that reduced tetraketide α-pyrone is a key sporopollenin precursor required for normal exine formation, and the conserved 124th proline of OsTKPR1 is essential for the reduction activity. Therefore, this study provided new insights into the sporopollenin precursor constitution critical for exine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Huiting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haodong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mengxue Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Aursnes M, Primdahl KG, Liwara D, Solum EJ. A Modular Strategy for the Synthesis of Dothideopyrones E and F, Secondary Metabolites from an Endolichenic Fungus. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:804-811. [PMID: 37001015 PMCID: PMC10152449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endolichenic fungi are a rich source of natural products with a wide range of potent bioactivities. Herein, syntheses of the two naturally occurring α-pyrones dothideopyrone E and F are presented. These natural products were isolated from a culture of the endolichenic fungus Dothideomycetes sp. EL003334. The outlined strategy includes a Fu-Suzuki akyl-alkyl cross-coupling, a MacMillan α-oxyamination, and a Sato's pericyclic cascade process to construct the 4-hydroxy-2-pyrone ring system. All the obtained data on the synthesized compounds matched with that of the isolated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Aursnes
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Gangestad Primdahl
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Liwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Ecole Centrale de Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
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Yang H, Liu F, Wang W, Rui Q, Li G, Tan X, Ye J, Shen H, Liu Y, Liu W, Tang R, Hu J, Liu K, Zhang Y, Zhan H, Wang Y, Bao Y. OsTKPR2 is part of a sporopollenin-producing metabolon required for exine formation in rice. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:1911-1925. [PMID: 36638269 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sporopollenin polymer is a major component of the pollen exine. Fatty acid derivatives synthesized in the tapetum are among the precursors of sporopollenin. Progress has been made to understand sporopollenin metabolism in rice; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We found that OsTKPR2 and OsTKPR1 share a similar expression pattern, and their coding proteins have a similar subcellular localization and enzyme activities towards reduced tetraketide α-pyrone and hydroxylated tetraketide α-pyrone. Unexpectedly, OsTKPR1pro:OsTKPR2-eGFP could not rescue the phenotype of ostkpr1-4. Three independent ostkpr2 mutant lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed reduced male fertility to various extents which were correlated with the severity of gene disruptions. Notably, the anther cuticle, Ubisch bodies, and pollen development were affected in the ostkpr2-1 mutant, where a thinner pollen exine was noticed. OsTKPR1 and OsTKPR2 were integrated into a metabolon including OsACOS12 and OsPKS2, which resulted in a significant increased enzymatic efficiency when both OsTKPR1 and OsTKPR2 were present, indicating the mutual dependence of OsTKPR2 and OsTKPR1 for their full biochemical activities. Thus, our results demonstrated that OsTKPR2 is required for anther and pollen development where an OsTKPR2-containing metabolon is functional during rice sporopollenin synthesis. Furthermore, the cooperation and possible functional divergence between OsTKPR2 and OsTKPR1 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qingchen Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng 224002, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Lu Y, Liu X, Lotfy R, Liu S, Tesfa AF, Wolber G, Bureik M, Clark BR. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Biotransformation of Pseudopyronines with Human Cytochrome P450 CYP4F2. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2603-2609. [PMID: 36327116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolite pseudopyronine B, isolated from Pseudomonas mosselii P33, was biotransformed by human P450 enzymes, heterologously expressed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Small-scale studies confirmed that both CYP4F2 and CYP4F3A were capable of oxidizing the substrate, with the former achieving a higher yield. In larger-scale studies using CYP4F2, three new oxidation products were obtained, the structures of which were elucidated by UV-vis, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-MS spectroscopy. These corresponded to hydroxylated, carboxylated, and ester derivatives (1-3) of pseudopyronine B, all of which had been oxidized exclusively at the ω-position of the C-6 alkyl chain. In silico homology modeling experiments highlighted key interactions between oxygen atoms of the pyrone ring and two serine residues and a histidine residue of CYP4F2, which hold the substrate in a suitable orientation for oxidation at the terminus of the C-6 alkyl chain. Additional modeling studies with all three pseudopyronines revealed that the seven-carbon alkyl chain of pseudopyronine B was the perfect length for oxidation, with the terminal carbon lying close to the heme iron. The antibacterial activity of the substrates and three oxidation products was also assessed, revealing that oxidation at the ω-position removes all antimicrobial activity. This study both increases the range of known substrates for human CYF4F2 and CYP4F3A enzymes and demonstrates their utility in producing additional natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rowaa Lotfy
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sijie Liu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Abel Fekadu Tesfa
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Clark
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300092, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li Y, Zhang H, Chen Z, Fan J, Chen T, Zeng B, Zhang Z. Construction of single, double, or triple mutants within kojic acid synthesis genes kojA, kojR, and kojT by the CRISPR/Cas9 tool in Aspergillus oryzae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:459-468. [PMID: 35034313 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Kojic acid is an industrially important secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus oryzae. The construction of genetic materials for kojic acid related genes is important for understanding the mechanism of kojic acid synthesis in A. oryzae. However, multigene simultaneous knockout mutants for kojic acid synthesis genes remain limited because A. oryzae is multinuclear and good selectable markers are scarce. Here, we firstly successfully obtained single mutants of kojA, kojR, and kojT by our previously constructed CRISPR/Cas9 system in A. oryzae, which demonstrated the feasibility of the targeting sgRNAs for kojA, kojR, and kojT. Then, the AMA1-based genome-editing system for multiplex gene editing was developed in A. oryzae. In the multiplex gene-editing system, two guide RNA expression cassettes were ligated in tandem and driven by two U6 promoters in the AMA1-based autonomously replicating plasmid with the Cas9-expression cassette. Moreover, the multiplex gene-editing technique was applied to target the kojic acid synthesis genes kojA, kojR, and kojT, and the double and triple mutants within kojA, kojR, and kojT were obtained successfully. Additionally, the selectable marker pyrG was knocked out in the single and triple mutants of kojA, kojR, and kojT to obtain the auxotrophic strains, which can facilitate to introduce a target gene into the single and triple mutants of kojA, kojR, and kojT for investigating their relationship. The multiplex gene-editing system and release of these materials provide a foundation for further kojic acid research and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Junxia Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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12
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Li W, Fan J, Liao G, Yin WB, Li SM. Precursor Supply Increases the Accumulation of 4-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-α-pyrone after NRPS-PKS Gene Expression. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2380-2384. [PMID: 34286580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Expression of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-nonreducing polyketide synthase hybrid gene pcr10109 from Penicillium crustosum PRB-2 in Aspergillus nidulans led to the accumulation of 4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-α-pyrone (1). Adding para-hydroxybenzoic acid into the medium in which the overexpressing mutant is growing increased the product yield up to 5-fold. This strategy could be helpful for heterologous gene expression experiments requiring special substrates for product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jie Fan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Liao
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Liu J, Yu R, Jia J, Gu W, Zhang H. Assignment of Absolute Configurations of Two Promising Anti- Helicobacter pylori Agents from the Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus niger L14. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165061. [PMID: 34443650 PMCID: PMC8399357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical investigation into endozoic fungus Aspergillus niger L14 derived from the marine sponge of Reniera japonica collected off Xinghai Bay (China) resulted in the isolation of two dimeric naphtho-γ-pyrones, fonsecinone A (1) and isoaurasperone A (2). Through a combination of ECD spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis, the chiral axes of compounds 1 and 2 were unambiguously determined as Rα-configurations. Bioassay results indicated that these substances exhibited remarkably inhibitory effects on human pathogens Helicobacter pylori G27 and 159 with MIC values of ≤4 μg/mL, which are similar to those of the positive control, ampicillin sodium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on absolute configuration of 1 and crystallographic data of 2, as well as their potent anti-H. pylori activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (J.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ronglu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (J.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8832-0913
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14
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Lim S, Bijlani S, Blachowicz A, Chiang YM, Lee MS, Torok T, Venkateswaran K, Wang CCC. Identification of the pigment and its role in UV resistance in Paecilomyces variotii, a Chernobyl isolate, using genetic manipulation strategies. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 152:103567. [PMID: 33989788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungi produce secondary metabolites that are not directly involved in their growth, but often contribute to their adaptation to extreme environmental stimuli and enable their survival. Conidial pigment or melanin is one of the secondary metabolites produced naturally by a polyketide synthesis (PKS) gene cluster in several filamentous fungi and is known to protect these fungi from extreme radiation conditions. Several pigmented or melanized fungi have been shown to grow under extreme radiation conditions at the Chernobyl nuclear accident site. Some of these fungi, including Paecilomyces variotii, were observed to grow towards the source of radiation. Therefore, in this study, we wanted to identify if the pigment produced by P. variotii, contributes to providing protection against radiation condition. We first identified the PKS gene responsible for synthesis of pigment in P. variotii and confirmed its role in providing protection against UV irradiation through CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene deletion. This is the first report that describes the use of CRISPR methodology to create gene deletions in P. variotii. Further, we showed that the pigment produced by this fungus, was not inhibited by DHN-melanin pathway inhibitors, indicating that the fungus does not produce melanin. We then identified the pigment synthesized by the PKS gene of P. variotii, as a naptho-pyrone Ywa1, by heterologously expressing the gene in Aspergillus nidulans. The results obtained will further aid in understanding the mechanistic basis of radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeung Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Swati Bijlani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana Blachowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ming-Shian Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tamas Torok
- Ecology Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Clay C C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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15
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Fan J, Zhang Z, Long C, He B, Hu Z, Jiang C, Zeng B. Identification and functional characterization of glycerol dehydrogenase reveal the role in kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:136. [PMID: 32783085 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol dehydrogenase has been identified and characterized functionally in many species. However, little is known about glycerol dehydrogenase genes and their functions in Aspergillus oryzae. Here, a total of 45 glycerol dehydrogenase genes in Aspergillus oryzae were identified and renamed from AoGld1 to AoGld45 according to their chromosome distribution. They were classified into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis revealed that thirteen AoGld genes are conserved among Aspergillus species. Promoter analysis displayed that AoGld3 and AoGld13 harbored multiple binding elements of GATA-type transcription factors and zinc-finger protein msnA that were involved in nitrogen and kojic acid metabolism, respectively. Moreover, the AoGld3 deletion strain Δgld3 was generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which had no visible growth defects compared with the control wild-type strain under the control and osmotic stress treatments. However, disruption of AoGld3 led to the inhibition of kojic acid production, and the expression of kojA, kojR was down-regulated in the Δgld3 strain. Furthermore, when kojA or kojR was overexpressed in the Δgld3 strain, the yield of kojic acid was restored, suggesting that AoGld3 is involved in kojic acid production through affecting the expression of kojR and kojA. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into our understanding of glycerol dehydrogenase and establish foundation for further study of their roles in Aspergillus oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Chuannan Long
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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16
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Ashooriha M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Rafiei A, Kardan M, Yazdian-Robati R, Emami S. Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112480. [PMID: 32652434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our effort to develop potential tyrosinase inhibitors, we have conjugated the well-known tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid (KA) with several phenolic natural products such as umbelliferone, sesamol, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, isoeugenol, vanillin, isovanillin, and apocynin that some reports have shown their activity on tyrosinase enzyme. The designed compounds were synthesized using click reaction and 1,2,3-triazole formation. All compound showed potent anti-tyrosinase activity significantly higher than KA. The best activities were observed with apocynin and 4-coumarinol analogs (10c and 16c) displaying IC50 values of 0.03 and 0.02 μM, respectively. The potency of 16c was >460-times more than that of KA. Cell-based assays against B16F10 and HFF cells revealed that the representative compounds can efficiently suppress the melanogenesis without significant toxicity on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ashooriha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Kardan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Kaur P, Gupta RC, Dey A, Malik T, Pandey DK. Optimization of salicylic acid and chitosan treatment for bitter secoiridoid and xanthone glycosides production in shoot cultures of Swertia paniculata using response surface methodology and artificial neural network. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:225. [PMID: 32429895 PMCID: PMC7238632 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was used to construct the predicted models of linear, quadratic and interactive effects of two independent variables viz. salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CS) for the production of amarogentin (I), swertiamarin (II) and mangiferin (III) from shoot cultures of Swertia paniculata Wall. These compounds are the major therapeutic metabolites in the Swertia plant, which have significant role and demand in the pharmaceutical industries. RESULTS Present study highlighted that different concentrations of SA and CS elicitors substantially influenced the % yield of (I), (II) and (III) compounds in the shoot culture established on modified ½ MS medium (supplemented with 2.22 mM each of BA and KN and 2.54 mM NAA). In RSM, different response variables with linear, quadratic and 2 way interaction model were computed with five-factor-three level full factorial CCD. In ANN modelling, 13 runs of CCD matrix was divided into 3 subsets, with approximate 8:1:1 ratios to train, validate and test. The optimal enhancement of (I) (0.435%), (II) (4.987%) and (III) (4.357%) production was achieved in 14 days treatment in shoot cultures of S. paniculata elicited by 9 mM and 12 mg L- 1 concentrations (SA) and (CS). CONCLUSIONS In optimization study, (I) show 0.170-0.435%; (II) display 1.020-4.987% and (III) upto 2.550-4.357% disparity with varied range of SA (1-20 mM) and CS (1-20 mg L- 1). Overall, optimization of elicitors to promote secoiridoid and xanthone glycoside production with ANN modeling (r2 = 100%) offered more significant results as compared to RSM (r2 = 99.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - R C Gupta
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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18
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Abstract
A nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-nonreducing polyketide synthase (NRPKS) hybrid enzyme (AnATPKS) from Aspergillus niger was shown to produce amino acid derived α-pyrone natural products (pyrophen and campyrone B). Biochemical characterization of the NRPS module in vitro reveals that the adenylation domain is promiscuous toward a variety of substituted phenylalanine analogues. Using precursor feeding and heterologous expression of AnATPKS and an associated O-methyltransferase (AnOMT), we were able to access a library of substituted pyrophen analogues. Our study paves the way for future combinatorial biosynthesis of diverse α-pyrone natural products using NRPS-NRPKS hybrids.
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19
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Dahora LI, Fitzgerald A, Emanuel M, Baiges AF, Husain Z, Thompson CK. The Flavor Enhancer Maltol Increases Pigment Aggregation in Dermal and Neural Melanophores in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:381-395. [PMID: 31721268 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanophores are pigmented cells that change the distribution of melanosomes, enabling animals to appear lighter or darker for camouflage, thermoregulation, and protection from ultraviolet radiation. A complex series of hormonal and neural mechanisms regulates melanophore pigment distribution, making these dynamic cells a valuable tool to screen toxicants as they rapidly respond to changes in the environment. We found that maltol, a naturally occurring flavor enhancer and fragrance agent, induces melanophore pigment aggregation in a dose-dependent manner in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. To determine if maltol affects camouflage adaptation, we placed tadpoles into maltol baths situated over either a white or a black background. Maltol induced pigment aggregation in a similar dose-dependent pattern regardless of background color. We also tested how maltol treatment compares to melatonin treatment and found that the degree of pigment aggregation induced by maltol is similar to treatment with melatonin but that maltol induces over a much longer time course. Last, maltol had no effect on mRNA expression in the brain of genes that regulate camouflage-related pigment aggregation. The present results suggest that maltol does not exert its effects via the camouflage adaptation mechanism or via melatonin-related mechanisms. These results are the first to identify a putative toxicological effect of maltol exposure in vivo and rule out several mechanisms by which maltol may exert its effects on pigment aggregation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:381-395. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara I Dahora
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Matthew Emanuel
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexa F Baiges
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zahabiya Husain
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher K Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Global Change Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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20
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Li X, Pan L, Wang B, Pan L. The Histone Deacetylases HosA and HdaA Affect the Phenotype and Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiles of Aspergillus niger. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090520. [PMID: 31500299 PMCID: PMC6784283 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an important modification for the regulation of chromatin accessibility and is controlled by two kinds of histone-modifying enzymes: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In filamentous fungi, there is increasing evidence that HATs and HDACs are critical factors related to mycelial growth, stress response, pathogenicity and production of secondary metabolites (SMs). In this study, seven A. niger histone deacetylase-deficient strains were constructed to investigate their effects on the strain growth phenotype as well as the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of secondary metabolic pathways. Phenotypic analysis showed that deletion of hosA in A. niger FGSC A1279 leads to a significant reduction in growth, pigment production, sporulation and stress resistance, and deletion of hdaA leads to an increase in pigment production in liquid CD medium. According to the metabolomic analysis, the production of the well-known secondary metabolite fumonisin was reduced in both the hosA and hdaA mutants, and the production of kojic acid was reduced in the hdaA mutant and slightly increased in the hosA mutant. Results suggested that the histone deacetylases HosA and HdaA play a role in development and SM biosynthesis in A. niger FGSC A1279. Histone deacetylases offer new strategies for regulation of SM synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lijie Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Marsico G, Ciccone MS, Masi M, Freda F, Cristofaro M, Evidente A, Superchi S, Scafato P. Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity Against Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) of (±)-3-deoxyradicinin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173193. [PMID: 31484319 PMCID: PMC6749313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy for obtainment of (±)-3-deoxyradicinin (2) is reported. This synthetic methodology is more efficient than those previously reported in the literature and also shows higher versatility towards the introduction of different side-chains at both C-7 and C-2. The obtained compound (±)-2 shows phytotoxicity against the grass-weed buffelgrass comparable to that of the natural phytotoxin radicinin (1). Therefore, (±)-2 can constitute a more practical synthetic alternative to 1 as bioherbicide for buffelgrass control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marsico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Sabrina Ciccone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cristofaro
- BBCA onlus, Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Munshi R, Joshi S, Talele G, Shah R. An In-Vitro Assay Estimating Changes in Melanin Content of Melanoma Cells due to Ultra-Dilute, Potentized Preparations. HOMEOPATHY 2019; 108:183-187. [PMID: 30836409 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The authors had previously conducted an in-vitro study to observe the effect of homeopathic medicines on melanogenesis, demonstrating anti-vitiligo potential by increasing the melanin content in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. A similar experiment was performed using further homeopathic preparations sourced from kojic acid (KA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; HP), 6-biopterin (BP), and [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NLE), some of which are known to induce vitiligo or melano-destruction at physiological dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS The homeopathic preparations of BP, KA, NLE, and HP were used in 30c potency. Alcohol and potentized alcohol were used as vehicle controls. Prior to starting the main experiment, the viability of B16F10 melanoma cells after treatment with study preparations was assayed. Melanin content (at 48 h and 96 h) and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes were determined. RESULTS At the end of 48 hours, NLE and HP in 30c potency had a significantly greater melanin content (p = 0.015 and p = 0.039, respectively) compared with controls; BP and KA in 30c potency had no significant effects. No significant changes were seen at the end of 96 hours. KA, NLE, HP, and vehicle controls showed an inhibition of tyrosinase activity. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated melanogenic effects of two homeopathic preparations. Further research to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these medicines is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TNMC & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samidha Joshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TNMC & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rajesh Shah
- Life Force Foundation Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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23
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DellaGreca M, De Tommaso G, Salvatore MM, Nicoletti R, Becchimanzi A, Iuliano M, Andolfi A. The Issue of Misidentification of Kojic Acid with Flufuran in Aspergillus flavus. Molecules 2019; 24:E1709. [PMID: 31052538 PMCID: PMC6539386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of investigations on the complex phenomenon of bee decline, Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the haemocoel of worker bees. Observations on the metabolomic profile of this strain showed kojic acid to be the dominant product in cultures on Czapek-Dox broth. However, an accurate review of papers documenting secondary metabolite production in A. flavus also showed that an isomer of kojic acid, identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid and named flufuran is reported from this species. The spectroscopic data of kojic acid were almost identical to those reported in the literature for flufuran. This motivated a comparative study of commercial kojic acid and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid, highlighting some differences, for example in the 13C-NMR and UV spectra for the two compounds, indicating that misidentification of the kojic acid as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid has occurred in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaetano De Tommaso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Mauro Iuliano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80126 Naples, Italy.
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24
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Bang S, Song JH, Lee D, Lee C, Kim S, Kang KS, Lee JH, Shim SH. Neuroprotective Secondary Metabolite Produced by an Endophytic Fungus, Neosartorya fischeri JS0553, Isolated from Glehnia littoralis. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1831-1838. [PMID: 30742443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Glehnia littoralis have been used to heal stroke as a traditional medicine. Even though many studies on this plant have been conducted, the secondary metabolites produced by its endophytes and their bioactivities have not been investigated thus far. Therefore, a new meroditerpenoid named sartorypyrone E (1) and eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from extracts of cultured Neosartorya fischeri JS0553, an endophyte of G. littoralis. The isolated metabolites were identified using spectroscopic methods and chemical reaction, based on a comparison to literature data. Relative and absolute stereochemistries of compound 1 were also elucidated. To identify the protective effects of isolated compounds (1-9) in HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, we assessed inhibition of cell death, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. Among the isolates, compound 8, identified as fischerin, showed significant neuroprotective activity on glutamate-mediated HT22 cell death through inhibition of ROS, Ca2+ influx, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. The results suggested that the metabolites produced by the endophyte N. fischeri JS0553 might be related to the neuroprotective activity of its host plant, G. littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Bang
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Biological Resources Assessment Division , National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon 22689 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science , CHA University , Pocheon 13488 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center , Duksung Women's University , Seoul 01369 , Republic of Korea
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Caceres I, Snini SP, Puel O, Mathieu F. Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B₁ Producer. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110442. [PMID: 30380704 PMCID: PMC6267218 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a current problem in tropical and subtropical regions. In the future, this contamination risk may be expanded to European countries due to climate change. The development of alternative strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination that further contribute to the substitution of phytopharmaceutical products are thus needed. For this, a promising method resides in the use of biocontrol agents. Several actinobacteria strains have demonstrated to effectively reduce the aflatoxin B1 concentration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of action by which these biological agents reduce the mycotoxin concentration has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to test the potential use of Streptomyces roseolus as a biocontrol agent against aflatoxin B1 contamination. Co-cultures with Aspergillus flavus were conducted, and the molecular fungal response was investigated through analyzing the q-PCR expression of 65 genes encoding relevant fungal functions. Moreover, kojic and cyclopiazonic acid concentrations, as well as morphological fungal changes were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that reduced concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and kojic acid were respectively correlated with the down-regulation of the aflatoxin B1 gene cluster and kojR gene expression. Moreover, a fungal hypersporulated phenotype and a general over-expression of genes involved in fungal development were observed in the co-culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Caceres
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
| | - Selma P Snini
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Florence Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
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Westphal KR, Muurmann AT, Paulsen IE, Nørgaard KTH, Overgaard ML, Dall SM, Aalborg T, Wimmer R, Sørensen JL, Sondergaard TE. Who Needs Neighbors? PKS8 Is a Stand-Alone Gene in Fusarium graminearum Responsible for Production of Gibepyrones and Prolipyrone B. Molecules 2018; 23:E2232. [PMID: 30200525 PMCID: PMC6225250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing of the genus Fusarium has revealed a great capacity for discovery of new natural products of potential economical and therapeutic importance. Several of these are unknown. In this study, we investigated the product of the PKS8 gene in Fusarium graminearum, which was recently linked to gibepyrones in F. fujikuroi. Genomic analyses showed that PKS8 constitutes a stand-alone gene in F. graminearum and related species. Overexpression of PKS8 resulted in production of gibepyrones A, B, D, G and prolipyrone B, which could not be detected in the wild type strain. Our results suggest that PKS8 produces the entry compound gibepyrone A, which is subsequently oxidized by one or several non-clustering cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ending with prolipyrone B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iben Engell Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | - Marie Lund Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | - Trine Aalborg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Li J, Zhang J, Zuo Z, Huang H, Wang Y. Quantification and Discrimination of in Vitro Regeneration Swertia nervosa at Different Growth Periods using the UPLC/UV Coupled with Chemometric Method. J AOAC Int 2018; 101:1473-1481. [PMID: 29743131 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.17-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swertia nervosa (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke, a promising traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, is endangered due to its extensive collection and unsustainable harvesting practices. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to discuss the diversity of metabolites (loganic acid, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside) at different growth stages and organs of Swertia nervosa using the ultra-high-performance LC (UPLC)/UV coupled with chemometric method. METHODS UPLC data, UV data, and data fusion were treated separately to find more useful information by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), an unsupervised method, was then employed for validating the results from PLS-DA. RESULTS Three strategies displayed different chemical information associated with the sample discrimination. UV information mainly contributed to the classification of different organs; UPLC information was prominently responsible for both organs and growth periods; the data fusion did not perform with apparent superiority compared with single data analysis, although it provided useful information to differentiate leaves that could not be recognized by UPLC. The quantification result showed that the content of swertiamarin was the highest compared with the other three metabolites, especially in leaves at the rooted stage (19.57 ± 5.34 mg/g). Therefore, we speculated that interactive transformations occurred among these four metabolites, facilitated by root formation. CONCLUSIONS This work will contribute to exploitation of bioactive compounds of S. nervosa, as well as its large-scale propagation. HIGHLIGHTS The roots formation may influence the distribution and accumulation of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuhua Road Kunming, China 650500
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicine Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Road, Kunming, China 650200
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuhua Road Kunming, China 650500
| | - Hengyu Huang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuhua Road Kunming, China 650500
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicine Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Road, Kunming, China 650200
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28
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Yu J, Landberg J, Shavarebi F, Bilanchone V, Okerlund A, Wanninayake U, Zhao L, Kraus G, Sandmeyer S. Bioengineering triacetic acid lactone production in Yarrowia lipolytica for pogostone synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2383-2388. [PMID: 29777591 PMCID: PMC6855914 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast that is recognized for its ability to accumulate high levels of lipids, which can serve as precursors to biobased fuels and chemicals. Polyketides, such as triacetic acid lactone (TAL), can also serve as a precursor for diverse commodity chemicals. This study used Y. lipolytica as a host organism for the production of TAL via expression of the 2-pyrone synthase gene from Gerbera hybrida. Induction of lipid biosynthesis by nitrogen-limited growth conditions increased TAL titers. We also manipulated basal levels of TAL production using a DNA cut-and-paste transposon to mobilize and integrate multiple copies of the 2-pyrone synthase gene. Strain modifications and batch fermentation in nitrogen-limited medium yielded TAL titers of 2.6 g/L. Furthermore, we show that minimal medium allows TAL to be readily concentrated at >94% purity and converted at 96% yield to pogostone, a valuable antibiotic. Modifications of this reaction scheme yielded diverse related compounds. Thus, oleaginous organisms have the potential to be flexible microbial biofactories capable of economical synthesis of platform chemicals and the generation of industrially relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jenny Landberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Farbod Shavarebi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Virginia Bilanchone
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Adam Okerlund
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Umayangani Wanninayake
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - George Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Suzanne Sandmeyer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, IA, USA
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Becerril A, Álvarez S, Braña AF, Rico S, Díaz M, Santamaría RI, Salas JA, Méndez C. Uncovering production of specialized metabolites by Streptomyces argillaceus: Activation of cryptic biosynthesis gene clusters using nutritional and genetic approaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198145. [PMID: 29795673 PMCID: PMC5993118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of Streptomyces genomes has revealed they harbor a high number of biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC), which uncovered their enormous potentiality to encode specialized metabolites. However, these metabolites are not usually produced under standard laboratory conditions. In this manuscript we report the activation of BGCs for antimycins, carotenoids, germicidins and desferrioxamine compounds in Streptomyces argillaceus, and the identification of the encoded compounds. This was achieved by following different strategies, including changing the growth conditions, heterologous expression of the cluster and inactivating the adpAa or overexpressing the abrC3 global regulatory genes. In addition, three new carotenoid compounds have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Becerril
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo F. Braña
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio Rico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Margarita Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón I. Santamaría
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José A. Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Sherden NH, Lichman B, Caputi L, Zhao D, Kamileen MO, Buell CR, O'Connor SE. Identification of iridoid synthases from Nepeta species: Iridoid cyclization does not determine nepetalactone stereochemistry. Phytochemistry 2018; 145:48-56. [PMID: 29091815 PMCID: PMC5739345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nepetalactones are iridoid monoterpenes with a broad range of biological activities produced by plants in the Nepeta genus. However, none of the genes for nepetalactone biosynthesis have been discovered. Here we report the transcriptomes of two Nepeta species, each with distinctive profiles of nepetalactone stereoisomers. As a starting point for investigation of nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta, these transcriptomes were used to identify candidate genes for iridoid synthase homologs, an enzyme that has been shown to form the core iridoid skeleton in several iridoid producing plant species. Iridoid synthase homologs identified from the transcriptomes were cloned, heterologously expressed, and then assayed with the 8-oxogeranial substrate. These experiments revealed that catalytically active iridoid synthase enzymes are present in Nepeta, though there are unusual mutations in key active site residues. Nevertheless, these enzymes exhibit similar catalytic activity and product profile compared to previously reported iridoid synthases from other plants. Notably, four nepetalactone stereoisomers with differing stereochemistry at the 4α and 7α positions - which are generated during the iridoid synthase reaction - are observed at different ratios in various Nepeta species. This work strongly suggests that the variable stereochemistry at these 4α and 7α positions of nepetalactone diastereomers is established further downstream in the iridoid pathway in Nepeta. Overall, this work provides a gateway into the biosynthesis of nepetalactones in Nepeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Sherden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Benjamin Lichman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mohamed O Kamileen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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31
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Xiang B, Li X, Wang Y, Tian X, Yang Z, Ma L, Liu X, Wang Y. Cloning and Characterization of Two Iridoid Synthase Homologs from Swertia Mussotii. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081387. [PMID: 28829394 PMCID: PMC6152284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swertia mussotii is an important medicinal plant found on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau that has great economic and medicinal value. This plant has enjoyed a long history of use as a curative for hepatitis. The biological activity of secoiridoids, including gentiopicroside and swertiamarin, has been mainly tested for its anti-hepatitis effects. Here, we identify two candidate genes (SmIS1 and SmIS2) that are homologues of iridoid synthase and that are components of the secoiridoid pathway in S. mussotii. Using sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, we confirm that SmIS1 and SmIS2 contain six conserved short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) motifs and thus belong to the P5βRs group. The two purified Escherichia coli-expressed proteins reduced 8-oxogeranial to both nepetalactol and iridodials. A comparison of the kinetic parameters of SmIS1 and SmIS2 recombinant proteins revealed that SmIS2 has a lower affinity than SmIS1 for 8-oxogeranial. Transcript levels of the two genes were analysed in three different tissues of S. mussotii using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. SmIS1 and SmIS2 expression levels were more abundant in leaves and stems. This investigation adds to our knowledge of P5βRs genes in the secoiridoid synthesis pathway and provides candidate genes for genetically improving S. mussotii by enhancing secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshan road 312, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin road 94, 300071 Tianjin, China.
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Kontturi J, Osama R, Deng X, Bashandy H, Albert VA, Teeri TH. Functional characterization and expression of GASCL1 and GASCL2, two anther-specific chalcone synthase like enzymes from Gerbera hybrida. Phytochemistry 2017; 134:38-45. [PMID: 27884449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone synthase superfamily consists of type III polyketidesynthases (PKSs), enzymes responsible for producing plant secondary metabolites with various biological and pharmacological activities. Anther-specific chalcone synthase-like enzymes (ASCLs) represent an ancient group of type III PKSs involved in the biosynthesis of sporopollenin, the main component of the exine layer of moss spores and mature pollen grains of seed plants. In the latter, ASCL proteins are localized in the tapetal cells of the anther where they participate in sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation within the locule. It is thought that the enzymes responsible for sporopollenin biosynthesis are highly conserved, and thus far, each angiosperm species with a genome sequenced has possessed two ASCL genes, which in Arabidopsis thaliana are PKSA and PKSB. The Gerbera hybrida (gerbera) PKS protein family consists of three chalcone synthases (GCHS1, GCHS3 and GCHS4) and three 2-pyrone synthases (G2PS1, G2PS2 and G2PS3). In previous studies we have demonstrated the functions of chalcone synthases in flavonoid biosynthesis, and the involvement of 2-pyrone synthases in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds found in gerbera. In this study we expanded the gerbera PKS-family by functionally characterizing two gerbera ASCL proteins. In vitro enzymatic studies using purified recombinant proteins showed that both GASCL1 and GASCL2 were able to use medium and long-chain acyl-CoA starters and perform two to three condensation reactions of malonyl-CoA to produce tri- and tetraketide 2-pyrones, usually referred to as alpha-pyrones in sporopollenin literature. Both GASCL1 and GASCL2 genes were expressed only in floral organs, with most expression observed in anthers. In the anthers, transcripts of both genes showed strict tapetum-specific localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Kontturi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Raisa Osama
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Hany Bashandy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland; Department of Genetics, Cairo University, 13 Gamaa St., Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Buffalo, USA
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
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Rai A, Nakamura M, Takahashi H, Suzuki H, Saito K, Yamazaki M. High-throughput sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly of Swertia japonica to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of therapeutic metabolites. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:2091-111. [PMID: 27378356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report potential transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of therapeutic metabolites in Swertia japonica , the first report of transcriptome assembly, and characterization of the medicinal plant from Swertia genus. Swertia genus, representing over 170 plant species including herbs such as S. chirata, S. hookeri, S. longifolia, S. japonica, among others, have been used as the traditional medicine in China, India, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years. Due to the lack of genomic and transcriptomic resources, little is known about the molecular basis involved in the biosynthesis of characteristic key bioactive metabolites. Here, we performed deep-transcriptome sequencing for the aerial tissues and the roots of S. japonica, generating over 2 billion raw reads with an average length of 101 bps. Using a combined approach of three popular assemblers, de novo transcriptome assembly for S. japonica was obtained, yielding 81,729 unigenes having an average length of 884 bps and N50 value of 1452 bps, of which 46,963 unigenes were annotated based on the sequence similarity against NCBI-nr protein database. Annotation of transcriptome assembly resulted in the identification of putative genes encoding all enzymes from the key therapeutic metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Transcript abundance analysis, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed metabolic processes being up-regulated in the aerial tissues with respect to the roots of S. japonica. We also identified 37 unigenes as potential candidates involved in the glycosylation of bioactive metabolites. Being the first report of transcriptome assembly and annotation for any of the Swertia species, this study will be a valuable resource for future investigations on the biosynthetic pathways of therapeutic metabolites and their regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Michimi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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Pietiäinen M, Kontturi J, Paasela T, Deng X, Ainasoja M, Nyberg P, Hotti H, Teeri TH. Two polyketide synthases are necessary for 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin biosynthesis in Gerbera hybrida. Plant J 2016; 87:548-58. [PMID: 27227340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) is an economically important ornamental species and a model plant of the Asteraceae family for flower development and secondary metabolism. Gerberin and parasorboside, two bitter tasting glucosidic lactones, are produced in high amounts in nearly all gerbera tissues. Gerbera and its close relatives also produce a rare coumarin, 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (HMC). Unlike most coumarins, 5-methylcoumarins have been suggested to be derived through the acetate-malonate pathway. All of these polyketide-derived glucosylated molecules are considered to have a role in defense against herbivores and phytopathogens in gerbera. Gerbera expresses three genes encoding 2-pyrone synthases (G2PS1-3). The enzymes are chalcone synthase-like polyketide synthases with altered starter substrate specificity. We have shown previously that G2PS1 is responsible for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (triacetolactone), a putative precursor of gerberin and parasorboside. Here we show that polyketide synthases G2PS2 and G2PS3 are necessary for the biosynthesis of HMC in gerbera, and that a reductase enzyme is likely required to complete the pathway to HMC. G2PS2 is expressed in the leaf blade and inflorescences of gerbera, while G2PS3 is strictly root specific. Heterologous expression of G2PS2 or G2PS3 in tobacco leads to the formation of 4,7-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumarin, apparently an unreduced precursor of HMC, while ectopic expression in gerbera leads to HMC formation in tissues where nontransgenic tissue does not express the genes and does not accumulate the compound. Using protein modelling and site-directed mutagenesis we identified the residues I203 and T344 in G2PS2 and G2PS3 to be critical for pentaketide synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Juha Kontturi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Tanja Paasela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Miia Ainasoja
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Paulina Nyberg
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Hannu Hotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
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Mazzei P, Vinale F, Woo SL, Pascale A, Lorito M, Piccolo A. Metabolomics by Proton High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Tomato Plants Treated with Two Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Trichoderma. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3538-45. [PMID: 27088924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma fungi release 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and harzianic acid (2) secondary metabolites to improve plant growth and health protection. We isolated metabolites 1 and 2 from Trichoderma strains, whose different concentrations were used to treat seeds of Solanum lycopersicum. The metabolic profile in the resulting 15 day old tomato leaves was studied by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy directly on the whole samples without any preliminary extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of HRMAS NMR showed significantly enhanced acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content accompanied by variable amount of amino acids in samples treated with both Trichoderma secondary metabolites. Seed germination rates, seedling fresh weight, and the metabolome of tomato leaves were also dependent upon doses of metabolites 1 and 2 treatments. HRMAS NMR spectroscopy was proven to represent a rapid and reliable technique for evaluating specific changes in the metabolome of plant leaves and calibrating the best concentration of bioactive compounds required to stimulate plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Pascale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
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Sülsen VP, Puente V, Papademetrio D, Batlle A, Martino VS, Frank FM, Lombardo ME. Mode of Action of the Sesquiterpene Lactones Psilostachyin and Psilostachyin C on Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150526. [PMID: 26939119 PMCID: PMC4777292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease, which is a major endemic disease in Latin America and is recognized by the WHO as one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases in the world. Psilostachyin and psilostachyin C, two sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Ambrosia spp., have been demonstrated to have trypanocidal activity. Considering both the potential therapeutic targets present in the parasite, and the several mechanisms of action proposed for sesquiterpene lactones, the aim of this work was to characterize the mode of action of psilostachyin and psilostachyin C on Trypanosoma cruzi and to identify the possible targets for these molecules. Psilostachyin and psilostachyin C were isolated from Ambrosia tenuifolia and Ambrosia scabra, respectively. Interaction of sesquiterpene lactones with hemin, the induction of oxidative stress, the inhibition of cruzipain and trypanothione reductase and their ability to inhibit sterol biosynthesis were evaluated. The induction of cell death by apoptosis was also evaluated by analyzing phosphatidylserine exposure detected using annexin-V/propidium iodide, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, assessed with Rhodamine 123 and nuclear DNA fragmentation evaluated by the TUNEL assay. Both STLs were capable of interacting with hemin. Psilostachyin increased about 5 times the generation of reactive oxygen species in Trypanosoma cruzi after a 4h treatment, unlike psilostachyin C which induced an increase in reactive oxygen species levels of only 1.5 times. Only psilostachyin C was able to inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol, causing an accumulation of squalene. Both sesquiterpene lactones induced parasite death by apoptosis. Upon evaluating the combination of both compounds, and additive trypanocidal effect was observed. Despite their structural similarity, both sesquiterpene lactones exerted their anti-T. cruzi activity through interaction with different targets. Psilostachyin accomplished its antiparasitic effect by interacting with hemin, while psilostachyin C interfered with sterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria P. Sülsen
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Puente
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Papademetrio
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira Batlle
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia S. Martino
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M. Frank
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MEL); (FMF)
| | - María E. Lombardo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MEL); (FMF)
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Chang J, Zhou B. Biotransformation of swertiamarin by Aspergillus niger. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:1933-1937. [PMID: 26639489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biotransforamtion of swertiamarin has been carried out using Aspergillus niger. The results showed that 60% swertiamarin were metabolized into two metabolites during the 5 days of biotransformation. The metabolites were identified as erythrocentaurin and 5-ethylidene-8-hydroxy-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1Hpyrano[3,4-c]-pyridine-1-one, a novel alkaloid, with NMR and MS. The hydrolysis of glucosidic bond catalyzed by β-D-glucosidase was found to be the rate-limiting reaction in pathway of biotransformation of swertiamarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- School of Science Life, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nangchang, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Sharifi M, Ghadamyari M, Sajedi RH, Mahmoodi NO. Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on the phenoloxidase from Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): In vivo and in vitro studies. Insect Sci 2015; 22:639-650. [PMID: 24995395 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal effects of 4-hexylresorcinol, a phenoloxidase (PO) inhibitor, were determined on Hyphantria cunea (Drury) under laboratory conditions. The LC50 for the 15-d-old larvae was estimated to be 2.95 g/L after 96 h exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and PO showed a decrease in larvae treated with 4-hexylresorcinol, and the IC50 of GST and PO were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.43 g/L, respectively, 24 h after treatment. The PO from the hemolymph of fall webworm was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography, and then enzymatic characteristics and the mechanism of inhibition were determined using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate. The purified PO showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa. The optimum pH for PO activity was observed at pH 7.0, optimum temperature was found to be 45 °C, and PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn(2+) . IC50 values were estimated to be 8.2, 19.14, and 24.04 μmol/L for 4-hexylresorsinol, kojic acid, and quercetin, respectively. The inhibitory potencies (i.e., I50 of each compound/I50 of 4-hexylresorcinol) of kojic acid and quercetin on H. cunea PO were estimated to be 1.87 and 2.89, respectively. 4-hexylresorcinol was determined to be a competitive inhibitor, and kojic acid and quercetin were determined to be mixed inhibitors. PO is one of the most important enzymes in an insect's immune system, and the use of PO inhibitors seems to be a promising approach for pest control due to their potential safety for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht
| | - Mohammad Ghadamyari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
| | - Nosrat O Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Kim W, Park CM, Park JJ, Akamatsu HO, Peever TL, Xian M, Gang DR, Vandemark G, Chen W. Functional Analyses of the Diels-Alderase Gene sol5 of Ascochyta rabiei and Alternaria solani Indicate that the Solanapyrone Phytotoxins Are Not Required for Pathogenicity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2015; 28:482-96. [PMID: 25372118 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-14-0234-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta rabiei and Alternaria solani, the causal agents of Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and early blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum), respectively, produce a set of phytotoxic compounds including solanapyrones A, B, and C. Although both the phytotoxicity of solanapyrones and their universal production among field isolates have been documented, the role of solanapyrones in pathogenicity is not well understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of the sol5 gene, which encodes a Diels-Alderase that catalyzes the final step of solanapyrone biosynthesis. Deletion of sol5 in both Ascochyta rabiei and Alternaria solani completely prevented production of solanapyrones and led to accumulation of the immediate precursor compound, prosolanapyrone II-diol, which is not toxic to plants. Deletion of sol5 did not negatively affect growth rate or spore production in vitro, and led to overexpression of the other solanapyrone biosynthesis genes, suggesting a possible feedback regulation mechanism. Phytotoxicity tests showed that solanapyrone A is highly toxic to several legume species and Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite the apparent phytotoxicity of solanapyrone A, pathogenicity tests showed that solanapyrone-minus mutants of Ascochyta rabiei and Alternaria solani were equally virulent as their corresponding wild-type progenitors, suggesting that solanapyrones are not required for pathogenicity.
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Su C, Zhao X, Qiu R, Tang L. Construction of the co-expression plasmids of fostriecin polyketide synthases and heterologous expression in Streptomyces. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:269-274. [PMID: 25427408 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyketides are bioactive natural products with diverse bioactivities, and heterologous production of polyketides in easily engineered microbial hosts is preferred for the production of structurally diverse and the therapeutically active polyketides. OBJECTIVE In this study, heterologous expression of the biosynthetic genes encoding type I polyketide synthases (PKS) involved in biosynthesis of fostriecin, a unique phosphate monoester polyketide antibiotic, was attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fostriecin PKS (Fos-PKS) biosynthetic gene cluster in a total of 48.4 kb were cloned downstream of the act I promoter in two compatible Streptomyces vectors using Red/ET recombination. The co-expression plasmids were sequentially transferred into Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor. Active transcription of the polyketide genes was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, and the metabolites were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The recombinant strains S. lividans TK24/p6-fosAB-p4-fosCDEF and S. coelicolor M512/p6-fosAB-p4-fosCDEF were obtained for heterologous expression in Streptomyces. Pigmentation was observed in the recombinant strains, whereas the control strain with empty vector displayed no change in pigment production. Active transcription of the polyketide genes was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis and subsequent sequencing. CONCLUSION The present study is the first attempt to overexpress Fos-PKS biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces. More studies on heterologous expression of the fostriecin biosynthetic gene cluster would be beneficial for further understanding the mechanisms of its structural as well as the potential pharmaceutically effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Su
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China
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Wang H, Guo C, Chen BZ, Ji M. Computational study on the drug resistance mechanism of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutants V494I, V494A, M426A, and M423T to Filibuvir. Antiviral Res 2014; 113:79-92. [PMID: 25449363 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Filibuvir, a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has shown great promise in phase IIb clinical trial. However, drug resistant mutations towards Filibuvir have been identified. In the present study, the drug resistance mechanism of wild-type (WT) and mutant NS5B polymerases (including V494I, V494A, M426A, and M423T) toward Filibuvir was investigated by molecular modeling methods. The predicted binding free energy of these five complexes is highly consistent with the experimental EC50 values of Filibuvir to the wild-type and mutant NS5B RdRps, V494I<WT<V494A<M426A<M423T. Analysis of the individual energy terms indicates that the loss of binding affinity is mainly attributed to the decrease in the van der Waals interaction contribution. Through detailed analysis of the interaction between FBV and RdRp(V494I), RdRp(WT), RdRp(V494A), RdRp(M426A), and RdRp(M423T), several conclusions are made. Firstly, the smaller size of residue 494 side chain results in the smaller binding affinity between FBV and RdRp. Secondly, the poor inhibition capacity of Filibuvir toward RdRp(M426A) is mainly due to the decrease in the van der Walls interaction between Filibuvir and residue Leu-497(M426A) caused by the spatial structure change of Ala-426(M426A). Thirdly, the decrease in the binding affinity in mutation M423T is attributed to the smaller binding cave and the cyclopentyl group of Filibuvir exposing outside the cave. Our computational results will provide valuable information for developing more potent and selective inhibitors toward HCV NS5B polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, 100049 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Mingjuan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, 100049 Beijing, PR China
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Wei S, Xu N, Ji Z. [Identification of a kojic-acid producing Aspergillus flavus F52]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2014; 54:1155-1160. [PMID: 25803892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We identified an endophytic fungus of Vigna unguiculata, as well as the influence of carbon sources on the production of kojic acid by the isolated fungus. METHODS This kojic acid producer was identified as Aspergillus flavus F52 according to morphological characteristics and ITS region of rDNA. The metabolite of strain F52 was obtained by recrystallization, and identified as kojic acid based on the spectral data of NMR, HR-ESI/MS and IR. The fungus was cultivated in medium containing various carbon sources, and the production of kojic acid in the fermentation broth was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The complex carbon source which was composed of glucose and sucrose was preferential, whereas the presence of lactose was not beneficial to the production of kojic acid. The content of kojic acid in the fermentation broth reached 24.44 g/L. CONCLUSION Aspergillus flavus F52 might be a potent producer of kojic acid for commercial use.
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Luo H, Liu H, Cao Y, Xu D, Mao Z, Mou Y, Meng J, Lai D, Liu Y, Zhou L. Enhanced production of botrallin and TMC-264 with in situ macroporous resin adsorption in mycelial liquid culture of the endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12. Molecules 2014; 19:14221-34. [PMID: 25211003 PMCID: PMC6271592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12, an endophytic fungus from the hybrid "Neva" of Populus deltoides × P. nigra, is a high producer of the bioactive dibenzo-α-pyrones botrallin and TMC-264. However, both the botrallin and TMC-264 produced by Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 were retained as both intracellular and extracellular products. The aim of this study was to evaluate an in situ macroporous resin adsorption for enhancement of botrallin and TMC-264 production in mycelial liquid culture of Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12. Production of botrallin and TMC-264 was most effectively enhanced by macroporous resin DM-301 among the thirteen nonionic macroporous resins tested. The highest botrallin yield (51.47 mg/L, which was 2.29-fold higher than the control at 22.49 mg/L) was obtained by adding resin DM-301 at 4.38% (g/mL) to the culture broth on day 24 and allowing a period of 4 days for adsorption. The highest TMC-264 yield reached 47.74 mg/L, which was 11.76-fold higher than that of the control (4.06 mg/L), and was achieved by adding DM-301 resin at 4.38% (w/v) in the culture broth on day 24 and allowing a period of 6 days for adsorption. The results show that in situ resin adsorption is an effective strategy for enhancing production of botrallin and TMC-264, and also for facilitating their recovery from mycelial liquid culture of Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Luo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuheng Cao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziling Mao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Mou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiajia Meng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li Y, Teng Z, Parkin KL, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Luo W, Ma D, Zhao M. Identification of bioactive metabolites dihydrocanadensolide, Kojic acid, and vanillic acid in soy sauce using GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:8392-8401. [PMID: 25090452 DOI: 10.1021/jf502159m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformations of intrinsic substrates offer immense potential for generating new bioactive compounds in fermented food products. The aim of this work was to characterize the secondary metabolites in soy sauce, one of the oldest fermented condiments. Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of soy sauce was separated using flash column chromatography, crystallized, and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), and mass spectroscopy. Dihydrocanadensolide (DHC), an antiulcer agent, was identified in a food for the first time. The natural stereostructure of DHC, which remained controversial for several decades, was determined as (3S,3aS,6R,6aR)-6-butyl-3-methyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2,4-dione using SC-XRD analysis. Kojic acid (KA) and vanillic acid (VA) were also identified from EAE as bioactive metabolic products of fungi and yeasts. Moreover, a new polymorphic form of KA was determined by SC-XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Abstract
Development of sustainable and biodegradable materials is essential for future growth of the chemical industry. For a renewable product to be commercially competitive, it must be economically viable on an industrial scale and possess properties akin or superior to existing petroleum-derived analogs. Few biobased polymers have met this formidable challenge. To address this challenge, we describe an efficient biobased route to the branched lactone, β-methyl-δ-valerolactone (βMδVL), which can be transformed into a rubbery (i.e., low glass transition temperature) polymer. We further demonstrate that block copolymerization of βMδVL and lactide leads to a new class of high-performance polyesters with tunable mechanical properties. Key features of this work include the creation of a total biosynthetic route to produce βMδVL, an efficient semisynthetic approach that employs high-yielding chemical reactions to transform mevalonate to βMδVL, and the use of controlled polymerization techniques to produce well-defined PLA-PβMδVL-PLA triblock polymers, where PLA stands for poly(lactide). This comprehensive strategy offers an economically viable approach to sustainable plastics and elastomers for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Xiong
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
| | | | - Frank S Bates
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and
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Mao Z, Sun W, Fu L, Luo H, Lai D, Zhou L. Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones and their bioactivities. Molecules 2014; 19:5088-108. [PMID: 24759070 PMCID: PMC6271090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones are an important group of metabolites derived from fungi, mycobionts, plants and animal feces. They exhibit a variety of biological activities such as toxicity on human and animals, phytotoxicity as well as cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antinematodal, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Dibenzo-α-pyrones are biosynthesized via the polyketide pathway in microorganisms or metabolized from plant-derived ellagitannins and ellagic acid by intestinal bacteria. At least 53 dibenzo-α-pyrones have been reported in the past few decades. This mini-review aims to briefly summarize the occurrence, biosynthesis, biotransformation, as well as their biological activities and functions. Some considerations related to synthesis, production and applications of dibenzo-α-pyrones are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Mao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linyun Fu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyu Luo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, Carvalho ASC, Santos AS, do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. A novel function for kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus fungi, as antileishmanial agent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91259. [PMID: 24621481 PMCID: PMC3951352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA) is a fungal metabolite used as a topical treatment skin-whitening cosmetic agent for melasma in humans; however its potential as an anti-leishmanial agent is unknown. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for Leishmaniasis. However, the drugs available are expensive, invasive, require long-term treatment and have severe side effects. Thus, the development of new effective leishmanicidal agents is a necessity. In this study we investigated the anti-leishmanial effect of KA on L. amazonensis, following in vitro and in vivo infections. KA (50 μg/mL) was found to decrease the growth by 62% (IC50 34 μg/mL) and 79% (IC50 27.84 μg/mL) of promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis of KA-treated amastigotes showed the presence of vesicles bodies into the flagellar pocket, and an intense intracellular vacuolization and swelling of the mitochondrion. During the in vitro interaction of parasites and the host cell, KA reverses the superoxide anions (O2-) inhibitory mechanism promoted by parasite. In addition, 4 weeks after KA-topical formulation treatment of infected animals, a healing process was observed with a high production of collagen fibers and a decrease in parasite burden. Thus, these results demonstrated the great potential of KA as an anti-leishmanial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula D. Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique S. Farias
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sérgio C. Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberdan S. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Luiz M. do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilene O. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Fleta-Soriano E, Martinez JP, Hinkelmann B, Gerth K, Washausen P, Diez J, Frank R, Sasse F, Meyerhans A. The myxobacterial metabolite ratjadone A inhibits HIV infection by blocking the Rev/CRM1-mediated nuclear export pathway. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:17. [PMID: 24475978 PMCID: PMC3910686 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear export of unspliced and partially spliced HIV-1 mRNA is mediated by the recognition of a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) in the HIV Rev protein by the host protein CRM1/Exportin1. This makes the CRM1-Rev complex an attractive target for the development of new antiviral drugs. Here we tested the anti-HIV efficacy of ratjadone A, a CRM1 inhibitor derived from myxobacteria. RESULTS Ratjadone A inhibits HIV infection in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with EC₅₀ values at the nanomolar range. The inhibitory effect of ratjadone A occurs around 12 hours post-infection and is specific for the Rev/CRM1-mediated nuclear export pathway. By using a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay we could demonstrate that ratjadone A interferes with the formation of the CRM1-Rev-NES complex by binding to CRM1 but not to Rev. CONCLUSION Ratjadone A exhibits strong anti-HIV activity but low selectivity due to toxic effects. Although this limits its potential use as a therapeutic drug, further studies with derivatives of ratjadones might help to overcome these difficulties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fleta-Soriano
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier P Martinez
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bettina Hinkelmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerth
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Washausen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juana Diez
- Molecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronald Frank
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florenz Sasse
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Wyche TP, Standiford M, Hou Y, Braun D, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Bugni TS. Activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway by novel natural products halomadurones A-D and a synthetic analogue. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5089-99. [PMID: 24351907 PMCID: PMC3877905 DOI: 10.3390/md11125089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel chlorinated pyrones, halomadurones A and B, and two novel brominated analogues, halomadurones C and D, were isolated from a marine Actinomadura sp. cultivated from the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata. Additionally, a non-halogenated analogue, 2-methyl-6-((E)-3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene)-γ-pyrone, was synthesized to understand the role of the halogens for activity. Halomadurones C and D demonstrated potent nuclear factor E2-related factor antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) activation, which is an important therapeutic approach for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim S Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Yang B, Liu BL, Zhou XL, Shen L, Huang DH. Enhanced metabolic function of human hepatocytes cryopreserved with low concentration me2so and polyol additives at -80C. Cryo Letters 2013; 34:381-387. [PMID: 23995405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic function of cryopreserved cells, in addition to cell viability after thawing, is an important parameter in any successful cryopreservation protocol. Dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) is known to affect the differentiation of recovered cells. In this study, we report that sugars and sugar alcohols increases cell recovery, and also improves the metabolic function of human hepatocytes that are cryopreserved using low concentration Me2SO (5%). Three sugars (glucose, sucrose, and trehalose) and three sugar alcohols (xylitol, maltol, and sorbitol) have been tested. Cell viability after thaw and 24-h post-thaw attachment rate of cryopreserved human hepatocytes were assessed. Post-thaw metabolic activities (albumin, glucose, urea content) were measured, and cell proliferation was observed with inverted microscope. Cell viability, post-thaw attachment rate and metabolic activity of cryopreserved hepatocytes are enhanced by the addition of 0.4M sorbitol into 5% Me2SO solution. The study concludes that 5% Me2SO + 0.4M sorbitol can replace the 10% Me2SO method for cryopreservation of human hepatocytes at -80C freezer. The new solution may reduce the side effects on the patients and improve the safety of using cryopreserved hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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